Pinus Tecunumanii Eguiluz & J. P. Perry
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Universidad Nacional Agraria De La Selva
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AGRARIA DE LA SELVA FACULTAD DE RECURSOS NATURALES RENOVABLES ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERÍA FORESTAL EFECTO DE SUSTRATOS Y ABONOS ORGÁNICOS EN LA GERMINACIÓN Y CRECIMIENTO INICIAL DE Pinus tecunumanii Eguiluz & J. P. Perry “PINO ROJO” EN CONDICIONES DE LABORATORIO Y VIVEROS TESIS PARA OPTAR EL TÍTULO PROFESIONAL DE: INGENIERO FORESTAL PRESENTADO POR: ELVIS GREGORIO LUQUE QUILLA 2019 UNIVERS量DAD NAC霊ONAL AGRARIA DE LA SELVA Tingo Maria - Per血 ACULTAD DE RECURSOS NATURALES RENOVABLES ‾ 二∴∵‾ AC丁A DE SUSTENTAC漢ON DE TES看S Los que suscriben, Miembros deI Jurado de Tesis, reunidos con fecha 23 de Octub「e de 2019’a ho「as 12‥10 p・m. en Ia Saia del Gabinete de Meteorologia y ClimatoIogfa de Ia Facultad de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Para Ca輔car la Tesis tituIada: EFECTO DE SUSTRA丁OS Y ABONOS ORGÅNICOS EN LA GERMINACION Y CRECIM8EN丁O IN!CiAL DE P血us fecunuman〃 & J.P。 Perry “P音NO ROJO,, EN COND営ClONES DE LABORATORIO Y VIVERO" Presentado por ei Bachi看ie「, E漢vis Grego「io LUQUE QU!LLA, despues de haber escuchado la sustentaci6n y las respuestas a las interrogantes fo「muIadas PO「 ei Jurado, Se deciara APROBADA con el ca晒cativo de傭MUY BUENO,, En consecuencia, el sustentante queda apto para opta「 ei Titulo de INGENIERO FORESTAL, que Sera aPrObado po「 el Consejo de Facultad言ramitandoio ai Consejo Unive「sitario pa「a e看otorgamiento del Tituio co「respondiente, Tingo Maria, 08 e Noviembre de 2019 lng. MSc。 RiC CUYA Dr. LU ANRIQUE DE LARA SUAREZ VO CAL ing. MSc。 n。, F触v弧 ASESOR UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AGRARIA DE LA SELVA FACULTAD DE RECURSOS NATURALES RENOVABLES ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERÍA FORESTAL EFECTO DE SUSTRATOS Y ABONOS ORGÁNICOS EN LA GERMINACIÓN Y CRECIMIENTO INICIAL DE Pinus tecunumanii Eguiluz & J. -
Current and Potential Spatial Distribution of Six Endangered Pine Species of Mexico: Towards a Conservation Strategy
Article Current and Potential Spatial Distribution of Six Endangered Pine Species of Mexico: Towards a Conservation Strategy Martin Enrique Romero-Sanchez * , Ramiro Perez-Miranda, Antonio Gonzalez-Hernandez, Mario Valerio Velasco-Garcia , Efraín Velasco-Bautista and Andrés Flores National Institute on Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock Research, Progreso 5, Barrio de Santa Catarina, Coyoacan, 04010 Mexico City, Mexico; [email protected] (R.P.-M.); [email protected] (A.G.-H.); [email protected] (M.V.V.-G.); [email protected] (E.V.-B.); fl[email protected] (A.F.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +52-553-626-8698 Received: 24 October 2018; Accepted: 6 December 2018; Published: 12 December 2018 Abstract: Mexico is home to the highest species diversity of pines: 46 species out of 113 reported around the world. Within the great diversity of pines in Mexico, Pinus culminicola Andresen et Beaman, P. jaliscana Perez de la Rosa, P. maximartinenzii Rzed., P. nelsonii Shaw, P. pinceana Gordon, and P. rzedowskii Madrigal et M. Caball. are six catalogued as threatened or endangered due to their restricted distribution and low population density. Therefore, they are of special interest for forest conservation purposes. In this paper, we aim to provide up-to-date information on the spatial distribution of these six pine species according to different historical registers coming from different herbaria distributed around the country by using spatial modeling. Therefore, we recovered historical observations of the natural distribution of each species and modelled suitable areas of distribution according to environmental requirements. Finally, we evaluated the distributions by contrasting changes of vegetation in the period 1991–2016. -
The Tolerance of Pinus Patula 3 Pinus Tecunumanii, and Other Pine Hybrids, to Fusarium Circinatum in Greenhouse Trials
New Forests (2013) 44:443–456 DOI 10.1007/s11056-012-9355-3 The tolerance of Pinus patula 3 Pinus tecunumanii, and other pine hybrids, to Fusarium circinatum in greenhouse trials R. G. Mitchell • M. J. Wingfield • G. R. Hodge • E. T. Steenkamp • T. A. Coutinho Received: 7 August 2011 / Accepted: 29 June 2012 / Published online: 10 July 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012 Abstract The field survival of Pinus patula seedlings in South Africa is frequently below acceptable standards. From numerous studies it has been determined that this is largely due to the pitch canker fungus, Fusarium circinatum. Other commercial pines, such as P. elliottii and P. taeda, show good tolerance to this pathogen and better survival, but have inferior wood properties and do not grow as well as P. patula on many sites in the summer rainfall regions of South Africa. There is, thus, an urgent need to improve the tolerance of P. patula to F. circinatum. Operational experience indicates that when P. patula is hybridized with tolerant species, such as P. tecunumanii and P. oocarpa, survival is greatly improved on the warmer sites of South Africa. Field studies on young trees suggest that this is due to the improved tolerance of these hybrids to F. circinatum. In order to test the tolerance of a number of pine hybrids, the pure species representing the hybrid parents, as well as individual families of P. patula 9 P. tecunumanii, a series of greenhouse screening trials were conducted during 2008 and 2009. The results indicated that species range in tolerance and hybrids, between P. -
Altitudinal Genetic Variation Among Pinus Oocarpa Populations In
Forest Ecology and Management 229 (2006) 340–350 www.elsevier.com/locate/foreco Altitudinal genetic variation among Pinus oocarpa populations in Michoaca´n, Mexico Implications for seed zoning, conservation, tree breeding and global warming Cuauhte´moc Sa´enz-Romero a,*, R. Ricardo Guzma´n-Reyna b, Gerald E. Rehfeldt c a Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicola´s de Hidalgo (INIRENA-UMSNH), Av. San Juanito Itzı´cuaro s/n, Col. San Juanito Itzı´cuaro, Morelia Michoaca´n 58330, Mexico b Facultad de Biologı´a, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicola´s de Hidalgo, Av. Francisco J. Mu´jica s/n, Col. Felı´citas del Rı´o, Morelia Michoaca´n 58040, Mexico c Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1221 S. Main, Moscow, Idaho 83843, USA Received 29 November 2005; received in revised form 5 April 2006; accepted 6 April 2006 Abstract Pinus oocarpa has a large natural distribution in the sub-tropical forests of Mexico. Populations, however, are rapidly disappearing particularly in the Michoaca´n State as native forests are converted to avocado (Persea sp.) orchards. We investigated the patterning of genetic variation among P. oocarpa populations for quantitative traits along an altitudinal gradient by establishing a provenance/progeny test from wind-pollinated seeds collected along an altitudinal transect (1100–1500 m) near Uruapan, Michoaca´n, Mexico. Genetic variation was analyzed in relation to normalized climate records (temperature, precipitation, degree days >5 8C and annual moisture index) for the provenances and the test site for the contemporary climate and for climates projected for the decades beginning in 2030, 2060, and 2090. -
A New Invasive Species in South America: Pinus Oocarpa Schiede Ex Schltdl
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Ecology and Evolutionary Biology 7-8-2014 A new invasive species in South America: Pinus oocarpa Schiede ex Schltdl. Emilia P. Braga The University of Brasilia, Brazil Rafael D. Zenni University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] John D. Hay The University of Brasilia, Brazil Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_ecolpubs Recommended Citation Braga, Emilia P., Rafael D. Zenni*, and John D. Hay. "A New Invasive Species in South America: Pinus oocarpa Schiede ex Schltdl." BioInvasions Records 3, no. 3 (2014): 207-211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ bir.2014.3.3.12. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BioInvasions Records (2014) Volume 3, Issue 3: 207–211 Open Access doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/bir.2014.3.3.12 © 2014 The Author(s). Journal compilation © 2014 REABIC Rapid Communication A new invasive species in South America: Pinus oocarpa Schiede ex Schltdl. Emilia P. Braga1,3, Rafael D. Zenni2* and John D. Hay1,4 1Department of Ecology, The University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Brasilia, DF, 70910-900, Brazil 2Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, The University of Tennessee, 569 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA E-mail: [email protected] (RDZ), [email protected] (EPB), [email protected] (JDH) *Corresponding author Received: 20 April 2014 / Accepted: 12 June 2014 / Published online: 8 July 2014 Handling editor: John Wilson Abstract Conifers have a long history of introductions into many parts of the world and are among the most notorious plant invaders. -
Classification of Pinus Patula, I? Tecunum R Oocarpa, R Caribaea Var
Classification of Pinus patula, I? tecunum R oocarpa, R caribaea var. hondurensis, and Related nomic Entities A.E. Squillace and Jesse I? Perry, Jr. Abstract Stem xylem terpenes of 75 pine populations were studied to others including Styles ( 19'76 and 1985), Styles and deterrnirre relationships among taxonomic entities. Typical Hughes (19831, Locklzart (1985, 1990b), Dvorak and Pir~xspatalc populations octurrirlg in areas north and west of Raymond (19911, and Perry (1991). In particular, Oaxaca, Mexico, had very high proportions of Q-phellandrene and low proportions of other constituents. Terpene tshere is disagreement about (I) the taxonomic status compositions of populations of variety longipedz~ncltlatain of P, oocarpa var. ochoferenae and P. patula var. northern Oaxaca were similar to that of the typical variety, longipeduncudata, (2) the extent of the range of P. while those of populations in southern Oaxaca resembled that tecunvmanzz (Styles and McCarter 1988), and (3) the of P. tecanunaanii. Typical P. lecunumanii from populations extent of variation within entities. in Chiapas (Mexico), Guatemala, and southwestern Honduras contained high proportions of a-pinene, carene, limonene, and il-phellaadrene. Popda?inns in southern Mexico, Guatemala, Here we analyze data on te-rpenes obtained from Honduras, Nicaragua, and Belize that contaixied very high populations of the species in an attempt to shed light proportions of a-pinene and low proportions of other on various problems of identification and taxonomy. constituents were judged to be typical P. oocarpa. Other Data previously reported by others and our own populations in Guatemala, Honduras, and Xicaragua tended to resemble both P. oocarpa and P. -
Disturbances Influence Trait Evolution in Pinus
Master's Thesis Diversify or specialize: Disturbances influence trait evolution in Pinus Supervision by: Prof. Dr. Elena Conti & Dr. Niklaus E. Zimmermann University of Zurich, Institute of Systematic Botany & Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Birmensdorf Landscape Dynamics Bianca Saladin October 2013 Front page: Forest of Pinus taeda, northern Florida, 1/2013 Table of content 1 STRONG PHYLOGENETIC SIGNAL IN PINE TRAITS 5 1.1 ABSTRACT 5 1.2 INTRODUCTION 5 1.3 MATERIAL AND METHODS 8 1.3.1 PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE 8 1.3.2 TRAIT DATA 9 1.3.3 PHYLOGENETIC SIGNAL 9 1.4 RESULTS 11 1.4.1 PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE 11 1.4.2 PHYLOGENETIC SIGNAL 12 1.5 DISCUSSION 14 1.5.1 PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE 14 1.5.2 PHYLOGENETIC SIGNAL 16 1.6 CONCLUSION 17 1.7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 17 1.8 REFERENCES 19 2 THE ROLE OF FIRE IN TRIGGERING DIVERSIFICATION RATES IN PINE SPECIES 21 2.1 ABSTRACT 21 2.2 INTRODUCTION 21 2.3 MATERIAL AND METHODS 24 2.3.1 PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE 24 2.3.2 DIVERSIFICATION RATE 24 2.4 RESULTS 25 2.4.1 PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE 25 2.4.2 DIVERSIFICATION RATE 25 2.5 DISCUSSION 29 2.5.1 DIVERSIFICATION RATE IN RESPONSE TO FIRE ADAPTATIONS 29 2.5.2 DIVERSIFICATION RATE IN RESPONSE TO DISTURBANCE, STRESS AND PLEIOTROPIC COSTS 30 2.5.3 CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE ANALYSIS PATHWAY 33 2.5.4 PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE 34 2.6 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK 34 2.7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 35 2.8 REFERENCES 36 3 SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 39 3.1 S1 - ACCESSION NUMBERS OF GENE SEQUENCES 40 3.2 S2 - TRAIT DATABASE 44 3.3 S3 - SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MAPS 58 3.4 S4 - DISTRIBUTION OF TRAITS OVER PHYLOGENY 81 3.5 S5 - PHYLOGENETIC SIGNAL OF 19 BIOCLIM VARIABLES 84 3.6 S6 – COMPLETE LIST OF REFERENCES 85 2 Introduction to the Master's thesis The aim of my master's thesis was to assess trait and niche evolution in pines within a phylogenetic comparative framework. -
Grow Pines 3 2
PLAESTABLISHMENTNTATION GUIDE &L IMANAGEMENTNES OF COMMERCIALNO.18 (V.2) – PINEOCT PLANTATIONS. 2005 IN UGANDA N 18 J 2005 FOREST FIRE PLANTATIONPROTEC GUIDELINETION No. 12 (v.2) - Feb. 2007 JUST ONE forest fire can destroy the investment of ¾ Purchase and maintain suitable fire fighting many years in a few hours: hence fires must be taken equipment. very seriously as the NFA and private sector start ¾ Ensure that any fires are spotted early and that there establishing large-scale commercial plantations in are people on standby at critical times. Uganda. When it comes to fire prevention, the golden ¾ Train staff (including contractors) to ensure that rule is: ‘Be prepared’. With regard to fire control, the they can fight fires efficiently and safely. best advice is: ‘Spot fires early: hit them fast and keep ¾ Use the Fire Danger Index system to guide levels of them small’. preparedness (see table below). The key areas to focus on to make your forest safer are: ¾ Follow-up immediately after fires: ensure lessons are learned and take any disciplinary (or legal) ¾ Work with surrounding communities – not against action required. them – and educate them on the dangers of forest fires. This Guideline will expand on all these points. The ¾ Identify risks well in advance and try to minimize advice is based on practices developed to a fine art in them. Southern Africa – where the plantation fire risk can be ¾ Prepare firebreaks in advance of the driest periods. extremely high during the long, hot dry periods experienced there. FIRE DANGER INDEX SYSTEM Fire Alert BLUE GREEN YELLOW ORANGE RED Stages Fire Danger 0-20 21-45 46-60 61-75 76-100 Index Fire Behavior SAFE MODERATE DANGEROUS VERY EXTREMELY DANGEROUS DANGEROUS Flame Length 0-1 1-1.2 1.2-1.8 1.8-2.4 2.4+ (m) Fire Control Low fire Only light Direct attack Spread of fires Fires will be Guide hazard. -
NATIVE NAMES and USES of SOME PLANTS of EASTERN GUATEMALA Mid HONDURAS
NATIVE NAMES AND USES OF SOME PLANTS OF EASTERN GUATEMALA MiD HONDURAS. By S. F. BLAKE. INTRODUCTION. In the spring of 1919 an Economic Survey Mission of the United States State Department, headed by the late Maj. Percy H. Ashmead, made a brief examination of the natural products and resources of the region lying between the Chamelec6n Valley in Honduras and the Motagua VaUey in Guatemala. Work was also done by the botanists of the expedition in the vicinity of Izabal on Lak.. Izaba!. Descriptions of the new species collected by the expedition, with a short account of its itinerary, have already been published by the writer,' and a number of the new forms have been illustrated. The present list is based · wholly on the data and specimens collected by the botanists and foresters of this expedition-H. Pittier, S. F. Blake, G. B. Gilbert, L. R. Stadtmiller, and H. N. Whitford-and no attempt has been made to incorporate data from other regions of Central America. Such information will be found chiefly in various papers published by Henry Pittier,' J. N. Rose,' and P. C. Standley.' LIST OF NATIVE NAllES AND USES. Acacia sp. CACHITO. eoaNIZuELO. ISCAN.... L. FAAACEJ..E. Acacla sp. I....&GAR'l"O. SANPlWBANO. FABACE'·. A tree up to 25 meters high and 45 em. to diameter. The wood is lISed for bunding. Acalypha sp. Co8TII I A DE PANTA. EUPHOllBlAc!:a. 'Contr. U. S. Not. Herb. 24: 1-32. pl •. 1-10, ,. 1-4. 1922. • Ensayo oobre las plantas usuatee de Costa Rica. pp. 176, pk. -
State of the World's Forest Genetic Resources Part 1
Forests and trees enhance and protect landscapes, ecosystems and production systems. They provide goods and services which are essential to the survival and well-being of all humanity. Forest genetic resources – the heritable materials maintained within and among tree and other woody plant species that are of actual or potential economic, environmental, scientific or societal value – are essential for the continued productivity, services, adaptation and evolutionary processes of forests and trees. This first volume of The State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources constitutes a major step in building the information and knowledge base required for action towards better conservation and sustainable management of forest genetic resources at the national, regional and international levels. The publication was prepared based on information provided by 86 countries, outcomes from regional and subregional consultations and commissioned thematic studies. It presents definitions and concepts related to forest genetic resources and a FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES review of their value; the main drivers of changes and the trends affecting these vital resources; and key emerging technologies. The central section analyses the current status of conservation and use of forest genetic resources on the basis of reports provided by the countries. The book concludes with recommendations for ensuring that present and future generations continue to benefit from forests and trees, both through innovations in practices and technologies and through enhanced attention -
Fluorescent Banding in Tropical Pinus Chromosomes Bandeamento
SCIENTIA FORESTALIS n. 61, p. 59-63, jun. 2002 Fluorescent banding in tropical Pinus chromosomes Bandeamento fluorescente em cromossomos de Pinus tropicais Renata Silva-Mann Lisete Chamma Davide Marcelo de Almeida Reis ABSTRACT: There have been controversies about the taxonomic classification of Tecun Umán pine for about 50 years. Some investigations have shown a close relationship between this conifer and Pinus patula, while others showed relationship to the Pinus oocarpa. In this study, data on CMA fluorescent chromosomes banding showed that Tecun Umán pine had banding patterns close to Pinus oocarpa. KEYWORDS: Tecun Umán pine, CMA banding, Pinus RESUMO: Tem havido controvérsias sobre a classificação taxonômica do Pinus de Tecun Umán por aproximadamente 50 anos. Algumas investigações mostraram uma relação próxi- ma entre esta conífera e o Pinus patula, enquanto que outras mostraram relação com o Pinus oocarpa. Neste estudo, dados de bandeamento cromossômico fluorescente CMA mostraram que o Pinus de Tecun Umán tinha padrões próximos ao Pinus oocarpa. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Pinus de Tecun Umán, Bandeamento CMA, Pinus INTRODUCTION The great increase in the demand for wood Some studies denominated Tecun Umán on the world market has encouraged industri- pine as Pinus oocarpa Schiede var. ochoterenai al projects to use almost exclusively introduced Martinez (Martinez, 1948). Others were called (non-native) forest species. Pinus tecunumanii (Schw) Eguiluz and Perry Within the tropical conifers introduced in by Eguiluz-Piedra and Perry (1983). Styles Brazil, the Tecun Umán pine has performed (1985) reported that both, P. oocarpa var. well in several regions (Wright and Osorio, ochoterenai and P. tecunumanii, belong to the 1992), showing excellent agricultural qualities same taxon, Pinus patula Schiede & Deppe such as rapid growth, over 50 m height, straight ssp. -
Susceptibility of Several Northeastern Conifers to Fusarium Circinatum and Strategies for Biocontrol
Article Susceptibility of Several Northeastern Conifers to Fusarium circinatum and Strategies for Biocontrol Jorge Martín-García 1,2,*, Marius Paraschiv 3, Juan Asdrúbal Flores-Pacheco 2,4,5 ID , Danut Chira 3, Julio Javier Diez 2,4 and Mercedes Fernández 2,6 ID 1 Department of Biology, CESAM (Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal 2 Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid-INIA, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34071 Palencia, Spain; [email protected] (J.A.F.-P.); [email protected] (J.J.D.); [email protected] (M.F.) 3 National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry “Marin Drăcea”, Brasov Station, Closca 13, 500040 Brasov, Romania; [email protected] (M.P.); [email protected] (D.C.) 4 Department of Plant Production and Forest Resources, University of Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34071 Palencia, Spain 5 Facultad de Recursos Naturales y Medio Ambiente, Bluefields Indian and Caribbean University-BICU, Avenida Universitaria, Apartado Postal N◦ 88, Bluefields, Nicaragua 6 Department of Agroforestry Sciences, University of Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34071 Palencia, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-979-108-425 Received: 11 July 2017; Accepted: 18 August 2017; Published: 30 August 2017 Abstract: Fusarium circinatum, the causal of pine pitch canker disease (PPC), is now considered among the most important pathogens of Pinaceae in the world. Although in Europe PPC is only established in the Iberian Peninsula, the potential endangered areas cover over 10 million hectares under the current host distribution and climatic conditions.