IPP-115 v2 World Bank and British Government Co-financed

Public Disclosure Authorized

China Poor Rural Community Development (PRCDP)

Public Disclosure Authorized

Longling County Minority Development Program

Public Disclosure Authorized

World Bank and British Government Co-financed PRCDP Leading

Group Office of Longling County, Province Public Disclosure Authorized CCCC at Sun Yat-sen University

August 2004 CONTENTS

Chapter 1. Minority Overview at Project Areas of Longling County...... 3 Section 1. Composition and Distribution of Nationalities in Project Areas...... 3 Section 2. History and Culture of Minorities in Project Areas ...... 4 Section 3. Resource Utilization and Means of Livelihood of Minorities in Project Areas...... 5 Section 4. Social Organizations of Minorities in Project Areas...... 5 Section 5. Inter-nationality Relations in Project Areas...... 5 Section 6. Poor Situation of Minorities in Project Areas and Cause Analysis...... 6 County ...... 7 Section 7. Reason for MDP Formulation Based on County ...... 7 Chapter 2. Minorities and Project in Project Areas of Longling County...... 7 Section 1. Forecast of Project Impacts...... 7 Section 2. Suggestions from Minority Villagers...... 8 Chapter 3. Legal Framework and Ideas for Formulation of Minority Development Program .. 9 Section 1. Legal Framework...... 9 II. All nationalities enjoy equal right to develop occupied lands and protect their lawfully earned income...... 9 Section 2. General Ideas of Formulation of Longling Minority Development Program...... 10 Chapter 4. Participation of Minority Villagers in the Project ...... 10 Section 1. Participatory Poverty Analysis and Participatory Community Development Plan ...... 10 Section 2. Execution, Supervision and Evaluation of Participatory Project...... 12 Chapter 5. 2005 Project Execution Plan and Budget...... 13 Section 1. Formation of Project Planning for Minority Villages ...... 13 Section 2. Year 1 Project Executive Plan and Budget for Minority Villages...... 14 I. Rural Basic Education Subproject...... 14 II. Rural Health Subproject ...... 15 III. Infrastructure Construction...... 18 IV. Large-scale Agricultural Development Subproject...... 20 V. Community and Organization Capability Building Subproject...... 24 Chapter 6. Project Supervision and Evaluation ...... 24 I. Supervision Mechanism ...... 24 II. Evaluation Mechanism ...... 25

2 The World Bank and British Department for International Development stress the importance of the minorities’ present situation of their equal benefits for the project’s execution, as well as the importance of joint development of multiple nationalities, and propose that a key index of result evaluation is the substantial development of the nationalities (especially minorities) in the project areas by participating in the project. Based on the above consideration and the requirements of the World Bank and British Department for International Development, the Foreign-funded Project Management Center at the National Poverty-relief Office entrusted the CCCC at Sun Yat-sen University to formulate the minority development programs (MDP) along with the 6 non-minority autonomous counties involved in the Poor Rural Community Integrated Development Project (PRCDP). Longling County, Yunnan Province is one of the 6 non-minority autonomous counties. As required by World Bank policy OD4.20, the Longling Minority Development Program for PRCDP was made out based on the information of the distribution, politics, economy, national culture, participation of the minorities in the project areas of Longling County investigated and collected. The references to this program came from the existing data and field investigation findings of the province, county and Xiangs (a sub-county administrative region).

Chapter 1. Minority Overview at Project Areas of Longling County

Section 1. Composition and Distribution of Nationalities in Project Areas

Longling County is one of the 592 key counties of the national poverty relief & development effort. Longling County has a minority population of 13274, accounting for 5% of the county total population. There are 7 project Xiangs. 31 villages, including Longxin Xiang, Zhenan Town, Xiangda Xiang, Lameng Xiang, Bizhai Xiang, Tianning Xiang and Pingda Xiang. The minority population of the project areas is 3451, accounting for 6.06% of the total population of the project areas, mainly in the Lisu nationality (over 3000). There are only over 80 Yi people and less than 10 people of other nationalities.

Among the 31 villages, 16 have minority families. The minority information in 2003 is as follows.

Project area Minority Xiang Village Zhenan Zhuqing 2 families, 10 people, Yi nationality Jinzhuping 30 families, 131 people, Lisu nationality Bengmiao 7 families, 43 people, Lisu nationality Longxin Longxin 56 families, 253 people, Lisu nationality Caizidi 17 families, 80 people, Lisu nationality Daxiaohe 35 families, 171 people, Lisu nationality Dachang 106 families, 463 people, Lisu nationality Xiangda Xiaomidi 77 families, 321 people, Lisu nationality Banggong 32 families, 127 people, Lisu nationality Pingda Huanglianhe 231 families, 949 people, Lisu nationality

3 Anle 130 families, 529 people, Lisu nationality Potou 12 families, 39 people, Xiangtang Branch of Yi nationality Tianning 7 families, 29 people, Lisu nationality, 3 Lisu families, , 4 Yi Xinlin Xiangtang Branch families, Zhongzhai 33 families, 136 people, Lisu nationality Bizhai Maiziping 3 families, 21 people, Xiangtang Branch of Yi nationality Lameng Changqing 4 families, 26 people, 4 Bai families, 15 people Total 16 3451 Notes: The above data is provided by the Longling County Project Office.

Section 2. History and Culture of Minorities in Project Areas

I. Lisu Nationality

Lisu is a Yunnan-specific nationality, mainly inhabiting Nujiang Lisu and Weixi Lisu Autonomous County in Yunnan. Longling is not a main habitat of the Lisu nationality. There are above 3,000 Lisu people in the project areas.

The Lisu language belongs to the Sino-Tibetan family, Tibetan-Burman group, Yi branch, in 2 dialects—Nujiang and Jinjiang—with little differences in grammar and vocabulary. Now Lisu people aged below 50 years can speak Chinese.

The Lisu nationality did not have a written language in the history. The Lisu people created a syllabic language at the beginning of the 20th century; later, foreigners helped create the “old written Lisu language” and the “frame type” phonetic language; the 4th is the new written Lisu language created by the Lingual Institute under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in the early 1950s based on Chinese phonetic alphabets and approved by the State Council. Now the new and old written Lisu languages are frequently used.

Lisu was a migrating nationality in the history, giving rise to the characteristic of “large cross inhabitation, local central inhabitation”. A small number of people live in dam areas; most at mountain areas, where vertical climatic changes are great.

Lisu’s house was mainly in the bamboo-wood structure and earth-wood structure in the past. There are half timber structure and mixed brick structure now. Building types include bamboo house, square timber house, earth wall house, stone chip roofed house and mixed brick house.

In the past, the fundamental form of Lisu’s family and marriage was monogamy (there was also polygamy), the youth have the freedom of love.

In the project areas, some Lisu people believe in the primitive religion focused on natural worship and soul concept. Some believe in Christianity introduced in the 1910s, such as at Shidonghe Team, Huanglianhe Village.

The Lisu people in Longling mainly have 2 large gatherings, one is the New Year (in the old calendar) gathering around Sanguoqiang in Mucheng Xiang; the other is the “Knife Bar Day” held around Xianggu and Xiaomi in Longxin Xiang on Feb 8 in the lunar calendar.

4 Section 3. Resource Utilization and Means of Livelihood of Minorities in Project Areas

Since the Lisu people and the Xiangtang branch people of the Yi nationality live in high-cold mountain areas and rocky mountain areas featuring harsh natural conditions, high altitude, large rainfall, cold weather and barren land, their income comes mainly from the agriculture that depends on nature. The farmers have followed the means of production of slash-and-burn cultivation for thousands of years.

Dry land is the fundamental farming resource, there is little paddy field. The grain crops are corn, potato and buckwheat, shortage of grain is serious; the melons and vegetables include pumpkin, wax gourd, towel gourd, radish, pepper, eggplant, cucumber, cabbage, etc; the cash crop is mainly tea. Some minority villages get some income by picking wild fungi.

The stockbreeding develops slowly, for example, a family at Huanglianhe raises 1-2 pigs and 5 families raise a head of farm cattle on average.

Handicraft is mainly done in the slack season. There are few handicraftsmen at the village. Except for self-use, there has not been a large-scale production for merchandise.

Few Lisu people work outside. For example, at Huanglianhe, some bosses came here to burn charcoal several years ago, and some villagers went to work. Many laborers want to work outside but do not have enough travel expenses. Some have earned no money after work.

Section 4. Social Organizations of Minorities in Project Areas

The Lisu and Yi people in Longling County have been living together with the Han people, without keeping any special social organization. Like the Han people, they live together with the link of commune-administrative village. Christianity-believing Lisu followers have close relations with each other.

Lisu families have always been mostly small monogamous families. A family will be divided up when the children have grown up and been married. The parents mostly live together with the youngest son. The relative mutual-aid in a villager team and between relatives has been prevailing. If a family has a difficulty, whether financially or manually, others will try to solve the difficulty jointly.

Section 5. Inter-nationality Relations in Project Areas

Longling County is a county where many nationalities live together and interact. It is found in the investigation that the conditions of existence for minorities are often worse than those for the Han people and their degree of poverty is also deeper than the Han people. Nevertheless, the continuous interaction and fusion among different nationalities have made the relations among them appear as coordinated coexistence at multinational cross/scattered inhabited areas as follows:

5 (1) Minorities aged less than 50 years in most cross-inhabited areas can speak both the language of their respective nationalities and Chinese;

(2) There has been intermarriage with the Han nationality in both Lisu and Yi nationalities with the tradition of intra-nationality marriage;

(3) Minorities have a strong sense of commodity exchange;

(4) Villagers can think about their own nationalities’ differences from the Han nationality and reasons of being poorer than the Han nationality forwardly.

Section 6. Poor Situation of Minorities in Project Areas and Cause Analysis

I. Poor Situation of Minorities in Project Areas

The project areas of Longling County have 31 villages, the absolutely poor population with per capita net income less than RMB625 is 25486, accounting for 44.89% of the agricultural population of the project areas, 18% than the county level; the poor population with per capita net income less than RMB865 is 49586, accounting for 87.34% of the agricultural population of the project areas, 36% than the county level. The proportion of the poor population is much higher than the county average level.

The minorities in the project areas seriously lack money, grain and investment, appearing as: inability to support children’s school education, especially the dropout rate of primary school is as high as 10%; no money to see doctor, “falling in and returning to poverty due to illness” is serious; no money to purchase seed, fertilizer, pesticide and other means of production, low capability of expanded reproduction. The per capita grain possession of the Lisu nationality is less than 200kg, the grain shortage period is 5-6 months/year, backward means of production and low living standard. They lack necessary living facilities, such as poor resident conditions, high ratio of thatched cottage and dilapidated house, accounting for 27% of the total number of families in the project areas; poor environmental sanitation, serious shortage of doctor and medicine. The investment in irritation works, traffic, market, power and other infrastructure is seriously scanty.

The CCCC at the Sun Yat-sen University investigated Huanglianhe Village, Pingda Xiang, Longling County. The poverty situation of the local minorities is as follows:

Geographic Resource Means of Development Opinion of Nationality location base livelihood & poverty project officials Situated in Average Totally 1582 2090 Han Per capita net Longling is one of cold altitude laborers, 30 people in income the 73 State Huanlianhe mountain, 2100m, people work 487 760yuan, poverty relief Village 85km from annual outside families, families tackling counties under county seat, rainfall seasonally, 949 Lisu under poverty in Yunnan, this Pingda 23km from 2500mm, others deal people in line account village is a Xiang in Xiang (town), barren land, mainly with 231 for 60% province level key Longling 23km from but good planting of yam families poverty relief County the nearest vegetation and corn village. bazaar

II. Cause Analysis of Poverty of Minorities in Project Areas

6 County Officials’ analysis Villagers’ analysis (Huanglianhe) Backward social development Not enough grain to eat Harsh natural conditions Not money to build house Slow economic development No money for medical treatment, Backward infrastructure returning to poverty due to illness Longling Shortage of rural practical Short of educational fund County technique Short of development fund Poor school conditions Difficult to repay loan Poor self-sustaining and Harsh natural conditions, cold development capability of farmers weather

Section 7. Reason for MDP Formulation Based on County

As discussed above, the dominant minority in Longling is Lisu, the Yi nationality has a small proportion. The Lisu and Yi nationalities are highly consistent in present situation and causes of poverty. Accordingly, it is more suitable to formulate the MDP based on county.

Chapter 2. Minorities and Project in Project Areas of Longling

County

Section 1. Forecast of Project Impacts

I. Positive impacts of the project

(1) Improve the traffic, irrigation, drinking water, basic farmland and housing conditions of the project areas, satisfy the people’s production and living needs in the project areas, promote the restoration of the local ecology, and enhance the sense and ability of external exchange.

(2) Give play to the resource advantage of the project areas, improve the means, conditions of production of farmers and the technical level of the agricultural production, solve the grain shortage problem of the minorities, increase the income of the farmers.

(3) Improve the basic education of the project areas the enrollment rate, study completion rate of the school-age children, especially girls, reduce the dropout rate, strengthen the literacy of the poor population of the project areas, enable poor population of the project areas to enjoy the right of education receiving.

(4) Promote the establishment of the rural community medical service system, improve the health and medical situation of the poor areas and the health level of the poor population, reduce the incidence of “falling in and returning to poverty due to illness”. Establish the mother and child health service system, give antenatal publicity, monitoring, examination to pregnant women, postpartum examination of lying-in women and baby examination, popularize the new delivery method, reduce the mortality of pregnant/lying-in women and infants, guarantee the right of the poor people in the project areas to enjoy the basic medical services.

7 (5) Enhance the capability building of the poor farmers, promote the project’s dual exchange and feedback mechanism at the community.

(6) Promote the unity of nationalities.

II. Negative impacts of the project

The project’s execution might result in some imbalances: firstly, the future imbalance between the project areas and the non-project areas in the county; secondly, the imbalance between the project villages and non-project villages in the project areas; thirdly, the imbalance between different farmer families with different investment.

Section 2. Suggestions from Minority Villagers

Most minority villagers show great interest in the project, think this project is a good chance for them to get rich and hope them to participate in the project. Their suggestions are focused mainly on the project’s coverage and loan, including:

1. Strong Will to Improve Village Infrastructure

Minority villagers say, the backward village infrastructure is a key reason for the poverty, so that the project must help them improve the infrastructure, such as water, power, road. Poor as they are, they may contribute labor.

2. Improve the village’s educational environment

A large number of villagers have realized the importance of their children’s school study. It is reflected by many villagers that, their children will travel a long way to school, boarding at school is too expensive or not assuring, or they have no money to support their children’s study. There are villagers at every village suggesting that the project improve the educational conditions.

3. Suggestions on loan

Except a small part of farmers daring not to borrow, most farmers say they are eager to get a loan from the project and believe that only if they do well and select a proper project, there will be no problem with repayment. Villagers further hope the loan under this project is low in interest rate, there has been usury with interest up to 20%. The term of repayment expected by the villagers is longer than 1 year, at least until when the product has made a profit.

4. Suggestions on productive projects

Suggestions from minority villagers on productive projects are their respective family development plans.

8 Chapter 3. Legal Framework and Ideas for Formulation of Minority

Development Program

Section 1. Legal Framework

I. Different nationalities share equal political, economic, social and cultural rights

Different nationalities in the People’s Republic of China shall have equal rights for social, economic, cultural development. At minority inhabited areas, the regional national autonomy system shall be implemented, and autonomous areas (autonomous region, prefecture, county) set up to exercise the autonomy and manage the nationality’s internal affairs. Pursuant to the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China and the Regional National Autonomy Law of the People’s Republic of China, the minorities’ political rights shall be guaranteed so that they can manage their own affairs independently.

Except “Some Provisions of Yunnan Province on the Enforcement of the Regional National Autonomy Law of the People’s Republic of China”, Yunnan has also enacted the “Ordinance of Yunnan Province on the Promotion of Scientific and Technological Advance in Minority Autonomous Areas”. This ordinance aims to promote the scientific and technological advance in minority autonomous areas in Yunnan, drive the economic and social development there1.

In the multi-nationality cross-inhabited areas in the project areas of Longling County, the inter-nationality relations are harmonious and the nationalities have also kept their respective national customs. In the national development policy and enforcement, different nationalities share equal rights and national discrimination is seldom seen.

II. All nationalities enjoy equal right to develop occupied lands and protect their lawfully earned income

“Law of Land Management of the People’s Republic of China”, “Method for Implementation of the Law of Land Management of Yunnan”, “Some Provisions on Determination of Land Ownership and Land-use Right”, “Rural Land Contracting Law of the People’s Republic of China” are the legal basis and institutional guarantee of the minorities’ land use right.

It is stipulated in the Regional National Autonomy Law that: “The autonomous organs at the autonomous minority area shall decide the ownership and use right of meadows and forests of the area under law”, “manage and maintain the local natural resources”, “No organization or individual is allowed to destroy grasslands and forests by any means”, “According to the law and the State’s unified planning, the natural resources that can be developed by the local area shall be developed and utilized rationally first”, etc.

The Multinational Development Program has a good legal foundation. Under the above legal framework, all ethnic groups can have the right to participate in the project and be developed. This also provides a legal guarantee to the project and its specific coverage.

1See Ordinance of Yunnan Province on the Promotion of Scientific and Technological Advance in Minority Autonomous Areas, Clauses 4, 10, 14, 23, 25, 26, 37, 41 and 43.

9 Section 2. General Ideas of Formulation of Longling Minority Development Program

The idea in formulating the MDP is to consider how to involve the nationalities in the project areas extensively and benefit them equally by executing the project, so that they can go on a benign path of sustainable growth.

1. Promote the coordinated development of the economy, ecology and culture in the areas;

2. Promote the improvement of the household standard of living in the areas;

3. Promote the local development of high-quality human resources;

4. Promote the improvement of the agricultural, stockbreeding and technological level of different nationalities in the areas;

5. Promote and cultivate the market entry ability of the minorities in the areas;

6. Promote the participation of the minorities in the areas in the project and its execution, supervision.

Chapter 4. Participation of Minority Villagers in the Project

The PDCDP will be executed in a participatory approach. The framework of the participatory approach includes 4 steps, namely, participatory poverty analysis, participatory community development plan, participatory project execution and participatory supervision/evaluation. At present, the effort in Longling County is concentrated on the participatory poverty analysis and the formulation of the participatory community development plan.

Section 1. Participatory Poverty Analysis and Participatory Community Development Plan

I. Selection of Target Groups

Villages with high poverty coverage, high degree of poverty, high return to poverty; gathering minorities; harsh living environment; and strong will of poverty relief among villagers were selected as the project areas, in which key poverty relief villages account for above 80%. Of the 31 villages, 16 are centrally inhabited by minorities.

In the selection of project farmer families at the minority villages, aim at poor families, try to cover minority poor families, especially support some potential, capable and open-minded minority poor families as typical families.

II. Participatory Demand Analysis and Project Planning

The project officials went deep into the project villages in work teams to help the local people analyze the environmental conditions related to their production and life with their knowledge

10 using the method of participatory rural assessment (PRA), formulate the future development plan and take corresponding actions, so as to finally benefit them. The minority villagers have been involved in the poverty analysis and project planning in the following ways:

1. Villager meeting

Hold many times of villager meetings involving different nationalities, sexes, ages, degrees of richness and residences to make the contents of PRCDP widely known, summarize and share the work results, obtain the villagers’ support and cooperation. Write the collected information (such as issue sequencing, resource distribution layout, seasonal life calendar by sex and farm work calendar) on a large piece of paper, verify the information, analyze and summarize the problems, find out a solution together with the villagers.

2. Charting

The villagers draw the resource distribution plan of the village, marking the locations of the communes and the present situation of the rivers and roads on the chart. The work team has fully discussed the existing problems, difficulties in resource utilization and solutions thereto with the villagers, with special concern on the activities to be carried out in an area.

Make an analysis of women problem by drawing the seasonal life calendar by sex of different nationalities, learn the differences of the social genders and the women’s concern about the project’s activities by investigating the farming activities in different seasons of women and men of different nationalities and their roles in the family.

3. Farmer interview

Raise questions to the villagers and find answers by means of field or door-to-door interview to provide a numerical and theoretical basis to the design and analysis of the village planning.

4. Information feedback

Feed the work results arranged, classified and analyzed by the work team and the planning back to the village to consult the villagers for opinions and suggestions.

Flowchart of Participatory Village-level Planning at Minority Project Village

Teachers of provincial Prepare PRCDP investigation materials, Hold first villager meeting PO train trainees collect and learn the background of the involving all nationalities village’s national composition, history, culture, social organization, means of (Let trainees master PRA) (Briefly introduce the goals, livelihood, resources, poverty situation significance of PRCDP, objectives of the work team at the village, activities

Interview with farmers of Participatory charting Sum-up different nationalities (Systematic analysis, (Draw resource distribution discussion and summarization plan) (Find out problems, issue of collected information) sequencing, sex analysis)

Form preliminary framework Villager sum-up meeting Complete participatory11 and budget village-level plan (draft) (Report, analyze and discuss project planning with villagers) (Discussion, data collation)

Information feedback of participatory village-level plan to the village

III. Formulation of Participatory Manual

The PRCDP project requires maintaining a high-quality participatory approach to meet the requirements of the World Bank and the British Department for International Development, especially the requirements of the World Bank’s guarantee clause. Based on the data of the 3 project provinces and the discussion with the provinces, ITAD shall work out a participatory manual as required by the World Bank and BDID, specifying the basic principles, monitoring indicators, key steps, recommended methods and tools of the participatory approach and the typical cases introduced by the provinces to provide guidance to how the county, Xiang/town and village level project managerial personnel and coordinators should execute and monitor the participatory approach in the project.

Section 2. Execution, Supervision and Evaluation of Participatory Project

For more extensive and deeper participation of the minority villagers in the project, the future effort will be concerned about the following points:

I. Participatory Execution of the Project

The target of PRCDP is to involve the minority villagers in all aspects of the health, education, infrastructure, agricultural subprojects. The future effort shall ensure the operating principles and procedures (managerial structure, decision-making mechanism, mode of execution, fund appropriation and purchasing, etc) of the project, adapt the specific social, cultural traditions of the minorities to the participatory approach, so that the minorities can participate in the project in an extensive, deep and equal manner and benefit from it.

II. Supervision and Evaluation of Participation Quality of Minority Villagers

The design of the PRCDP monitoring and evaluation system is still at the initial stage. It will cover the following aspects:

1. Monitor the execution of the participatory approach, including: monitor the villages and families covered by the participatory approach; monitor the quality of the participatory approach on the basis of the indicators in the participatory manual.

2. Select minority villages as the trial units of participatory approach monitoring, feed back the experience and lessons to the project offices of the 3 project provinces.

12 3. Integrate the information and lessons from the community participatory monitoring and evaluation campaign at the minority villages.

III. Rolling popularization of Participatory Method

According to some feasible methods and ideas for the staged and rolling popularization of the participatory approach to be discussed in the participatory manual, more villages, especially minority villages, in Longling County will be covered by the participatory method under the provincial participatory rolling popularization program.

Chapter 5. 2005 Project Execution Plan and Budget

Section 1. Formation of Project Planning for Minority Villages

1. Fix the project areas. According to the PRCDP requirements and the practical situation of Longling County, 31 villages in 7 Xiangs/towns, including 16 villages centrally inhabited by minorities, were fixed as the project areas;

2. Caizidi Village under Longxin Xiang was selected as the representative village to carry out the participatory typical-village village-level planning;

3. Form the project framework of the “Project Proposal”. On the basis of a full collection of the basic information of the project areas, in conjunction with the farmers’ wills in the project design at typical villages, the county’s 10-year poverty-relief planning, industrial planning, national economy development planning, a project framework demonstration meeting will be held involving Party/political leaders, business departments, specialized technicians to conduct a full feasibility demonstration of the project, form a preliminary project framework and fix the rough investment proportions of the subprojects. On this basis, the business departments shall finalize the contents and scale of the subprojects in our county and form the project framework of the “Project Proposal” in consideration of the farmers’ wills, the project areas’ situation, relevant State requirements and technical standards through field investigation, repeated discussions, sufficient demonstration and overall balancing;

4. The experts from the Sun Yat-sen University shall carry out a social assessment of the project areas to further summarize and search for social and cultural differences that need attention in the process of project planning, such as differences in nationality, gender and residence, etc;

5. Conduct the participatory village-level planning at the typical village to provide a basis for the feasibility study;

6. Plan and design the project contents and scale in the feasibility study report. On the basis of the participatory village-level planning, the project areas and investment proportions of the subprojects have been adjusted pursuant to the “Project Proposal”, “Memorandum for the 2nd Preparation Group” and the “Memoranda” in March and June, 2004, in which community capability development is brought into the capability building subproject for

13 separate demonstration. With reference to the technical standards for the Qinba Project, Butuo Project and Project, the practical situation and market conditions of the project areas, the investment proportions, scale of construction, unit investment budget of the subprojects and the return on unit cost of productive projects have been revised again after repeated demonstration, quite objectively planning the project contents and scale in the feasibility study report. The whole building process of the project fully embodies the participatory concept.

7. The farmer development projects planned at the project villages in the county in 2005 are designed so that the minority farmers can organize productive activities and boost their development capabilities according their own wills. Pillar project will be formed to raise the farmers’ income by giving full play to the unique natural advantages and the existing pillar industry advantages of the county; in the infrastructure subproject, traffic, watery conservancy and other infrastructure will be constructed to meet the farmers’ needs and project development; the community development subproject aims to improve the quality of laborers to ensure the successful practice of the participatory approach at the minority villages; the education and health subproject is designed for the backward education and health conditions of the minority villages to gradually improve the population quality of the minorities.

Section 2. Year 1 Project Executive Plan and Budget for Minority Villages

Longling County has 6 subprojects, of which the project planning involving minority villages of Longling County in 2005 includes rural basic education, rural health, infrastructure construction, large-scale agricultural development, community and organization capability building.

I. Rural Basic Education Subproject

This subproject will involve 15 minority villages in 2005, covering community study center construction, knowledge training, teacher training and schoolhouse renovation.

14 Unit: RMB10,000 Zhuqing Bengmiao Caizidi Daxiaohe Jinzhuping Longxin Dachangping Xiaomidi No. Content Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest I Rural infrastructure 1.0212 1.33 0.97 0.97 0.9 52.16 1.13 construction 0.95 0.86 1 Community study center 1 0.45 1.1 Primary center 1 0.36 1 0.45 0.29 0.29 1 0.26 1 0.66 1 0.29 1 0.59 1 0.42 2.1 Legal knowledge 50 0.15 2.2 Financial knowledge 50 0.15 2.4 Living knowledge 50 0.14 3 Teacher training 22 0.88 9 0.36 11 0.44 3.1 Education concept and strategy 6 0.2212 22 0.88 17 0.68 16 0.64 23 0.92 21 0.84 9 0.36 11 0.44 4.1.1 Schoolhouse Renovation 595 50.58 Continued Unit: RMB10,000 Huanglianhe Banggong Anle Potou Xinlin Zhongzhai Maiziping Changqing No. Content Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest I Rural infrastructure 34.575 37.03 0.91 0.94 0.73 1.2 construction 0.73 0.66 1 Community study center 0.34 1 0.42 1 0.25 1 0.54 1.1 Primary center 1 0.13 1 0.33 1 0.34 1 0.34 1 0.39 1 0.42 1 0.25 1 0.54 2.1 Legal knowledge 100 0.30 2.2 Financial knowledge 50 0.15 2.4 Living knowledge 12 0.48 50 0.15 3 Teacher training 0.36 10 0.4 0.32 13 0.52 12 0.48 9 0.36 3.1 Education concept and strategy 9 0.36 10 0.4 8 0.32 14 0.56 13 0.52 13 0.52 9 0.36 4.1.1 Schoolhouse Renovation 401 34.085 425 36.13 595 50.58

II. Rural Health Subproject

This subproject will involve all minority villages in 2005, covering health institution building, public health service, medical aid for extreme poverty, health worker training, etc.

Zhuqing Bengmiao Caizidi Daxiaohe Jinzhuping Longxin Dachang Xiaomidi No. Content Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest II Rural health subproject 0.61 3.82 0.97 3.59 0.6 0.93 0.867 3. 942 1 Health institution building 81 3.3 1.2 Village health station 80 3 modification/expansion 1.2.1 House construction 80 3.00 80 0.4 80 3.00 1.3 Advance capital for drugs 1 0.3 2 Public health service 1001 0.317 0.222 2.1 Mother and child 7 0.02 7 0.02 7 0.02 8 0.02 8 0.03 7 0.02 8 0.03 7 0.02 healthcare 2.1.1 Subsidy for pregnant/lying-in woman systematic management 2.1.2 Hospitalization and childbearing subsidy 2.1.3 Child systematic management subsidy 2.2 Health education 3 0.01 3 0.01 3 0.01 3 0.01 5 0.01 3 0.01 5 0.01 3 0.01 2.2.1 Material cost 2.2.2 Personnel allowance 2.3 Planned immunity 4 0.012 4 0.012 4 0.012 4 0.012 4 0.012 4 0.012 4 0.057 4 0.012 2.4 Parasite prevention and 614 0.06 998 0.100 563 0.060 579 0.060 596 0.060 1182 0.120 947 0.1 682 0.07 cure 2.4.1 Pupil collective intestinal parasite infection survey Distribution of health materials 2.5 Other activities 37 0.12 37 0.11 37 0.11 37 0.11 37 0.11 37 0.11 37 0.12 37 0.11 3 Medical aid for extreme poverty 201 0.45 0.32 Salvage of extremely poor 3.1 3 0.05 5 0.09 3 0.05 3 0.06 6 0.11 5 0.09 4 0.06 pregnant/lying-in women Medical aid for extreme 3.2 poverty/payment of 127 0.233 206 0.377 116 0.212 120 0.220 243 0.445 196 0.36 141 0.26 cooperative fund 4 Health worker training 5 0.1 5 0.1 4.1 Village level health worker 4.1.1 Long-term training 3 0.06 3 0.06 3 0.06 3 0.06 3 0.06 3 0.06 3 0.06 3 0.06 4.1.2 Short-term training 2 0.04 2 0.04 2 0.04 2 0.04 2 0.04 2 0.04 2 0.04 2 0.04

16 Continued: Banggong Anle Huanglianhe Potou Xinlin Zhongzhai Maiziping Changqing No. Content Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest II Rural health subproject 0.572 1.23 1.434 3.89 0.61 1.12 3.50 0.75 1 Health institution building 0.4 0.7 1.2 Village health station 80 0.4 80 3.00 80 0.40 80 3.00 modification/expansion 0.4 1.2.1 House construction 80 0.4 80 0.40 80 3.00 1.3 Advance capital for drugs 1 0.3 1 0.30 2 Public health service 593 0.212 0.262 0.254 861 0.24 472 0.20 923 0.25 2.1 Mother and child 7 0.02 7 0.02 7 0.03 8 0.03 7 0.02 7 0.02 7 0.02 7 0.02 healthcare 2.1.1 Subsidy for pregnant/lying- in woman systematic management 2.1.2 Hospitalization and childbearing subsidy 2.1.3 Child systematic management subsidy 2.2 Health education 3 0.01 3 0.01 5 0.01 5 0.01 3 0.01 3 0.01 3 0.01 3 0.01 2.2.1 Material cost 2.2.2 Personnel allowance 2.3 Planned immunity 4 0.012 4 0.012 4 0.012 4 0.012 4 0.012 4 0.012 4 0.012 4 0.012 2.4 Parasite prevention and 542 0.05 995 0.1 794 0.08 546 0.06 620 0.06 810 0.08 421 0.04 872 0.09 cure 2.4.1 Pupil collective intestinal parasite infection survey Distribution of health materials 2.5 Other activities 37 0.12 37 0.12 37 0.12 37 0.12 37 0.12 37 0.12 37 0.12 37 0.12 3 Medical aid for extreme 89 0.20 184 0.40 poverty 115 0.26 0.468 0.38 Salvage of extremely poor 3.1 3 0.05 6 0.09 4 0.08 3 0.05 4 0.06 4 0.07 2 0.04 4 0.07 pregnant/lying-in women Medical aid for extreme 3.2 poverty/payment of 112 0.21 206 0.378 164 0.3 113 0.210 128 0.230 167 0.310 87 0.160 180 0.330 cooperative fund 4 Health worker training 5 0.1 0.1 0.1 5 0.10

17 4.1 Village level health worker 5 0.10 5 0.10 4.1.1 Long-term training 3 0.06 3 0.06 3 0.06 3 0.06 3 0.06 5 0.10 3 0.06 3 0.06 4.1.2 Short-term training 2 0.04 2 0.04 2 0.04 2 0.04 2 0.04 3 0.06 2 0.04 2 0.04

III. Infrastructure Construction This subproject will involve all minority villages in 2005, covering traffic construction, new human/livestock drinking water works, low/medium yield field modification and house modification.

Zhuqing Bengmiao Caizidi Daxiaohe Jinzhuping Longxin Dachang Xiaomidi No. Content Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest III Infrastructure construction 13.00 10.10 16.15 10.40 9.90 76.82 207.79 32.47 New human/livestock 1 drinking water 1 61.82 21 168 1 9.72 works/traffic construction Low/medium yield field 2 300 7.5 190 4.75 reconstruction Modification of slope into 2.1 100 2.5 terrace Low/medium yield field 2.2 19 7.6 150 3.75 190 4.75 modification Flood drainage and rust 2.2.1 120 3 300 7.5 200 5 190 4.75 removal 2.2.2 Soil improvement 48 19.2 3 House modification 25 10 31 12.4 26 10.4 6 2.4 25 10 300 7.5 45 18

Continued: Banggong Anle Huanglianhe Potou Xinlin Zhongzhai Maiziping Changqing No. Content Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest Qty. Invest III Infrastructure construction 103.17 28.35 333 19.90 17.20 74.36 36.2 25 10 1 Traffic construction 1.1 Banggong 9 72 Small water conservancy 4.9 40.21 3 21.4 works New human/livestock 2 1 5.82 373 16.15 drinking water 20.5

18 works/low/medium yield field reconstruction Modification of slope into 2.1 270 13.5 273 13.65 terrace 28.35 Low/medium yield field 2.2 150 3.75 335 16.75 300 7.5 100 2.5 modification Flood drainage and rust 2.2.1 150 3.75 280 7 removal 2.2.2 Soil improvement 3 House modification 54 21.6 29 11.6 32 12.8 31 12.4 43 17.2 45 18 37 14.8 25 10

19 IV. Large-scale Agricultural Development Subproject This subproject will involve all minority villages in 2005, covering advantageous cash crops, farm product processing and circulation, and stockbreeding. Zhuqing: No. Content Qty. Investment Large-scale agricultural IV 11.3 development subproject 1 Advantageous cash crops Low-yield tea garden 1.1 80 4.8 modification Farm product processing 2 and circulation Support of small farm 2.1 1 0.5 product processing point 3 Stockbreeding 3.1 Sheep raising 200 6 Bengmiao: No. Content Qty. Investment Large-scale agricultural IV 30.65 development subproject Grain crop high-yield sub- 1 region construction Planting of detoxified 1.1 500 10 potato 2 Advantageous cash crops Low-yield tea garden 2.1 110 6.6 modification Farm product processing 3 and circulation Support of small farm 3.1 2 1 product processing point 4 Stockbreeding 4.1 Pig raising 435 13.05 Caizidi No. Content Qty. Investment Large-scale agricultural IV 12.5 development subproject Grain crop high-yield sub- 1 region construction 2 Advantageous cash crops 2.1 Horseradish planting 20 5 Farm product processing and 3 circulation Support of small farm product 3.1 2 1 processing point Support of farm product 3.2 1 0.5 marketer 4 Stockbreeding 4.1 Sheep raising 200 6 Jinzhuping No. Content Qty. Investment Large-scale agricultural IV 29.45 development subproject Grain crop high-yield sub- 1 region construction 1.1 Planting of detoxified potato 400 8 2 Advantageous cash crops Low-yield tea garden 2.1 100 6 modification Farm product processing and 3 circulation Support of small farm product 3.1 2 1 processing point Support of farm product 3.2 1 0.5 marketer 4 Stockbreeding 4.1 Pig raising 465 13.95 Daxiaohe No. Content Qty. Investment Large-scale agricultural IV 12.3 development subproject 2 Advantageous cash crops Low-yield tea garden 2.1 80 4.8 modification Farm product processing and 3 circulation Support of small farm product 3.1 2 1 processing point Support of farm product 3.2 1 0.5 marketer 4 Stockbreeding

4.1 Sheep raising 200 6 Longxin No. Content Qty. Investment Large-scale agricultural IV 8.5 development subproject 2 Advantageous cash crops Low-yield tea garden 2.1 125 7.5 modification Farm product processing and 3 circulation Support of small farm product 3.1 1 0.5 processing point Support of farm product 3.2 1 0.5 marketer Dachang

No. Content Qty. Investment

Large-scale agricultural IV development subproject 20.4 Grain crop high-yield sub- 1 region construction 1.1 Potato planting 100 2 2 Stockbreeding 580 17.4 2.1 Sheep raising 300 9 2.2 Pig raising 280 8.4 Farm product processing and 3 circulation Support of small farm product 3.1 2 1 processing point

21 Xiaomidi No. Content Qty. Investment Large-scale agricultural IV development subproject 37.7 2.1 Horseradish planting 120 7.2 Farm product processing 4 and circulation 30.5 Support of small farm 4.1 1 0.5 product processing point 4.3.1 Xiaomidi 1 30 4.3.1.1 House 1000 10 4.3.1.2 Equipment 10 20 Banggong No. Content Qty. Investment Large-scale agricultural IV development subproject 6.3 2.1 Horseradish planting 80 4.8 Farm product processing 4 and circulation Support of small farm 4.1 1 0.5 product processing point Support of farm product 4.2 2 1 marketer Huanglianhe No. Content Qty. Investment Large-scale agricultural IV development subproject 20.45 Grain crop high-yield 1 sub-region construction Large-scale planting of 1.1 220 4.4 detoxified potato 2 Stockbreeding 14.55 2.1 Sheep raising 200 6 2.2 Pig raising 285 8.55 Farm product processing 3 and circulation 1.5 Support of small farm 3.1 2 1 product processing point Support of small farm 3.2 1 0.5 product marketer Anle No. Content Qty. Investment Large-scale agricultural IV development subproject 1.5 Grain crop high-yield 1 sub-region construction Large-scale planting of 1.1 detoxified potato 2 Stockbreeding 2.1 Anle 2.2 Anle Farm product processing 3 and circulation 1.5 Support of small farm 3.1 2 1 product processing point Support of small farm 3.2 1 0.5 product marketer Potou No. Content Qty. Investment Large-scale agricultural IV development subproject 20.2

22 Grain crop high-yield sub- 1 region construction Planting of detoxified 1.1 180 3.6 potato 2 Advantageous cash crops

Low-yield tea garden 2.1 110 6.6 modification Farm product processing 3 2 1 and circulation Support of small farm 3.1 1 0.5 product processing point Support of farm product 3.2 1 0.5 marketer 4 Stockbreeding 300 9

4.2 Pig raising 300 9 Xinlin No. Content Qty. Investment Large-scale agricultural IV 7.5 development subproject 1 Advantageous cash crops Low-yield tea garden 1.1 100 6 modification Farm product processing 2 and circulation Support of small farm 2.1 2 1 product processing point Support of farm product 2.2 1 0.5 marketer Zhongzhai No. Content Qty. Investment Large-scale agricultural IV development subproject 10.7 Grain crop high-yield sub- 1 100 2 region construction Planting of detoxified 1.1 100 2 potato 2 Advantageous cash crops 70 4.2 Low-yield tea garden 2.1 70 4.2 modification Farm product processing 3 3 1.5 and circulation Support of small farm 3.1 1 0.5 product processing point Support of farm product 3.2 2 1 marketer 4 Stockbreeding 100 3 4.2 Pig raising 100 3 Maiziping No. Content Qty. Investment Large-scale agricultural IV 10.1 development subproject Grain crop high-yield 1 130 2.6 sub-region construction Planting of detoxified 1.1 130 2.6 potato

23 Farm product processing 2 3 1.5 and circulation Support of small farm 2.1 1 0.5 product processing point Support of farm product 2.2 2 1 marketer 3 Stockbreeding 200 6 3.1 Sheep raising 200 6 Changqing No. Content Qty. Investment Large-scale agricultural IV development subproject 10.7 1 Advantageous cash crops 120 7.2 Low-yield tea garden 1.1 120 7.2 modification

Farm product processing 2 0.5 and circulation

Support of small farm 2.1 1 0.5 product processing point 3 Stockbreeding 100 3

3.1 Sheep raising 100 3

V. Community and Organization Capability Building Subproject

This subproject is indirectly related to the minority villages and involves purchase of office equipment for county/Xiang project offices, execution plan of project management and monitoring of the county project office, staff training, review and exchange of county/Xiang project offices, plan to establish project information management system of county/Xiang project offices, and technical training program of technicians and farmers at project villages, etc.

Chapter 6. Project Supervision and Evaluation

I. Supervision Mechanism

The supervision and evaluation of the project’s execution also applies to the execution of the Longling Minority Development Program. As required by the World Bank, 3 independent and closely cooperating supervisory mechanisms will be established:

a. Supervisory mechanism set up by the farmers in the project areas;

b. Supervision and evaluation by the supervisory personnel of the World Bank;

c. Supervision by all levels of government supervisory departments.

24 II. Evaluation Mechanism

The project’s social assessment is an important basis of the project design and establishment, and also an essential procedure in the project’s execution and supervision. To guarantee the MDP’s execution, the project assessment shall include the assessment of the Longling Minority Development Program’s execution, the understanding of the MDP’s execution, the provision of an observation report submitted to the World Bank and the Provincial Project Office. The project’s social assessment must be:

a. Executed by an independent academic institution outside the project region or province;

b. The supervisory and observational organ must be determined by the World Bank and the Provincial Project Office through negotiation;

c. The observation report must be submitted to the World Bank and the Provincial Project Office;

d. The observation results shall be fed back to all levels of project offices timely for timely rectification.

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