Island (1950–2010)1
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
OGC-98-5 U.S. Insular Areas: Application of the U.S. Constitution
United States General Accounting Office Report to the Chairman, Committee on GAO Resources, House of Representatives November 1997 U.S. INSULAR AREAS Application of the U.S. Constitution GAO/OGC-98-5 United States General Accounting Office GAO Washington, D.C. 20548 Office of the General Counsel B-271897 November 7, 1997 The Honorable Don Young Chairman Committee on Resources House of Representatives Dear Mr. Chairman: More than 4 million U.S. citizens and nationals live in insular areas1 under the jurisdiction of the United States. The Territorial Clause of the Constitution authorizes the Congress to “make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property” of the United States.2 Relying on the Territorial Clause, the Congress has enacted legislation making some provisions of the Constitution explicitly applicable in the insular areas. In addition to this congressional action, courts from time to time have ruled on the application of constitutional provisions to one or more of the insular areas. You asked us to update our 1991 report to you on the applicability of provisions of the Constitution to five insular areas: Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (the CNMI), American Samoa, and Guam. You asked specifically about significant judicial and legislative developments concerning the political or tax status of these areas, as well as court decisions since our earlier report involving the applicability of constitutional provisions to these areas. We have included this information in appendix I. 1As we did in our 1991 report on this issue, Applicability of Relevant Provisions of the U.S. -
Empire, Racial Capitalism and International Law: the Case of Manumitted Haiti and the Recognition Debt
Leiden Journal of International Law (2018), 31, pp. 597–615 C Foundation of the Leiden Journal of International Law 2018 doi:10.1017/S0922156518000225 INTERNATIONAL LEGAL THEORY Empire, Racial Capitalism and International Law: The Case of Manumitted Haiti and the Recognition Debt ∗ LILIANA OBREGON´ Abstract Before 1492, European feudal practices racialized subjects in order to dispossess, enslave and colonize them. Enslavement of different peoples was a centuries old custom authorized by the lawofnationsandfundamentaltotheeconomiesofempire.Manumission,thoughexceptional, helped to sustain slavery because it created an expectation of freedom, despite the fact that the freed received punitive consequences. In the sixteenth century, as European empires searched for cheaper and more abundant sources of labour with which to exploit their colonies, the Atlantic slave trade grew exponentially as slaves became equated with racialized subjects. This article presents the case of Haiti as an example of continued imperial practices sustained by racial capitalism and the law of nations. In 1789, half a million slaves overthrew their French masters from the colony of Saint Domingue. After decades of defeating recolonization efforts and the loss of almost half their population and resources, Haitian leaders believed their declared independence of 1804 was insufficient, so in 1825 they reluctantly accepted recognition by France while being forced to pay an onerous indemnity debt. Though Haiti was manumitted through the promise of a debt payment, at the same time the new state was re-enslaved as France’s commercial colony. The indemnity debt had consequences for Haiti well into the current century, as today Haiti is one of the poorest and most dependent nations in the world. -
Agroforestry: Enhancing Resiliency in U.S
Southeast and Caribbean Sarah Workman, Becky Barlow, and John Fike Sarah Workman is the associate director of the Highlands Biological Station, University of North Carolina; Becky Barlow is an associate professor, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University; John Fike is an associate professor, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech. Description of the Region (fig. A.15). All of these land uses provide significant produc- tivity and income. The Southeast encompasses physiographic Cropland and pastureland occupy significant portions of land provinces, or ecoregions (Wear and Greis 2012), that have area in the Southeastern United States. Forests occupy from 50 unique climate, fire history, and composition of vegetation. to 69 percent of the land within each State in the region From the physiographic province of the Appalachian Mountains Figure A.15. Acres of landuse categories of the 11 Southeastern States. (Map and table prepared by William M. Christie, Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Asheville, NC). Agroforestry: Enhancing Resiliency in U.S. Agricultural Landscapes Under Changing Conditions 189 to the alluvial plains of the Mis sissippi River Basin, within land use outside developed zones is perhaps best viewed in deciduous forests of Kentucky and Tennessee and the Interior terms of the nature of woody plant cover and whether animals Highlands of the Ozarks, to the Piedmont, Flatwoods, and are excluded or allowed access. Both Puerto Rico and the U.S. Coastal Plains, a large portion of the land area is appropriate Virgin Islands are experiencing a trend toward an increase in for implementing several types of agroforestry, integrating woody cover with the loss of agricultural land and pastureland either crops or livestock, or both, with trees and woody (Brandeis and Turner 2013a, 2013b; Brandeis et al. -
Solon Communal Section, St. Louis Du Sud Commune Imagery Analysis:28 April 2017 | Published 02 May 2017 FL20170424HTI
HAITI AÆ Flood Solon Communal Section, St. Louis du Sud Commune Imagery analysis:28 April 2017 | Published 02 May 2017 FL20170424HTI 73°36'30"W 73°36'0"W 73°35'30"W INSET : 28 April 2017 Saturated wet soil N " N 0 ' " 7 0 ' 1 7 ° 1 8 ° 1 8 1 H A I T I P¥¦¬ort-au-Prince Map location Satellite Detected Water and/or Sucrerie Henry N " N Saturated Wet Soil Extent in 0 " 3 ' 0 6 3 ' 1 6 Solon Communal Section, Haiti ° 1 8 ° 1 8 1 See inset for close-up view of This map illustrates the satellite-detected an affected area water and/or saturated wet soil extent in Solon Communal Section, St. Louis du Sud Commune in Sud Department located in the southwestern part of Haiti. The UNITAR- UNOSAT analysis used a WorldView-2 satellite image acquired on the 28 April 2017 Solon and could observe areas with standing River waters and saturated wet soil mainly affecting agricultural fields. The UNITAR- N " UNOSAT analysis identified 118 ha of those N St. Louis du Sud 0 ' " 6 0 ' Sud 1 6 ° 1 8 areas, which cover 8.50% of this map's ° 1 8 extent of 1385 ha of land. This is a 1 preliminary analysis and has not yet been validated in the field. Please send ground feedback to UNITAR-UNOSAT. Legend Village Primary road Secondary road N " N 0 " 3 ' Local road 0 5 3 ' 1 5 ° 1 8 ° 1 River 8 1 Baie Dumerle Commune boundary Communal section boundary Cloud mask Satellite detected water and saturated wet soil : 28 April 2017 Saturated wet soil N " N 0 ' " 5 0 ' R i v i e r e M o m b i n 1 5 ° 1 8 ° 1 8 1 River Map Scale for A3: 1:12,500 I! Meters 0 125 250 375 500 73°36'30"W 73°36'0"W 73°35'30"W Analysis conducted with ArcGIS v10.4 Satellite Data: WorldView-2 Baseline Data : CNIGS - Open Street Map The depiction and use of boundaries, geographic names and related data shown here are not warranted Imagery Date: 28 April 2017 Analysis : UNITAR - UNOSAT to be error-free nor do they imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. -
Piracy, Illicit Trade, and the Construction of Commercial
Navigating the Atlantic World: Piracy, Illicit Trade, and the Construction of Commercial Networks, 1650-1791 Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by Jamie LeAnne Goodall, M.A. Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2016 Dissertation Committee: Margaret Newell, Advisor John Brooke David Staley Copyright by Jamie LeAnne Goodall 2016 Abstract This dissertation seeks to move pirates and their economic relationships from the social and legal margins of the Atlantic world to the center of it and integrate them into the broader history of early modern colonization and commerce. In doing so, I examine piracy and illicit activities such as smuggling and shipwrecking through a new lens. They act as a form of economic engagement that could not only be used by empires and colonies as tools of competitive international trade, but also as activities that served to fuel the developing Caribbean-Atlantic economy, in many ways allowing the plantation economy of several Caribbean-Atlantic islands to flourish. Ultimately, in places like Jamaica and Barbados, the success of the plantation economy would eventually displace the opportunistic market of piracy and related activities. Plantations rarely eradicated these economies of opportunity, though, as these islands still served as important commercial hubs: ports loaded, unloaded, and repaired ships, taverns attracted a variety of visitors, and shipwrecking became a regulated form of employment. In places like Tortuga and the Bahamas where agricultural production was not as successful, illicit activities managed to maintain a foothold much longer. -
Download Table 93
National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics | NSF 21-329 TABLE 93 Federal obligations for R&D plant, by state or location and selected agency: FY 2019 (Dollars in thousands) State or location Total DHS DOC DOD DOE DOI DOT EPA HHS NASA NSF USDA All locations 4,329,453.9 1,306.0 464,332.3 609,655.9 2,245,499.5 4,646.5 39,261.0 4,695.0 243,000.0 35,925.4 652,140.0 28,992.4 Alabama 125,340.2 0.0 0.0 122,721.8 0.0 0.0 529.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,089.0 0.0 Alaska 6,648.3 0.0 6,287.0 54.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 306.4 0.0 Arizona 12,537.1 0.0 0.0 262.3 0.0 0.0 8.8 0.0 5,045.7 0.0 6,445.1 775.2 Arkansas 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 California 676,511.6 0.0 4,062.0 67,315.7 544,473.1 0.0 1,023.7 0.0 0.0 15,377.1 38,278.0 5,982.0 Colorado 365,052.1 0.0 17,195.1 34,880.0 305,460.0 0.0 1,679.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 4,115.1 1,722.2 Connecticut 1,481.4 1,306.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 175.4 0.0 Delaware 9,559.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9,559.9 0.0 District of Columbia 150,500.7 0.0 0.0 37,780.9 23,000.0 0.0 4,937.4 913.6 0.0 0.0 83,755.3 113.5 Florida 33,775.9 0.0 14,211.0 4,742.5 0.0 0.0 5.0 165.6 0.0 8,026.6 5,254.8 1,370.5 Georgia 6,592.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 112.3 0.0 0.0 2,681.6 3,798.6 Hawaii 24,289.5 0.0 4,276.0 7,437.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,478.2 0.0 6,098.2 0.0 Idaho 3,395.0 0.0 0.0 2,590.0 400.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 405.0 0.0 Illinois 471,335.8 0.0 0.0 16,141.5 444,871.6 0.0 104.3 0.0 3,269.5 0.0 6,949.0 0.0 Indiana 8,852.3 0.0 0.0 2,550.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6,302.3 0.0 Iowa 2,081.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,000.0 0.0 -
ISO Country Codes
COUNTRY SHORT NAME DESCRIPTION CODE AD Andorra Principality of Andorra AE United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates AF Afghanistan The Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan AG Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda (includes Redonda Island) AI Anguilla Anguilla AL Albania Republic of Albania AM Armenia Republic of Armenia Netherlands Antilles (includes Bonaire, Curacao, AN Netherlands Antilles Saba, St. Eustatius, and Southern St. Martin) AO Angola Republic of Angola (includes Cabinda) AQ Antarctica Territory south of 60 degrees south latitude AR Argentina Argentine Republic America Samoa (principal island Tutuila and AS American Samoa includes Swain's Island) AT Austria Republic of Austria Australia (includes Lord Howe Island, Macquarie Islands, Ashmore Islands and Cartier Island, and Coral Sea Islands are Australian external AU Australia territories) AW Aruba Aruba AX Aland Islands Aland Islands AZ Azerbaijan Republic of Azerbaijan BA Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina BB Barbados Barbados BD Bangladesh People's Republic of Bangladesh BE Belgium Kingdom of Belgium BF Burkina Faso Burkina Faso BG Bulgaria Republic of Bulgaria BH Bahrain Kingdom of Bahrain BI Burundi Republic of Burundi BJ Benin Republic of Benin BL Saint Barthelemy Saint Barthelemy BM Bermuda Bermuda BN Brunei Darussalam Brunei Darussalam BO Bolivia Republic of Bolivia Federative Republic of Brazil (includes Fernando de Noronha Island, Martim Vaz Islands, and BR Brazil Trindade Island) BS Bahamas Commonwealth of the Bahamas BT Bhutan Kingdom of Bhutan -
Haiti: a Case Study of the International Response and the Efficacy of Nongovernmental Organizations in the Crisis
HAITI: A CASE STUDY OF THE INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE AND THE EFFICACY OF NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE CRISIS by Leslie A. Benton* Glenn T. Ware** I. INTRODUCTION In 1990, a military coup ousted the democratically-elected president of Haiti, Jean- Bertrand Aristide. The United States led the international response to the coup, Operation Uphold Democracy, a multinational military intervention meant to restore the legitimate government of Haiti. The operation enjoyed widespread support on many levels: the United Nations provided the mandate, the Organization of American States (OAS) supported it, and many countries participated in the multinational force and the follow-on United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH). International, regional, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) worked with the multinational force and later the UNMIH to restore the elected government and to provide humanitarian assistance to the people of Haiti. This article focuses on the latter aspect of the international response–the delivery of humanitarian aid. It closely examines the methods of interorganization coordination,[1] with particular attention given to the interaction among NGOs and the United States military. An examination of that relationship indicates that the infrastructure the military used to coordinate with the NGO community–the Civil Military Operations Center (CMOC)–was critical to the success of the humanitarian mission. Because both the military and the humanitarian community will probably have to work together again in humanitarian assistance operations in response to civil strife, each community must draw on the lessons of past operations to identify problems in coordination and to find solutions to those problems. II. THE STORY A. Haiti’s History: 1462-1970[2] Modern Haitian history began in 1492 when Christopher Columbus landed on Haiti near Cape Haitien on the north coast of Hispaniola.[3] At first, the island was an important colony and the seat of Spanish government in the New World, but Spain’s interest in Hispaniola soon waned. -
Sustentable De Especies De Tortuga
Plan de acción de América del Norte para un comercio sustentable de especies de tortuga Comisión para la Cooperación Ambiental Citar como: CCA (2017), Plan de acción de América del Norte para un comercio sustentable de especies de tortuga, Comisión para la Cooperación Ambiental, Montreal, 56 pp. La presente publicación fue elaborada por Peter Paul van Dijk y Ernest W. T. Cooper, de E. Cooper Environmental Consulting, para el Secretariado de la Comisión para la Cooperación Ambiental. La información que contiene es responsabilidad de los autores y no necesariamente refleja los puntos de vista de los gobiernos de Canadá, Estados Unidos o México. Se permite la reproducción de este material sin previa autorización, siempre y cuando se haga con absoluta precisión, su uso no tenga fines comerciales y se cite debidamente la fuente, con el correspondiente crédito a la Comisión para la Cooperación Ambiental. La CCA apreciará que se le envíe una copia de toda publicación o material que utilice este trabajo como fuente. A menos que se indique lo contrario, el presente documento está protegido mediante licencia de tipo “Reconocimiento – No comercial – Sin obra derivada”, de Creative Commons. Detalles de la publicación Categoría del documento: publicación de proyecto Fecha de publicación: mayo de 2017 Idioma original: inglés Procedimientos de revisión y aseguramiento de la calidad: Revisión final de las Partes: abril de 2017 QA313 Proyecto: Fortalecimiento de la conservación y el aprovechamiento sustentable de especies listadas en el Apéndice II de -
Geospatial Data Availability for Haiti: an Aid in the Development of GIS-Based Natural Resource Assessments for Conservation Planning
United States Department of Agriculture Geospatial Data Availability Forest Service for Haiti: An Aid in the International Institute of Tropical Forestry Development of GIS-Based General Technical Report Natural Resource Assessments IITF-GTR-33 February 2007 for Conservation Planning Maya Quiñones, William Gould, and Carlos D. Rodríguez-Pedraza The Forest Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture is dedicated to the principle of multiple use management of the Nation’s forest resources for sustained yields of wood, water, forage, wildlife, and recreation. Through forestry research, cooperation with the States and private forest owners, and management of the National Forests and National Grasslands, it strives—as directed by Congress—to provide increasingly greater service to a growing Nation. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Authors Maya Quiñones is a cartographic technician, William Gould is a research ecologist, and Carlos D. -
The Transatlantic Cocaine Market
Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel.: (+43-1) 26060-0, Fax: (+43-1) 26060-5866, www.unodc.org The Transatlantic Cocaine Market Research Paper United Nations publication FOR UNITED NATIONS USE ONLY ISBN ???-??-?-??????-? ISSN ????-???? Sales No. T.08.XI.7 Printed in Austria ST/NAR.3/2007/1 (E/NA) job no.—Date—copies April 2011 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was prepared by the Studies and Threat Analysis Section in collaboration with the Regional Office in Senegal and the Integrated Programme and Oversight Branch of UNODC. The following staff members contributed to this document: Studies and Threat Analysis Section: Thibault Le Pichon, Thomas Pietschmann, Ted Leggett, Raggie Johansen Regional Office in Senegal: Alexandre Schmidt, David Izadifar Integrated Programme and Oversight Branch: Aisser Al-Hafedh, Olivier Inizan Strategic Planning Unit: Gautam Babbar DISCLAIMER This report has not been formally edited. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNODC concerning the legal status of any country, territory or city or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers and boundaries. The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views of the Member States. The Transatlantic Cocaine Market Key findings....................................................................................................................... 2 Key data / estimates ......................................................................................................... -
Port-Au-Prince HAITI
77 78 79 780 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 790 91 a d a d r Y a p n T 4 m o 2 a e I b b rcin l a e a r Cl Ru r V e Ra e s e m 9 1 o 1 t e u a e n u n n R i a o rc m C S l le l o e C uf e C e r r p N r e p c g Im i g R m i R l u 0 I C n e 1 3 o e L e re 1 9 e u e r ne P r i t e L R r a rc 1 e i a b le 9 e u s u C D i b a R u e a e u s T T Port-au-Prince S S R é 21 an v B re t è d ar o r d b e u Ta 15 9 O C c e e SARTHE to le µ br tt e r d e c i l R CAZEAU l in v . o e e I G 1:10,000 t Ru m O u CARREFOUR CLERCINE l R i p e u p A u e e ug H u R s u ta b 57 e 57 HAITI 0 150 300 600 900 1,200 r R t u e O Meters s c DROUILLARD R a u r e R R CARREFOUR MARASSA S C eneq ue u e u l e e R S u r a C e c i V n h i r r o n t lle Vi i u R p s g e Im 9 t e e B l R Building Highway i R 1 I rt m J 6 m × e e e u 8 " 2 l p ob y U ) e R v l o i l 4 V l i e 2 S u e u l R n l 0 l s o i e o c 2 s t 6 u a S e l u i e l i 1 2 n Primary 4 R t o 1 e e e l 1 l i l Embassy u S l i D o e i l R e " R e e R ) S e l u o l D u o e u e S o O r R S v o e u S i Secondary Street e d u F R e e u e il a u 6 l irport u a R nal A m R r natio R d ter nce In il Fire Station u-Pri i 8 ort-A e F P l " Arterial Street i e 3 l 2 o 6 l 1 i 1 S ne R 2 ci CARREFOUR FLEURIOT e er u l l e Cl i e Unclassified o 9 u e l 1 Gas Station S R CITE SOLEIL R o l 1 "H i e e B S e r l A f u N l o .