DOCSLIB.ORG

Pterospermum Acerifolium Willd) Arunthia Mitra1* and Manisha Mishra2

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Pterospermum Acerifolium Willd) Arunthia Mitra1* and Manisha Mishra2 qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmq wertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqw ertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwer tyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwerty uiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiInt J Ayu Pharm Chem www.ijapc.com opasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiope ISSN - 2350-0204 Volume 8 Issue 3 5/10/2018 asdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopas dfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdf Greentree Group ghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfgh jklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjkl zxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzx cvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcv bnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbn mqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnm Greentree Group qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqReceived 20/02/18 Accepted 19/04/18 Published 10/05/18 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Mitra and Mishra 2018 Greentree Group © IJAPC Int J Ayu Pharm Chem 2018 Vol. 8 Issue 3 www.ijapc.com 113 wertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqw[e ISSN 2350-0204] ertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyui Int J Ayu Pharm Chem REVIEW ARTICLE www.ijapc.com e-ISSN 2350-0204 A Pharmacological Review of Muchakunda (Pterospermum acerifolium Willd) Arunthia Mitra1* and Manisha Mishra2 1,2 Department of Dravyaguna,Rani Dullaiya Smriti Ayurved P.G. Mahavidhyalayaevam Chikitsalaya, Bhopal (M.P.), India ABSTRACT Ayurvedic herbology deals with description of herbs and plants with medicinal properties and various applications in disease therapy. Muchakunda is one such tree which is valued for its therapeutic potential in diseases of cough and cold, in skin disorders like scabies, a potential wound healer and also useful in inflammation and pain. Ayurvedic texts also refer its uses in headache and bleeding disorders. It belongs to the family Sterculiaceae and is commonly found all over India. This article deals with a comprehensive review on various pharmacological activity of this tree to validate its use in Ayurvedic practice.The subject matter has been reviewed from Ayurvedic texts, various research article published in journals and review articles on the internet. KEYWORDS Muchakunda, Pterospermum acerifolium, Phytoconstituents, Pharmacological action Greentree Group Received 20/02/18 Accepted 19/04/18 Published 10/05/18 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Mitra and Mishra 2018 Greentree Group © IJAPC Int J Ayu Pharm Chem 2018 Vol. 8 Issue 3 www.ijapc.com 114 [e ISSN 2350-0204] INTRODUCTION Muchakunda (Pterospermum acerifolium) Prativishnuk, Adhyarhi, Lakshmanav, belonging to Streculiaceae family is a Raktaprasav,Vasu . well-known medicine in Ayurvedic texts. It Hindi -Muchakunda, is also known with these synonyms such Kanakchampa,Kaniar, Katha champa. Chhatravruksha, Chitrakand Marathi - Gujarati-Muchakunda Prativishnuk,Bahupatra. The habitat for English- Bayur tree, Maple leaf Bayur this tree is eastern and south western coast tree, Dinner plate tree of India, especially Bengal, Orissa, Assam AYURVEDIC and Konkan region. The phytochemistry CLASSIFICATION2,3,4: suggests presence of volatile oil in the Bhavprakashnighantu- Pushpavarga flowers. Muchakunda has been described Kaidevanighantu- Aushadivarga as a useful plant in various disorders like Rajnighantu- Karviradivarga headache, bleeding disorders, cough, skin RASA PANCHAK : diseases, wound healers and anti- Guna-Laghu, Ruksha inflammatory. Traditionally it has been Rasa-Kashaya, Katu, Tikta described as astringent, bitter and pungent Virya -Slightly Ushna in taste, slightly hot and a little dry. Vipaka-Katu Currently a lot of experimental work has HABITAT: been done to explore the therapeutic Sub Himalayan tract and outer valleys potential of Muchakunda. from Yamuna eastwards to west Bengal, TAXONOMY: Assam, Manipur up to an altitude of 1200 Kingdom: Plantae m extending towards Bihar, Western Ghats Division: Angiospermae of Konkan and North Karnataka and Order:Malvales Andaman’s islands5. Family: Sterculiaceae BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION: Genus: Pterospermum An evergreen tree, up to 24 m in heightand Species:Aacerifolium 1 2.5 m in girth with a clean bole up to 12 m, VERNACULAR NAMES : Bark: greyishbrown, Leaves: variable in Sanskrit names-Bahupatra, size and shape 25-35 cm ×15-30 cm, entire Sudala,Harivallabha, or variously lobed, oblong, cordite or Supushpa,Kshtravruksha, Chitrak, sometimes palate. The leaves are rough ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Mitra and Mishra 2018 Greentree Group © IJAPC Int J Ayu Pharm Chem 2018 Vol. 8 Issue 3 www.ijapc.com 115 [e ISSN 2350-0204] and rubbery to limit the loss of moisture in AYURVEDIC USES OF a hot climate.(Figure 1) The bottom side of MUCHKUNDA the leaves range from a silver to rust It is used in painful and inflammatory colour and are pubescent.Flowers: Large conditions hence used in headaches. It is 12-15 cm in diameter, axillary, solitary or also hemostyptic hence used in bleeding in pairs, white, fragrant. Capsules: Oblong piles and Raktapitta. In measles a paste is 5 angled, dark brown and woody, applied to reduce the burning sensation of Seeds:Winged, brown. The tree coppices the skin. In bleeding piles flowers is given well and produces root suckers. Natural with ghee and sugar orally to reduce regeneration is by both seeds and root bleeding. It is useful in cough and sore suckers5. (Figure 2- Figure 3) throat. It can also be used as an antidote for various types of poisoning 6 (vishaghna) . Dosage: 3-6 gms Ayurvedic formulation: Himanshutaila PHYTOCHEMISTRY The alcoholic extract of flowers contain kaempferol and kaempferide-7-glucoside2. Figure 1 Muchkunda Leaf A mixture of acids like myristic, palmitic, stearic, arachidic, behenic, lignoceric, oleic, linoleic and linolenicacids. And saturated hydrocarbons were found from the light petroleum extract of the dried flowers7. The bark contains Betulin, lupeol, bauerenol, friedelin and β- Figure 2 Muchkunda Flower sitosterol. The bark also contains Kaempferol, kaempferol-3-O-galactoside, luteolin7-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-O- glucoronide, kaempferide-7-O-beta- Dglucopyranoside,D-galactouroniacid,D- galactos and L-rhamnose8,9.The seeds contain palmitic, stearic, arachidic, behenic, mystric, lignoceric, oleic, linoleic, Figure 3 Muchkunda Fruits ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Mitra and Mishra 2018 Greentree Group © IJAPC Int J Ayu Pharm Chem 2018 Vol. 8 Issue 3 www.ijapc.com 116 [e ISSN 2350-0204] linolenic acids.Trunk bark and seeds gave helped in isolation and identification of the amino acids tyrosin, cystine, glycine, two new flavones and one new lactone, 10 alanine and leucine . along with 14 other known BIOLOGICAL AND phytochemicals. The osteogenic activity PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY was studied in the primary cultures of rat Many pharmacological studies have been osteoblast which revealed a marked conducted on Pterospermum acerifolium. increase in expression of ALP and alizarin A summary of these findings by various red-S staining of osteoblasts.These new investigators is described briefly in the compounds stimulated osteoblast 12 following sections. differentiation and mineralization . ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY A study of Inhibition of α-amylase was The study was done to assess wound carried out on the ethanol extract of healing activity and effect on tumour flowers of Pterospremum acerifolium and necrosis factor α of ethanolic extract of its various fractions. The ethyl acetate Pterospermum acerifolium flowers on fraction showed significant inhibition of excision model of wound repair in Albino alpha amylase promising anti diabetic Wistar rats. The rats were divided into activity hence, it was further reduced to 3 three groups with 1 group serving as a fractions and all were screened for control with only application of petroleum antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin- jelly while the other two groups got local nicotinamide induced type II diabetes in application of petroleum jelly with 10% rats. Diabetic animals treated with fraction extract and the final was prefed with P. 2 at the dose of 30 mg/kg reduced the acerifolium extract and local application. levels of fasting blood glucose, P. acerifolium extract showed faster significantly compared to that of the wound healing activity. Also (TNF-α) control. The mode of action can be levels were higher in rats prefed with attributed to increasing the glucose usage 250mg/ kg body weight of P. acerifolium by peripheral tissues and by inhibiting extract daily for 20 days. The study gives glucose formation11. conclusive evidence of wound healing activity with suggestion of induction of OSTEOGENIC ACTIVITY TNF – α activity found in P. acerifolium The study on ethanol extracts of flower13. the Pterospermum acerifolium flowers ANTI-CANCER ACTIVITY ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Mitra and Mishra 2018 Greentree Group © IJAPC Int J Ayu Pharm Chem 2018 Vol. 8 Issue 3 www.ijapc.com 117 [e ISSN 2350-0204] Ethanol and Water extracts of extracts and different fractions like Ether, Pterospermum acerifolium showed good Choloroform, Ethyl acetate and n=Butanol antimitotic activity against meristamatic from leaves, barks and flowers cell growth. Both extracts also showed ofMuchakunda. Anthelmintic activity of good inhibition on yeast cell growth with these crude extracts and fractions were IC50 47.88 mg/ml and 39.15 mg/ml investigated against regular intestinal respectively. The mode of action of both worms like earthworms, Nematodes and extract with anti-proliferative activity was tapeworms. The reference
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pterospermum Acerifolium(L)
    Human Journals Research Article January 2019 Vol.:14, Issue:2 © All rights are reserved by Bora Biswa Jyoti et al. A Pharmacognostic and Phyto-Physicochemical Evaluation of Pterospermum acerifolium (L) Wild. Flower Keywords: Pterospermum acerifolium, ethnobotanical uses, pharmacognosy, pharmacological activities, phytochemistry. ABSTRACT Bora Biswa Jyoti*, Kotoky Jibon1 Pterospermum acerifolium (L) Wild. is usually a perennial, evergreen tree belonging to family Sterculiaceae distributed *Dept. of DG, Govt. Ayurvedic College, Guwahati throughout the world. It is found in the sub-Himalayan tract, (Assam) – India outer Himalayan valleys, and hills up to 4,000 ft., Assam, West Bengal, Khasi Hills, Manipur, Darjeeling, Odisha and extensively planted in Maharashtra state. It is commonly known 1. Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced as Bayur Tree, Dinner-plate tree, Kanak Champa or Study in Science & Technology, (Assam) India Muchukunda. It is one among widely used ethnomedicinal plants for various diseases in India. Various parts of this tree Submission: 21 December 2018 have been traditionally used for a number of disorders including Accepted: 26 December 2018 cancer. Mainly it is used for karna-shula (an earache), chechaka (smallpox), sweta-pradara (leucorrhoea), sotha (inflammation), Published: 30 January 2019 dust-vrana (ulcers), kustha (leprosy), prameha (diabetes syndrome). In view of growing popularity and global interest in Ayurveda and its drug lore. There is an imminent need for well- coordinated research touching phyto-physicochemical, pharmacological as well as clinical studies of plant drugs. It is especially necessary to satisfy the international bodies and drug www.ijppr.humanjournals.com regulatory authorities relating to standards and quality control of the drug used.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from Brill.Com10/07/2021 08:53:11AM Via Free Access 130 IAWA Journal, Vol
    IAWA Journal, Vol. 27 (2), 2006: 129–136 WOOD ANATOMY OF CRAIGIA (MALVALES) FROM SOUTHEASTERN YUNNAN, CHINA Steven R. Manchester1, Zhiduan Chen2 and Zhekun Zhou3 SUMMARY Wood anatomy of Craigia W.W. Sm. & W.E. Evans (Malvaceae s.l.), a tree endemic to China and Vietnam, is described in order to provide new characters for assessing its affinities relative to other malvalean genera. Craigia has very low-density wood, with abundant diffuse-in-aggre- gate axial parenchyma and tile cells of the Pterospermum type in the multiseriate rays. Although Craigia is distinct from Tilia by the pres- ence of tile cells, they share the feature of helically thickened vessels – supportive of the sister group status suggested for these two genera by other morphological characters and preliminary molecular data. Although Craigia is well represented in the fossil record based on fruits, we were unable to locate fossil woods corresponding in anatomy to that of the extant genus. Key words: Craigia, Tilia, Malvaceae, wood anatomy, tile cells. INTRODUCTION The genus Craigia is endemic to eastern Asia today, with two species in southern China, one of which also extends into northern Vietnam and southeastern Tibet. The genus was initially placed in Sterculiaceae (Smith & Evans 1921; Hsue 1975), then Tiliaceae (Ren 1989; Ying et al. 1993), and more recently in the broadly circumscribed Malvaceae s.l. (including Sterculiaceae, Tiliaceae, and Bombacaceae) (Judd & Manchester 1997; Alverson et al. 1999; Kubitzki & Bayer 2003). Similarities in pollen morphology and staminodes (Judd & Manchester 1997), and chloroplast gene sequence data (Alverson et al. 1999) have suggested a sister relationship to Tilia.
    [Show full text]
  • Behavior and Ecology 0 the Asiatic Elephant in Southeastern Ceylon A
    GEORGE M. McKA Behavior and Ecology 0 the Asiatic Elephant in Southeastern Ceylon A SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY NUMBER 125 SERIAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION The emphasis upon publications as a means of diffusing knowledge was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. In his formal plan for the Insti- tution, Joseph Henry articulated a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge.'* This keynote of basic research has been adhered to over the years in the issuance of thousands of titles in serial publications under the Smithsonian imprint, com- mencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Annals of Flight Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributiotis to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes original articles and monographs dealing with the research and collections of its several museums and offices and of profes- sional colleagues at other institutions of learning. These papers report newly acquired facts, synoptic interpretations of data, or original theory in specialized fields. These publications are distributed by subscription to libraries, laboratories, and other in- terested institutions and specialists throughout the world. Individual copies may be obtained from the Smithsonian Institution Press as long as stocks are available. S. DILLON RIPLEY Secretary Smithsonian Institution SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY NUMBER 125 George M.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 6 ENUMERATION
    Chapter 6 ENUMERATION . ENUMERATION The spermatophytic plants with their accepted names as per The Plant List [http://www.theplantlist.org/ ], through proper taxonomic treatments of recorded species and infra-specific taxa, collected from Gorumara National Park has been arranged in compliance with the presently accepted APG-III (Chase & Reveal, 2009) system of classification. Further, for better convenience the presentation of each species in the enumeration the genera and species under the families are arranged in alphabetical order. In case of Gymnosperms, four families with their genera and species also arranged in alphabetical order. The following sequence of enumeration is taken into consideration while enumerating each identified plants. (a) Accepted name, (b) Basionym if any, (c) Synonyms if any, (d) Homonym if any, (e) Vernacular name if any, (f) Description, (g) Flowering and fruiting periods, (h) Specimen cited, (i) Local distribution, and (j) General distribution. Each individual taxon is being treated here with the protologue at first along with the author citation and then referring the available important references for overall and/or adjacent floras and taxonomic treatments. Mentioned below is the list of important books, selected scientific journals, papers, newsletters and periodicals those have been referred during the citation of references. Chronicles of literature of reference: Names of the important books referred: Beng. Pl. : Bengal Plants En. Fl .Pl. Nepal : An Enumeration of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Fasc.Fl.India : Fascicles of Flora of India Fl.Brit.India : The Flora of British India Fl.Bhutan : Flora of Bhutan Fl.E.Him. : Flora of Eastern Himalaya Fl.India : Flora of India Fl Indi.
    [Show full text]
  • Foliar Architecture of Indian Members of the Family Sterculiaceae and Its Systematic Relevance”
    PROJECT REPORT: FINAL UGC–MRP: F. No. 40–327/2011 (SR); dt. 30th June, 2011 TITLE OF THE PROJECT “FOLIAR ARCHITECTURE OF INDIAN MEMBERS OF THE FAMILY STERCULIACEAE AND ITS SYSTEMATIC RELEVANCE” PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR DR. DEBABRATA MAITY Assistant Professor Department of Botany Taxonomy & Biosystematics Laboratory University of Calcutta 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata – 700 019 INDEX TO FIGURES FIGURE DETAILS FOLLOWED NO. PAGE NO. Fig.1 Presentation and illustration of Heritiera fomes 9 Fig.2 Presentation and illustration of Heritiera fomes continued 9 Fig.3 Transverse section of internode and node 10 Fig.4 Transverse section of petiole at different topography 10 Fig.5 Leaf shapes and major venation patterns in different members of 10 Sterculiaceae Fig.6 Types of Minor venation in different members of Sterculiaceae 11 Fig.7 Types of Margin and marginal venation in different members of 11 Sterculiaceae Fig.8 Types of vein ends in different members of Sterculiaceae 12 Fig.9 Types of trichomes, crystals and stomata in different members of 12 Sterculiaceae CONTENTS Titles Page No. 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………..... 1 2. Review of literatures…………………………………………………………...... 3 3. Objectives..…………………………………………………………..................... 5 4. Materials and Methods…………………………………………………………... 6 4.1 Materials 4.2 Methods 4.2.1 Morphology 4.2.2 Anatomy 4.2.3 Venation of lamina 4.2.4 Dermal features and inclusions 4.2.5 Morphometric analysis 4.2.6 Key to the species 8. Observations……………………………………………………………………… 9 I. Study of stem and petiole 8.1 Internodal anatomy 8.2 Nodal anatomy 8.3 Petiolar anatomy II. Study of lamina 8.4 Laminar shape 8.5 Laminar venation 8.5.1 Major venation 8.5.2 Minor venation 8.5.3 Margin and Marginal venation 8.5.4 Free vein endings 8.6 Dermal features and inclusions 8.6.1 Trichomes 8.6.2 Scales 8.6.3 Stomata 8.6.4 Crystals III.
    [Show full text]
  • Laurence J. Dorr Mac H. Alford
    THE IDENTITY AND TYPIFICATION OF VALLIERA TRIPLINERVIS (SALICACEAE) Laurence J. Dorr Mac H. Alford Department of Botany Department of Biological Sciences National Museum of Natural History, MRC-166 The University of Southern Mississippi Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012 118 College Drive, Box 5018 Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, U.S.A. Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, U.S.A. [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT The genus Valliera is reduced to synonymy under Neosprucea. Its sole species, V. triplinervis, is considered to be conspecific with N. grandi- flora. A lectotype is designated for the former species name. KEY WORDS: Neosprucea, Salicaceae, South America, Valliera RESUMEN El género Valliera se reduce a sinonimia bajo Neosprucea. Su única especie, V. triplinervis, se considera conespecífica con N. grandifolia. Se designa un lectotipo para el nombre de la especie anterior. PALABRAS CLAVES: Neosprucea, Salicaceae, South America, Valliera The monotypic genus Valliera Ruiz & Pav. was published posthumously in the fifth volume of theFlora Peruviana, et Chilensis (Ruiz & Pavon 1958, 1959), the original 19th century manuscript resurrected by Alvarez López who also provided brief introductory notes. The authors of the generic name were not explicit about its family placement; they included it in “Polyandria Monogynia” and inserted it between descriptions of species of Marcgraviaceae and Muntingiaceae. Original material (MA [MA815601], see JSTOR-Plants 2018; P [P06822531], see MNHN 2018) is annotated “Muntingia accedens,” which indicates that Ruiz and Pavon recognized a similarity to Muntingia L. (Muntingiaceae). Valliera was assigned to Tiliaceae in Index Kewensis (Taylor 1966), and this is where it is placed in several other indices (Farr et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic Update and Habitat Status to Byttneria Herbacea from Peninsular India
    Advances in Zoology and Botany 8(4): 326-333, 2020 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/azb.2020.080404 Taxonomic Update and Habitat Status to Byttneria herbacea from Peninsular India Subhash R. Somkuwar Department of Botany, Dr. Ambedkar College, Deekshabhoomi Nagpur (M.S.), India Received March 31, 2020; Revised April 29, 2020; Accepted May 27, 2020 Copyright©2020 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License Abstract Byttneria herbacea is a threatened and Byttner (1724-1768), a physician and botanist at the endemic species to Indian Peninsular region. It was earlier University of Gottingen, Germany [1]. Byttneria Roxb. placed in Sterculiaceae and then a separate family was first placed in Sterculiaceae, then a separate family Byttneriaceae. As per APG classification, it is now treated Byttneriaceae. As per Angiosperm Phylogeny in family Malvaceae. Endemic taxa are usually more Group-APG-IV [2] classification Byttneria is now vulnerable to anthropogenic threats, natural and climate included in the family Malvaceae of Malvales clade. The changes, and therefore hold a higher extinction risk. Malvales clade also includes Malvaceae, Tiliaceae, Taxonomic study on endemic taxa improves a basic Bombacaceae, Bixaceae, Cistaceae, Cochlospermaceae, understanding for correct identification and description. Diegodendraceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Mutingiaceae, Habitat and distribution study are essential to get specific Neuradaceae, Sarcolaenaceae and Thymelaeaceae [2-4]. information and interpretation on current status and Finding of Judd and Manchester [5], Alverson, et al., [6] population dynamics of the taxon including niche and Bayer, et al., [4] has led to the proposal to combine requirements.
    [Show full text]
  • Floristic and Phytoclimatic Study of an Indigenous Small Scale Natural Landscape Vegetation of Jhargram District, West Bengal, India
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.31357/jtfe.v10i1.4686 Sen and Bhakat/ Journal of Tropical Forestry and Environment Vol. 10 No. 01 (2020) 17-39 Floristic and Phytoclimatic Study of an Indigenous Small Scale Natural Landscape Vegetation of Jhargram District, West Bengal, India U.K. Sen* and R.K. Bhakat Ecology and Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Botany and Forestry, Vidyasagar University, West Bengal, India Date Received: 29-09-2019 Date Accepted: 28-06-2020 Abstract Sacred groves are distinctive examples of biotic components as genetic resources being preserved in situ and serve as secure heavens for many endangered and endemic taxa. From this point of view, the biological spectrum, leaf spectrum and conservation status of the current sacred grove vegetation, SBT (Swarga Bauri Than) in Jhargram district of West Bengal, India, have been studied. The area's floristic study revealed that SBT‟s angiosperms were varied and consisted of 307 species belonging to 249 genera, distributed under 79 families of 36 orders as per APG IV. Fabales (12.05%) and Fabaceae (11.73%) are the dominant order and family in terms of species wealth. Biological spectrum indicates that the region enjoys “thero-chamae-cryptophytic” type of phytoclimate. With respect to the spectrum of the leaf size, mesophyll (14.05%) was found to be high followed by notophyll (7.84%), microphyll (7.19%), macrophyll (7.84%), nanophyll (6.86%), leptophyll (6.21%), and megaphyll (2.29%). The study area, being a sacred grove, it has a comparatively undisturbed status, and the protection of germplasm in the grove is based on traditional belief in the social system.
    [Show full text]
  • China: a Rich Flora Needed of Urgent Conservationprovided by Digital.CSIC
    Orsis 19, 2004 49-89 View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE China: a rich flora needed of urgent conservationprovided by Digital.CSIC López-Pujol, Jordi GReB, Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Author for correspondence (E-mail: [email protected]) Zhao, A-Man Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, The People’s Republic of China. Manuscript received in april 2004 Abstract China is one of the richest countries in plant biodiversity in the world. Besides to a rich flora, which contains about 33 000 vascular plants (being 30 000 of these angiosperms, 250 gymnosperms, and 2 600 pteridophytes), there is a extraordinary ecosystem diversity. In addition, China also contains a large pool of both wild and cultivated germplasm; one of the eight original centers of crop plants in the world was located there. China is also con- sidered one of the main centers of origin and diversification for seed plants on Earth, and it is specially profuse in phylogenetically primitive taxa and/or paleoendemics due to the glaciation refuge role played by this area in the Quaternary. The collision of Indian sub- continent enriched significantly the Chinese flora and produced the formation of many neoen- demisms. However, the distribution of the flora is uneven, and some local floristic hotspots can be found across China, such as Yunnan, Sichuan and Taiwan. Unfortunately, threats to this biodiversity are huge and have increased substantially in the last 50 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Pterospermum Acerifolium Linn
    Available online on www.ijppr.com International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research 2019; 11(3);135-138 doi: 10.25258/phyto.11.3.7 ISSN: 0975-4873 Research Article Pterospermum acerifolium Linn. : A Comprehensive Review with Phytochemical and Pharmacological Investigation Neetu Deshwal1*, Saurabh Sharma2 1Department of Pharmaceutical sciences, CT University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India 2Pharmaceutical and health care sciences department, CT University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India Received: 8th May, 19; Revised 28th May, 19; Accepted 10th Jun, 19; Available Online:25th Jun, 19 ABSTRACT Pterospermum acerifolium (Sterculiaceae) is an herb distributed throughout the world. Plant is commonly known as Kanakchampa, Karnikara, Muchukunda and Matsakanda. The leaves of the plant are widely used for the treatment of diabetes and as a haemostatic in Indian proprietary medicines. The plant is documented to possess beneficial effects as antioxidant, antiulcer, anti inflammatory, analgesic, hypoglycaemic, immunosuppressive, wound healing, hepatoprotective, antihelmentic, antimitotic and anticancer activity. It is believed to be used in inflammation, abdominal pain, ascites, cures ulcers, leprosy, constipation, urinary discharges and tumours. The present review is an attempt to highlight the various ethnobotanical and traditional uses as well as phytochemical and pharmacological reports on Pterospermum acerifolium. Keywords: Pterospermum acerifolium, ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities. INTRODUCTION of moisture in a hot climate. The bottom side of the leaves Traditional systems of medicine provide an extremely vast range from a silver to rust color and are pubescent. Leaves body of source material for the development of new drugs have a peltate blade base, meaning the insertion of the and natural products which have become increasingly petiole is at the center of the leaf 10-12 important as sources of pharmacotherapeutics1-2.
    [Show full text]
  • New Species of Striatoppia Balogh, 1958 (Acari: Oribatida) from Lakshadweep, India
    SANYAL and BASU: New species of Striatoppia Balogh, 1958.....from Lakshadweep, India ISSN 0375-1511361 Rec. zool. Surv. India : 114(Part-3) : 361-364, 2014 NEW SPECIES OF STRIATOPPIA BALOGH, 1958 (ACARI: ORIBATIDA) FROM LAKSHADWEEP, INDIA A. K. SANYAL AND PARAMITA BASU Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700053 [email protected], [email protected] INTRODUCTION toward pseudostigmta. 1 pair well developed, branched costular portion, unconnected with Lakshadweep, one of the smallest Union lamellar costulae, situated in the interbothridial Territories of India, consists of 12 atolls, three reefs region enclosing 4 large foveolae. Interlamellar and fi ve submerged banks and 10 of its 36 Islands setae, originate from costular ridge, appear as (area 32 sq.km.) are inhabited. Though the islands hardly discernible stumps. Lamellar setae barbed, are unique in their ecosystem, no extensive faunal phylliform and originate from the inner wall of survey has yet been undertaken. Considering the lamellae. Granulation present in the interbothridial fact, a survey was undertaken in Agatti Island, region, translamellar region and in the prolamellae. Lakshadweep for short duration and collected Granules in the interlamellar region being insects and mites. The study of soil inhabiting elongated. Sensillus pro- to exclinate, its widened acarines revealed 10 species of oribatid mites outer boarder densely ciliated. Lateral longitudinal including one new species of the genus Striatoppia ridges of prodorsum well developed. Balogh, 1958 which is described here. Notogaster: Anterior margin of notogaster Out of 24 species of the genus Striatoppia narrowed and medially pointed. Notogaster only Balogh, 1958 (Subias, 2009; Murvanidze and with 4 to 5 pairs of longitudinal striations which Behan-Pelletier, 2011), 6 were recorded previously extending from anterior margin to one third from India (3 species from West Bengal and 3 length of notogaster i.e upto setae te and ti.
    [Show full text]
  • Larval Host Plants of the Butterflies of the Western Ghats, India
    OPEN ACCESS The Journal of Threatened Taxa is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use of artcles in any medium, reproducton, and distributon by providing adequate credit to the authors and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Monograph Larval host plants of the butterflies of the Western Ghats, India Ravikanthachari Nitn, V.C. Balakrishnan, Paresh V. Churi, S. Kalesh, Satya Prakash & Krushnamegh Kunte 10 April 2018 | Vol. 10 | No. 4 | Pages: 11495–11550 10.11609/jot.3104.10.4.11495-11550 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies and Guidelines visit htp://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines visit htp://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct visit htp://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints contact <[email protected]> Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 10 April 2018 | 10(4): 11495–11550 Larval host plants of the butterflies of the Western Ghats, Monograph India Ravikanthachari Nitn 1, V.C. Balakrishnan 2, Paresh V. Churi 3,
    [Show full text]