Kobe University Repository : Thesis

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Kobe University Repository : Thesis Kobe University Repository : Thesis Application of the Whole School Development Approach on Rural Basic Education Schools in Yemen: Strengthening Partnerships among 学位論文題目 Schools, Communities and Local Education Offices(学校運営能力向上 Title アプローチのイエメン遠隔地における基礎教育学校への適用 : 学校、 地域コミュニティ、地方教育行政局間のパートナーシップ強化を目指 して) 氏名 Sakurai, Aiko Author 専攻分野 博士(学術) Degree 学位授与の日付 2007-09-25 Date of Degree 資源タイプ Thesis or Dissertation / 学位論文 Resource Type 報告番号 甲4089 Report Number 権利 Rights JaLCDOI URL http://www.lib.kobe-u.ac.jp/handle_kernel/D1004089 ※当コンテンツは神戸大学の学術成果です。無断複製・不正使用等を禁じます。著作権法で認められている範囲内で、適切にご利用ください。 PDF issue: 2021-10-04 Application of the Whole School Development Approach on Rural Basic Education Schools in Yemen: Strengthening Partnerships among Schools, Communities and Local Education Offices by Aiko Sakurai Graduate School of International Cooperation Studies Kobe University September 7, 2007 Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background of the Country ............................................................................................ 1 1.1.1 Political Context ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 International Context .................................................................................................. 1 1.1.3 Socio-economic Context ............................................................................................ 2 1.2 Problem Statement ......................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Objectives of the Study .................................................................................................. 8 1.4 Significance of the Study ............................................................................................... 8 1.5 Organization of the Study .............................................................................................. 9 Chapter 2: Literature Review ................................................................................................. 11 2.1 Educational Decentralization ....................................................................................... 11 2.1.1 Background .............................................................................................................. 11 2.1.2 Definition and Typology of Decentralization .......................................................... 12 2.1.3 Decentralized Educational Functions ....................................................................... 14 2.1.4 Benefits and Risks of Decentralization .................................................................... 15 2.2 Defining the Whole School Development (WSD) ....................................................... 16 2.2.1 Application of WSD in Developing Countries......................................................... 17 2.2.2 Experiences of Other Countries ............................................................................... 19 2.3 Community Partnerships in Education ........................................................................ 21 2.3.1 Partnerships in Education since the 1990s ............................................................... 21 2.3.2 Degree of Community Partnerships in Education .................................................... 23 2.4 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 25 Chapter 3: Application of Whole School Development Approach in Yemen ....................... 27 3.1 Decentralized System in Yemen .................................................................................. 27 3.1.1 Framework and Progress of Educational Decentralization in Yemen ...................... 28 3.2 Whole School Development in Yemen ........................................................................ 31 3.2.1 Selection Criteria of Districts and Schools .............................................................. 32 3.2.2 Diversified Environment by District ........................................................................ 33 3.2.3 Implementation Mechanism ..................................................................................... 34 3.2.4 Supporting Mechanism ............................................................................................ 35 3.2.5 Implemented Activities ............................................................................................ 37 3.3 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 39 Chapter 4: Research Methods ................................................................................................ 41 4.1 Analytical Framework.................................................................................................. 41 4.2 Hypotheses ................................................................................................................... 43 4.3 JICA-BRIDGE Project as a Case Study ...................................................................... 47 4.4 Data and Information Collection .................................................................................. 47 Chapter 5: Results .................................................................................................................. 53 5.1 WSD Activities to Improve Access and Equity of Basic Education ............................ 53 5.1.1 Improved Physical Infrastructures of Schools.......................................................... 53 5.1.2 Increased Number of Teachers ................................................................................. 55 5.1.3 Increased Number of Students’ Enrollment ............................................................. 57 5.1.4 Improved Equity ....................................................................................................... 61 5.2 WSD Activities to Improve the Quality of Basic Education ....................................... 63 5.2.1 School Improvement Activities that Contribute to Improving Quality .................... 63 5.2.2 Contract Teachers’ Qualifications ............................................................................ 64 5.2.3 Heavy Dependence on the Contract Teachers .......................................................... 66 5.2.4 Head Teachers’ Profile ............................................................................................. 67 5.2.5 Head Teachers’ Leadership and Management Capabilities ..................................... 69 5.3 Capacity Development of the DEOs through Supporting the WSD ............................ 73 5.3.1 District Education Office (DEO) .............................................................................. 73 5.3.2 Profile of DEO Teams to Support WSD Activities .................................................. 76 5.3.3 DEO’s Competencies ............................................................................................... 79 5.4 Community Participation in Implementation of WSD Activities ................................ 81 5.4.1 Changes in the Community’s Attitude towards School ........................................... 81 5.4.2 Relationship between Community Participation and Head Teacher ........................ 84 Chapter 6: Discussion and Conclusion .................................................................................. 95 6.1 Discussion .................................................................................................................... 95 6.2 Limitations of the Study ............................................................................................... 98 6.3 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 98 6.4 Recommendations ...................................................................................................... 102 Reference ................................................................................................................................... 107 List of Tables Table 1.1: Key NBEDS Outcomes 2006-2010 …………………………….. ……………… 4 Table 1.2: Comparison of Resources for Education between GCC and Yemen…………… 4 Table 1.3: Primary Education Indicators in Yemen and GCC Countries…………………… 5 Table 2.1: School-level Decisions to be Decentralized…………………………. ………… 14 Table 3.1: Tasks of the Institutional and Modernization Task Force under BEDS………… 30 Table 3.2: List of the 59 Pilot Schools……………………………………………………… 33 Table 3.3: Roles and Responsibilities of GEOs and DEOs in Year 2……………………… 37 Table 3.4: Comparison of School Pilot Activities Between Year 1 and Year 2……..……… 38 Table 4.1: List of School Visits……………………………………………………………… 49 Table 4.2: List of Interviewees…………………………………………..…………………… 50 Table 4.3: Components of Baseline Survey……………………………..…………..……..… 50 Table 4.4: Sample Size of Questionnaire Surveys……………………..……….…..……….. 51 Table 4.5: Criteria Used for DEO’s School Evaluation……………………..………………. 51 Table 5.1: Number of Classrooms at the 59 Pilot Schools…………………..……..…………53 Table 5.2: Demands for Classrooms at the 59 Pilot Schools…………………..…..………… 54 Table 5.3: Number of Schools by Offered Classes as of January 2007………..……..……… 54 Table 5.4: Number of Contract Teachers………..…………………………………..………...55 Table 5.5: Contract Teachers in Year 2……………………………………………..……….
Recommended publications
  • Semi-Annual Program Performance Report
    Semi-Annual Program Performance Report Headquarters Information Field Contact Information Coy Isaacs Allan Havers Acting Director, Crisis Response Response Coordinator, FHI 360 Yemen 1825 Connecticut Avenue Khormaksar (Opposite Lotus Hotel) Washington, D.C. 20009 Aden, Yemen [email protected] [email protected] Country/Region of Country: Yemen Submission Date: April 30, 2020 Program Title: Integrated Humanitarian Assistance to Yemen OFDA Award Number: 720FDA18CA00042 Award Period: July 2, 2018 – November 1, 2020 Reporting Period: October 1, 2019 – March 31, 2020 Al Ghaded deep clean and repair day, November 2019 CHV Training, Hudaydah Governorate, March 2020 Summary This report captures FHI 360’s progress against planned objectives, activities, and indicators from October 1, 2019 to March 31, 2020, for the “Integrated Humanitarian Assistance to Yemen” (IHAY) project, USAID/OFDA Award No. 720FDA18CA00042. FHI 360’s Health, Nutrition, WASH, and Humanitarian Coordination activities comprise an integrated package to promote comprehensive support to host communities and internally displaced persons (IDPs), thus reducing risks of morbidity and mortality and contributing to the improved well- being of displaced and conflict-affected individuals at the following sites along the Western Coast of Yemen: Al Ghaded Health Center (HC) in Dhubab district, Taiz Governorate; Al Mokha Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Center (through November 2019), Al Gharaffi HC, and Al Shatheliah HC in Mokha district, Taiz Governorate; and Al Khawkhah MCH and Al War’a Health Unit (HU) in Al Khawkhah district, Hudaydah Governorate. In this period, FHI 360 began support to additional facilities that were added as part of the cost modification of the award executed in July 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • YHF Annual Monitoring Report 2020
    ©: Mahmoud Fadel-YPN for UN/OCHA 2020 ANNUAL MONITORING YEMEN HUMANITARIAN REPORT FUND THE YHF THANKS ITS DONORS FOR THEIR GENEROUS SUPPORT IN 2020 CREDITS This document was produced by the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Yemen. OCHA Yemen wishes to acknowledge the contributions of its committed staff in preparing this document. For additional information, please contact: [email protected] Twitter: @YHF_Yemen The designations employed and the presentation of material on this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. KEY MESSAGES Despite access constraints and COVID-19 restrictions, the Yemen Humanitarian Fund (YHF) conducted 65 field monitoring missions to 119 projects in 2020 thus fulfilling all its 2020 monitoring requirements. 56 per cent of monitoring missions assessed The YHF Beneficiary Feedback and Complaints YHF-funded projects as performing well and 35 per Mechanism was launched in February 2020 and 1,775 cent as underperforming but for reasons beyond the people provided feedback. partners’ control. The YHF made 914 recommendations from The YHF provided timely updates to cluster monitoring missions, shared them with implementing coordinators and hub managers with key monitoring partners, and followed up on the actions taken by findings upon review of monitoring reports to ensure partners to address them. that the findings of YHF monitoring can be used by the broader humanitarian community. 96 per cent of 12,302 people interviewed via Key challenges to monitoring of YHF-funded projects Beneficiary Verification Surveys indicated that they included travel restrictions, bureaucratic impediments were satisfied with services they received through and the poor quality of some monitoring reports.
    [Show full text]
  • Yemen Events Log 3
    Yemen Events Log 3 This is a publicly available events log to keep track of the latest coalition airstrikes on civilians or civilian infrastructure in Yemen, plus any other significant reports or events that are related. It is being updated daily a couple of dedicated independent activists who have a concern for the people of Yemen and a desire to see the end of this unfolding catastrophe. If you would like to help, please drop me a direct message on Twitter. @jamilahanan For current data, May 2018 onwards, see here: May 2017 - April 2018 https://docs.zoho.com/file/1g2al5ce282ae1ccc4ea7ac011b61edb74b21 This log contains events from November 2016 - April 2017. Previous events can be found here: August 2016 - October 2016 https://docs.zoho.com/file/qqptj5d51d260604b48f691fb33fba2641be6 Before August 2016 https://docs.zoho.com/file/qu3o1a39ece47dff44380a9a48fdc45489ddf April 2017 30th April Legalcenter for Rights and Developement - Airstrikes April 30th 2017 https://www.facebook.com/lcrdye/photos/a.551858951631141.1073741828.551288185021551/8 18304141653286/?type=3&theater 29th April What are the reasons for the US-Saudi aggression on #Yemen, which have became known to all countries of the #world? https://twitter.com/PrincessOfYmn/status/858258474173706240 Yemen – the New Graveyard Where Empires Come to Die https://twitter.com/ShakdamC/status/858209772050558976 Legalcenter for Rights and Developement - Airstrikes April 29th 2017 https://www.facebook.com/lcrdye/photos/a.551858951631141.1073741828.551288185021551/8 17825941701106/?type=3&theater 28th April Legalcenter for Rights and Developement - Airstrikes April 28th 2017 https://www.facebook.com/lcrdye/photos/a.551858951631141.1073741828.551288185021551/8 17307905086243/?type=3&theater Sen. Rand Paul: The U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • BRIDGE Project Completion Report
    Appendix 9 Appendix 9 An Impact Analysis of the JICA Broadening Regional Initiative for Developing Girls’ Education (BRIDGE) Project A Comparative Analysis of Baseline and Endline Surveys By JICA BRIDGE Team November 2008 Table of Contents Preface Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................... A9-i List of Tables................................................................................................................................. A9-ii List of Figures.............................................................................................................................. A9-iii Abbreviations .............................................................................................................................. A9-iv 1. Objectives of the Assessment .................................................................................................. A9-1 2. Methodology............................................................................................................................. A9-1 3. Sample Size of the Research ................................................................................................... A9-1 4. Findings of the Analysis........................................................................................................... A9-2 4.1.1 Number of Enrollment ........................................................................................ A9-2 4.1.2 Number of Enrollment in Targeted Districts......................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Women in Storm of War
    10 YEMEN: WOMEN IN STORM OF WAR A HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT ON ABUSES AGAINST WOMEN DURING WARTIME MARCH 2020 YEMEN: WOMEN IN STORM OF WAR A HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT ON ABUSES AGAINST WOMEN DURING WARTIME MARCH 2020 RIGHT RADAR: monitoring human rights YEMEN: WOMEN IN STORM OF WAR INTRODUCTION In Yemen, both women and men have been subjected to extensive abuses and suffering resulting from the ongoing war that started five years ago. However, all the local and international efforts seeking to achieve greater equality between both men and women in terms of political and economic rights have failed over the decades. According to the criteria of International Humanitarian Law, Yemeni women are classified as a vulnerable group. They were, and are still are, the most affected group due to the existing war which has violated all the international laws, treaties, agreements and charters. The war has also ignored the social customs and traditions that consider the abuse of women’s freedom and dignity and involving them in the armed conflict as shameful deeds and crossing a red line. 4 RIGHT RADAR: monitoring human rights YEMEN: WOMEN IN STORM OF WAR Consequently, Yemeni women not only dominated the lists of the dead and wounded as a result of shelling, sniping and laying mines and the lists of the forcibly displaced persons due to the war, according to the available data under these circumstances, but they also dominate the lists of persons forcibly abducted and tortured. Prisons were built especially for women and some of them lost their parents, children, husbands, while others lost their jobs.
    [Show full text]
  • What Is the Al Saleh Prison?
    AL SALEH DETENTION CENTER Rights report documenting the treatment of arbitrary detainees and the forcibly disappeared, including brutal torture and harsh treatment, in the Al Saleh Detention Center that is controlled by the Houthi militias in the Taiz governorate Geneva - Jan 2020 www.samrl.org In summary, one of the detainees told SAM: “Some of the detainees in the prison were sane and lost their minds, while other detainees had lost their minds before they went in and came out sane.” This report documents extremely harsh and cruel stories, so if you cannot bear to read these painful statements, we recommend that you do not continue reading. Dedication We dedicate this report to the soul of a marginalized civilian, Nashwan Muqbil Saif, who went through torture in the Al Saleh City Prison due to his refusal to be forced to fight in the ranks of the Houthis. Eight months after he was released, he died due to the injuries and illnesses that he got during the torture. Nashwan was a great hero who refused to submit to forced recruitment among Houthis militia forces, while many tribal sheikhs, officers, senior merchants, and dignitaries acquiesced to them, and rescued themselves and provided many innocent souls and money. Human Rights report Al Saleh Detention Center THE AL SALEH PRISON A place where horror resides, and stories that have yet to be uncovered, in the past, young people dreamed of getting an apartment or a room to help them start their futures in this residential area. In a state where everything would be named after those in power, the residential area turned into a prison and terrifying nightmare, a reality that was worse than any imagination or horror story.
    [Show full text]
  • Epidemiological Update Health Cluster
    Health Cluster Meeting minute West Coast, YEMEN st Date:31 January 2020 Venue: Virtual meeting via Zoom Meeting Agenda ➢ Welcome and introduction: Health Cluster Coordinator welcomed all partners to a virtual meeting using teleconference technology. Round table introduction of partners was done. ➢ Review of Previous Action Points: Previous action points were reviewed. ➢ Epidemiological Update Health Cluster briefed the health Partners on the latest global, regional and Yemen epidemiological update on COVID 19 (up to 24th Jan 2021) In Yemen up 2,118 confirmed cases were reported in 11 governorates affected; Aden, Hadramout, Taiz are the most affected governorates 17 new confirmed cases 615 deaths were reported 6 new death cases Taiz COVID-19 Epidemiological data in 2020 739 Suspected cases 303 confirmed cases, 82 death Al Mukha 3 confirmed cases According To GHO. Mawza’a 1 confirmed Cases Al Wazi’iyah 5 suspected cases Epidemiological update for Jan-Dec 2020 from Taiz GHO technical report Dengue -9636 suspected cases In the West Coast districts Al Wazi’iyah, 455 Al Mukha, 244 Dhubab, 13 Mawza’a,109 Deaths Mawza’a 7 Malaria -69591 suspected cases in Taiz Governorate In the West Coast districts Al Wazi’iyah, 303 Al Mukha, 925 Dhubab, 0 Mawza’a,648 Cholera Suspected cases in Taiz Governorate 28885 Death 2 Cases Al Wazi’iyah 36 Al Mukha 544 Dhubab 326 Mawza’a 329 Deaths from the West Coast Districts Mawza’a 1 death Meningitis Suspected cases 747 in Taiz Governorate Al Mukha 3 Wazi’iyah 1 Dhubab 1 Mawza’a 0 Measles Suspected cases 125 in Taiz
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Yemen, Taizz Governorate
    43°20'E 44°10'E 45°0'E Az Zubayr ! As S uway hirah ! ! Al M i`lalah Al! J abalay n 5 ! Ar Ramadi Bayt al Adh ! ! Kushsh Has id Al ! Q ur ay nah Dhanabah ! ! 1 Hisn as Ar Raqafah As S uwah Sana` ! ! Has id Huways ah ! Menelaka ! ! Ar Ruway nah Maqbanah ! ! ! Qaryat al 0 `Ar abi Khuba`ah ! Al Hawra' ! ! ! Al! M usharifah Qasr Az Zuhar Dar al Al Q at` ! ! ! Al M usharifah ! Al Q ur ay yah Al Q us m ! Jassar As S ufay ra' A`r uq ! ! Al M arnuf ! Al K halidi ! Al ` Ikdah ! 2 Al K adahah ! At Tarabib ! Mu`ayin At Tufayli ! Dav ina !Seule ! Al A` ruq ! Al M ufay jir ! Al ` Az awah ! A!l Hawja' ! ! ! ! ! Al A htub Al A fr ad Ar Ruqa` Al Ham a ! Adarhiss ar ! ! Al M alaqi ! ! Ad Duwaym ah Suq al Qaryat an Al M awjir Bashim ah Ibb ! ! ! Mawdaqah Kuhal Al! M ahjar Quway yib Al M adrubah! ! Hariyah Nawbah ! r Al J aliliyah Sharat Al B ir ah ! Al K hawam is ! ! ! Al K amah ! ! Kuhlan As S umaytinah ! ! ! ! Al M a`bal As S umayqinah ! Al ` Adaris ah Al Q ur duhah ! ! ! Ham ada ! `Adan B arakah ! Misari` e ! Qaryat al Hudhlah Al ` Awadir ! Qaryat Al K uduf ! Al M iqdar ! Al Q ahayz ah Al M u`aysir ! Qaryat an Nawbah ! !Dhi An Nawbah Ruha' ! Qaryat ! ! ! ! ! ! Bani Khuba`ah Ar Rays Al ` Ubays ha' Tawahin ! ! ! Nas r !Qaryat at Tawahir Qaryat as Halyah al Jubib Al Habis ah b ! ! Al G halil ! Qaryat ! ! ! Al A sluf Qaryat al Qal`ah Sib` ah Al ` Aqqay dah ! Al Hess Al M u'asas ! Al Q atanah Ma`m al al ! Halyah ! ! Al M ansurah `Adan as h ! Ar Rajimah al Kadaf ! Al K hur ay bah ! Al ` Uqayy ir ! ! Halyah Al B aghdadi Shara'b Bumiyah ! Shaykh ! ! Al Hudaydah
    [Show full text]
  • HEALTH CLUSTER BULLETIN JANUARY 2019 Health Cluster Meeting Al Hudaydah – Photo – SHNCC Hudaydah
    HEALTH CLUSTER BULLETIN JANUARY 2019 Health Cluster meeting Al Hudaydah – Photo – SHNCC Hudaydah YEMEN Emergency type: Level 3 Emergency Reporting period: 01-01-2019 TO 31-01-2019 19.7 PIN of 15.8 targeted 3 .34 627M 1Million with Health Funds Health Million** Returnees Assistance Interventions IDPs required HIGHLIGHTS HEALTH SECTOR A total of 2,596 Health Facilities (18 Governorate 71 HEALTH CLUSTER PARTNERS Hospitals, 122 District Hospitals, 69 General 15.8 M TARGETED POPULATION Hospitals, 22 Specialized Hospitals, 712 Health Centres and 1,653 Health Units) are supported KITS DELIVERED TO HEALTH by 71 Health Cluster Partners. FACILITIES/PARTNERS st st 60 IEHK SUPPLEMENTARY From 1 to 31 January 2019, 37,461 suspected cholera cases with 35 associated 1 IEHK SUPP EQUIPMENT KIT deaths were reported and a CFR of 0.09%. SUPPORTED HEALTH FACILITIES 14,469 rapid diagnostic tests (RDT)were performed out of which 5,164 were positive. 2,596 HEALTH FACILITIES There were 20 Health Partners supporting cholera response with 147 DTCs and 340 ORCs HEALTH ACTION in 135 priority districts. There are 57 priority 581,046 districts with no DTC or ORC. CONSULTATIONS As of 28th January 2019, a total of 3,309 3,581 SURGERIES probable diphtheria cases with over 191 associated deaths with a CFR of 5.7% were 50,973 ASSISTED DELIVERIES (NORMAL reported from 21 governorates and 231 & CS) districts with Ibb and Hajjah are the most VACCINATION affected governorates. 19,455 PENTA 3 Preparations were finalised for the measles rubella campaign that will take place from 9th to EDEWS 13th February 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • Yemen Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Secondary Desk Review – May 2020
    Yemen Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Secondary Desk Review – May 2020 1 Yemen Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Secondary Desk Review – May 2020 SUMMARY Introduction Yemen has been in crisis since 2015, with conflict and continued political and economic disruptions resulting in increased levels of poverty as well as large-scale displacement.[1],[2] High levels of malnutrition and recurrent cholera and dengue fever outbreaks across the country put strain on the already overstretched the health care system, which are only able to provide half of the currently required capacity.[3] With the arrival of COVID-19, it is expected that the health situation in the country will worsen, as this situation will disproportionately affect vulnerable groups, including those who already live in poverty.[4],[5] One of the driving underlying factors of disease outbreaks and high malnutrition rates is a lack of access to clean and safe water, improved latrines, adequate environmental sanitation, and soap.[6],[7] In 2019, it was estimated that over half of the population (55%) did not have access to safe and clean water, and that almost half (45%) did not have access to soap due to economic reasons. The 2019 Yemen Humanitarian Needs Overview estimated that over two thirds of Yemenis were in need of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH)-related assistance, with 12.6 million of those in acute need of support.[8] Due to a lack of comprehensive, nationwide WASH needs assessment data, the Yemen WASH Cluster (YWC) initiated this Secondary Desk Review (SDR) to collate existing information related to WASH needs in Yemen.
    [Show full text]
  • 11826013 05.Pdf
    9-7.中央教育省での PCM ワークショップ(関係者分析・問題分析・目的分析系図)結果 (1)Stakeholders Analysis (関係者分析) Beneficiaries Decision-makers Partners Governmental Supporters 裨益者 決定者 パートナー Agencies 政府組織 支援者 Children Ministry of Education Private agencies/ Ministry of JICA 子どもたち 教育省 individuals Education 民間企業・個人 教育省 Girls 女子 GEO タイズ州教育局 Teachers training World Bank institute 教員養成 校 Boys 男子 DEO 郡教育局 International Vocational Training GTZ Organization institute GEO Communities CARE 国際機関 職業訓練学校 タイズ州教育局 地域住民 Mothers 母親 Parents Social Funds Educational Dutch 児童保護者(親) Agencies Research Centre 教 Government 育研究所 Fathers 父親 Local Board 州議会 JICA 国際協力 GEO タイズ州教育 UNICEF 機構 局 Communities Local Councils NGOs DEO 郡教育局 UNESCO 地域住民 地方議会 Teachers 教師 Ministry of Civil Service Adult Education and ADRA and Insurance Illiteracy Alleviation Schools 学校 雇用保険省 Organization 成人 KfW 教育・非識字削減機 構 Principals 校長 Schools 学校 Central Statistics WFP Office 統計局 DEO Tribal leader 族長 Social Fund for ILO 郡教育局 Development: SFD Religious leader Save the 宗教リーダー children (NGO) - 162 - 9-8.本計画対象 6 郡の選定概容 Site Districts Selection 1) Precondition: Letter of Interest Letter of Interest is prerequisite: ○in the Table below shows the expressed interest in participation 2) First Step: Four Criteria for district selection Program sites will be the districts with worst status at the following three criteria: Criterion 1: Lower female students’ ratio against a male student from Grade 1~9 Criterion 2: Higher female dropouts: Higher loss of female ratio compared to Grade 1. Criterion 3: Fewer female teachers: More female students
    [Show full text]
  • Needs Assessment Displacement Movement in Taiz Governorate
    Needs Assessment Displacement Movement in Taiz Governorate Needs Assessment Displacement Movement in Taiz Governorate Introduction Taiz Governorate is one of the 22 governorates of Yemen and it is located in the south west of Yemen. It has an area of 10,677 km2 and a population that reached over 3 million with a density of 230/km2. Taiz city is the governorate's capital, the third largest city in Yemen. Taiz Governorate is divided administratively into 23 districts. Since the fighting broke out in Yemen, Taiz has been one of the most affected governorates with a very high density of IDPs. The conflict which reached the governorate in April,2015 exposed civilians to risk and resulted into massive internal displacement. The first displacement was in April 2015 when fierce fighting broke out inside Taiz city and the adjacent districts: Saber Almawdem and Mashra'a wa Hadnan. Then the conflict has increased rapidly and expanded to new districts including Almesrakh, Haifan, , Samea, Alselw, and Meqbana which witnessed high displacement movement to the nearby safe areas and adjacent districts like Ashamayatain, Almawest, Mawiyah and Sharab. Around 60% of the IDPs fled their villages living with their relatives and/or friends increasing the burden on the hosting community. About 70% of the IDPs settled with hosting communities and 30% at public institutions and in open areas. Recently the escalation of the conflict has increased and reached the coastal districts of Taiz governorate namely, Almukha, Dhubab and Moza'a that are near the red sea. The majority of people living there have been affected by the current conflict and fled to the interior areas as well as the adjacent districts to find a safer place.
    [Show full text]