DOCSLIB.ORG

Geomod2004.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Geomod2004.Pdf Vol. 45 - N. 1 SUPPLEMENT Bollettino di Geofisica teorica ed applicata An International Journal of Earth Sciences Guest Editors: G. Bertotti, S. Buiter, P. Ruffo and G. Schreurs From Mountains to Sedimentary Basins: Modelling and Testing Geological Processes Extended Abstracts of the GeoMod2004 International Conference Emmetten – Lake Lucerne Switzerland 9-11 June 2004 Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia ISSN 0006-6729 e di Geofisica Sperimentale Responsibility for all statements made in B.G.T.A. lies with the authors Cover design and typesetting: Nino Bon Studio Grafico – Trieste Printing: Stella Artigrafiche – Trieste Authorized by the Tribunale di Trieste, n. 242, September 17, 1960 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE From Mountains to Sedimentary Basins: Modelling and Testing Geological Processes 9-11 June 2004 Emmetten – Lake Lucerne Switzerland EXTENDED ABSTRACTS GEOMOD2004 9-11 JUNE 2004 – EMMETTEN - LAKE LUCERNE SPONSORS ENI E&P Division EAGE-SEG Italian Section Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam University of Bern Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada IASPEI - International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth’s Interior IFP - Institut Français du Pétrole ISES - Netherlands Research Centre for Integrated Solid Earth Sciences Max und Elsa Beer-Brawand-Fonds (Bern, Switzerland) SANW - Swiss Academy of Sciences SNF - Swiss National Science Foundation 4 GEOMOD2004 9-11 JUNE 2004 – EMMETTEN - LAKE LUCERNE SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ATILLA AYDIN - Stanford University, USA JEAN BRAUN - ANU, Canberra, Australia JEAN-PIERRE BRUN - Géosciences Rennes, France ROGER BUCK - Lamont-Doherty, Palisades, USA BERNARD COLLETTA - IFP, Rueil Malmaison, France STEPHAN DUPPENBECKER - BP Exploration, Sunbury-on-Thames, UK CLAUDIO FACCENNA - Università Roma Tre, Italy ONNO ONCKEN - GFZ, Potsdam, Germany ADRIAN PFIFFNER - University of Bern, Switzerland ORGANIZING COMMITTEE GIOVANNI BERTOTTI - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands SUSANNE BUITER - Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada PAOLO RUFFO - Eni E&P Division, Milan, Italy GUIDO SCHREURS - University of Bern, Switzerland CONFERENCE SECRETARIAT ANGELA MARCHETTO - EAGE-SEG Italian Section 5 CONTENTS Session 1 - Surface Processes LANDSCAPE, STRUCTURE AND NEOTECTONICS IN THE SWISS AND FRENCH PREALPES KLIPPEN BELT . .1-01 C. Bonnet, J. Mosar MORPHOLOGY AND STRUCTURE OF ACTIVE THRUST FAULT SURFACE RUPTURES: ANALOGUE MODELING . .1-02 C. Bonnet, J. Malavieille, S. Dominguez, H. Philip RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN UPLIFT, EROSION AND SEDIMENT FLUX: INSIGHTS FROM EXPERIMENTAL MODELING . .1-03 S. Bonnet, A. Crave, J. Babault RECENT ADVANCES AND CURRENT PROBLEMS IN MODELLING SURFACE PROCESSES AND THEIR INTERACTION WITH TECTONICS AND CRUSTAL DEFORMATION . .1-04 J. Braun COMPLEX FAULTING SEQUENCES CONTROLLED BY DYNAMIC TOPOGRAPHY IN 3D EXPERIMENTAL DEFORMATION OF DOUBLY-VERGENT COULOMB WEDGES. .1-05 M. Del Castello, K.R. McClay, G.A. Pini EVALUATION OF RECENT COLLISION-RELATED TECTONIC PUSH IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN-CAUCASUS ZONE: FEM MODELLING APPROACH . .1-06 M. Jarosin´ ski EROSION AND EXHUMATION IN ACCRETIONARY OROGENS: EXPERIMENTAL AND GEOLOGICAL APPROACHES . .1-07 E. Konstantinovskaia, J. Malavieille UNDERSTANDING AND ANALYZING LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC VARIABILITY TO FORECAST RESERVOIR POTENTIAL . .1-08 M. Perlmutter NUMERICAL MODELLING OF DYNAMIC INTERACTIONS BETWEEN EROSION, DEPOSITION AND 3-D (THIN PLATE) DEFORMATION . .1-09 G.D.H. Simpson THE IMPACT OF CURVILINEAR HINGE SECTORS ON GROWTH STRATA PATTERNS IN CONTRACTIONAL FAULT-BEND AND FAULT-PROPAGATION FOLDING . .1-10 S. Tavani, F. Storti, F. Salvini MODELING INTERACTIONS BETWEEN EROSION AND TECTONICS IN THREE-DIMENSIONS – EXAMPLES FROM NEW ZEALAND AND TAIWAN . .1-11 P. Upton, P.O. Koons, K. Mueller, Y. Chen Session 2 - Orogenesis WHAT CONTROLS THE MODES OF TECTONIC SHORTENING IN CENTRAL ANDES? . .2-01 A. Babeyko, S. Sobolev COMBINING TECTONIC SHORTENING AND SURFACE EROSION . .2-02 A. Babeyko, T. Vietor, S. Sobolev EFFECT OF HORMUZ SALT ON DEFORMATION STYLE OF ZAGROS FOLD-THRUST BELT . .2-03 A. Bahroudi, H.A. Koyi SUBDUCTION AND PLATE MOTION IN LABORATORY . .2-04 N. Bellahsen, C. Faccenna, F. Funiciello COMPRESSIVE DEFORMATIONS OF HOT ANALOGUE LITHOSPHERES AND POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS TO PRECAMBRIAN TECTONICS . .2-05 F. Cagnard, J.P. Brun, D. Gapais 7 CONTENTS THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRAIN PARTITIONING IN ANALOGUE VERSUS NUMERICAL MODELS OF CONVERGENT OROGENS . .2-06 A.R. Cruden, M.B. Nasseri, R. Pysklywec 2.5 D THIN-SHELL GRAVITATIONAL MODELING IN THE WESTERN/CENTRAL ALPS: COMPARISON WITH SEISMOTECTONIC SYNTHESIS . .2-07 B. Delacou, C. Sue, J.D. Champagnac, M. Burkhard, C. Allanic, N. Béthoux SOME KEY INGREDIENTS FOR SIMULATION OF OROGENIC PROCESSES AT GEOLOGICAL AND SEISMIC TIMESCALES . .2-08 S. Ellis, G. Schreurs, B. Stöckhert NUMERICAL MODELING OF EXHUMATION FLOWS AND P-T PATHS IN SUBDUCTION ZONES . .2-09 T.V. Gerya THE SEISMIC POTENTIAL OF THE INSUBRIA REGION (SOUTHERN ALPS): INSIGHTS FROM TOPOGRAPHIC AND RHEOLOGICAL MODELING . .2-10 F. Giardina, A.M. Michetti, L. Serva, C. Doglioni FINITE-ELEMENT MODELS OF SUBDUCTION AND MOUNTAIN BUILDING PROCESSES: CONCEPTS AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS . .2-11 A. Hampel, A. Pfiffner PHASE DEPENDENT STRAIN PARTITIONING IN OBLIQUELY CONVERGENT SETTINGS . .2-12 A. Hoffmann-Rothe, N. Kukowski, O. Oncken LITHOSPHERIC INSTABILITIES AND THE CENTRAL ANDEAN OROGENESIS . .2-13 L. Husson, Y. Ricard MODELLING THE DEFORMATION FRONT OF FOLD-THRUST BELTS CONTAINING MULTIPLE WEAK HORIZONS . .2-14 H.A. Koyi, M. Sans, A. Bahroudi MATERIAL AND FLUID FLUX AT CONVERGENT MARGINS: WHAT ENDS UP IN THE FOREARC? . .2-15 N. Kukowski COMPLICATED FOLDING AND 3D-MODELING OF PRECAMBRIAN FORMATIONS . .2-16 E. Laine WHICH PARAMETERS CONTROL KINEMATICS AND MASS TRANSFER WITHIN SUBDUCTION CHANNELS? . .2-17 J. Lohrmann, N. Kukowski, C.M. Krawczyk, O. Oncken TESTING THE MINIMUM DISSIPATION THEORY IN SAND-BOX EXPERIMENTS . .2-18 B. Maillot, H.A. Koyi NUMERICAL MODELLING OF ASYMMETRIC SINGLE- AND MULTI-LAYER FOLDS . .2-19 N. Mancktelow STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF FOLD-THRUST STRUCTURES DEVELOPED IN ANALOG (CENTRIFUGE) MODELS . .2-20 T.E. Noble, J.M. Dixon CRUSTAL SCALE BUCKLING IN THE PRESENCE OF THERMAL ANOMALIES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE ARCHEAN . .2-21 A.P. Peschler, K. Benn, W.R. Roest INTERPRETING STAGE WARPING EVENTS USING 3D SIMULATION: AN EXAMPLE FROM THE PLATTENGNEIS SHEAR ZONE, EASTERN ALPS . .2-22 M. Putz, K. Stüwe, M. Jessell, P. Calcagno ANALOGUE EXPERIMENTS OF INDENTATION TECTONICS AND BREAK-OFF: INSIGHT TO ARABIA INDENTATION . .2-23 V. Regard, C. Faccenna, J. Martinod, O. Bellier 8 CONTENTS THE ROLE OF INDENTER RHEOLOGY DURING CONTINENTAL COLLISION: CONCEPTS AND APPLICATION TO THE EASTERN ALPS . .2-24 J.C. Robl, K. Stüwe COEVAL SHORTENING, THICKENING AND OROGEN-PARALLEL EXTENSION: LABORATORY MODELS APPLIED TO THE EASTERN ALPS . .2-25 C.L. Rosenberg, J.P. Brun, F. Cagnard, D. Gapais DEFORMATION OF UNCONFORMABLE SEQUENCES: A FIELD CASE STUDY AND PRELIMINARY ANALOGUE MODELLING . .2-26 E. Saura, H.A. Koyi, A. Teixell GROWTH OF AN OROGENIC WEDGE BY FRONTAL ACCRETION: FIRST RESULTS OF A NUMERICAL MODEL STUDY . .2-27 C. Selzer, S. Buiter, A. Hampel, A. Pfiffner MODELING SUBDUCTION OROGENY IN THE CENTRAL ANDES . .2-28 S. Sobolev, A. Babeyko GEOMETRICAL MODELLING OF COMPRESSIONAL ANALOGUE SANDBOX EXPERIMENTS: WHAT THE DIFFERENCES MEAN . .2-29 D.C. Tanner, J. Adam NUMERICAL AND ANALOGUE MODELLING OF METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT . .2-30 C. Tirel, J-P. Brun, E. Burov, D. Sokoutis OBLIQUE RAMPS AFFECTING THE NORTHERN APENNINE FRONT: INSIGHTS FROM SEISMIC DATA AND ANALOGUE MODELS . .2-31 G. Toscani, A. Ravaglia, S. Seno INFLUENCE OF THE INITIAL GEOMETRY OF LATERAL STRENGTH VARIATIONS DURING CONTINENTAL CONVERGENCE: AN ANALOGUE MODELLING STUDY . .2-32 E. Willingshofer, D. Sokoutis, J-P. Burg ANALOGUE AND DIGITAL MODELLING OF ACCRETIONARY PRISMS WITH GRANULAR MATERIALS . .2-33 Y. Yamada, S. Ueda, K. Kaneda, K. Baba, T. Matsuoka VELOCITY AND STRESS DISTRIBUTIONS DURING CONTINENTAL COLLISION; INSIGHTS FROM DISCRETE ELEMENT SIMULATIONS . .2-34 Y. Yamada, A. Tanaka, T. Matsuoka Session 3 - Sedimentary Basins A 3D IMAGE OF THE VENETIAN FORELAND BASIN (NE ITALY) THROUGH A 2D (PLANFORM) ANALYSIS. .3-01 C. Barbieri, D. Garcia-Castellanos RELATING VERTICAL MOVEMENTS AND STRESS/STRAIN FIELDS IN SEDIMENTARY BASINS AND ADJACENT OROGENS FOLLOWING THE MAIN STAGES OF CONTRACTION: MODELLING AND REALITY OF LITHOSPHERIC/CRUSTAL BUCKLING . .3-02 G. Bertotti FORMATION OF EXTENSIONAL SEDIMENTARY BASINS: THE ROLE OF SURFACE PROCESSES IN MODE SELECTION . .3-03 S.J.H. Buiter, R.S. Huismans, C. Beaumont PASSIVE EXTENSION IN SALT-BEARING PASSIVE MARGINS: NEW INSIGHTS BY ANALOGUE MODELING . .3-04 E. Costa, C. Cavozzi, N. Doglioni FOUR-DIMENSIONAL MODELLING OF SEDIMENTARY BASIN ARCHITECTURE AND HYDROCARBON MIGRATION . .3-05 S.M. Clarke, S.D. Burley, G.D. Williams, A.J. Richards, D.J. Merredith 9 CONTENTS LITHOSPHERIC MEMORY, STATE OF STRESS AND RHEOLOGY: NEO-TECTONIC CONTROLS ON EUROPE’S CONTINENTAL TOPOGRAPHY AND SEDIMENTARY BASINS . .3-06 S. Cloetingh, F. Beekman, P. Andriessen, G. Bada, L. Matenco, P. Ziegler, D. Garcia-Castellanos, D. Sokoutis, N. Hardebol, P. Dezes CENTRIFUGE MODELLING OF PERIODIC INSTABILITIES DURING CONTINENTAL EXTENSION . .3-07 G. Corti INTERACTION BETWEEN NORMAL FAULTS AND PRE-EXISTING THRUST SYSTEMS IN LABORATORY PHISICAL MODELS . .3-08 S. Lucia, G. Corti, M. Bonini, F. Sani, F. Mazzarini USE OF STRATIGRAPHIC MODELLING IN SEDIMENTARY BASINS . .3-09 D. Granjeon, J.-M. Daniel THE ROLE OF STRESS ORIENTATION ON FAULT REACTIVATION: AN ANALOGUE MODELLING
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tectonic Control on 10Be-Derived Erosion Rates in the Garhwal Himalaya, India Dirk Scherler,1,2 Bodo Bookhagen,3 and Manfred R
    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH: EARTH SURFACE, VOL. 119, 1–23, doi:10.1002/2013JF002955, 2014 Tectonic control on 10Be-derived erosion rates in the Garhwal Himalaya, India Dirk Scherler,1,2 Bodo Bookhagen,3 and Manfred R. Strecker 1 Received 28 August 2013; revised 13 November 2013; accepted 26 November 2013. [1] Erosion in the Himalaya is responsible for one of the greatest mass redistributions on Earth and has fueled models of feedback loops between climate and tectonics. Although the general trends of erosion across the Himalaya are reasonably well known, the relative importance of factors controlling erosion is less well constrained. Here we present 25 10Be-derived catchment-averaged erosion rates from the Yamuna catchment in the Garhwal Himalaya, 1 northern India. Tributary erosion rates range between ~0.1 and 0.5 mm yrÀ in the Lesser 1 Himalaya and ~1 and 2 mm yrÀ in the High Himalaya, despite uniform hillslope angles. The erosion-rate data correlate with catchment-averaged values of 5 km radius relief, channel steepness indices, and specific stream power but to varying degrees of nonlinearity. Similar nonlinear relationships and coefficients of determination suggest that topographic steepness is the major control on the spatial variability of erosion and that twofold to threefold differences in annual runoff are of minor importance in this area. Instead, the spatial distribution of erosion in the study area is consistent with a tectonic model in which the rock uplift pattern is largely controlled by the shortening rate and the geometry of the Main Himalayan Thrust fault (MHT). Our data support a shallow dip of the MHT underneath the Lesser Himalaya, followed by a midcrustal ramp underneath the High Himalaya, as indicated by geophysical data.
    [Show full text]
  • Channel Morphology and Bedrock River Incision: Theory, Experiments, and Application to the Eastern Himalaya
    Channel morphology and bedrock river incision: Theory, experiments, and application to the eastern Himalaya Noah J. Finnegan A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2007 Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Department of Earth and Space Sciences University of Washington Graduate School This is to certify that I have examined this copy of a doctoral dissertation by Noah J. Finnegan and have found that it is complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the final examining committee have been made. Co-Chairs of the Supervisory Committee: ___________________________________________________________ Bernard Hallet ___________________________________________________________ David R. Montgomery Reading Committee: ____________________________________________________________ Bernard Hallet ____________________________________________________________ David R. Montgomery ____________________________________________________________ Gerard Roe Date:________________________ In presenting this dissertation in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the doctoral degree at the University of Washington, I agree that the Library shall make its copies freely available for inspection. I further agree that extensive copying of the dissertation is allowable only for scholarly purposes, consistent with “fair use” as prescribed in the U.S. Copyright Law. Requests for copying or reproduction of this dissertation may be referred
    [Show full text]
  • Taters Versus Sliders: Evidence for A
    Member Recognition Issue VOL. 31, NO. 7 | J U LY 2 021 ’Taters versus Sliders: Evidence for a Long-Lived History of Strike-Slip Displacement along the Canadian Arctic Transform System (CATS) EXPAND YOUR LIBRARY with GSA E-books The GSA Store offers hundreds of e-books, most of which are only $9.99. These include: • popular field guides and maps; Special Paper 413 • out-of-print books on prominent topics; and Earth and • discontinued series, such as Engineering How GeologistsMind: Think Geology Case Histories, Reviews in and Learn about the Earth Engineering Geology, and the Decade of North American Geology. Each book is available as a PDF, including plates and supplemental material. Popular topics include ophiolites, the Hell Creek Formation, mass extinctions, and plates and plumes. edited by Cathryn A. Manduca and David W. Mogk Shop now at https://rock.geosociety.org/store/. JULY 2021 | VOLUME 31, NUMBER 7 SCIENCE 4 ’Taters versus Sliders: Evidence for a Long- Lived History of Strike Slip Displacement along the Canadian Arctic Transform System (CATS) GSA TODAY (ISSN 1052-5173 USPS 0456-530) prints news and information for more than 22,000 GSA member readers William C. McClelland et al. and subscribing libraries, with 11 monthly issues (March- April is a combined issue). GSA TODAY is published by The Geological Society of America® Inc. (GSA) with offices at Cover: Geologists studying structures along the Petersen Bay 3300 Penrose Place, Boulder, Colorado, USA, and a mail- fault, a segment of the Canadian Arctic transform system (CATS), ing address of P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate, Tectonics, and the Morphology of the Andes
    Climate, tectonics, and the morphology of the Andes David R. Montgomery Greg Balco Sean D. Willett Department of Geological Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-1310, USA ABSTRACT Large-scale topographic analyses show that hemisphere-scale climate variations are a ®rst-order control on the morphology of the Andes. Zonal atmospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere creates strong latitudinal precipitation gradients that, when incor- porated in a generalized index of erosion intensity, predict strong gradients in erosion rates both along and across the Andes. Cross-range asymmetry, width, hypsometry, and maximum elevation re¯ect gradients in both the erosion index and the relative dominance of ¯uvial, glacial, and tectonic processes, and show that major morphologic features cor- relate with climatic regimes. Latitudinal gradients in inferred crustal thickening and struc- tural shortening correspond to variations in predicted erosion potential, indicating that, like tectonics, nonuniform erosion due to large-scale climate patterns is a ®rst-order con- trol on the topographic evolution of the Andes. Keywords: geomorphology, erosion, tectonics, climate, Andes. INTRODUCTION we argue for the ®rst-order importance of earthquake cycle. Some studies have attribut- The presence or absence of mountain rang- large-scale climate zonations and resulting dif- ed local variations in structural, metamorphic, es at the global scale is determined by the lo- ferences in geomorphic processes to the mor- and geomorphic characteristics of the central cation and type of plate boundaries. Other fac- phology of mountain ranges. Andes to erosion (Gephart, 1994; Masek et al., tors become important in the evolution of 1994; Horton, 1999), but none has considered individual mountain systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Extension Rates Impact on Endorheic Drainage Longevity and Regional Sediment Discharge
    Extension rates impact on endorheic drainage longevity and regional sediment discharge Michael A. Berry1 Jolante van Wijk1, Daniel García-Castellanos2, Daniel Cadol1, Erica Emry1 1- New Mexico Tech; Socorro, NM 2- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra Jaume Almera (ICTJA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain Tectonic and climate drivers exert co-equal forces on the evolution of tectonic sedimen- tary basins. The Rio Grande rift and its drainages provide a backdrop for discussing which drivers drive the transition from endorheic or closed drainage basins to exorheic or open, through-going drainage basins, with both climatic and tectonic drivers being pro- posed by researchers. With a dearth of regional scale extensional landscape modeling studies to draw from, we explore the impact of tectonic extension on endorheic-exorheic transitions and regional sediment and water discharge in both a “dry” and “wet” runoff regimes. We show that holding climate-induced runoff constant, that greater extensional rates correspond to a longer period of sedimentation capture, tectonically induced gradi- ents significantly increases sedimentation long after tectonic activity has terminated, and that developing an endorheic basin is very difficult in high runoff regimes. Implementation of FastScape into reusable software components Benoît Bovy (1) and Jean Braun (1) (1) GFZ Potsdam, Germany We present ongoing work on the development of open-source software around FastScape, a name used to designate a set of efficient algorithms for solving common problems in landscape evolution modelling. The software suite is divided into components that can be reused in many different contexts including experi- mentation, model coupling and direct integration within various scientific software ecosystems.
    [Show full text]
  • September Gsat 03
    AL SOCIET IC Y G O O F L A O M E E G R I E C H A T GROUNDWORK Furthering the Influence of Earth Science The state of interactions among tectonics, erosion, and climate: A polemic Peter Molnar, Dept. of Geological Sciences, Cooperative what “controlled” the change in those quantities, or what Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), “drove” them. The occurrence of change, external to “equation University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0399, (1),” transforms questions that concern drivers or controls from USA; [email protected] being ill posed to well posed. In the earth sciences, perhaps no concept illustrates better a state of quasi-equilibrium than isostasy. Isostasy is not a pro- Since Dahlen and Suppe (1988) showed that erosion can cess; it exists. On short time scales (thousands of years), vis- affect the tectonics of the region undergoing that erosion, cous deformation can retard the inexorable trend toward geodynamicists, tectonic geologists, and geomorphologists isostatic equilibrium, as is illustrated well by the rebound fol- have joined in an effort to unravel the interrelationships lowing the melting of Pleistocene ice sheets. Thus, on such among not only erosion and tectonics but also climate, which time scales, one might understand pressure differences in the affects erosion and is affected by tectonics. The fruits of this asthenosphere as “driving” the overlying lithosphere and sur- effort grow continually, as shown in part by the attraction that faces of Canada or Fennoscandia upward. On longer geologic this subject has for students and young scientists. Yet, it seems time scales, however, isostasy is maintained as a state of equi- to me that progress has been limited by a misconception that librium; like the perfect gas law, “isostasy,” therefore, does not has stimulated this polemic.
    [Show full text]
  • Uplift and Erosion of the San Bernardino
    TECTONICS, VOL. 17, NO.3, PAGES, 360-378 JUNE 1998 Uplift and erosion of the San Bernardino Mountains associated with transpression along the San Andreas fault, California, as constrained by radiogenic helium thermochronometry James A. Spotila, Kenneth A. Farley, and Kerry Sieh Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena Abstract. Apatite helium thermochronometry provides 1. Introduction new constraints on the tectonic history of a recently The San Bernardino Mountains (SBMs) have risen uplifted crystalline mass adjacent to the San Andreas fault. during the past few Myr in association with transpression By documenting aspects of the low-temperature (40°- along the San Andreas fault zone in southern California 100°C) thermal history of the tectonic blocks of the San [cf. Dibblee, 1975; Sadler, 1982a; Meisling and Weldon, Bernardino Mountains in southern California, we have 1989]. The complex evolution of this convergent stretch placed new constraints on the magnitude and timing of of the San Andreas system and the relationship between uplift. Old helium ages (64-21 Ma) from the large Big transpression and orogeny along it are not fully understood Bear plateau predate the recent uplift of the range and show [Matti and Morton, 1993; Weldon eta/., 1993; Dibblee, that only several kilometers of exhumation has taken place 1982]. At first glance, the SBMs appear to be a single since the Late Cretaceous period. These ages imply that structural entity because of their discrete geographic form the surface of the plateau may have been exposed in the (Plate 1). However, the range actually consists of several late Miocene and was uplifted only -1 km above the distinct, fault-bounded blocks that diminish in size and Mojave Desert in the last few Myr by thrusting on the become more structurally complex toward the San Andreas north and south.
    [Show full text]
  • Rivers and Riverine Landscapes 3 4 David R
    1 2 Rivers and riverine landscapes 3 4 David R. Montgomery1 and Ellen E. Wohl2 5 6 1 Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 7 2 Department of Earth Resources, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, USA 8 9 10 11 Introduction Types of Channels 12 13 The study of fluvial processes and sediment transport has Recognition that there are different types of river and stream 14 a long history (e.g. Chezy,´ 1775; du Boys, 1879; Manning, channels is nothing new. In a paper based on his experiences 15 1891; Shields, 1936) before groundbreaking studies in the with the U.S. Exploring Expedition from 1838 to 1842, J.D. 16 1950s and 1960s established fundamental empirical aspects Dana discussed fundamental differences between mountain 17 of hydraulic geometry and advanced understanding of the channels and lowland rivers on islands of the South Pacific 18 general processes governing river morphology and dynamics. (Dana, 1850). Similarly, large differences in river patterns 19 Over the last 40 years fluvial geomorphology has grown from (e.g. braided, meandering, and straight) have been recognized 20 a focus primarily on studies of the mechanics and patterns of and studied for decades. Although many fundamental aspects 21 alluvial rivers to an expanded interest in mountain channels, of river processes have been applied in the study of rivers 22 the role of rivers in landscape evolution and as a geological worldwide, researchers have increasingly recognized that 23 force, and the relation of fluvial processes to aquatic and ripar- rivers also have distinctly regional character (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Upper Lake – Nice Area Plan
    DRAFT Upper Lake – Nice Area Plan County of Lake - California DRAFT Acknowledgements Lake County Board of Supervisors R. W. Bill Merriman Chairman, District V Ed Robey Vice-Chairman, District I Karan Mackey District IV Gary Lewis District III Jeff Smith District II Planning Commission Gil Schoux Chairman, District V Peggy McCloud District IV Oliver Wright District III Gary Briggs District II Frieda Camotta District I Lake County Community Development Department Daniel Obermeyer Community Development Director Richard Coel Associate Planner, Project Coordinator Lon Sharp GIS Specialist With the assistance of the Upper Lake - Nice Area Planning Advisory Committee: Louise Talley, Chair John Hancock Marvin Butler, Vice Chairman Eric Hicks Tom Carlton Margie Levandowski Donald Clay Merl Miller Judy Cox May Noble Morrell Fitch Tony Oliveira Byron Green Robert Quitiquit Deborah Hablitzel John Ryan Graphic Credits: All graphics and Maps produced by Lon Sharp. Cover photo obtained from the Lake County Museum. All other photos by Richard Coel ULNAP/Executive Summary/Draft i DRAFT Table of Contents 1.0 Executive Summary.................................................................................................................. 1-1 2.0 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................... 1-1 2.1 The Planning Process ........................................................................................................................2-1 The Function of an Area Plan
    [Show full text]
  • Physically Based Modeling of Bedrock Incision by Abrasion, Plucking and Macro Abrasion
    The Orchha River: Physically based modeling of bedrock incision by abrasion, plucking and macro abrasion “Every man has his secret sorrows which the world knows not; and often times We call a man cold when he is only sad.” ― Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Rajkumar Dongre The Orchha River in rainy days -Channel incision into bedrock plays an important role in orogenesis by setting the lower boundaries of hillslopes. The longitudinal profiles of bedrock channels constitute a primary component of the relief structure of mountainous drainage basins and thus channel incision limits the elevation of peaks and ridges _____________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract [1] Many important insights into the dynamic coupling among climate, erosion, and tectonics in mountain areas have derived from several Keyword: Macroabrasion, numerical models of the past few decades which include descriptions of bedrock incision. However, many questions regarding incision processes Orchha, Knick dominate, and morphology of bedrock streams still remain unanswered. A more bed rock River, Chunks. mechanistically based incision model is needed as a component to study landscape evolution. Major bedrock incision processes include (among other mechanisms) abrasion by bed load, plucking, and macro abrasion (a process of fracturing of the bedrock into pluckable sizes mediated by particle impacts). _________________________________________________________________________________ Mobile: 09301953221, Email: [email protected]
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of Erosion Thresholds and Runoff Variability on the Relationships Among Topography, Climate, and Erosion Rate Roman A
    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 116, F04036, doi:10.1029/2011JF002095, 2011 The influence of erosion thresholds and runoff variability on the relationships among topography, climate, and erosion rate Roman A. DiBiase1 and Kelin X. Whipple1 Received 18 May 2011; revised 20 October 2011; accepted 24 October 2011; published 29 December 2011. [1] Bedrock river incision occurs only during floods large enough to mobilize sediment and overcome substrate detachment thresholds. New data relating channel steepness and erosion rate provide the opportunity to evaluate the role of thresholds and discharge variability in landscape evolution. We augment an extensive erosion rate data set in the San Gabriel Mountains, California, with analysis of streamflow records and observations of channel width and sediment cover to evaluate the importance of climate and erosion thresholds on incision rates. We find the relationship between channel steepness and erosion rate in the San Gabriel Mountains can be explained using a simple stochastic-threshold incision model where the distribution of large floods follows an inverse power law, suggesting that details of incision mechanics, sediment effects, width adjustment, and debris flows do not significantly influence the steady state relationship between steepness and erosion rate. Using parameters tuned to this case, we vary climate parameters to explore a range of behavior for the steepness-erosion relationship. Erosion is enhanced by both increases in mean runoff and discharge variability. We explore the implications of an empirical relationship between mean runoff and variability to test whether dry, variable climates can erode more efficiently than wet, stable climates. For channels with high thresholds or low steepness, modeled erosion rate peaks at a mean runoff of 200–400 mm/yr.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Charles County Nuisance Urban Flooding Plan
    CHARLES COUNTY NUISANCE & URBAN FLOOD PLAN 10.2020 Table of Contents Introduction 1 Charles County Nuisance and Urban Flooding Problem Statement 1 Nuisance Flooding Plan and Considerations 1 Plan Purpose and Goals 3 Nuisance and Urban Flood Plan and 2018 Charles County Hazard Mitigation Plan 4 Nuisance and Urban Flooding Stakeholder Group 4 Nuisance and Urban Flooding Public Outreach Efforts 5 Nuisance and Urban Flooding ArcGIS StoryMap 6 Nuisance and Urban Flooding ArcGIS Podcast 7 Additional County Climate Action & Resiliency Efforts 7 Identification of Nuisance and Urban Flood Areas 10 Nuisance Flood Areas 25 Identification of Flood Thresholds, Water Levels, & Conditions 27 Flood Insurance Study (FIS) 27 Tidal Gauge Data 27 Tidal Gauge Data vs Flood Insurance Study Discussion 28 Sea Level Rise and Shoreline Erosion 28 Stormwater & Drainage Ordinances & Improvements Projects 32 Stormwater Management Ordinance 32 Storm Drainage Ordinance 32 Stormwater Management and Impervious Surface 33 Drainage Improvement Projects 33 Nuisance & Urban Flood Response, Preparedness, & Mitigation 35 Drainage Improvement Plan & Project Prioritization Criteria 56 Implementation & Monitoring 57 Continuous Communication with the Public 57 Appendix Appendix 1. NCEI Storm Event Data- Charles County Roadway Flooding Events 58 Tables Table 1. Nuisance and Urban Flood Locations 13 Table 2. Nuisance and Urban Flooding Preparedness, Response, & Mitigation 37 Maps Map 1. Charles County Nuisance and Urban Flood Locations 12 Map 2. Charles County Nuisance Flood Locations 26 Acknowledgements This planning project has been made possible by grant funding from the EPA, provided by Maryland Department of Natural Resources through the Grants Gateway. County Commissioners: Rueben B. Collins, II Bobby Rucci Gilbert O.
    [Show full text]