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Flora of China 12: 327–329. 2007. 17. PTEROSPERMUM Schreber, Gen Flora of China 12: 327–329. 2007. 17. PTEROSPERMUM Schreber, Gen. Pl. 2: 461. 1791, nom. cons. 翅子树属 chi zi shu shu Trees or shrubs, stellate velutinous or scurfy and scaly. Leaves simple; stipules linear to palmately fimbriate, sometimes forming nectaries, caducous; petiole short; leaf blade lobed or not, leathery, base often oblique, margin entire or serrate, apex some- times truncate; juvenile leaves sometimes much larger, petiole long, leaf blade often with peltate base and prominently palmately lobed. Inflorescence axillary, 1-flowered or cymose and 1–5-flowered. Flowers bisexual; epicalyx lobes usually 3, usually distant from calyx, entire, fimbriate, or palmately lobed, rarely absent, caducous. Calyx 5(or 6)-lobed, divided nearly to base, usually spreading to ± reflexed, caducous. Petals 5, white or yellow, often erect. Androgynophore present, very short, glabrous. Stamens 15, in 5 groups of 3 alternating with staminodes; filaments connate into tube, free at top; anthers 2-celled, cells parallel, connective pointed; staminodes 5, filiform, longer and thicker than filaments. Ovary 5-locular; ovules 4–22 per locule; style clavate or filiform; stigma longitudinally 5-grooved. Fruit a schizocarp, cylindric or ovoid, angular or rounded, usually woody, sometimes leathery, dehiscent into 5 loculicidal mericarps when mature. Seeds 2 to many per locule, with long, oblong, membranous wing; endosperm scanty or absent; cotyledons usually plicate, simple. 2n = 38. Between 18 and 40 species: tropical and subtropical Asia; nine species (five endemic) in China. Sterculia peltata G. Don (Gen. Hist. 1: 517. 1831), based on material from China, has long petiolate 5-lobed peltate leaves that are abaxially puberulent and adaxially glabrous, and has stems and petioles with a white tomentum. The leaf form is much more suggestive of juvenile material of Pterospermum than a species of Sterculia but the white indumentum is difficult to match with the species known from China. Key to flowering material (flowers not known for Pterospermum yunnanense) 1a. Leaf blade 24–34 × 14–29 cm; sepals to 9 cm .......................................................................................................... 1. P. acerifolium 1b. Leaf blade 4.5–18 × 1.5–11 cm; sepals 1.5–6.5 cm. 2a. Petals obovate, ca. 2.8 cm wide ........................................................................................................................ 3. P. kingtungense 2b. Petals linear to oblanceolate, 0.4–1.1 cm wide. 3a. Leaf blade of mature trees very variable, usually oblique, lobes very irregular ................................................ 2. P. proteus 3b. Leaf blade of mature trees uniform, usually bilaterally symmetrical, entire or with apex regularly 3–5-lobed. 4a. Leaf blade of mature trees broadest above middle, apex 3–5-lobed ............................................ 4. P. truncatolobatum 4b. Leaf blade of mature trees oblong, elliptic, or broadest at or below middle, apex not lobed. 5a. Epicalyx lobes linear-divided; pedicel 3–5 cm .............................................................................. 9. P. lanceifolium 5b. Epicalyx lobes entire; pedicel to 1.5 cm. 6a. Leaf blade base obtuse or truncate, rarely shallowly obliquely cordate; sepals 2.5–2.8 × ca. 0.4 cm ............................................................................................................ 8. P. heterophyllum 6b. Leaf blade base obliquely cordate or rounded; sepals 3.5–4.5 × 0.25–0.4 cm. 7a. Leaf blade base obliquely cordate; sepals ca. 4.5 × 0.4 cm; androgynophore ca. 2 cm ......... 6. P. niveum 7b. Leaf blade base obliquely rounded; sepals ca. 3.5 × 0.25 cm; androgynophore ca. 0.8 cm ......................................................................................................................... 7. P. menglunense Key to fruiting material (fruits not known for Pterospermum kingtungense) 1a. Capsule 3–6 cm. 2a. Capsule apex 3–5 mm, beaked .................................................................................................................................. 2. P. proteus 2b. Capsule apex obtuse. 3a. Small trees, to 5 m tall; branchlets gray puberulent when young ............................................................... 5. P. yunnanense 3b. Large trees, 20–25 m tall; branchlets yellow-brown pilose or velutinous. 4a. Petiole 1–2 cm, leaf blade 7–15 × 3–10 cm; capsule stipe robust, 1–1.5 cm .................................. 8. P. heterophyllum 4b. Petiole ca. 0.5 cm, leaf blade 5–9 × 2–3 cm; capsule stipe slender, 3–5 cm ....................................... 9. P. lanceifolium 1b. Capsule 8–15 cm. 5a. Leaf blade 24–34 × 14–29 cm, base not oblique ............................................................................................... 1. P. acerifolium 5b. Leaf blade 4.5–18 × 1.5–11 cm, base oblique. 6a. Leaf blade apex truncate and 3–5-lobed; capsule prominently 5-angled, ca. 12 × 7 cm .................... 4. P. truncatolobatum 6b. Leaf blade apex acuminate or caudate; capsule rounded, 8–10 × ca. 3 cm. 7a. Branchlets yellow stellate tomentose when young; capsule glabrous, apex beaked ................................... 6. P. niveum 7b. Branchlets shortly gray-white woolly when young; capsule ?hairy, apex acute ............................... 7. P. menglunense 1. Pterospermum acerifolium Willdenow, Sp. Pl. 3: 729. 翅子树 chi zi shu 1800. Big trees; bark smooth. Branchlets densely velutinous Flora of China 12: 327–329. 2007. when young. Stipules linear; petiole robust, striate; leaf blade 4.8 × 2.8 cm, stellate puberulent, especially at base, base nearly orbicular or oblong, sometimes ± lobed, 24–34 × 14–29 clawed, apex rounded. Androgynophore ca. 6 mm; filaments cm, leathery, abaxially densely yellowish and gray stellate velu- glabrous, apex of connective pointed and caudate; staminodes tinous, adaxially sparsely hairy or glabrous, base cordate, mar- linear-clavate, ca. 3.5 cm, glabrous, upper part densely verru- gin entire or crenate, apex truncate, nearly rounded, or pointed; cose. Ovary ovoid, densely yellowish brown tomentose; style juvenile leaves palmately lobed, peltate. Flowers solitary, fra- hairy; stigmas free but twisted together. Capsule not seen. grant; epicalyx lobes fimbriate or palmately divided. Sepals ● Forested valleys on limestone; 1400–1500 m. SW Yunnan linear-oblong, ca. 9 × 0.7 cm, abaxially densely yellow-brown (Jingdong). stellate velutinous, adaxially white villous. Petals white, linear- oblong, slightly cuneate, slightly shorter than sepals, glabrous. Pterospermum kingtungense is easily distinguished from other Staminodes clavate, hairy. Ovary oblong, 5-angular; ovules species by its much broader, obliquely obovate petals, ca. 2.8 cm many per locule. Capsule woody, cylindrical, stipitate, ob- wide, with a rounded apex. It is classified as “Critically endangered” in scurely 5-grooved, 10–15 × 5–5.5 cm, reddish brown velu- the IUCN Red List because its very small population is in an unpro- tinous, glabrescent, base tapering, apex rounded. Seeds many tected area subject to regular cutting. per locule, obliquely ovate, flat, wing large and thin, brown, 4. Pterospermum truncatolobatum Gagnepain, Notul. Syst. smooth. (Paris) 1: 84. 1909. Forested slopes; 1200–1700 m. S Yunnan [Bangladesh, Bhutan, 截裂翅子树 jie lie chi zi shu India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand]. Pterospermum acerifolium is grown as an ornamental. Trees, to 16 m tall; bark black, striate. Branchlets densely yellow-brown stellate tomentose when young, becoming gray- 2. Pterospermum proteus Burkill, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew white or yellowish gray stellate tomentose or nearly glabrous. 1901: 138. 1901. Stipules palmately 3–5-fimbriate, densely hairy, caducous; peti- ole robust, 4–12 mm; leaf blade oblong-obovate in outline, usu- 变叶翅子树 bian ye chi zi shu ally irregularly lobed, 8–16 × 3.5–11 cm, leathery, abaxially Small trees or shrubs, to 6 m tall. Branchlets densely white densely gray-white or yellow-brown stellate tomentose, adax- and yellowish brown puberulent. Leaf blade variously shaped, ially glabrous or minutely hairy along midrib, base cordate or nearly orbicular, or broadly oblong in outline, usually oblique, obliquely cordate, apex truncate and 3–5-lobed, central lobe sometimes irregularly lobed, 5–11 × 2–5.5 cm, abaxially acute or acuminate, 1–2 cm. Flowers solitary, nearly sessile; densely red-brown puberulent, adaxially red-brown puberulent epicalyx lobes fimbriate. Sepals linear, relatively thick, 4.5–6.5 and glabrescent, base shallowly obliquely cordate or peltate, × ca. 0.4 cm, abaxially densely brown tomentose, adaxially sil- margin entire or irregularly lobed, lobes obtuse or crenate, apex very white villous. Petals linear-falcate, 3–6 × 0.4–0.5 cm, base acuminate, obtuse, or truncate; juvenile leaves palmately 7- tapering. Stamens ca. 3.5 cm; staminodes filiform, ca. 5 cm, lobed, peltate. Flowers 1–4-fascicled; epicalyx lobes filiform, glabrous. Ovary ovoid, hairy. Fruiting pedicel to 8 mm; capsule ca. 2 mm. Sepals linear, ca. 1.5 × 0.15 cm, abaxially densely woody, ovoid or ovoid-cylindrical, prominently 5-angular and reddish brown puberulent. Petals linear, 1–1.2 cm, veins 7 or 8. 5-grooved, ca. 12 × 7 cm, densely brown stellate tomentose, Stamens slightly shorter than petals, almost free; staminodes ca. verrucose or not, base narrowed into 2–3 × ca. 1 cm stipe. 0.6 cm, hairy on upper part. Ovary ovoid, ca. 4 mm, densely Seeds 6–10 per locule, in 2 rows, 4–5.5 cm including wing, hairy. Capsule ovoid or ovoid-cylindrical,
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