Red Hat Linux 6.0
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Red Hat Linux 6.0 The Official Red Hat Linux Installation Guide Red Hat Software, Inc. Durham, North Carolina Copyright c 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999 Red Hat Software, Inc. Red Hat is a registered trademark and the Red Hat Shadow Man logo, RPM, the RPM logo, and Glint are trademarks of Red Hat Software, Inc. Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. Motif and UNIX are registered trademarks of The Open Group. Alpha is a trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation. SPARC is a registered trademark of SPARC International, Inc. Products bearing the SPARC trade- marks are based on an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. Netscape is a registered trademark of Netscape Communications Corporation in the United States and other countries. TrueType is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc. Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation. All other trademarks and copyrights referred to are the property of their respective owners. ISBN: 1-888172-28-2 Revision: Inst-6.0-Print-RHS (04/99) Red Hat Software, Inc. 2600 Meridian Parkway Durham, NC 27713 P. O. Box 13588 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (919) 547-0012 http://www.redhat.com While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information con- tained herein. The Official Red Hat Linux Installation Guide may be reproduced and distributed in whole or in part, in any medium, physical or electronic, so long as this copyright notice remains intact and unchanged on all copies. Commercial redistribution is permitted and encouraged, but you may not redistribute it, in whole or in part, under terms more restrictive than those under which you received it. Printed in Canada Contents 1 New Features of Red Hat Linux 6.0 1 1.1Installation-RelatedEnhancements............................. 1 1.2DesktopandWindowManagers............................... 3 1.3MiscellaneousNewFeatures................................. 4 2 Before You Begin 5 2.1 Getting Documentation .................................... 6 2.2GettingtheRightRedHatLinuxComponents....................... 6 2.3ThingsYouShouldKnow................................... 10 2.4InstallationMethods...................................... 14 2.5NeedaNetworkBootDisk?................................. 18 2.6NeedaPCMCIASupportDiskette?............................. 18 2.7InstallationClasses...................................... 19 2.8DiskPartitions......................................... 21 2.9ANoteAboutKernelDrivers................................ 31 2.10IfYouHaveProblems... ................................... 32 2.11OneLastNote......................................... 32 3 Starting the Installation 33 3.1TheInstallationProgramUserInterface........................... 33 3.2StartingtheInstallationProgram............................... 36 3.3BeginningtheInstallation................................... 39 iv CONTENTS 3.4SelectinganInstallationMethod............................... 41 4 Local Media Installations 43 4.1SelectinganInstallationMethod............................... 43 4.2 Installing from CD-ROM ................................... 43 4.3 Installing from a Hard Drive ................................. 45 4.4 Upgrading or Installing .................................... 45 4.5InstallationClass........................................ 46 4.6SCSISupport.......................................... 47 4.7CreatingPartitionsforRedHatLinux............................ 48 4.8InitializingSwapSpace.................................... 58 4.9ForHardDriveInstallationsOnly... ............................ 58 4.10 Formatting Partitions . .................................... 60 4.11 Selecting and Installing Packages .............................. 60 5 Network Installations 65 5.1SelectinganInstallationMethod............................... 65 5.2 Installing via NFS . .................................... 68 5.3 Installing via FTP . .................................... 69 5.4 Installing via HTTP . .................................... 69 5.5 Upgrading or Installing .................................... 70 5.6InstallationClass........................................ 72 5.7SCSISupport.......................................... 74 5.8CreatingPartitionsforRedHatLinux............................ 74 5.9InitializingSwapSpace.................................... 85 5.10 Formatting Partitions . .................................... 85 5.11 Selecting and Installing Packages .............................. 86 6 Finishing the Installation 91 6.1ConfiguringaMouse..................................... 91 CONTENTS v 6.2ConfiguringNetworking................................... 92 6.3ConfiguringtheTimeZone.................................. 95 6.4SelectingServicesforStartonReboot............................ 95 6.5ConfiguringaPrinter..................................... 96 6.6SettingaRootPassword................................... 102 6.7AuthenticationConfiguration................................ 103 6.8CreatingaBootDiskette................................... 104 6.9 Installing LILO ......................................... 105 6.10ConfiguringtheXWindowSystem............................. 108 6.11FinishingUp... ........................................ 109 7 Finding Documentation 111 7.1OnLineHelp.......................................... 111 7.2HelpfromtheInternetCommunity............................. 117 8 System Configuration 119 8.1SystemConfigurationWithLinuxconf........................... 120 8.2SystemConfigurationwiththeControlPanel....................... 158 9 Package Management with RPM 173 9.1RPMDesignGoals....................................... 174 9.2UsingRPM........................................... 174 9.3ImpressingYourFriendswithRPM............................. 180 9.4OtherRPMResources..................................... 182 10 GnoRPM 183 10.1StartingGnoRPM....................................... 184 10.2ThePackageDisplay..................................... 185 10.3 Installing New Packages . ................................ 187 10.4Configuration......................................... 188 vi CONTENTS 10.5PackageManipulation..................................... 191 11 System Administration 195 11.1FilesystemStructure...................................... 195 11.2SpecialRedHatFileLocations................................ 199 11.3Users,GroupsandUser-PrivateGroups.......................... 199 11.4ConfiguringConsoleAccess................................. 203 11.5 The floppy Group...................................... 205 11.6UserAuthenticationwithPAM................................ 206 11.7 Shadow Utilities ........................................ 209 11.8BuildingaCustomKernel.................................. 210 11.9Sendmail............................................ 214 11.10Controlling Access to Services ................................ 215 11.11AnonymousFTP........................................ 215 11.12NFSConfiguration....................................... 216 11.13TheBootProcess,Init,andShutdown............................ 217 11.14RescueModes......................................... 228 A Getting Technical Support 229 A.1AnOverviewofOurSupportPolicy............................. 229 A.2GettingSupport........................................ 231 A.3SupportFAQ(FrequentlyAskedQuestions)........................ 234 B Making Installation Diskettes 237 B.1MakingaDisketteUnderMS-DOS............................. 238 B.2MakingaDisketteUnderaLinux-likeO/S......................... 238 C An Introduction to Disk Partitions 239 C.1HardDiskBasicConcepts.................................. 239 D Package List 247 D.1Amusements.......................................... 249 CONTENTS vii D.2Applications.......................................... 252 D.3Development.......................................... 288 D.4 Documentation ......................................... 306 D.5SystemEnvironment..................................... 312 D.6UserInterface......................................... 339 E General Parameters and Modules 351 E.1CD-ROMparameters..................................... 352 E.2SCSIparameters........................................ 353 E.3Ethernetparameters...................................... 355 F Information Specific to Red Hat Linux/SPARC 361 F.1SupportedHardware..................................... 361 F.2InstallationOverview..................................... 362 F.3ConsoleCommands...................................... 363 F.4Ramdisk-basedInstallationCriteria............................. 363 F.5ChoosingaBootMethod................................... 364 F.6ChoosinganInstallationMethod.............................. 368 F.7InstallationUsingaSerialTerminal............................. 369 F.8SILOConfiguration...................................... 369 F.9Partitioning........................................... 369 G Glossary 371 H Kickstart Installations 381 H.1WheretoPutAKickstartFile................................. 381 H.2StartingaKickstartInstallation................................ 383 H.3TheKickstartFile....................................... 383 Index 395 Index of Packages 405 viii CONTENTS Preface Welcome! And thanks for your interest in Red Hat Linux. We have what we think is the best Linux distribution on the market today, and we work hard to keep it that way. Red Hat Linux 6.0 is the latest in a long line of software from Red Hat Software. We hope you like it, and that you enjoy using Red Hat Linux as much as we’ve enjoyed