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Southern California LID Manual

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Southern California LID Manual April 2010 Prepared for the Southern California Stormwater Monitoring Coalition, in cooperation with the State Water Resources Control Board, by the Low Impact Development Center, Inc. Funding for this project has been provided in full or in part through an agreement with the State Water Resources Control Board. The contents of this document do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the State Water Resources Control Board, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. (Gov. Code 7550, 40 CFR 31.20) 2 Table of Contents List of Figures................................................................................................................................................4 List of Tables.................................................................................................................................................6 Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................................7 How to Use This Manual...........................................................................................................................8 Section 1: The Impacts of Development and How LID Can Help.................................................................9 Section 2: The LID Site Design Process.....................................................................................................13 Integration with MS4 Permit Requirements........................................................................................16 Step 1: Conduct Site Assessment ..........................................................................................................16 LID Site Assessment – Existing Hydrology ........................................................................................18 LID Site Assessment – Topography...................................................................................................18 LID Site Assessment – Soils and Geology.........................................................................................19 LID Site Assessment – Vegetation.....................................................................................................24 LID Site Assessment – Ecoregion......................................................................................................30 LID Site Assessment – Sensitive and Restricted Areas.....................................................................34 LID Site Assessment – Existing Development ...................................................................................35 LID Site Assessment – Contamination...............................................................................................36 Step 2. Define Goals...............................................................................................................................38 Environmental Stewardship................................................................................................................39 How Much is Enough? .......................................................................................................................39 Step 3: Implementing LID Principles ......................................................................................................41 Maximize Natural Infiltration Capacity................................................................................................42 Preserve Existing Drainage Patterns and Time of Concentration......................................................42 Protect Existing Vegetation and Sensitive Areas ...............................................................................43 Minimize Impervious Area ..................................................................................................................44 Disconnect Impervious Areas.............................................................................................................45 Minimize Construction Footprint.........................................................................................................47 Revegetate Disturbed Areas ..............................................................................................................48 Implement Source Control Measures.................................................................................................51 Step 4: Use LID BMPs to Mitigate Impacts ............................................................................................56 Bioretention ........................................................................................................................................68 Pervious Pavement ............................................................................................................................84 Capture and Reuse ..........................................................................................................................114 Green Roofs .....................................................................................................................................124 BMP Factsheets ...............................................................................................................................130 Downspout Disconnection................................................................................................................131 Soil Amendments .............................................................................................................................133 Vegetated Filter Strips......................................................................................................................135 Vegetated Swales.............................................................................................................................137 Infiltration Basins ..............................................................................................................................139 Infiltration Trenches..........................................................................................................................141 Dry Wells ..........................................................................................................................................143 Dry Ponds.........................................................................................................................................145 Constructed Wetlands ......................................................................................................................146 Media Filters .....................................................................................................................................147 Proprietary Devices ..........................................................................................................................150 Step 5: Evaluate Design .......................................................................................................................152 Section 3: Case Studies............................................................................................................................162 Case Study 1: Commercial Retrofit ......................................................................................................162 Case Study 2: Residential Retrofit........................................................................................................164 Case Study 3: Commercial Design.......................................................................................................166 Case Study 4: Residential Development ..............................................................................................169 Appendix A: Lists of Plants Suitable for Southern California....................................................................171 Master Plant List ...................................................................................................................................171 3 General Plant List .................................................................................................................................181 Bioretention Plant List...........................................................................................................................190 Vegetated Roof Plant List .....................................................................................................................193 Appendix B: California Planning and Regulatory Framework for LID.......................................................196 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................196 LID in NPDES Stormwater Permits ......................................................................................................196 Municipal Permits .............................................................................................................................196 Phase II Municipal Permits...............................................................................................................200 General Construction Permits ..........................................................................................................200 Incorporating LID into the Planning Process ........................................................................................200 Incorporating LID into General Plans ...............................................................................................200
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