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Editorial: RWI Has a New Look Privatization Of News Editorial: RWI has a New Look Privatization of Hospitals has Many Positive Aspects The Burden of Nonsmokers Is Neoliberalism Finished? No. 1 /2009 Editorial RWI has a New Look But that‘s not all, by any means. Blue and gray, the colors of the logo, are part of the fundamental design and will appear again and again in RWI Essen‘s new look. The colors are embedded in a harmoniously co- ordinated world of colors that will also be expressed in the various publications. We have also made a slight change to our abbreviation: Instead of calling ourselves „RWI Essen,“ we will be „RWI,“ returning to our former name, which, is more appropriate now that we have a branch in Berlin. RWI has steadily evolved over the years: The depart- RWI is introducing its new look just in time for mental structures have become more fl exible, areas of spring. The new logo, which will be a strong factor research have been added, and, with the Ruhr Gradu- in the design of publications, is the heart of the new ate School in Economics (RGS Econ) we have taken an look. This issue of „RWI News,“ the fi rst with the new active role in promoting young researchers. The goal style, is a good example. And the new homepage will of our new appearance is to convey this inner vitality follow soon. to the rest of the world. We hope you enjoy meander- ing through this newly designed publication. These innovations are the result of much thought and eff ort. We started with the question: What does RWI stand for, and what does it want to convey with its corporate design? Dynamic, fl exible, decisive, fresh and serious were the attributes revealed by an inhouse survey. The new logo is intended to express these properties and illustrate the communication goals of RWI. Our communication designer Daniela Schwindt presented the best proposal, a logo that familiar ele- ments with new ones: The blue color and cubic as- Old RWI logo pects of the old design are now presented in a more contemporary light. The rigid frame of the previous logo has been broken up and replaced with a more dynamic shape. Lateral thinking, thinking out of the box, searching for a diff erent point of view – these New RWI logo are the associations that the new logo is intended to trigger in the beholder. Ch.M.Schmidt 2 RWI News 1/2009 Research news all of the places where there are hospitals, the private Hospital Privatization clinics are more economical, because their cost of ma- terialsand personnel make up a signifi cantly smaller Off ers Many Benefi ts percentage of their total revenue. This is not detrimen- tal to patient care – quite the opposite: In privately- While the total number of hospitals in Germany is owned hospitals, more physicians and nursing staff steadily decreasing, the number of privately-owned are available to take care of the individual patients facilities is on the rise. Private hospitals tend to work than in public or non-profi t facilities. The expenses more economically than the others — even though they incurred for medical supplies are also higher. There receive less government funding and pay higher taxes. are no discernable diff erences in the quality of care. In The density of supply and the quality of the medical care fact, on average, the patients in private hospitals are provided have remained at least at the same level and, even older and have more serious illnesses. In terms in some aspects, have noticeably improved. of the number of beds available in the intensive care wards, the quantity of large medical devices and the The number of privately-run hospitals in Germany expenditures for medical supplies, the private facili- increased 41.6% from 1996 to 2007, with a market share ties are just as good. today of 28%. During the same period, the number of public hos- pitals fell by 31% and the number of non- profi ts by nearly 19%. A signifi cant factor could be that private facilities work more effi ciently on average, while off ering at least the same quality. These are the fi ndings of a study commissioned by the Bundesverband Deutscher Privatklinik- en e.V. (BDPK, federal association of private German clinics) in Berlin and conducted by RWI and the Institut für Gesundheitsökonomik (IfG, Institute Private institutions can obtain funding more easily for Health Economics) in Munich. The study is based and they invest more on fi gures from the Federal German Statistical Offi ce from 1996 to 2006 and on the annual reports of 701 Also, privately-owned hospitals have greater free- hospitals from 2005 and 2006. dom in making investment decisions. Because they have better access to capital markets, these facilities This study indicates that privatizing hospitals en- can obtain fi nancing more easily for investments that sures that patients receive adequate care, particularly would not be possible with only government subsi- in rural areas. The proportion of rural medical centers dies. Higher profi tability also strengthens cash fl ow. is greater among st the private institutions than the The study reveals that privately-owned hospitals not non-profi ts; it continued to rise from 1996 to 2006. In only receive less governmental assistance, they also RWI News 1/2009 3 Research news pay taxes on earnings; for example, 150 million EUR in nonsmokers a weaker bargaining position than smok- 2006. Non-profi t and public medical centers generally ers. If smoking is socially acceptable, the nonsmokers do not have to pay taxes. usually have to ask the smokers to refrain from smok- ing. However, to avoid confl ict, some people hesitate The two institutes that conducted the study anticipate to complain. This gives smokers an unfair advantage in higher cost and competitive pressure on medical care bargaining power, so that it may be advisable to ban providers over the next few years, which will reinforce smoking. This is the conclusion reached by a study con- the trend towards privatization. Greater competition ducted by RWI and the University of Helsinki, Finland, promotes more effi cient patient care. A decreasing which reconstructed the social interaction between a number of hospitals and beds will presumably be ac- smoker and a nonsmoker in a so-called „sequential companied by greater demand for hospital services. game“ in which the two parties made their “moves” To increase competition, it could be made easier for one aft er the other. The article appeared in the re- new suppliers to enter the market. Also, hospitals nowned „Journal of Health Economics.“ could make available to the public comprehensive information on the results of their treatment, so the Ban on smoking helps counteract the market’s failure patient would be in a better position to fi nd the most to take action suitable hospital. Based on these fi ndings, laws prohibiting smoking in Issue 52 of the RWI Materialien („Bedeutung der closed spaces are benefi cial particularly in countries in Krankenhäuser in privater Trägerschaft “ (Signifi cance which smoking is a socially accepted norm. For smok- of privately-owned hospitals) can be downloaded as a ers, the ban just means that they have to take a break .pdf fi le under www.rwi-essen.de/mat. and go outside to smoke. But it aff ords nonsmokers protection from the health risks of second-hand smoke For more information: [email protected], caused by the market’s failure to take action. Thus a [email protected] ban on smoking creates a situation that is not always ideal but is defi nitely desirable to society in general. Studies have shown that many smokers are in favor of smoking bans, because they help them to keep their Nonsmokers Oft en Accept cigarette consumption under control. Smoke to Keep the Peace Providing smoking and nonsmoking areas is not very eff ective. As long as smoking is socially accept- able, nonsmokers will most likely follow the smokers Social norms and learned behavior patterns oft en into the smoking area to keep the peace. determine how people treat one another. If society The article „Smoking and Social Interaction,“ by P. tolerates smoking, nonsmokers are generally all too Poutvaara and L. Siemers, was published in the „Jour- willing to accept inhalation of second-hand smoke. In nal of Health Economics“ 27 (6): 1503–1515. such situations, laws prohibiting smoking are a way to protect nonsmokers from the health hazards associated For more information: [email protected], with smoke. [email protected] If smoking is socially acceptable within a society, nonsmokers tend to put up with second-hand smoke, xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx even if they are bothered by the smoke. This can be attributed primarily to the fact that social norms grant 4 RWI News 1/2009 Research news Procurement of Research Contracts The Implications of Federal Child Benefi ts and Parental Evaluation of the Payments to Promote Employment Leave. Project for the Federal Ministry for Family, Senior pursuant to § 16a para. 10 SGB II. Project for the Federal Citizens, Women and Juveniles. Contact person: Dr. Jochen Ministry of Labor and Social Aff airs. Contact: Dr. Michael Kluve, Dr. Marcus Tamm. Duration: 6 months Fertig. Duration: 3 years Investments in Transportation Systems. Project for Study on Various Aspects of Labor Market Performance. the Federal Ministry of Finance. Contact person: Dr. Lars Project for the EU Commission (Employment, Social aff airs Siemers. Duration: 18 months and Equal Opportunities DG). Contact: Dr. Jochen Kluve, Dr. Ronald Bachmann. Duration: 10 months Dates Hot Topic: The two scientists had a lively, controversial discus- sion on the causes and eff ects of the fi nancial crisis.
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