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(PRCDP) Longling County Minority

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(PRCDP) Longling County Minority IPP-115 v2 World Bank and British Government Co-financed Public Disclosure Authorized China Poor Rural Community Development (PRCDP) Public Disclosure Authorized Longling County Minority Development Program Public Disclosure Authorized World Bank and British Government Co-financed PRCDP Leading Group Office of Longling County, Yunnan Province Public Disclosure Authorized CCCC at Sun Yat-sen University August 2004 CONTENTS Chapter 1. Minority Overview at Project Areas of Longling County........................................ 3 Section 1. Composition and Distribution of Nationalities in Project Areas............................. 3 Section 2. History and Culture of Minorities in Project Areas ................................................ 4 Section 3. Resource Utilization and Means of Livelihood of Minorities in Project Areas...... 5 Section 4. Social Organizations of Minorities in Project Areas............................................... 5 Section 5. Inter-nationality Relations in Project Areas............................................................ 5 Section 6. Poor Situation of Minorities in Project Areas and Cause Analysis......................... 6 County ................................................................................................................................... 7 Section 7. Reason for MDP Formulation Based on County .................................................... 7 Chapter 2. Minorities and Project in Project Areas of Longling County................................... 7 Section 1. Forecast of Project Impacts..................................................................................... 7 Section 2. Suggestions from Minority Villagers...................................................................... 8 Chapter 3. Legal Framework and Ideas for Formulation of Minority Development Program .. 9 Section 1. Legal Framework.................................................................................................... 9 II. All nationalities enjoy equal right to develop occupied lands and protect their lawfully earned income............................................................................................................ 9 Section 2. General Ideas of Formulation of Longling Minority Development Program....... 10 Chapter 4. Participation of Minority Villagers in the Project .................................................. 10 Section 1. Participatory Poverty Analysis and Participatory Community Development Plan ............................................................................................................................................... 10 Section 2. Execution, Supervision and Evaluation of Participatory Project.......................... 12 Chapter 5. 2005 Project Execution Plan and Budget............................................................... 13 Section 1. Formation of Project Planning for Minority Villages ........................................... 13 Section 2. Year 1 Project Executive Plan and Budget for Minority Villages......................... 14 I. Rural Basic Education Subproject............................................................................ 14 II. Rural Health Subproject ........................................................................................... 15 III. Infrastructure Construction................................................................................... 18 IV. Large-scale Agricultural Development Subproject............................................... 20 V. Community and Organization Capability Building Subproject................................ 24 Chapter 6. Project Supervision and Evaluation ....................................................................... 24 I. Supervision Mechanism ........................................................................................... 24 II. Evaluation Mechanism ............................................................................................. 25 2 The World Bank and British Department for International Development stress the importance of the minorities’ present situation of their equal benefits for the project’s execution, as well as the importance of joint development of multiple nationalities, and propose that a key index of result evaluation is the substantial development of the nationalities (especially minorities) in the project areas by participating in the project. Based on the above consideration and the requirements of the World Bank and British Department for International Development, the Foreign-funded Project Management Center at the National Poverty-relief Office entrusted the CCCC at Sun Yat-sen University to formulate the minority development programs (MDP) along with the 6 non-minority autonomous counties involved in the China Poor Rural Community Integrated Development Project (PRCDP). Longling County, Yunnan Province is one of the 6 non-minority autonomous counties. As required by World Bank policy OD4.20, the Longling Minority Development Program for PRCDP was made out based on the information of the distribution, politics, economy, national culture, participation of the minorities in the project areas of Longling County investigated and collected. The references to this program came from the existing data and field investigation findings of the province, county and Xiangs (a sub-county administrative region). Chapter 1. Minority Overview at Project Areas of Longling County Section 1. Composition and Distribution of Nationalities in Project Areas Longling County is one of the 592 key counties of the national poverty relief & development effort. Longling County has a minority population of 13274, accounting for 5% of the county total population. There are 7 project Xiangs. 31 villages, including Longxin Xiang, Zhenan Town, Xiangda Xiang, Lameng Xiang, Bizhai Xiang, Tianning Xiang and Pingda Xiang. The minority population of the project areas is 3451, accounting for 6.06% of the total population of the project areas, mainly in the Lisu nationality (over 3000). There are only over 80 Yi people and less than 10 people of other nationalities. Among the 31 villages, 16 have minority families. The minority information in 2003 is as follows. Project area Minority Xiang Village Zhenan Zhuqing 2 families, 10 people, Yi nationality Jinzhuping 30 families, 131 people, Lisu nationality Bengmiao 7 families, 43 people, Lisu nationality Longxin Longxin 56 families, 253 people, Lisu nationality Caizidi 17 families, 80 people, Lisu nationality Daxiaohe 35 families, 171 people, Lisu nationality Dachang 106 families, 463 people, Lisu nationality Xiangda Xiaomidi 77 families, 321 people, Lisu nationality Banggong 32 families, 127 people, Lisu nationality Pingda Huanglianhe 231 families, 949 people, Lisu nationality 3 Anle 130 families, 529 people, Lisu nationality Potou 12 families, 39 people, Xiangtang Branch of Yi nationality Tianning 7 families, 29 people, Lisu nationality, 3 Lisu families, , 4 Yi Xinlin Xiangtang Branch families, Zhongzhai 33 families, 136 people, Lisu nationality Bizhai Maiziping 3 families, 21 people, Xiangtang Branch of Yi nationality Lameng Changqing 4 families, 26 people, 4 Bai families, 15 people Total 16 3451 Notes: The above data is provided by the Longling County Project Office. Section 2. History and Culture of Minorities in Project Areas I. Lisu Nationality Lisu is a Yunnan-specific nationality, mainly inhabiting Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture and Weixi Lisu Autonomous County in Yunnan. Longling is not a main habitat of the Lisu nationality. There are above 3,000 Lisu people in the project areas. The Lisu language belongs to the Sino-Tibetan family, Tibetan-Burman group, Yi branch, in 2 dialects—Nujiang and Jinjiang—with little differences in grammar and vocabulary. Now Lisu people aged below 50 years can speak Chinese. The Lisu nationality did not have a written language in the history. The Lisu people created a syllabic language at the beginning of the 20th century; later, foreigners helped create the “old written Lisu language” and the “frame type” phonetic language; the 4th is the new written Lisu language created by the Lingual Institute under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in the early 1950s based on Chinese phonetic alphabets and approved by the State Council. Now the new and old written Lisu languages are frequently used. Lisu was a migrating nationality in the history, giving rise to the characteristic of “large cross inhabitation, local central inhabitation”. A small number of people live in dam areas; most at mountain areas, where vertical climatic changes are great. Lisu’s house was mainly in the bamboo-wood structure and earth-wood structure in the past. There are half timber structure and mixed brick structure now. Building types include bamboo house, square timber house, earth wall house, stone chip roofed house and mixed brick house. In the past, the fundamental form of Lisu’s family and marriage was monogamy (there was also polygamy), the youth have the freedom of love. In the project areas, some Lisu people believe in the primitive religion focused on natural worship and soul concept. Some believe in Christianity introduced in the 1910s, such as at Shidonghe Team, Huanglianhe Village. The Lisu people in Longling mainly have 2 large gatherings, one is the New Year (in the old calendar) gathering around Sanguoqiang in Mucheng Xiang; the other is the “Knife Bar Day” held around Xianggu and Xiaomi in Longxin Xiang on Feb 8 in the lunar calendar. 4 Section 3. Resource Utilization
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