IT ARCHIVE Executive Committee

Chief Patron : Thiru. E. R. Kaarthikeyan M.A., Patron : Dr. N. Rajagopal M.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D., PGDCA. D.A., Editor in Chief : Prof. D. Gayathri Devi M.C.A., M.Phil,

Staff Advisor NAVIGATOR Mr. S. Vijayakumar M.C.A., M.Phil. Lecturer (SS), Department of M.C.A., VOL-21

Multidimensional Database 3 StafStafff Editor Mrs. V.Valli Mayil M.C.A., M.Phil.,

Lecturer (SG), Department of M.C.A.,

Linux Focus 13 Organizing Members

Mr. Ram Kumar.N II-MCA. Technologies Mr. Narayan Chalise II-MCA. -Quick time X 18 Ms. Sabitha.E II-MCA. Ms. Brindha .C II-MCA. Mr. Madhan kumar.M II-MCA. Mr. Madhan.D II-MCA. Intellect Explore 22 Mr.Karthikeyan.R I-MCA. I

Mr.Balukumar.P I-MCA. Mr.Raffic Raja.R I-MCA. Career Objectives 24 Ms.Soundariya.T I-MCA. Ms.Srilakshmi.T.V I-MCA.

Windows 7 26

Company Profile 29

Tips and Tricks 30

Quotable Words Monthly Event Gist 32

 There's many a bestseller that could have been prevented by a good teacher.

 Fill the unforgiving minute with sixty seconds worth of distance run.

 The truth is more important than the facts.

1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We wish to thank Thiru. E.R.Kaarthikeyan, M.A., Correspondent, Kongu Arts and Science College, Erode and our Management for the support to publish the magazine. Dr. N. Rajagopal M.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D., PGDCA., D.A., Principal, Kongu Arts and Science College, has provided considerable support to us during this effort. We proudly thank our Chief Editor, Staff Advisor, Staff Editor, Staff members and the students of Department of M.C.A for their guidance and suggestions to complete the magazine.

2 MULTIDIMENSIONAL DATABASE

Introduction The usage of multidimensional database in internet application is very effective because A multidimensional database is a of the data can be accessed quickly and form of database that is designed to make succinctly. For instance, when an end user the best use of storing and utilizing data. want to determine how many widget sales Usually structured in order to optimize are generated during the third quarter of the online analytical processing (OLAP) and past year in a given sales territory, this data data warehouse applications, the could be obtained from a Multidimensional multidimensional database can receive data database with a simple question by asking from a variety of relational databases and “How may widgets were sold during third structure the information into categories and quarter 2007 within the Southwest sections that can be accessed in a number of Territory?” the end user does not have to go different ways. Even persons who have through the steps of building a report, relatively little experience working with a specifying fields, and restricting content database often find that a multidimensional within those fields in selection criteria. The database, or MDB, requires only a short use of one simple question will accomplish time to master. While just about every the task of generating criteria. relational database is structured for keyword searches and building a query by specifying Online 0Analytical 0Processing fields and perimeters, the multidimensional (OLAP) database goes one step further. Rather then building a query, a user simply poses the Online analytical processing, or OLAP , is question in everyday verbiage. This an approach used to quickly answer multi- approach is used with several online help dimensional analytical queries. OLAP is part tools associated with software programs of the broader category of business such as word processing and spreadsheet intelligence, which also encompasses applications, as well as several of the more relational reporting and data mining. The popular search engines currently in use. typical applications of OLAP are in business

3 reporting for sales, marketing, management Date/Time label that describes more about reporting, business process management that sale. (BPM), budgeting and forecasting, financial More number of dimensions can be added to reporting and similar areas. The term OLAP the structure such as Store, Cashier, or was created as a slight modification of the Customer by adding a column to the fact traditional database term OLTP. Databases table. This allows an analyst to view the configured for OLAP use a measures along any combination of the multidimensional data model, allowing for dimensions . complex analytical and ad-hoc queries with a rapid execution time. They borrow aspects The output of an OLAP query is typically of navigational databases and hierarchical displayed in a matrix (or pivot) format. The databases that are faster than relational dimensions form the rows and columns of databases. The core of any OLAP system is the matrix are the measures form values. the concept of an OLAP cube (also called a multidimensional cube or a hypercube ). It Multidimensional databases consists of numeric facts called measures which are categorized by dimensions . The Multidimensional structure is defined as “a cube metadata is typically created from a variation of the relational model that uses star schema or snowflake schema of tables multidimensional structures to organize data in a relational database. Measures are and express the relationships between data”. derived from the records in the fact table and The structure is broken into cubes and the dimensions are derived from the dimension cubes are able to store and access data. tables. “Each cell within a multidimensional structure contains aggregated data related to Each measure can be thought of as having a elements along each of its dimensions”. set of labels , or meta-data associated with it. Even when data is manipulated it is still easy A dimension describes the labels ; it provides to access and store the compact type of information about the measure . database. The data still remains interrelated. Multidimensional structure is quite popular A simple example would be a cube that for analytical databases that use online contains a store's sales as a measure , and analytical processing (OLAP) applications. Date/Time as a dimension . Each Sale has a

4 Analytical databases use these databases • Automated computation of higher because of their ability to deliver answers level aggregates of the data. quickly to complex business queries. Data • It is very compact for low dimension can be seen from different ways, which data sets. gives a broader picture of a problem unlike • Effective data extract achieved other models. through the pre-structuring of aggregated data. Types Disadvantages of MOLAP OLAP systems have been traditionally categorized using the following taxonomy. • The processing step (data load) can be quite lengthy, especially on large Molap data volumes. This is usually remedied by doing only incremental MOLAP stands for Multidimensional processing, i.e., processing only the Online Analytical Processing. data which has changed (usually new MOLAP is the 'classic' form of OLAP and data) instead of reprocessing the is sometimes referred to as just OLAP. entire data set. MOLAP stores the data in optimized multi- • MOLAP tools traditionally have dimensional array storage, rather than in a difficulty querying models with relational database. dimensions with very high cardinality (i.e., millions of Advantages of MOLAP members). • Some MOLAP products have • Fast query performance due to difficulty in updating and querying optimized storage, multidimensional models with more than ten indexing and caching. dimensions. This limit differs • Smaller on-disk size of data depending on the complexity and compared to data stored in relational cardinality of the dimensions in database due to compression question. It also depends on the techniques. number of facts or measures stored.

5 Other MOLAP products can handle Therefore, ROLAP still involves creating an hundreds of dimensions. additional copy of the data. However, since • MOLAP approach introduces data it is a database, a variety of technologies can redundancy. be used to populate the database.

Relational Advantages of ROLAP

ROLAP stands for Relational Online • ROLAP is considered to be more Analytical Processing. scalable in handling large data volumes, especially models with ROLAP works directly with relational dimensions with very high databases. The base data and the dimension cardinality (i.e. millions of tables are stored as relational tables and new members). tables are created to hold the aggregated information depends on a specialized • With a variety of data loading tools schema design. available, and the ability to fine tune the ETL code to the particular data ROLAP does not require the pre- model, load times are generally computation and storage of information. much shorter than with the Instead, ROLAP tools access the data in a automated MOLAP loads. relational database and generate SQL queries to calculate information at the • The data is stored in a standard appropriate level when an end user requests relational database and can be it. With ROLAP, it is possible to create accessed by any SQL reporting tool additional database tables ( summary tables (the tool does not have to be an or aggregations ) which summarize the data OLAP tool). at any desired combination of dimensions. • ROLAP tools are better at handling While ROLAP uses a relational database non-aggregately facts (e.g. textual source, generally the database must be descriptions). MOLAP tools tend to carefully designed for ROLAP use. A suffer from slow performance when database which was designed for OLTP will querying these elements. not function well as a ROLAP database.

6 • By decoupling the data storage from Hybrid the multi-dimensional model, it is possible to successfully model data There is no clear agreement across the that would not otherwise fit into a industry as to what constitutes "Hybrid strict dimensional model. OLAP", except that a database will divide data between relational and specialized Disadvantages of ROLAP storage. For example, for some vendors, a HOLAP database will use relational tables • There is a consensus in the industry to hold the larger quantities of detailed data, that ROLAP tools have slower and use specialized storage for at least some performance than MOLAP tools. aspects of the smaller quantities of more- However, see the discussion below aggregate or less-detailed data. about ROLAP performance. HOLAP (Hybrid Online Analytical • The loading of aggregate tables Processing) is a combination of ROLAP and must be managed by custom ETL MOLAP which are other possible code. The ROLAP tools do not help implementations of OLAP. HOLAP allows with this task. This means additional storing part of the data in a MOLAP store development time and more code to and another part of the data in a ROLAP support. store. The degree of control that the cube designer has over this partitioning varies • When the step of creating aggregate from product to product. tables is skipped, the query performance then suffers because the Comparing the Use of Molap, larger detailed tables must be Holap and Rolap queried. This can be partially remedied by adding additional The type of storage medium impacts on aggregate tables; however it is still cube processing time, cube storage and cube not practical to create aggregate browsing speed. Some of the factors that tables for all combinations of affect MOLAP storage are: dimensions/attributes.

7 Cube browsing is the fastest when using data mart. In this article, we name the data MOLAP. This is so even in cases where no mart specifically designed for the aggregations have been done. The data is multidimensional analytics as the OLAP stored in a compressed multidimensional data mart. The DB2 DWE OLAP data mart format and can be accessed quickly than in is a database with the following the relational database. Browsing is very characteristics: slow in ROLAP about the same in • It has a star or snowflake-like HOLAP.Processing time is slower in dimensional database schema design. ROLAP, especially at higher levels of • The database is enabled for storing aggregation. OLAP metadata, including an OLAP MOLAP storage takes up more space than models and cubes. HOLAP as data is copied and at very low • The database may contain levels of aggregation it takes up more room materialized query tables (MQTs), than ROLAP. ROLAP takes almost no the pre-joined and pre-aggregated storage space as data is not duplicated. tables for DWE OLAP models and However ROALP aggregations take up cubes. more space than MOLAP or HOLAP • OLAP and the data warehouse aggregations. • OLAP is one of the reporting All data is stored in the cube in MOLAP and implementations in most data data can be viewed even when the original warehouse solutions. An OLAP data source is not available. In ROLAP data solution is sometimes misleadingly cannot be viewed unless connected to the called a data warehouse solution. data source. MOLAP can handle very This is especially the case when the limited data only as all data is stored in the OLAP solution is developed for a cube. department or for limited user OLAP Data Mart groups. • The most important feature of a data A data mart is a subset of a data warehouse warehouse is data integration, while designed for a specific group of users or a the most important purpose of a data particular subject area. OLAP is one of the warehouse is informational data approaches to the analysis of the data in a

8 presentation. The OLAP service is data that resides in the base tables and also not primary designed for data describes where pertinent data is located. A integration; however, it is a powerful cube model provides a new perspective for data presentation method used in the information consumers from which to most data warehouse solutions. understand their data. • A typical OLAP service usually An OLAP cube has a specific set of similar starts from one or more specifically but more restrictive metadata objects designed data marts. OLAP services derived from the parent cube model, should be considered as a part of including cube dimensions, cube hierarchies, data warehousing solution as shown cube levels, and a cube facts object. A cube in the following figure. can have only one cube hierarchy defined for each cube dimension, but a dimension can have many hierarchies that are defined for the cube model.

Cubes can be used when optimizing a cube model to specify the regions of the cube model that are the most active and the most important. You can specify optimization

slices that define specific regions of the cube OLAP reporting in a data warehouse: that are most often queried. Once the optimization (such as MQTs) is created for a

cube model, all the cubes derived from it

OLAP models and OLAP cubes benefit.

OLAP model object consist of cube model, OLAP models and OLAP cubes are two dimension, join, facts objects, hierarchy, critical concepts in DB2 DWE OLAP level, measure, attribute, and bottom services. A cube model is built to represent a represents the relational tables in DB2 UDB, data structure and relationship in an OLAP of the figure has been shown below. data mart. A cube model contains metadata objects that describe relationships within the

9 OLAP model object:

DB2 DWE Design Studio used for developing an end-to-end OLAP solution. The DWE Design Studio is built on the Eclipse workbench, which is a powerful Procedure to develop a DB2 DWE development environment that you can OLAP solution and how the Design easily customize. Together with DB2 Studio is used in it: Alphablox, the Design Studio can be 1. Collect and analyze business requirements.

10 All OLAP solutions should begin cover data operations that are with collecting and analyzing the typically needed to move data customer business requirements. from data sources to populate One of the most important tables in OLAP data marts. approaches used in analyzing 4. Design OLAP cube models and business requirements is data cubes. modeling. DWE Design Studio provides rich logical and physical Design Studio cannot only be data modeling functions for data used for designing, managing modeling. and deploying OLAP models and cubes, but also allows for 2. Design and implement OLAP exchanging OLAP metadata with data marts. other business intelligence tools. Besides the logical and physical The cube models are defined data modeling functions for once in DB2 and then used by creating OLAP database, you can Alphablox and other ISV also examine, modify and reuse business intelligence tools. existing database models by Because the shared common pulling metadata from an existing metadata includes aggregation database via its reverse formulas and calculations, you engineering function and then benefit from greater consistency generate the physical database of the analytical results produced via its forward engineering across the business. function. 5. Optimize OLAP models and 3. Design data flow process to cubes. populate OLAP data marts. From DWE Design Studio, you The library of Design Studio can design and deploy SQL operators provides data materialized query tables flow and control flow designs to (MQTs) for OLAP models and

11 cubes. These pre-joined and pre- 6. Design and generate OLAP aggregated MQTs are exploited reports. by the DB2 optimizer, which The OLAP cubes can be rewrites incoming queries and exported from Design Studio to routes eligible OLAP queries to Alphablox for building OLAP the appropriate MQT for reports based on the business significantly faster query requirements. performance.

DWE Design Studio in OLAP Services:

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_analytical_processing http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_table#Multi-dimensional_tables http://www.exforsys.com/tutorials/msas/understanding-olap-models.html http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/data/library/techarticle/dm- 0606gong/index.html#N1011D

By Ram Kumar Natarajan (II MCA)

12 FOCUS

Linux

Introduction and the emergence of net books. The name "Linux" comes from Linux (commonly pronounced the Linux kernel, originally written in /lǺnȜks/, LI -nuks in English, also 1991 by Linus Torvalds. The full usually comprises pronounced /lǺnȚks/, LI -nooks ) is a components such as utilities and libraries generic term referring to Unix-like from the GNU Project (announced in computer operating systems based on the 1983 by Richard Stallman), the X Linux kernel. Their development is one Window System, the GNOME and KDE of the most prominent examples of free desktop environments, and the Apache and open source software collaboration; HTTP Server. Commonly-used typically all the underlying source code applications with desktop Linux systems can be used, freely modified, and include the Mozilla Firefox web-browser redistributed, both commercially and and the OpenOffice.org office non-commercially, by anyone under application suite. The GNU contribution licenses such as the GNU GPL. is the basis for the Linux is predominantly known Foundation's preferred name for its use in servers, although can be GNU/Linux . installed on a wide variety of computer hardware, ranging from embedded History devices, mobile phones and even some The Linux kernel has been watches to mainframes and marked by constant growth throughout supercomputers. Linux distributions, its history. Since the initial release of its installed on both desktop and laptop source code in 1991, it has grown from a computers, have become increasingly small number of C files under a license commonplace in recent years, partly prohibiting commercial distribution to its owing to the popular Ubuntu distribution

13 state in 2009 of over 370 megabytes of Separate projects that interface with source under the GNU General Public the kernel provide much of the system's License. higher-level functionality. The GNU In 1991, in Helsinki, Linux user land is an important part of most Thorvaldsen began a project that later Linux-based systems, providing the most became the Linux kernel. It was initially common implementation of the C a , which Torvalds library, a popular , and many of the used to access the large UNIX servers of common UNIX tools which carry out the university. He wrote the program many basic operating system tasks. The specifically for the hardware he was (or GUI) used by using and independent of an operating most Linux systems is based on the X system because he wanted to use the Window System. functions of his new PC with an 80386 processor. Development was done on User interface MINIX using the GNU C compiler, Users can control a Linux-based which is still the main choice for system through a command line compiling Linux today (although the interface (or CLI), a graphical user code can be built with other compilers, interface (or GUI), or through controls such as the Intel C Compiler). attached to the associated hardware (this Design is common for embedded systems). For desktop systems, the default mode is A Linux-based system is a modular usually graphical user interface, where Unix-like operating system. It derives the CLI is available through terminal much of its basic design from principles emulator windows or on a separate established in Unix during the 1970s and virtual console. 1980s. Such a system uses a monolithic On desktop machines, KDE, kernel, the Linux kernel, which handles GNOME and are the most popular process control, networking, and user interfaces, though a variety of peripheral and file system access. Device additional user interfaces exist. Most drivers are integrated directly with the popular user interfaces run on top of the kernel. (often simply called

14 "X"), which provides network communication. A graphical terminal transparency, enabling a graphical emulator program is often used to access application running on one machine to the CLI from a Linux desktop. be displayed and controlled from another. Programming on Linux Other GUIs include X window Most Linux distributions support managers such as FVWM, dozens of programming languages. The and . The most common collection of utilities for provides a means to building both Linux applications and control the placement and appearance of operating system programs is found individual application windows, and within the GNU tool chain, which interacts with the X Window System. includes the GNU Compiler Collection This is a more minimalist goal than (GCC) and the GNU build system. KDE, GNOME et al., which are termed Amongst others, GCC provides desktop environments. compilers for Ada, C, C++, Java, and A Linux system typically provides FORTRAN. The Linux kernel itself is a CLI through a shell, which is the written to be compiled with GCC. traditional way of interacting with a Proprietary compilers for Linux include UNIX system. A the Intel C++ Compiler, Sun Studio, and specialized for servers may use the CLI IBM XL C/C++ Compiler. BASIC is as its only interface. A headless system supported in such forms as Gambas, that runs without even a monitor can be Free BASIC, and XBasic. controlled by the command line via a Most distributions also include remote-control protocol such as support for PHP, Perl, Ruby, Python and SSH 0or 0telnet. other dynamic languages. While not as Most low-level Linux common, Linux also supports C# via the components, including the GNU user Mono project, sponsored by Novell, and land, use the CLI exclusively. The CLI Scheme. A number of Java Virtual is particularly suited for automation of Machines and development kits run on repetitive or delayed tasks, and provides Linux, including the original Sun very simple inter-process Microsystems JVM (Hotspot), and

15 IBM's J2SE RE, as well as many open- only free software. Currently, over three source projects like Kaffe. hundred distributions are actively The two main frameworks for developed, with about a dozen developing graphical applications are distributions being most popular for those of GNOME and KDE. These general-purpose use. projects are based on the GTK+ and Linux is a widely ported operating widget toolkits, respectively, which can system kernel. The Linux kernel runs on also be used independently of the larger a highly diverse range of computer framework. Both support a wide variety architectures: in the hand-held ARM- of languages. There are a number of based iPAQ and the mainframe IBM integrated development environments System z9, System z10 in devices available including Anjuta, ranging from mobile phones to Code::Blocks, Eclipse, KDevelop, supercomputers. Specialized Lazarus, MonoDevelop, Net Beans, distributions exist for less mainstream QtCreator and Omnis Studio while the architectures. The ELKS kernel fork can long-established editors Vim and Emacs run on Intel 8086 or Intel 80286 16-bit remain popular. microprocessors, while the µClinux kernel fork may run on systems without Uses a memory management unit. The kernel also runs on architectures that were only As well as those designed for ever intended to use a manufacturer- general purpose use on desktops and created operating system, such as servers, distributions may be specialized Macintosh computers (with both for different purposes including: PowerPC and Intel processors), PDAs, computer architecture support, video game consoles, portable music embedded systems, stability, security, players, and mobile phones. There are localization to a specific region or several industry associations and language, targeting of specific user hardware conferences devoted to groups, support for real-time maintaining and improving support for applications, or commitment to a given diverse hardware under Linux, such as . Furthermore, FreedomHEC. some distributions deliberately include

16

Linux useful commands Option causes the system to be rebooted once it has shut down. Ftp hostname sleep time - Causes the command Opens an FTP connection to the interpreter to pause for the specified specified host, allowing files to be number of seconds. transferred. The FTP program provides sort files - Sorts the specified files. subcommands for accomplishing file The command has many useful transfers. arguments. head files - Prints the first several split file - Splits a file into several lines of each specified file. smaller files. The command has many ispell files - Checks the spelling of arguments; see the online the contents of the specified files. documentation kill process_ids sync - Completes all pending kill - signal process_ids input/output operations kill -l (requires root privileges). Kills the specified processes, sends the telnet host - Opens a login session on specified processes the specified signal the specified host. (given as a number or name), or prints top - Prints a display of system a list of available signals. processes that's continually updated - Launches a simple mail client until the user presses the q key. that permits sending and receiving traceroute host - Uses echo requests email messages. to determine and print a network path man title to the host. man section title - Prints the specified uptime - Prints the system uptime. man page. w - Prints the current system users. reboot - Reboots the system wall - Prints a message to each user (requires root privileges). except those who've disabled message shutdown minutes shutdown -r minutes reception. Type Ctrl-D to end the Shuts down the system after the message. specified number of minutes elapses (requires root privileges). The -r By Narayan Chalise II-MCA.,

17 TECHNOLOGIES

with software-based video, then with Internet video. Now QuickTime X takes another leap forward by building on the amazing media technologies in Mac OS X — such as Core Audio, Core Video,

and Core Animation — to deliver

Snow Leopard introduces QuickTime X, enhanced playback, greater efficiency, a major leap forward that advances and higher quality. modern media and Internet standards. QuickTime X includes a brand-new A new QuickTime Player. player application, offers optimized QuickTime X debuts a brand-new support for modern codec’s, and delivers version of QuickTime Player, the more efficient media playback, making it standalone application used by millions ideal for any application that needs to to watch QuickTime-based video. Using play media content . the power of the Core Animation technology in Mac OS X, QuickTime Watch pristine-quality video in a clean, Player offers a clean, uncluttered uncluttered window. Record and trim interface with controls that fade out your own movies. And easily share them when they’re not needed. And large over the web. thumbnail images make navigating

Another leap forward . chaptered movies simpler than before. With a single click, QuickTime Player QuickTime X is the next-generation can now capture audio or video using the media technology that powers the audio built-in camera and microphone in the and video experience in Mac OS X Mac. It can easily trim media to the Snow Leopard. From its inception in perfect length, then send it to iTunes for 1991, QuickTime has stood at the syncing to an iPhone, iPod, and Apple forefront of video technologies — first TV. QuickTime Player is used to publish

18 the media to Mobile Me or YouTube — servers, and it works reliably with without worrying about codec formats or common firewall and wireless router resolutions. settings. HTTP live streaming is designed for mobility and can Built for smooth playback. dynamically adjust movie playback quality to match the available speed of QuickTime X is optimized for the latest wired or wireless networks, perfect modern media formats — such as H.264 whether the video is watched on a and AAC — through a new media computer or on a mobile device like architecture that delivers stutter-free iPhone or iPod touch. playback of high-definition content on nearly all Snow Leopard-based Mac High performance, high quality . systems. QuickTime X maximizes the efficiency of modern media playback by QuickTime X uses Mac OS X using the graphics processor to scale and technologies such as Cocoa, Grand display video. QuickTime X further Central Dispatch, and 64-bit computing increases efficiency by supporting GPU- to deliver greatest-possible performance accelerated video decoding of H.264 and enables QuickTime Player to launch files. up to 2.4x faster. 2 QuickTime X also takes advantage of ColorSync to provide Video streaming from any high-quality color reproduction during server. playback and when sharing media to your iPhone, iPod, or Apple TV. QuickTime X takes Internet video streaming to new levels with support for A beautiful new player HTTP live streaming. Unlike other streaming technologies, HTTP live Completely redesigned in Mac OS X streaming uses the HTTP protocol — the Snow Leopard, QuickTime X debuts a same network technology that powers brand-new version of QuickTime Player, the web. That means QuickTime X the application used by millions to watch streams audio and video from almost any a wide range of video formats and files. web server instead of special streaming Using the power of the Core Animation

19 technology in Mac OS X, QuickTime stutter-free playback on current Player offers a clean, uncluttered computers. The player allows using interface with controls that fade out hardware acceleration for H.264, which when they’re not needed. And large should help with HD video in that thumbnail images make navigating format. Also new is support for HTTP chaptered movies simpler than before. streaming, which allows QuickTime to Instead of text-only chapter names, stream content that is delivered by a web QuickTime Player displays frame-based server, rather than just content from a thumbnail images for each chapter specialized streaming server. This marker, so it’s easy to navigate your should help improve playback of videos chaptered media. from web accounts like Mobile Me galleries. QuickTime X can also take Share with iTunes and the advantage of new technologies in Snow web Leopard like 64-bit addressing and Grand Central Dispatch to speed up QuickTime Player converts the personal performance. media files for use by iTunes and the iPhone, iPod, or Apple TV, using the Video Killed the Radio Star optimal settings for each destination. After conversion, QuickTime Player In QuickTime X, the player application automatically delivers the content to the has been expanded to include video iTunes library. QuickTime Player is used capture, either from the built-in webcam to publish the media to Mobile Me* or in the Mac or from a USB-tethered YouTube without worrying about camera. QuickTime includes simple formats or resolutions. controls for trimming video so it can get just the right amount of lead-in for the

Technological Enhancements next YouTube masterpiece, and then cut the lead-out just before your neighbor

QuickTime X is optimized for the pops in to ask if they can borrow a cup critical HD codec H.264 and AAC with of . Just drag the yellow handles a new foundation that should provide

20 left and right to set the clip that will be batch converting video files, a revised exported. files and folders menu, .m4a and .flac audio conversion from any video on the QuickTime Player X Preference Mac, encrypted zip archives, photo Pane (Mac OS X 10.6 only) resizing, and taking screenshots directly from the menu bar. The new version of QuickTime included Regarding the new installer package for with Snow Leopard (called QuickTime version 1.5: FFmpeg has different Player X) is almost a complete overhaul licensing terms when it comes to non- of the previous version, from the look free libraries (such as libfaac and and feel of the application windows right libfaad), which makes it against the down to the preferences menu (or lack terms to redistribute it within an thereof). If you were looking to change application. Archiving the application some options but don't know where to within an installer package and running start, our Preference Pane can help you scripts to download, compile, and install enable or disable many of QuickTime's FFmpeg locally during the installation is features. It is currently at version 1.2. the only way for us to adhere to the licensing agreement. To address any MCS Utilities (Mac OS X 10.5 confusion as to what exactly is and above) happening during the MCS Utilities installation MCS Utilities incorporates many useful tasks into one application. The program runs in the menu bar for easy access to BY renaming files, showing hidden Finder items, and more repetitive tasks. Version Brindha.C II-MCA., 1.5 is the current version, which adds support for CD and DVD data burning, Sabitha.E II-MCA.,

21 INTELLECT EXPLORE

QUANTITATIVE SECTION 5. The minute and the hour hand of a watch 1. Father's age is three years more than three meet every 65 minutes. times the son's age. How much does the watch lose or gain After three years, father's age will be ten time and by how much? years more than twice the son's age. What is the father's present age. FIND THE OUTPUTS… 1.What is the size of ptr1 and ptr2. 2. how many four digit numbers divisible struct x { by four can be formed using int j;

char k[100]; 1,2,3,4;repetions are not allowed! unsigned i;

3. There are 20 poles with a constant }; distance between each pole void main() A car takes 24 second to reach the 12th { pole. int *ptr1; How much will it take to reach the last struct x *ptr2; pole. clrscr(); printf(“%d %d”,sizeof(ptr1),sizeof(ptr2)); 4. A car is travelling at a uniform speed. A) Same depending on the model used B) The driver sees a milestone showing a 2- 2,104 digit number. C) 2, Undefined for memory is not allocated After travelling for an hour the driver D) 2,4 sees another milestone with the same digits in reverse order. 2. Output of the program? After another hour the driver sees another main() milestone containing the same two digits. { What is the average speed of the driver. int a=2, b=3;

22 printf(“ %d “, a+++b); OUTPUTS } 1) A o/p : 2 2 A) 4 B) 6 C) 5 D) Error 2) C 3) B 3. void main() 4) A { 5) D unsigned char c; QUANTITATIVE ANSWERS: clrscr(); for ( c=0;c!=256;c++) 1) 33 years. printf(“%d”,c); } 2) 6. No. of times the loop is executed ? 3) 41.45 seconds A) 0 times B) infinite loop C) 255 Let the distance between two poles = x times D) Error Hence 11x:24::19x:?

4. What is the value of the following 4) 45 kmph expression? i = 1; i = (i <<= 1 % 2) 5) Gains; 5/11 minutes A) 2 B) 1 C) 0 D) error in syntax

5. #define max(a,b) (a>b?b:a) #define square(x) x*x void main() BY { int i=2,j=3,k=1; D.MATHAN (II-MCA) clrscr(); printf(“%d %d”, max(i,j), square(k)); M.MADHAN KUMAR (II-MCA) } A) 3 2 B) 2 3 C) 3 1 D) 2 1

23 CAREER OBJECTIVES

The Career Objective in Fresher circumstance state that the objective is Curriculum Vita undecided. Such an answer will show complete immaturity and will definitely To know the objective in order to get the invite summary rejection. right match between fresher and the The CV should always reflect that dream job fresher want to land. In other fresher are in control and fresher can words, if fresher do not get a clear understand how important the is picture of what fresher want to do in life, objective to show that fresher are in there is no way fresher can carve a control. Otherwise fresher will seem like proper and definite path for the a driver who is raring to go, but has no professionally. Hence, it is good and exact destination. The company would important in the long run to know where feel threatened to use such talent as there fresher are going; then only fresher can is no Guarantee that they would be choose the right stepping stones. satisfied and/or that fresher would stick However, in case fresher are young and to the job for a long period .There are undecided you can still have a short-term many other ways to deflect the objective instead of a long-term one. prospective employer from the lack of fresher short-term objective should be objective - i.e. by highlighting the skills anything but monetary benefit. Hence, match to that of the job. However, for a fresher could say that fresher want to veteran employer, such tricks would not gain experience in a particular field, or hold much water. Hence, be prepared to understand a particular industrial answer a few long questions on this functioning and see the fit, etc. fresher aspect when fresher make it for the objective should be a close match to the interview. It is best for those fresher overall objective of the job fresher are have deep doubt of what they want out applying for, hence, whenever fresher of their professional life, not to mention are applying for a job the objective it at all. There are CV formats which should be slightly modified to exactly fit allow for this, but its absence from the that particular job. Do not under any

24 CV may ensure that it would be asked career field. It can also focus on classes during the interview for which fresher designed to help career professionals should be carefully prepared. hone their existing skills, keep them up to date or even advance them into new On the Job Behavior areas. In some cases, skill development courses are initiated by workers How fresher interact with other themselves. In other situations, an employees, supervisors and customers employer might demand and even pay and clients can have a huge affect on for training to ensure employees is up to your long term job performance. date in their training. Exceptional on the job behavior is critical for career success. Employees Workplace Dynamics that get along well with co-workers, are outgoing and willing to tackle projects Workplace dynamics can include how tend to be noticed by their superiors. people interact with each other and treat Desired on the job behavior that fits each other, the chain of command, corporate standards can lead to employer expectations and even the promotions and raises. Undesirable expected level of decorum within the behaviors, however, can lead to workplace. Workplace dynamics tend to disciplinary actions and even differ from company to company and are terminations. How employees are often heavily influenced by the specific expected to behave can be dictated by corporate or organizational culture. workplace dynamics. Having an understanding of workplace dynamics and how best to function in a Skill Development particular working setting can prove critical for chances of enjoying career Skill development involves training that success, promotions and even raises. can help an individual enjoy career Getting a handle on workplace dynamics success. This type of training can vary in a new job can take time and study. greatly in topic, scope and even length of commitment. It might involve courses By taken in advance of entering a particular Soundariya.T (I-MCA)

25 WINDOWS 7

Introduction applications that have been included with prior releases of , Windows 7 is the latest public release including Windows , Windows version of Microsoft Windows, a series of Mail, Windows Movie Maker, and Windows operating systems produced by Microsoft Photo Gallery, are not included in Windows for use on personal computers, including 7; most are instead offered separately as part home and business desktops, laptops, net of the free Windows Live Essentials suite. books, tablet PCs, and media center PCs. Windows 7 was released to manufacturing Goals on July 22, 2009, and reached general retail Bill Gates, in an interview with Newsweek , availability on October 22, 2009, less than suggested that this version of Windows three years after the release of its would be more "user-centric". Gates later predecessor, Windows Vista. Windows 7's said that Windows 7 would also focus on server counterpart, Windows Server 2008 performance improvements. Steven Sino sky R2, was released at the same time. later expanded on this point, explaining in Unlike its predecessor, who introduced a the Engineering Windows 7 blog that the large number of new features, Windows 7 company was using a variety of new tracing was intended to be a more focused, tools to measure the performance of many incremental upgrade to the Windows line, areas of the operating system on an ongoing with the goal of being fully compatible with basis, to help locate inefficient code paths applications and hardware with which and to help prevent performance regressions. Windows Vista is already compatible. Senior Vice President Bill Veghte stated that Presentations given by Microsoft in 2008 Windows Vista users migrating to Windows focused on multi-touch support, a 7 would not find the kind of device redesigned Windows Shell with a new compatibility issues they encountered , referred to as the Super bar, a home migrating from Windows XP.Speaking networking system called Home Group, and about Windows 7 on October 16, 2008, performance improvements. Some

26 Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer confirmed to Windows Action Center (Windows compatibility between Vista and Windows Health Center and Windows Solution Center 7, indicating that Windows 7 would be a in earlier builds), which encompasses both refined version of Windows Vista. security and maintenance of the computer. The default setting for User Account Control Features in Windows 7 has been criticized for allowing untrusted software to be launched Windows 7 includes a number of new with elevated privileges by exploiting a features, such as advances in touch and trusted application. Microsoft's Windows handwriting recognition, support for virtual kernel engineer Mark Russinovich hard disks, improved performance on multi- acknowledged the problem, but noted that core processors, improved boot there are other vulnerabilities that do not performance, Direct Access, and kernel rely on the new setting. Windows 7 also improvements. Windows 7 adds support for supports Mac-like RAW image viewing systems using multiple heterogeneous through the addition of WIC-enabled image graphics cards from different vendors decoders, which enables raw image (Heterogeneous Multi-adapter), a new thumbnails, previewing and metadata version of Windows Media Center, a Gadget display in Windows Explorer, plus full-size for Windows Media Center, improved media viewing and slideshows in Windows Photo features, the XPS Essentials Pack and Viewer and Window Media Center. Windows Power Shell being included, and a redesigned Calculator with multiline The taskbar has seen the biggest visual capabilities including Programmer and changes, where the Quick Launch toolbar Statistics modes along with unit conversion. has been replaced with pinning applications Many new items have been added to the to the taskbar. Buttons for pinned Control Panel, including Clear Type Text applications are integrated with the task Tuner, Display Color Calibration Wizard, buttons. These buttons also enable the Jump Gadgets, Recovery, Troubleshooting, Lists feature to allow easy access to Workspaces Center, Location and Other common tasks. The revamped taskbar also Sensors, Credential Manager, Biometric allows the reordering of taskbar buttons. To Devices, System Icons, and Display. the far right of the system clock is a small Windows Security Center has been renamed

27 rectangular button that serves as the Show times, reduced UAC prompts, simplified desktop . This button is part of the new development of installation packages, and feature in Windows 7 called Aero Peek . improved globalization support through a Hovering over this button makes all visible new Extended Linguistic Services API.At windows transparent for a quick look at the WinHEC 2008 Microsoft announced that desktop. In touch-enabled displays such as color depths of 30-bit and 48-bit would be touch screens, tablet PCs, etc., this button is supported in Windows 7 along with the wide slightly wider to accommodate being color gamut scRGB (which for HDMI 1.3 pressed with a finger. Clicking this button can be converted and output as xvYCC). minimizes all windows, and clicking it a The video modes supported in Windows 7 second time restores them. Additionally, are 16-bit sRGB, 24-bit sRGB, 30-bit sRGB, there is a feature named Aero Snap that 30-bit with extended color gamut sRGB, and automatically maximizes a window when it 48-bit scRGB. Microsoft has also is dragged to either the top or left/right implemented better support for solid-state edges of the screen. This also allows users to drives, including the new TRIM command, snap documents or files on either side of the and Windows 7 is able to identify a solid- screen to compare them. When a user moves state drive uniquely. Microsoft is planning windows that are maximized, the system to support USB 3.0 in a subsequent patch, restores their previous state automatically. support not being included in the initial This functionality is also accomplished with release due to delays in the finalization of keyboard shortcuts. Unlike in Windows the standard. Vista, window borders and the taskbar do Source : not turn opaque when a window is http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_7 maximized with Windows Aero applied. Instead, they remain translucent. By

For developers, Windows 7 includes a new Karthikeyan.R I-MCA networking API with support for building

SOAP-based web services in native code (as Balukumar.P I-MCA opposed to .NET-based WCF web services), new features to shorten application install

28 COMPANY PROFILE

MASTEK SOLUTION Public Sector, and Financial Services sectors. Overview Mastek have a formidable track record in Mastek is a high-end provider of vertically- these sectors as well as intellectual property focused enterprise technology solutions and and reusable frameworks. platforms that unleash the potential of our clients’ organization and enable business Mastek offering portfolio also includes transformation. business and technology services comprising of IT Consulting, Application Development, Mastek collaborate with the customers to Systems Integration, Application understand their business vision and Management Outsourcing, Testing, Data challenges. This enables Mastek to envision, Warehousing and Business Intelligence, architect and deliver the right architecture Application Security, CRM services and and design solution to unleash Mastek’s Legacy Modernization. customer potential. Thus, Mastek create the required business impact, transforming With employee strength of over 3500 Mastek’s customers, their business people, Mastek operate across U.S., Canada, processes, or the manner in which Mastek U.K., Europe, Asia-Pacific and Middle East. compete and serve their customers. We have eight world-class global delivery centres in India and Malaysia. As a business, Mastek are an IP-led services business seamlessly blending Mastek Mastek's revenues for the Fiscal Year ended offshore resource capabilities and industry June 2009 was over 201 Million USD. domain expertise with the onsite operations. By Mastek vertical focus includes Insurance (Life, Pensions and General), Government / Raffic Raja.R I - MCA.

29 TIPS AND TRICKS

Desktop tips: 3. Create a new string called Max Cached Icons Having your Favorites and Start 4. Give it a value of 10000 Menus Sort Alphabetically 5. This will increase response time in windows and give the Shellicon If your Start Menu Program or Favorites are cache file more elbow room. not sorting alphabetically, it is easy to fix this: Make Icons 256 Color 16-Bit

1. Start Regedit 1. Open the Registry 2. Go to 2. Hit Ctrl+F HKEY_CURRENT_USER/Software 3. Type Shell Icon BPP /Microsoft/Windows/CurrentVersion 4. When found, right click the Shell /Explorer/MenuOrder Icon BPP icon 3. Under here is are Favorites and Start 5. Click Modify Menu folders 6. Change the value from 4 to 16 4. In each there is a value called Order 7. Click Ok 5. Simply delete (or rename this) and 8. Close the registry restart Winodws 9. Restart your computer 6. Your Favorites or Start Menus should now sort alphabetically Removing Shortcut Arrows

Increasing the Icon Cache An easy way to remove those irritating arrows from your desktop shortcut icons and 1. Run Regedit not change their properties 2. Go to 1. Right click the Desktop / Properties / HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Softwa Appearance tab re\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersi 2. Select Item on\explorer 3. Scroll for Icon

30 4. The default size is 32 Easy Shortcuts on the Desktop 5. Change this to 30 Here is an easy way to put shortcuts on the 6. Clicking Apply Desktop where they can easily be moved to other group icons. Adding the Control Panel to the Start Menu 1. Using the Explorer, create a SHORTCUT to the 1. Open up the Explorer \Windows\Desktop directory in your 2. Go to \WINDOWS\Start Menu \Windows\SEND TO directory. 3. Right click in the right-hand panel 2. Now whenever you want to make a 4. Add a new folder shortcut and move it to the desktop: 5. Name it Control Panel.{21ec2020- 3. Just make the shortcut you want 3aea-1069-a2dd-08002b30309d} using Explorer 6. This makes getting to the Control 4. Right click on that shortcut Panel items a little easier 5. In the pop up menu select the Send To and Desktop shortcut. Making Desktop Changes

Permanent Changing a Folder's Icon To make changes to the Desktop like To change the icon of a Folder on desktop: window size, positon after rebooting: 1. Using the Explorer, move the folder

1. Start Regedit from the Desktop directory to 2. Go to another directory on the hard drive HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software 2. Right click on the new folder and \Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion select "Create Shortcut" \Policies\Explorer 3. Move the shortcut to the Desktop 3. Create a New Binary Value 4. Right click and select a new icon 4. Name it NoSaveSettings By 5. Give it a value of 01 00 00 00 Srilakshmi .T.V (I-MCA)

31 MONTHLY EVENT GIST

News Bulletin

Current Bulletin in IT is displayed at Notice Board Daily and Uploaded in the www.kasc.ac.in website at the end of every Semester.

Students Participation

Narayan Chalise, M. Jayakumar and R. Srinivasan of II-M.C.A participated Technosoure 2009 in Erode Sengunthar Engineering College] on 15 th Sep 2009 . D. Saranya, S. Sakthi, V. Vijayalakshmi, V. Suresh, P. Karthika, C. Kothaiselvi and V.K. Rajkumar of III-M.C.A participated EDIFY 2009 in PKR College of Arts and Science on 18 th Sep 2009 and got second prize in Word Hunt . D. Saranya, S. Sakthi, V. Vijayalakshmi, V. Suresh, P. Karthika, R. Satheesh, Madhan and S. Vikram of III & II-M.C.A participated CYBER EXPO in Vellalor College for Women on 23 th Sep 2009 and got second prize in Word Hunt . M. Jayakumar, P. Karthikeyan, R. Srinivasan and J. Anto Ajanth of II-M.C.A participated Clusters’ 09 in Hindusthan College of Arts and Science on 25 th Sep 2009 and got second prize in Marketing .

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