Tom Killion Papers

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Tom Killion Papers http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8vt1xx6 No online items Register of the Tom Killion papers Finding aid prepared by Hoover Institution Library and Archives Staff Hoover Institution Library and Archives © 2017 434 Galvez Mall Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-6003 [email protected] URL: http://www.hoover.org/library-and-archives Register of the Tom Killion papers 2017C40 1 Title: Tom Killion papers Date (inclusive): 1868-1997 Collection Number: 2017C40 Contributing Institution: Hoover Institution Library and Archives Language of Material: In English, Tigrinya, Amharic, French, and Arabic Physical Description: 25 manuscript boxes, 2 card file boxes, 4 oversize boxes(14.8 Linear Feet) Abstract: Correspondence, writings, notes, government documents, bulletins, serial issues, printed matter, photographs, and sound recordings relating to the history of Ethiopia and Eritrea, especially to labor and nationalist movements in those countries. Creator: Killion, Tom Hoover Institution Library & Archives Access The collection is open for research; materials must be requested at least two business days in advance of intended use. Publication Rights For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Library & Archives. Acquisition Information Materials were acquired by the Hoover Institution Library & Archives in 2017. Preferred Citation [Identification of item], Tom Killion papers, [Box no., Folder no. or title], Hoover Institution Library & Archives. Biographical Note Tom Killion was born on November 28, 1953, and was raised in Marin County, California. In 1975 he received his B.A. in history from the University of California, Santa Cruz. He went on to receive a Ph.D in African history with a dissertation on the Ethiopian/Eritrean labor movement from Stanford University in 1985. From 1987 to 1988 Killion worked as an administrator for medical programs in three refugee camps in Eastern Sudan near Showak. In March of 1988 he travelled in the liberated zone of Eritrea with the Eritrean People's Liberation Front, witnessing the battle of Afabet and reporting on it for the Los Angeles Times. From 1990 to 1995 Killion was an Assistant Professor of African History at Bowdoin College. Between 1993 and 1994 Killion was a Fulbright Professor at Asmara University in Eritrea. He later taught courses at Stanford and from 1995 to 2001 was a guest lecturer in the Humanities Department at San Francisco State University. In the early 1990s, Killion helped found the Eritrean Studies Association and organized the first Eritrean Studies Conference at San Francisco State University. His Historical Dictionary of Eritrea remains a notable resource in the field. Killion is also a nationally recognized woodcut printmaker, for which he has received many awards and participated in many exhibitions, as well as the 2009 PBS-TV documentary, Craft in America: Process. He owns Quail Press, which he founded in 1977. Scope and Content of Collection Correspondence, dissertation and research notes, reports, flyers, pamphlets, and other printed matter relating to political, economic, cultural, and social affairs in the Horn of Africa, in general, and in Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Sudan, in particular. Subjects and Indexing Terms Eritrea -- History Labor movement -- Ethiopia Labor movement -- Eritrea Ethiopia -- History box 1 Office File 1980-1991 Scope and Contents Contains business and invitation cards, and invoices. box 1, folder 1 Contacts and business cards 1980s box 1, folder 2 Copying, 1990s box 1, folder 3 Invitation to a reception (50th anniversary of Victory Days) 1991 Register of the Tom Killion papers 2017C40 2 Office File 1980-1991 box 1, folder 4 Invoices and packing slip, 1983-1984 Correspondence 1964-1997 Scope and Contents Comprised of personal and organizational letters. box 1, folder 5 Adolff, Richard, 1982 box 1, folder 6 Africa World Press (AWP)/Red Sea Press (RSP) 1997 box 1, folder 7 African American Labor Center, 1982 box 1, folder 8 AMMAR, Woldeyesus 1995-1996 box 1, folder 9 Anfray, Francis 1994 box 1, folder 10 Auriol, Mm J., 1982 box 1, folder 11 Blane, John, 1982 box 1, folder 12 Buffier, Jean Joseph 1982 box 1, folder 13 Cacqueray, Henri de, 1982 box 1, folder 14 Cochat, René 1982 box 1, folder 15 Connell, Dan, 1996 box 1, folder 16 Deflandre, M. R., 1982 box 1, folder 17 Department of Commerce (U.S.), 1982 box 1, folder 18 De Marinis, Paul, 1986 box 1, folder 19 Eritreans for Liberation in North America (EFLNA), 1979 box 1, folder 20 Estifanos 1981 box 1, folder 21 Ethiopian Internal Security, 1981 Language of Material: Amharic. box 1, folder 22 Gebreselassie and Mesfin, 1964 box 1, folder 23 Gebrehiwet, Hagos, 1992 box 1, folder 24 Grey, Robert D. 1991 box 1, folder 25 Gueleh, Idris Omar, 1983 box 1, folder 26 Guiraud, R., 1982 box 1, folder 27 Habteselassie, Bereket, 1992 box 1, folder 28 Hendrie, Barbara, 1996 box 1, folder 29 Hodgin, Peter, 1995 box 1, folder 30 Iyob, Ruth, 1991 box 1, folder 31 Jackson, Kennell Jr. 1992 box 1, folder 32 Kane, Thomas L., 1994 box 1, folder 33 Lebegue, Yves, 1982 box 1, folder 34 Lino, James George, 1996 box 1, folder 35 Looram, Matthew, 1982 box 1, folder 36 Manspeizer, Ilyssa, 1995 box 1, folder 37 Marchal, Roland, undated box 1, folder 38 Marcus, Harold, 1991-1995 box 1, folder 39 McCann, Jim, 1990 box 1, folder 40 Pasteau, Michel, 1982 box 1, folder 41 Schröder, Günter 1990 box 1, folder 42 Shapird, Martin, undated box 1, folder 43 Stanford University, 1980 box 1, folder 44 Stutz, Robert L., 1982 box 1, folder 45 Taffesse, Yohannes, 1982-1983 box 1, folder 46 Tamrat, Taddesse, 1981 box 1, folder 47 Tekle, Amare 1992 box 1, folder 48 Tholomier, Robert, 1982-1983 box 2, folder 1 Toche 1982 box 2, folder 2 Ullendorff, Edward, 1983 box 2, folder 3 Verbrugge, C. V. 1982 box 2, folder 4 Videau, Daniel, 1982 box 2, folder 5 Villele, Guillaume de, 1982 box 2, folder 6 Wamba-dia-Wamba, Ernest undated Register of the Tom Killion papers 2017C40 3 Correspondence 1964-1997 box 2, folder 7 Wylie, Dean, 1992 box 2, folder 8 Zongo, Opportune 1992 Speeches and Writings, 1970-1997 Scope and Contents Contains dissertation outlines, research notes, lecture notes, and articles. box 2, folder 9 African Adaptive Institution and Labor Unions, undated box 2, folder 10 African Studies Association (ASA) conference, Eritrea notes, 1991 box 2, folder 11 Articles by Tom Killion for Eritrea Profile, 1994 box 2, folder 12 Bibliography, 1980s-1990s undated box 2, folder 13 Biographical sketches of Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) and Eritrean government leaders for Historical Dictionary of Eritrea, 1994-1995 box 2, folder 14 Call for papers on Eritrea for Eritrean Studies Review, 1996 box 2, folder 15 "Capitalization of North and South," chapter one, second draft, 1981 box 2, folder 16 "Class and Nation in Eritrea: Workers' Organization and the Development of Multiethnic Nationalism, 1952-1962," typed essay, undated box 2, folder 17 Comments on Dan Connell's "Focus" on Eritrea, draft 1995 box 2, folder 18 Cultural organizations, handwritten notes, 1994 Dissertation Scope and Contents note Includes typed drafts, notes, and typed chapters from Tom Killion's dissertation and his research at Asmara University. box 2, folder 19 Chapter 1, "Patterns of Uneven Capitalist Penetration and Working Class Formation," 1981 box 2, folder 20 Chapter 1, "Patterns of Uneven Capitalist Penetration and Working Class Formation," various drafts 1981 box 2, folder 21 Notes, 1981 box 2, folder 22 Notes on Franco-Ethiopian Railroad 1981 box 2, folder 23 Research notes, 1981-1996 box 3, folder 1 Research proposal, first draft, 1981 box 3, folder 2 Research proposal, 1981 box 3, folder 3 Research proposal, final draft, 1981 box 3, folder 4 Research proposal, "Organized Labor, Nationalism and Revolution in Ethiopia and Eritrea, 1945-1975," 1981 box 3, folder 5 Revision notes, 1980s box 3, folder 6 "Education and Nation Building," 1993 box 3, folder 7 "Eritrea: Challenges of National Reconstruction," 1994 box 3, folder 8 Eritrea: Early colonial period, 1980s Scope and Contents note Includes handwritten notes and "The Empire of Work in Eritrea 1935-1941," a typed essay. box 3, folder 9 "Eritrea: Heritage of War and the Challenge of National Reconstruction," 1994 box 3, folder 10 Eritrea notes, 1993-1994 box 3, folder 11 "Eritrean Historical Studies: A Review of the Field," 1993 box 3, folder 12 "Eritrean History: A Review of the Literature," 1993-1994 box 3, folder 13 Eritrean Studies Newsletter [Killion, Tom, "The Eritrean Jihad and Repatriation of Refugees"] 1994 box 3, folder 14 "Eritrean Workers' Organization in the Colonial Period: 1890-1991," 1993 box 3, folder 15 "Eritrean Workers' Organization and Early Nationalist Mobilization: 1948-1958," 1997 box 3, folder 16 "Historical Interpretation of Underdevelopment Theory in Africa I: The Problem of the Formation of the West African Colonial Middle Class," 1979 Scope and Contents Tom Killion's third essay from his History 347 class during college. Register of the Tom Killion papers 2017C40 4 Speeches and Writings, 1970-1997 box 3, folder 17 "Historical Interpretation of Underdevelopment Theory in Africa II: The Problems of the Colonial Model of Afro-European Relations," 1979 Scope and Contents note Tom Killion's fourth essay from his History 347 class during college. box 3, folder 18 Ideology, "Why I Joined the Eritrean People's Liberation Front," handwritten notes, 1994 box 3, folder 19 Interviews with Eritrean workers, 1994 box 3, folder 20 "Introduction to Ethiopian Labor History: Workers' Organization in the Modern Sector, 1900-1974," 1981 box 3, folder 21 "Introduction: Workers' Organization and National Consciousness," 1994 box 3, folder 22 Lecture, "National Union of Eritrean Workers," Asmara University, 1994 box 3, folder 23 Labor movement, handwritten notes, 1980s box 4, folder 1 Martyrdom/ideology 1992-1993 box 4, folder 2 "National Service in the Eyes of Professor Tom Killion," interview in Haddas Eritrea/New Eritrea 1994 Language of Material: Tigrinya.
Recommended publications
  • 2004-Final-Program.Pdf
    2004 Hawaii International Conference on Education Honolulu, Hawaii Welcome to the Second Annual Hawaii International Conference on Education Aloha! We welcome you to the Second Annual Hawaii International Conference on Education. This event offers a rare opportunity for academics and other professionals from around the world to share their broad array of perspectives. True to its primary goal, this conference provides those with cross-disciplinary interests related to education to meet and interact with others inside and outside their own discipline. The international attendees to this conference bring a variety of viewpoints shaped by different cultures, languages, geography and politics. This diversity is also captured in the Hawaii International Conference’s unique cross-disciplinary approach. The resulting interaction energizes research as well as vocation. With Waikiki Beach, Diamond Head and the vast South Pacific as the backdrop, this venue is an important dimension of this conference. For centuries a stopping place of explorers, Hawaii has historically been enriched by the blend of ideas that have crossed our shores. The Hawaii International Conference on Education continues this tradition in the nurturing spirit of Aloha. Along with its ideal weather and striking beauty, the Hawaiian Islands provide natural elements to inspire learning and dialogue. The 2003 conference was a great success. We hosted more than 1,200 participants representing more than 40 countries. Thank you for joining the 2004 Hawaii International Conference on Education! Planning Committee Members Dr. William Pearman Dr. Melinda Wood Dr. Mary Mallott Dr. Ernest Oshiro Dr. Roland Stiller Dr. Eric Flower Dr. Terry Gregson Dr. David Yang The 2005 Hawaii International Conference on Education is scheduled for January 4 – 7, 2005.
    [Show full text]
  • Forging Plowshares in Eritrea Written by Louis Werner Photographed by Lorraine Chittock
    Forging Plowshares in Eritrea Written by Louis Werner Photographed by Lorraine Chittock North of the horn of Africa, between the regions known in Pharaonic times as Kush and punt-now northeastern Sudan and Somalia, respectively-one of the ancient world's oldest trading lands has become one of the modern world's youngest sovereign states. A funnel-shaped country as large as Pennsylvania, slightly smaller than England, Eritrea's narrow "spout" runs northwest to southeast between the Red Sea and Ethiopia. At its southern end, it borders diminutive Djibouti. In the north, the mouth of the funnel opens toward Sudan. Geography and history have given Eritrea its name, which comes from the Greek word erythros, "reddish," and the Greek name for the Red Sea, Erythra Thalassa. At the throat of the Eritrean funnel, a high central plateau, the site of Asmara, the capital, separates a sweltering coastal strip from game-rich lowlands in the northwest. In the south, the Danakil Depression lies 116 meters (380') below sea-level; the highlands of the north reach up to 2700 meters (8000'). This topographically and climatically diverse land was given its form by the same violent plate tectonics that began opening the Red Sea and ripping apart Africa's Rift Valley some 25 million years ago. Eritrea's physical diversity has its analogue in the nation's citizenry. When Italian ethnographer Conti Rossini called neighboring Ethiopia "a museum of peoples," he might well have included Eritrea in his assessment. The country's 3.8 million citizens are evenly divided between Muslims and Christians, and include nine major ethnic groups speaking nine different tongues classified in language groups from Nilo-Saharan to Kushitic and Semitic.
    [Show full text]
  • Vocabulary of the Tigré Language
    GOR^EIX . UNIVESStlt ft ^ VOCABULARY OF THE TIGRE LANGUAGE WRITTEN DOWN BY MORITZ VON BEURMANN PUBLISHED WITH A GRAMMATICAL SKETCH D* A. MERX OF THE UNIVERSITY OF JENA. HALLE, BUCHHANDLUNG DES WAISENHAUSES. 1868. LONDON, TRDEBNEK & COMP. 60, PATEENOSTEB HOW. &. Si Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924006049591 , VOCABULARY OP THE TIGRE LANGUAGE WRITTEN DOWN BY MORITZ VON BEURMANN PUBLISHED WITH A GRAMMATICAL SKETCH D* A. MERX OP THE UNIVERSITY OF JENA. HALLE, BUCHHANDLUNG BES WAISENHAUSES. 186 8. e , V-''' LONDON. V? ? TRUEBNER & COMP. 60, PATERNOSTER ROW. pr Z5 6f/ "JENA: PRINTED BY FK. PUOMMANN. TO THE MEMORY OF MORITZ VON BEURMANN THE ZEALOUS BUT UNHAPPY AFRICAN EXPLORER. PREFACE. When my late friend Moritz v. Beurmann returned from his first journey to Nubia and the North of Abyssinia in the year 1861, he brought with him a Tigre" servant, Abu Bekr, whom he had en- gaged at Massowa, and who had accompanied him already on his travels in the northern boundaries of Abyssinia. During his stay at Neisse he introduced the clever young man to me, and as he spoke besides his native language , Arabic and , if I am not mis- taken, Galla, I requested Beurmann to try, whether we might learn from him the general features of Tigre" , of which at that time nothing was known in Europe. Our common exertions were not unsuccessful, and as our first questions belonged to some very usual Ethiopic words, we were soon able to state the general changes , which the ancient dialect had suffered in the modern pronounciation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genesis of the Modern Eritrean Struggle (1942–1961) Nikolaos Biziouras Published Online: 14 Apr 2013
    This article was downloaded by: [US Naval Academy] On: 25 June 2013, At: 06:09 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK The Journal of the Middle East and Africa Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ujme20 The Genesis of the Modern Eritrean Struggle (1942–1961) Nikolaos Biziouras Published online: 14 Apr 2013. To cite this article: Nikolaos Biziouras (2013): The Genesis of the Modern Eritrean Struggle (1942–1961), The Journal of the Middle East and Africa, 4:1, 21-46 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21520844.2013.771419 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection
    [Show full text]
  • Handling of Out-Of-Vocabulary Words in Japanese-English Machine
    International Journal of Asian Language Processing 27(2): 95-110 95 Morphological Segmentation for English-to-Tigrinya Statistical Machine Translation Yemane Tedla and Kazuhide Yamamoto Natural Language Processing Lab Nagaoka University of Technology Nagaoka city, Niigata 940-2188, Japan [email protected], [email protected] Abstract We investigate the effect of morphological segmentation schemes on the performance of English-to-Tigrinya statistical machine translation. Tigrinya is a highly inflected Semitic language spoken in Eritrea and Ethiopia. Translation involving morphologically complex and low-resource languages is challenged by a number of factors including data sparseness, word alignment and language model. We try addressing these problems through morphological segmentation of Tigrinya words. As a result of segmentation, out-of-vocabulary and perplexity of the language models were greatly reduced. We analyzed phrase-based translation with unsegmented, stemmed, and morphologically segmented corpus to examine their impact on translation quality. Our results from a relatively small parallel corpus show improvement of 1.4 BLEU or 2.4 METEOR points between the raw text model and the morphologically segmented models suggesting that segmentation affects performance of English-to-Tigrinya machine translation significantly. Keywords Tigrinya language; statistical machine translation; low-resource; morphological segmentation 1. Introduction Machine translation systems translate one natural language, the source language, to another, the target language, automatically. The accuracy of statistical machine translation (SMT) systems may not be consistently perfect but often produces a sufficient comprehension of 96 Yemane Tedla and Yamamoto Kazuhide the information in the source language. The research presented here investigates English-to-Tigrinya translation system, using the Christian Holy Bible (“the Bible” hereafter) as a parallel corpus.
    [Show full text]
  • INFORMATION and COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) in EDUCATION in SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA a Comparative Analysis of Basic E-Readiness in Schools
    INFORMATION PAPER NO. 25 AUGUST 2015 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IN EDUCATION IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA A comparative analysis of basic e-readiness in schools UNESCO The constitution of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) was adopted by 20 countries at the London Conference in November 1945 and entered into effect on 4 November 1946. The Organization currently has 195 Member States and 9 Associate Members. The main objective of UNESCO is to contribute to peace and security in the world by promoting collaboration among nations through education, science, culture and communication in order to foster universal respect for justice, the rule of law, and the human rights and fundamental freedoms that are affirmed for the peoples of the world, without distinction of race, sex, language or religion, by the Charter of the United Nations. To fulfil its mandate, UNESCO performs five principal functions: 1) prospective studies on education, science, culture and communication for tomorrow's world; 2) the advancement, transfer and sharing of knowledge through research, training and teaching activities; 3) standard-setting actions for the preparation and adoption of internal instruments and statutory recommendations; 4) expertise through technical co-operation to Member States for their development policies and projects; and 5) the exchange of specialized information. UNESCO is headquartered in Paris, France. UNESCO Institute for Statistics The UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) is the statistical office of UNESCO and is the UN depository for global statistics in the fields of education, science and technology, culture and communication. The UIS was established in 1999. It was created to improve UNESCO's statistical programme and to develop and deliver the timely, accurate and policy-relevant statistics needed in today’s increasingly complex and rapidly changing social, political and economic environments.
    [Show full text]
  • A Mobile Based Tigrigna Language Learning Tool
    PAPER A MOBILE BASED TIGRIGNA LANGUAGE LEARNING TOOL A Mobile Based Tigrigna Language Learning Tool http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v9i2.4322 Hailay Kidu University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia Abstract—Mobile learning (ML) refers to the use of mobile Currently many people visit Tigray - or hope to do so and handheld IT devices such as Personal Digital Assistants one day - because of the remarkable manner in which (PDAs), mobile telephones, laptops and tablet PC technolo- ancient historical traditions have been preserved. There- gies, in teaching and learning. Mobile learning is a new form fore anybody who wishes to visit or stay in Tigray and in of learning, using mobile network and tools, expanding Eritrea can learn the language for communication in for- digital learning channel, gaining educational information, mal class from schools, colleges or Universities. But there educational resources and educational services anytime, is no why that provides learning out of the formal class anywhere .Mobile phone is superior to a computer in porta- [2][3]. bility. This technology also facilitates the learning by your- Tigrigna is the third most spoken language in Ethiopia, self process. Learning without teacher is easy in this scenar- after Amharic and Oromo, and by far the most spoken in io. The technology encourages learn anytime and anywhere. Eritrea. It is also spoken by large immigrant communities Learning a language is different from any other subject as it around the world, in countries including Sudan, Saudi combines explicit learning of vocabulary and language rules Arabia, Germany, Italy, Sweden, the United Kingdom, with unconscious skills development in the fluent applica- tion of both these things.
    [Show full text]
  • Kjeik Ibrahim Sultan Ali
    Remembering unique Eritreans in contemporary history A short biographical sketch Of Kjeik Ibrahim Sultan Ali Ibrahim Sultan in 1965 Source: google.com Compiled and edited from electronic sources By Kidane Mehari Nashi Oslo, Norway June 2013 Table of content Early life Ibrahim Sultan: Working life British Administration of Eritrea followed by Federation with Ethiopia Political activities: Formation of Al Rabita Al Islamia At the United Nations Waala Biet Ghiorgis Historic contributions of Kjekk Ibrahim Sultan Ali Exile and participation in armed struggle End of life – two years before independence Early life Ibrahim Sultan Ali (1909-1987) was one of the original proponents of the Eritrean Independence movement. Ibrahim was born in the city of Keren where he was educated in Islamic and Italian schools. He worked closely with Woldeab Woldemariam before the Federation with Ethiopia to secure Eritrean Independence. He was the founder of the Eritrean Moslem League. Birth and family: Ibrahim Sultan Ali was born in Keren in March 1909 of a farmer/trader Tigre/serf from the Rugbat of Ghizghiza district in Sahel. He attended Quran School under Khalifa Jaafer of the Halanga of Kassala. In Keren, he attended technical training at Salvaggio Raggi and at Umberto School in Asmara. His only son Abdulwahab, lives in Paris. Ibrahim Sultan: Working life Joining the Eritrean Rail Ibrahim Sultan worked as a chief conductor from 1922 to 1926. From 1926 to 1941, he was head of Islamic Affairs section under Italian rule. Served as civil servant in Keren, Agordat, Tessenei, Adi Ugri and even Wiqro near Mekele for six months.
    [Show full text]
  • A Tigrinya Language Council
    NOTES AND NEWS 63 The main principle is that an Ngombe word is recognized as belonging to one or other word-group (' part of speech '), not, as in English, by its use and meaning, but by its form. As everybody knows, a Bantu word generally consists of a core or radical, to which are attached various prefixes, infixes, and suffixes. Except in ideophones, this radical in Ngombe has a tone, integral and fixed, high or low. Its basic form is Consonant-Vowel-Consonant, e.g. -OIP- (' shut'). The affixes modify the intrinsic meaning carried by the core and bind the structure of the sentence. There are four major groups of words. The nominals, containing each a fixed prefix, are invariable. The distinction between ' singular ' and 'plural' has no grammatical significance: for example, molangi (' bottle ') and milangi (' bottles ') are two independent words existing each in its own right. There are independent and dependent nominals, the latter containing a variable prefix which imitates the initial syllable of the in- dependent nominals with which they are linked. Older grammarians would call these ' adjectives ', ' pronouns ', ' adverbs ', 'conjunctions '. The next group, the verbals, differ from nominals in that alternating affixes occur both before and after the central core, the prefixes referring to the preceding independent nominal. The remaining words in Ngombe are either particles, which are used to associate words in sentence-construction, or ideophones. The independent nominals are grouped in genders—' classes ', we used to call them. Mr. Price proceeds to divide dependent nominals into adnominals and pronominals, corresponding roughly to ' adjectives ' and ' pronouns '.
    [Show full text]
  • Nationalism, Mass Militarization, and the Education of Eritrea
    The Struggling State The Struggling State Nationalism, Mass Militarization, and the Education of Eritrea Jennifer Riggan TEMPLE UNIVERSITY PRESS Philadelphia • Rome • Tokyo TEMPLE UNIVERSITY PRESS Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress Copyright © 2016 by Temple University—Of The Commonwealth System of Higher Education All rights reserved Published 2016 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Riggan, Jennifer, 1971– author. The struggling state : nationalism, mass militarization, and the education of Eritrea / Jennifer Riggan. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4399-1270-6 (cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-4399-1272-0 (e-book) 1. Civil-military relations—Eritrea. 2. Militarization—Eritrea. 3. Militarism—Eritrea. 4. Teachers—Eritrea. 5. Education and state— Eritrea. 6. Nationalism—Eritrea. 7. Eritrea—Politics and government —1993– I. Title. JQ3583.A38R54 2016 320.9635—dc23 2015013666 The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992 Printed in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For Ermias Contents Acknowledgments ix Introduction: Everyday Authoritarianism, Teachers, and the Decoupling of Nation and State 1 1 Struggling for the Nation: Contradictions of Revolutionary Nationalism 33 2 “It Seemed like a Punishment”: Coercive State Effects and the Maddening State 57 3 Students or Soldiers? Troubled State Technologies and the Imagined Future of Educated Eritrea 89 4 Educating Eritrea: Disorder, Disruption, and Remaking the Nation 122 5 The Teacher State: Morality and Everyday Sovereignty over Schools 155 Conclusion: Escape, Encampment, and the Alchemy of Nationalism 193 Notes 211 References 221 Index 231 Acknowledgments have tried to write this book with honesty, integrity, and compassion.
    [Show full text]
  • The Question of Structural Violence on the Saho People of Eritrea, in Spite of Their Important Role During the Eritrean Struggle for Independence
    Faculty of Humanities, Social Science and Education Centre for Peace Studies The Question of Structural Violence on the Saho people of Eritrea, in spite of their important role during the Eritrean Struggle for Independence Romodan Abdellah Esmail Master’s Thesis in Peace and Conflict Transformation: SVF-3901 University of Tromsø, Norway June 2015 Foreword This thesis is written as a completion to the Master of Peace and Conflict Transformation at the University of Tromsø, Norway. The research focuses on structural violence against the Saho people of Eritrea, a cultural minority group. There is very little information about the Saho people in general and about structural violence on the Saho people in particular. Moreover, under the contemporary despotic government of Eritrea, minority voices become unheard and even forbidden. Their suffering as well has become unrecognized. From these perspectives and as a member of the population being studied, the topic was initiated and selected by myself. The main intention of the research is to hopefully give a reader deeper insight and understanding about the overall situation, mainly the question of structural violence, on the Saho people under the current regime of Eritrea. The full scope of the research is the Saho people therefore it has mainly relied on understandings and narrations of the Saho people. As a true revealing task, the research has chosen to link a human rights and justice perspective to the topic, in line with the research field. Since the current situation of the Saho people are products of pre independence historic processes, as a background, pre independence history of the Saho people has been covered.
    [Show full text]
  • The Tigre Language of Gindaʿ, Eritrea Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics
    The Tigre Language of Gindaʿ, Eritrea Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics Editorial Board A.D. Rubin and C.H.M. Versteegh VOLUME 75 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/ssl The Tigre Language of Gindaʿ, Eritrea Short Grammar and Texts By David L. Elias LEIDEN | BOSTON Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Elias, David L. The Tigre language of Ginda Eritrea : short grammar and texts / By David L. Elias. pages cm. — (Studies in semitic languages and linguistics ; 75) Thesis (Ph. D., Dept. of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations)—Harvard University, 2005. Originally published as “Tigre of Habab : short grammar and texts from the Rigbat people”. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-27119-7 (hardback : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-90-04-27120-3 (e-book : alk. paper) 1. Tigre language—Grammar. 2. Tigre language—Dialects—Eritrea. 3. Tigrinya (African people) I. Title. PJ9131.E45 2014 492‘.827—dc23 2014006704 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual ‘Brill’ typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, ipa, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 0081-8461 isbn 978-90-04-27119-7 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-27120-3 (e-book) Copyright 2014 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Nijhoff, Global Oriental and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher.
    [Show full text]