DOCSLIB.ORG

Population Genetics, Phylogeography and the Effects of Aquaculture on Genetic Diversity of the Silver-Lipped Pearl Oyster, Pinctada Maxima (Jameson)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Population Genetics, Phylogeography and the Effects of Aquaculture on Genetic Diversity of the Silver-Lipped Pearl Oyster, Pinctada Maxima (Jameson) ResearchOnline@JCU This file is part of the following reference: Lind, Curtis E. (2009) Population genetics, phylogeography and the effects of aquaculture on genetic diversity of the silver-lipped pearl oyster, Pinctada maxima (Jameson) . PhD thesis, James Cook University. Access to this file is available from: http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/29608/ The author has certified to JCU that they have made a reasonable effort to gain permission and acknowledge the owner of any third party copyright material included in this document. If you believe that this is not the case, please contact [email protected] and quote http://eprints.jcu.edu.au/29608/ Population genetics, phylogeography and the effects of aquaculture on genetic diversity of the silver-lipped pearl oyster, Pinctada maxima (Jameson) Thesis submitted by Curtis E. Lind, BSc (Hons) May 2009 For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, from the School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia Statement of Access I, Curtis E Lind, author of this work, understand that James Cook University will make this thesis available for use within the University Library and, via the Australian Digital Theses network, for use elsewhere. I understand that, as an unpublished work, a thesis has significant protection under the Copyright Act and; I do not wish to place any further restriction on access to this work. ____________________________________ ____________________ Signature Date 2 Statement of Sources Declaration I declare that this thesis is my own work and has not been submitted in any form for another degree or diploma at any university or other institution of tertiary education. Information derived from the published or unpublished work of others has been acknowledged in the text and a list of references is given. ____________________________________ ____________________ Signature Date 3 Statement on the Contribution of Others At the time of thesis submission, three manuscripts had been published in peer-reviewed academic journals. The contributions of co-authors to the respective manuscripts are outlined below: Manuscript from Chapter 2: Lind, C.E., Evans, B.S., Taylor, J.J.U., Jerry, D.R., 2007. Population genetics of a marine bivalve, Pinctada maxima, throughout the Indo-Australian Archipelago shows differentiation and decreased diversity at range limits. Molecular Ecology 16, 5193-5203. Contributions: CEL - Project design; sample collection; data generation & analysis; manuscript preparation BSE, JJUT, DRJ - Project design; sample collection; review of final manuscript Manuscript from Chapter 4: Lind, C.E., Evans, B.S., Knauer, J., Taylor, J.J.U., Jerry, D.R., 2009. Decreased genetic diversity and a reduced effective population size in cultured silver-lipped pearl oysters (Pinctada maxima). Aquaculture 286, 12-19. Contributions: CEL - Project design; sample collection; data generation & analysis; manuscript preparation BSE, JJUT - Project design; sample collection; review of final manuscript JK - Sample collection DRJ - Project design; review of final manuscript Manuscript from Chapter 5: Lind, C.E., Evans, B.S., Taylor, J.J.U., Jerry, D.R., The consequences of differential family survival rates and equalizing maternal contributions on the effective population size (Ne) of cultured silver-lipped pearl oysters, Pinctada maxima. Aquaculture Research. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2009.0210.x Contributions: CEL - Project design; sample collection; data generation & analysis; manuscript preparation BSE, JJUT, DRJ - Project design; sample collection; review of final manuscript 4 Acknowledgements To have so many people generously give their time to assist, encourage and advise me over the last four years has left me with abundant gratitude. To this end, I am truly grateful to nobody more than my primary supervisor, Associate Professor Dean Jerry, for his patient guidance, support and genuine friendship - a considerable influence in my development. Wholehearted thanks are also extended to my other supervisors, Dr Brad Evans and Dr Joseph Taylor, for without their help this thesis would not have been achievable. I am indebted to Brad for his willingness to always listen to my many (often trivial) woes, despite us both regularly ending up scratching our heads in perplexity. I can also be certain that both the professional and social relationship I had, and continue to share, with Brad and Dean is universally envied by many a postgraduate student, something that I cherish and have never taken for granted. I also gratefully give thanks to Joseph, my supervisor from afar and an accomplished authority on pearl oysters, for his continual support and valuable advice throughout this project. Whoever has spent enough time in a molecular genetics lab will appreciate that a page full of adjectives is only the beginning, and that sometimes the smallest word of advice can be the difference between a fantastic weekend and no weekend at all. I therefore give many thanks to Dr Carolyn Smith-Keune, for all her time, help and knowledge, particularly in the early years, as I‟m sure I would be still sitting there bewildered without it. I must also thank my fellow after- hours specialist, Adrian McMahon, for his help (and counsel!) over the years and for sharing the bedlam of „high-throughput‟ genotyping with me. I would also like to acknowledge all the assistance in the lab given by Dr Martin Elphinstone, Dr Brad Evans, Christian de Santis and Renate Kvingedal - thanks a lot. I am hugely appreciative of the all the effort from Dr Joseph Taylor, Dr Jens Knauer and the Penyabangan hatchery staff at Atlas South Sea Pearl Ltd. / P.T. Cendana Indopearls for the facilitation and care-taking of my experimental oysters in Bali. It goes without saying that this research simply could not have proceeded without their help and co-operation. For assistance 5 arranging or collecting samples, I also thank the following people: Geoff McGlauchlin (Arrow Pearls), Tam Nguyen, Paul Southgate, K. Takami (Kazu Pearls), Aiman Wang and Dave Williams (Coral Sea Pearls). Finally, I must thank my family, close friends and dear partner, Anna, who have all supported and encouraged me from the very beginning until the end of this project. It is oftentimes the unspoken support that is given when no one really wants to hear your plight which makes the world of difference, and in the end, has got me over the line. I am graciously thankful for this. 6 Abstract The silver/gold-lipped pearl oyster, Pinctada maxima (Jameson 1901), is one of the most important pearl producing species throughout Southeast Asia and northern Australia. The commercial production of high value “South Sea” pearls is based on the culture of P. maxima, and stands to benefit substantially from the implementation of long-term selective breeding programs. Industry-wide interest towards genetic improvement of P. maxima is rapidly growing, however, several fundamental issues must be addressed before selection commences. To achieve sustained response to selective breeding, it is essential that adequate genetic diversity is present within the population; yet currently there is little known about how the culture process affects diversity in P. maxima. This thesis addresses key issues concerning the capture and maintenance of genetic diversity in cultured P. maxima populations, as well as identifying and understanding patterns of genetic structure and diversity distribution throughout its natural range. As the source of broodstock to create base populations for selective breeding, it is important to understand the genetic properties of wild P. maxima populations. Analysis of microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in wild P. maxima populations throughout its natural distribution revealed a gradient in genetic diversity across its range, with decreasing levels of variation seen in peripheral populations when compared to those situated more centrally (i.e. central Indonesia). Significant genetic structuring and differentiation was also observed amongst populations, and is attributed to historic and contemporary biogeographic influences. Comparisons between wild and cultured P. maxima populations indicate a high level of genetic erosion has occurred in hatchery-propagated populations, with effective populations sizes (Ne) as low as 3.5 and reductions in microsatellite variation as high as 44% occurring as early as two generations beyond wild progenitors. The practice of mass spawning was identified as a major factor in the reduction of diversity, although diversity was not necessarily maintained when a more controlled spawning approach was utilised. Subsequent investigation using DNA parentage analyses revealed highly variable broodstock contributions have played a significant 7 role towards an increase in genetic relatedness and low Ne in cultured P. maxima and is likely to be exaggerated by variable survival rates amongst different pearl oyster families. Upon further investigation and experimentation, it was determined that highly variable family survival will affect Ne in communally reared P. maxima and the practice of equalising family sizes in order to reduce family size variance (and maximise Ne) may only become consistently beneficial once further progress is made towards understanding and then reducing variation in family survival rates. Culture practices related to variation in growth, such as size grading, culling and mass- selection were assessed for the ability to contribute to diversity losses. It was
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Louisiana Oyster Landings, 2000-2014
    Updated November 23, 2016 LouisianaFishery OysterManagement Plan Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Office of Fisheries Authors: Patrick Banks, Steve Beck, Katie Chapiesky, and Jack Isaacs Editor/Point of Contact: Katie Chapiesky, kchapiesky@ wlf.la.gov 1 Table of Contents LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 INTRODUCTION 8 Definition of Management Unit 8 Management Authority and Process 8 Management Goals and Objectives 8 DESCRIPTION OF THE STOCK 9 Biological Profile 9 Physical Description 9 Distribution 9 Habitat 10 Reproduction 10 Age and Growth 10 Predator-Prey Relationships 10 Stock Status and Assessment Methods 11 Stock Unit Definition 11 Current Stock Assessment 11 Reference Points 12 Harvest Control Rules 12 Oyster Monitoring and Assessment Methods 13 Stock Resilience 15 DESCRIPTION OF THE FISHERY 17 Data Collection and Analyses 17 Commercial Fishery 18 Volume and Value of Landings 18 Landings by Season 20 Landings by Gear Type 20 Landings by Vessel Length 23 Landings by Area 24 Seed Harvest 25 Commercial Oystermen 27 2 Fishing Effort 27 Seafood Dealers 30 Fresh Products Licenseholders 31 Oyster Processors 31 Oyster Imports 33 Recreational Fishery 36 Economic Conditions 37 Interactions with Other Fisheries or User Groups 37 ECOSYSTEM CONSIDERATIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS 38 Ecosystem Considerations 38 Habitat 38 Bycatch and Discards 40 Lost or Abandoned Fishing Gear 40 Environmental Factors 41 Hydrological Conditions 41 Invasive Species 41 Predation 41 Competition from Other Species 42 Diseases and Parasites
    [Show full text]
  • NATIONAL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOCIATION Program And
    NATIONAL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOCIATION Program and Abstracts of the 110th Annual Meeng March 18 – 22, 2018 Seale, Washington NSA 110th ANNUAL MEETING National Shellfisheries Association Renaissance Hotel, SEATTLE, WASHINGTON March 18 – March 22, 2018 SUNDAY, MARCH 18, 2018 6:30 PM STUDENT ORIENTATION (Foyer outside Courtyard Ballroom) 7:00 PM PRESIDENT’S RECEPTION Courtyard Ballroom MONDAY, MARCH 19, 2018 6:30-8:00 AM STUDENT BREAKFAST (students only) South 8:00-8:50 AM PLENARY LECTURE: Suzanne Williams (Natural History Museum, London) Courtyard Ballroom Federal Superior Municipal James North SHELLFISH LEASING AND GENETICS, THE SHRIMP OLYMPIA PERMITTING WORKSHOP: 9:00-10:30 AM GENOMICS, AND EPIGENOME OYSTERS CASE STUDIES FOR OVERCOMING SCALLOPS BREEDING (SHRIMPENCODE) COMMON LEGAL BARRIERS PROJECT 10:30-11:00AM MORNING BREAK THE SHRIMP GENETICS, OLYMPIA COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH AND EPIGENOME 11:00-12:30PM GENOMICS, AND SCALLOPS OYSTERS ENGAGING FISHERMEN (SHRIMPENCODE) BREEDING PROJECT 12:30-1:30 PM LUNCH BREAK THE SHRIMP GENETICS, OLYMPIA COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH AND EPIGENOME 1:30-2:15 PM GENOMICS, AND SCALLOPS OYSTERS ENGAGING FISHERMEN (SHRIMPENCODE) BREEDING PROJECT THE SHRIMP GENETICS, OLYMPIA COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH AND EPIGENOME GENERAL 2:15-3:00 PM GENOMICS, AND OYSTERS ENGAGING FISHERMEN (SHRIMPENCODE) CONTRIBUTED I BREEDING PROJECT 3:00-3:30 PM AFTERNOON BREAK THE SHRIMP GENETICS, OLYMPIA COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH AND EPIGENOME GENERAL 3:30-6:00 PM GENOMICS, AND OYSTERS ENGAGING FISHERMEN (SHRIMPENCODE) CONTRIBUTED I BREEDING PROJECT TUESDAY,
    [Show full text]
  • Inventory, Monitoring and Impact Assessment of Marine Biodiversity in the Seri Indian Territory, Gulf of California, Mexico
    INVENTORY, MONITORING AND IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF MARINE BIODIVERSITY IN THE SERI INDIAN TERRITORY, GULF OF CALIFORNIA, MEXICO by Jorge Torre Cosío ________________________ A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the SCHOOL OF RENEWABLE NATURAL RESOURCES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHYLOSOPHY WITH A MAJOR IN RENEWABLE NATURAL RESOURCES STUDIES In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2 0 0 2 1 Sign defense sheet 2 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED:____________________________ 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) and the Wallace Research Foundation provided fellowships to the author. The Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) (grant FB463/L179/97), World Wildlife Fund (WWF) México and Gulf of California Program (grants PM93 and QP68), and the David and Lucile Packard Foundation (grant 2000-0351) funded this study.
    [Show full text]
  • Focus on Molluscan Shellfish Biology/Ecology/Restoration
    Focus on Molluscan Shellfish Biology/Ecology/Restoration, Especially for Oysters (Crassostrea virginica), Ecosystem Engineering and Related Services, Living Shorelines, Related Climate Change/Acidification, Remote Sensing, and Other Related Topics (Revision date 4/20/19) Table of Contents General Restoration Papers, Recent Shellfish Reviews and Related Subjects (relevant Taxonomy, focus Biogenic Molluscan Species, Oysters, Scale, Ecosystem Services, Climate Change, Stessors, Coral Reefs, etc.) ......................................................................................................................................................... 3 Fisheries and Aquaculture Information, especially Reviews for Molluscs............................................... 25 General Climate, Physiology, and Ocean Acidification, Sedimentation, Stress Tolerance, Related Papers, Reviews, Websites ................................................................................................................................ 26 General Restoration Literature, Approaches, etc. ................................................................................... 28 Impacts and Site Selection for Aquaculture, Alternative Energy (wind turbines), etc. ............................. 31 Disturbance From Harvesting, Aquaculture Positive and Negative Effects, Non-Consumptive Human Impacts (Includes abandoned gear) ........................................................................................................ 32 Some Classic Works (and Reviews) ......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Using Molecular Biomarkers to Determine Possible Effects of Shellfish Aquaculture on Native Populations of Crassostrea Virginica
    USING MOLECULAR BIOMARKERS TO DETERMINE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF SHELLFISH AQUACULTURE ON NATIVE POPULATIONS OF CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA Kelsey S. Billet A Dissertation Submitted to the University of North Carolina Wilmington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Biology Department of Biology and Marine Biology University of North Carolina Wilmington 2020 Approved by Advisory Committee Susanne Brander Susanna Lopez-Legentil Martin Posey Chair Accepted by Dean, Graduate School TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………………. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………………………. v LISTS OF TABLES……………………………….…………………………………………… vii LISTS OF FIGURES…………………………..……………………………………………….. viii INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………… 1 1.1 Aquaculture 1.2 Oysters as a Model 1.3 Possible Benefits of Aquaculture Oysters 1.4 Possible DraWbacks of Aquaculture Oysters GENES………………………………………………………………………………………… 9 2.1 Stress Response 2.2 Immune Response 2.3 Metabolic Response METHODS……………………………………………………………………………………. 12 3.1 Specimen Selection and Preservation 3.2 RNA Extraction 3.3 cDNA Synthesis 3.4 Quantitative PCR 3.5 Statistical Analysis RESULTS……………………………………………………………………………………… 16 4.1 Quantitative PCR 4.2 Quantitative PCR Principal Components Analysis Body Tissue 4.3 Quantitative PCR ANOVA Body Tissue 4.4 Quantitative PCR Principal Components Analysis Gill Tissue 4.5 Quantitative PCR ANOVA Gill Tissue DISCUSSION…………………………………………………………………………………... 21 5.1 Stress Response Genes in Gill Tissue 5.2 Immune Response Genes in Gill Tissue 5.3 Metabolic Response Genes in Gill Tissue 5.4 Gene Responses in Body Tissue ii CONCLUSIONS……………………………………………………………………………….. 29 REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………………. 30 APPENDIX…………………………………………………………………………………….. 67 iii ABSTRACT Oysters are a keystone ecological species that generate numerous direct and indirect ecosystem services. They are also an important species economically, generating over 150 million dollars in 2014, which has led to the rapid expansion of aquaculture facilities and sites throughout the World.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix E – SRIPP Proposed Groin, Breakwater, and Shoreline Cultural
    WALLOPS FLIGHT FACILITY SHORELINE RESTORATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION PROGRAM: PROPOSED GROIN, BREAKWATER AND SHORELINE CULTURAL RESOURCE SURVEYS, ACCOMACK COUNTY, VIRGINIA Prepared for: Goddard Space Flight Center’s Wallops Flight Facility National Aeronautics and Space Administration Wallops Island, VA 23337 Prepared by: Anthony Randolph, M.A., R.P.A. J.B. Pelletier, M.A., R.P.A. Bridget Johnson, M.A., R.P.A. Gregory Brooks, Ph.D. Principal Investigator J.B. Pelletier, M.A., R.P.A. URS Group, Inc. 200 Orchard Ridge Drive, Suite 101 Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878 301-258-9780 November 2009 Abstract ABSTRACT This report presents results of four cultural resource tasks at Wallops Flight Facility (WFF), in Accomack County Virginia as part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Shoreline Restoration and Infrastructure Protection Program (SRIPP). These tasks include a remote sensing survey of a proposed breakwater location, a scientific diving survey of a proposed groin location, a pedestrian survey of the Wallops Island shoreline, and the archaeological monitoring of geotextile tube installation on the same shoreline. A total of 37.3 hectares (92.1 acres) was evaluated during the four survey efforts. It was undertaken to assist NASA with compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended; with the Abandoned Shipwreck Act of 1987; and with the National Environmental Policy Act (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) of 1970. These investigations and report were completed in accordance with Virginia Department of Historic Resources (VDHR) guidelines outlined in Guidelines for Archaeological Investigations in Virginia (1996), and with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for Archaeology and Historic Preservation (Federal Register 48, No 190, 1983).
    [Show full text]
  • Functional Genetics of Eastern Oysters ( Crassostrea Virginica ) Across Salinity Variation in a Single Estuary
    FUNCTIONAL GENETICS OF EASTERN OYSTERS ( CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA ) ACROSS SALINITY VARIATION IN A SINGLE ESTUARY A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Laura Elizabeth Eierman May 2014 © 2014 Laura Elizabeth Eierman FUNCTIONAL GENETICS OF EASTERN OYSTERS ( CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA ) ACROSS SALINITY VARIATION IN A SINGLE ESTUARY Laura Elizabeth Eierman, Ph. D. Cornell University 2014 Understanding the interaction between selection and phenotypic plasticity is important for predicting species’ persistence in rapidly changing environments. For sessile organisms, phenotypic plasticity is a typical mechanism for responding to environmental variation. However, the additional characteristics of high fecundity and widely dispersing offspring present an opportunity for selection to reshape the functional genetic composition of populations across habitat heterogeneities every generation. I tested for this pattern of recurrent viability selection in eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, using two experimental approaches. First, I made within- reef pair crosses from low, intermediate and high salinity source oysters and analyzed larval survival after a ten day exposure to 10 and 30 salinity treatments. The parental reef source-by- larval salinity treatment interaction term was a significant predictor of larval survival. Second, I sequenced and assembled the oyster transcriptome de novo in order to conduct RNA-seq to identify differential gene expression patterns in response to salinity treatment and oyster reef source. The samples for RNA-seq were twenty-four adult oysters collected from high and low salinity source reefs and acclimated for 9 weeks in 10 and 30 salinity common gardens. A total of 9,921 reference transcriptome contigs (reftigs; 23.6%) were significantly differentially expressed (DE), with 0.6% of all reftigs DE for the reef source, 18.9% DE for treatment salinity, and 13.9% DE for the reef-by-treatment factor.
    [Show full text]
  • Nutrients, Seston, Chlorophyll A), Hydrodynamics and Oyster Growth in Three Major Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea Gigas) Growing Areas in Southern Tasmania (Australia
    RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS (NUTRIENTS, SESTON, CHLOROPHYLL A), HYDRODYNAMICS AND OYSTER GROWTH IN THREE MAJOR PACIFIC OYSTER (CRASSOSTREA GIGAS) GROWING AREAS IN SOUTHERN TASMANIA (AUSTRALIA). By Iona Margaret Mitchell (B. Agr. Sc. - Tas) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Research) University of Tasmania · June,2001 Declaration This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for a degree or diploma by the University or any other institution, and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, the thesis contains no copy or paraphrase of material previously published or written by another person, except when due reference is made in the text. Authority of access This thesis may be made available for loan and limited copying in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968. Iona M. Mitchell June 2001 1. ABSTRACT An assessment was made of three Pacific oyster ( Crassostrea gigas) growing areas in southern Tasmania (Pitt Water, Pipeclay Lagoon and Little Swanport) with respect to water quality parameters, oyster growth and hydrodynamic characteristics. This was done in an order to explain differences in reported oyster growth rates and hence address the issue of shellfish productivity in each area. Water samples were collected monthly for 13 months from several sites along the length of each area from a marine site to the. upper reaches of the estuary, or coastal embayment. These were analysed for chlorophyll a, nutrients (NOX, P04-P and Si04-Si), and seston quality and quantity (i.e. total particulate matter (TPM) and particulate organic and inorganic matter (POM & PIM)). Temperature, salinity and secchi disk depths were also recorded.
    [Show full text]
  • Aquaculture Techniques on Biofouling in the Northern Gulf of Mexico
    ASSESSMENT OF OFF-BOTTOM OYSTER (CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA) AQUACULTURE TECHNIQUES ON BIOFOULING IN THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in The School of Renewable Natural Resources by Ellis Leroy Chapman Junior B. S., Christopher Newport University, 2015 December 2019 Table of Contents Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................................ iii Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... iv Chapter 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2. Effects of flipping frequency and antifouling coatings on biofouling in off-bottom oyster (Crassostrea virginica) aquaculture production in the northern Gulf of Mexico ................ 3 Materials and Methods ................................................................................................................ 3 Goals and Objectives ................................................................................................................. 14 Results ....................................................................................................................................... 15 Discussion ................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnohistorical Description of Eight Villages Adjoining Cape
    0060675 National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Cape Hatteras National Seashore Manteo, North Carolina Final Technical Report - Volume Two: Ethnohistorical Description of the Eight Villages Adjoining Cape Hatteras National Seashore and Interpretive Themes of History and Heritage Cultural Resources Southeast Region 0060676 0060677 Final Technical Report – Volume Two: Ethnohistorical Description of the Eight Villages adjoining Cape Hatteras National Seashore and Interpretive Themes of History and Heritage November 2005 prepared for prepared by Cape Hatteras National Seashore Impact Assessment, Inc. 1401 National Park Drive 2166 Avenida de la Playa, Suite F Manteo, NC 27954 La Jolla, California 92037 in fulfillment of NPS Contract C-5038010616 About the cover: New Year’s Eve 2003 was exceptionally warm and sunny over the Mid-Atlantic states. This image from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument on the Aqua satellite shows the Atlantic coast stretching from the Chesapeake Bay of Virginia to Winyah Bay of South Carolina. Albemarle and Pamlico sounds separate the long, thin islands of the Outer Banks from mainland North Carolina. Image courtesy of NASA’s Visible Earth, a catalog of NASA images and animations of our home planet found on the internet at http://visiblearth.nasa.gov. 0060678 0060679 1. Acknowledgements We thank the staff at the Cape Hatteras National Seashore headquarters in Manteo for their helpful suggestions and support of this project, most notably Doug Stover, Steve Harrison, Toni Dufficy, Steve Ryan, and Mary Doll. The following staff of the North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries shared maps, statistics, and illustrations: Scott Chappell, Rodney Guajardo, Trish Murphy, Don Hesselman, Dee Lupton, Alan Bianchi, and Richard Davis.
    [Show full text]
  • C3939 Peter Tamony Collection
    C3939 Peter Tamony Collection A-Z WORD LIST A Abdication A [combining forms] Abdulla Bulbul Amir A 1 *A Number One Abecedarium A 3 Aberastus A. A. +Alcoholics Anonymous Abie Aaah Abie's Irish Rose Aaargh Abilities A A Bloc Abilities Incorporated AAC. Abilitism A Age Ability A And R Man Ability [combining forms] Aardvark A B ing +A Aasis A Blast A. A. U. +Amateur Athletic Union Ablation Aaugh Able AB Able Baker Abab Able Baker Charlie Abacus Able Day Abadaba Able To Go *Go A.B.A.G. Abner Abalone Abnormal Abalone Baseball Abo +Abos Abandon Ship Aboard Abaria A Bomb +Atom Bomb Abasicky *Anbasicky A Bomb Blast Abate A Bombs Abatement A Bomb Test Abba Abominable Abba Dabba Abominable Showmen Abba Zaba Abominable Snowman Abbie Hoffman Abomunist Manifesto Abbo Aboo [combining forms] Abbondanza Abort Abbott and Costello +Whos On First Abortion Abbreviations +Acronyms Abortionist Abby Abortion Mill *Mill A B C Abos +Abo A B C D About ABCDisms About [combining forms] Ab Ced About Face Abcess *AB Abouts [combining forms] ABC Governments About Town ABCing Above All ABC Stone Above Board ABC War Above The Line +Line ABDA Abplanalp Ab Dabs Abracadabra Abraham Lincoln Brigade Absent Abrasive Absenteeism Abraxes Absent Minded Abrazo ABSIE Abri Absinth Abroad Absolutely, Mr. Gallagher Abscam Absolutely Positively Absolutes Accents Absolutism Accentuate Absolutist Accentuates Absolutist Absurdities *Ahab Accentuate the Positive Absorbine Junior Acceptance +Age of Acceptance Absotively Acceptance Ring Absquatulate Access Abstinyl +Antabus Access Fees Abstract
    [Show full text]
  • October 2018
    PRICELESS CHESAPEAKE www.chesapeakestyle.com Volume XXII Issue 2 October 2018 © Style Serves and Celebrates the Chesapeake Bay Region and its People, Past, Present and Future 2 October 2018 CHESAPEAKE Style After a relaxingFast afternoon Times on a friend’s on runabout, the weRivers decided to buy a 16’ Editor, Publisher, Chief The mission of Chesapeake Style red and white Century Tri-Hull. We had in and out service, i.e we’d call the Cook & Bottle Washer is to serve and celebrate the marina to put the boat in the water and we’d spend the day. It was good for Janet Abbott Fast Chesapeake Bay Region and its boating during the day. We joined the local U S Power Squadron, took classes, Writers & Photographers people, past, present and future. made new friends and learned about boating. The down side—with two Lucy Baker, Katherine Bavuso, Letters to the editor are welcome. young teenagers, there was no head, no place to cook or spend the night. And Corinne Becker, Carol J. Bova, Joy The editor reserves the right to we were on Illinois’ Chain of Lakes, a busy and dangerous body of water. Brenda Burch, Joseph T. “Chip” edit all submissions for clarity, Buxton, III, E. C. Doleman, My theory was that if we were going to spend time, energy and money, lousy spelling or any other we needed a boat where we could sleep, eat and use the head. As it Ellen Dugan, Jean Duggan, Ann Eichenmuller, Deborah Figg, reason that strikes her fancy. happened, a distant relative in Pennsylvania had died, and his boat was Chesapeake Style is a priceless for sale.
    [Show full text]