Contents

This anthology includes extensive additional material on an accompanying website at www.wiley.com/go/victorianliterature. The table of contents lists items that appear in the book as well as those which are available online. All online materials are marked with the web icon:

List of Plates and Illustrations xlii Preface xlv Abbreviations li

List of Web Plates and Illustrations xlii Preface xliii Abbreviations xlix

Introduction 1

Victorian Representations and Misrepresentations 1 “The Terrific Burning” 2 The Battle of the Styles 3 “The Best of Times, the Worst of Times” 4 Demographics and Underlying Fears 5 Power, Industry,COPYRIGHTED and the High Cost of Bread and MATERIAL Beer 5 The Classes and the Masses 7 The Dynamics of Gender 8 Religion and the Churches 9 Political Structures 11 Empire 12 Genres and Literary Hierarchies 12 The Fine Arts and Popular Entertainment 13 Revolutions in Mass Media and the Expansion of Print Culture 17

0002169281.INDD 7 9/25/2014 4:55:00 AM viii Part one Contexts 19

The Condition of England 21

Contents Introduction 21 1. The Victorian Social Formation 27 Edward Bulwer-Lytton (1803–73): Pelham (1828) 27 From Chapter 1 27

William Cobbett (1763–1835): From Rural Rides (1830) 3 Victoria (1819–1901): From Letters (20 June, 1837) [“I am Queen”] 4

Thomas Carlyle (1795–1881): Chartism (1840) 29 From Chapter 1: “Condition-of-England Question” 29 (1795–1881): Past and Present (1843) 30 From Book I, Chapter 1: “Midas” 30 Benjamin Disraeli (1804–81): Sybil (1845) 32 From Book 2, Chapter 5 [The Two Nations] 32

Friedrich Engels (1820–95): The Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844 (1845) 6 From Chapter 2: “The Great Towns” [Manchester slums] 6 Elizabeth Gaskell (1810–65): Mary Barton (1848): “Preface” 8 Henry Mayhew (1812–87): London Labour and the London Poor (1851) 9 From Volume 1: “Statement of a Prostitute” 9 Walter Bagehot (1826–77): The English Constitution (1867) 11 From Chapter 2: “The Pre-Requisites of Cabinet Government” 11 From Chapter 3: “The Monarchy” 11

George Cruikshank (1792–1878): The British Bee Hive. Process engraving (1867) 34 (1822–88): Culture and Anarchy (1869) 35 From III [Chapter 3: “Barbarians, Philistines, Populace”] 35

Ada Nield Chew (1870–1945): “A Living Wage for Factory Girls at Crewe”(1894) 12 Eliza Davis Aria (1866–1931): “My Lady’s Evening in London” in Living London (1901–3) 14

2. Education and Mass Literacy 37

Statistical Society of London: “Newspapers and Other Publications in Coffee, Public, and Eating Houses” (1839) 16

0002169281.INDD 8 9/25/2014 4:55:00 AM ix Illustrated London News (1842): From “Our Address” 37 Illustrated London News (1843): Dedicatory Sonnet 39 Arthur Penrhyn Stanley (1815–81): Life and Correspondence of Thomas Arnold, D.D. (1844) 39 From “Letter of Inquiry for a Master” by Thomas Arnold (1795–1842) 39 Contents From “Letter to a Master on his Appointment” 40 William Wordsworth (1770–1850): “Illustrated Books and Newspapers” (1846) 40 Anon. [Thomas Peckett Prest (?) (1810–59)]: “The String of Pearls: A Romance” (1846–47) 41 From Chapter 38 [Sweeney Todd] 41 From Chapter 39 42 The Society for Promoting Working Men’s Associations: “Lectures for April, 1853” 43 Charles Dickens (1812–70): Hard Times (1854) 44 Chapter 1: “The One Thing Needful” 44

Thomas Hughes (1822–96): Tom Brown’s Schooldays (1857) 17 From Part 1, Chapter 8: “A War of Independence” 17

Elizabeth Rigby, Lady Eastlake (1809–93): From “The Englishwoman at School” (July 1878) 45

3. Progress, Industrialization, and Reform 18 Thomas Babington Macaulay (1800–59): From “[Review of] Sir Thomas More; or Colloquies on the Progress and Prospects of Society” (1830) 18 Ebenezer Elliott (1781–1849): Song [“Child, is thy father dead?”] (1831) 20 John Grimshaw (dates unknown): “The Hand-Loom Weaver’s Lament” (1835?) 21 [Anon.] “The Factory Workers’ Song” (1842) 22 Charles Dickens (1812–1870): Dombey and Son (1848) 24 From Chapter 6 “Paul’s Second Deprivation” [The Coming of the Railroad] 24 Albert, Prince Consort (1819–61): From Speech at the Lord Mayor’s Banquet (1850) [On the Great Exhibition] 26 Charlotte Brontë (1816–55): Three Letters on the Great Exhibition (1851) 28 To Patrick Brontë (30 May). 28 To Patrick Brontë (7 June) 28 To Miss Wooler (14 July) 29 Edward Sloan (1830–74): “The Weaver’s Triumph” (1854) 29 (1819–75): From “Cheap Clothes and Nasty” (1850) 31 Ford Madox Brown (1821–93): From The Exhibition of Work, and other Paintings by Ford Madox Brown (1865) 32 Sonnet 33

0002169281.INDD 9 9/25/2014 4:55:00 AM x (1819–1900): The Crown of Wild Olive (1866) 36 From “Traffic” 36 Thomas Carlyle (1795–1881): From Shooting Niagara: and After? (1867) 37 Contents Coventry Patmore (1823–96): From “1867” (1877) 38 George Eliot (1819–80): From “Address to Working Men, by Felix Holt” (1868) 39 Matthew Arnold (1822–88): Culture and Anarchy 40 From [“Conclusion”] 40 Thomas Given (1850–1917): “The Weaver Question” ([1878?] 1900 41 Joseph Skipsey (1832–1903) 43 “Get Up!” 43 Mother Wept 43 Willy to Jinny 44 C. Duncan Lucas (dates unknown): From “Scenes from Factory London” in Living London (1901–3) 44

4. Working-Class Voices 45 “Marcus”: The Book of Murder! (1838) 45 From “To the Reader of the Following Diabolical Work” 45 John Smithson (fl. 1830s): “Working Men’s Rhymes—No. 1” (1838) 48 T. B. Smith (fl. 1830s–1840s): “The Wish” (1839) 49 Charles Davlin (c.1804–c.1860): “On a Cliff which O’erhung” (1839) 50 National Charter Association Membership Card (c.1843) 53 Ernest Jones (1819–69): “Our Trust” (1848) 54 Charles Fleming (1804–57): “Difficulties of Appearing in Print” (1850) 55 William Billington (1825–84): “Gerald Massey” (1861) 57 Thomas Cooper (1805–92): The Life of Thomas Cooper Written by Himself (1872) 57 From Chapter 24 57 Thomas Cooper (1805–92): “Chartist Song” (1877) 59

5. Pollution, Protection, and Preservation 61 Robert Southey (1774–1843): Sir Thomas More; or, Colloquies on the Progress and Prospects of Society (1829) 61 From Colloquy 7, Part 2 61 Thomas Babington Macaulay (1800–59): From “[Review of] Sir Thomas More; or Colloquies on the Progress and Prospects of Society” (1830) 63 William Youatt (1776–1847): The Obligation and Extent of Humanity to Brutes (1839) 64 From “The Repositories” 64 John Stuart Mill (1806–73): The Principles of Political Economy (1848) 65 From Book 4, Chapter 6 65 Marion Bernstein (1846–1906) 66

0002169281.INDD 10 9/25/2014 4:55:00 AM xi “A Song of Glasgow Town” (1876) 66 “Manly Sports” (1876) 67 Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell (1857–1941): Pigsticking

or Hoghunting (1889) 68 Contents From Chapter 1 “Pigsticking Is Introduced” 68 From Chapter 5 “Comparisons” [of pigsticking and fox-hunting] 69 From Chapter 11 “Powers of the Pig” 69

Gender, Women, and Sexuality 49 Introduction 49 1. Constructing Genders 56 Kenelm Digby (1800–80): The Broad Stone of Honour: or, the True Sense and Practice of Chivalry ([1822] 1877) 56 From Part 1, Section 14: “Godefridus” 56 Sarah Stickney Ellis (1799–1872): The Daughters of England (1842) 57 From Chapter 1: “Important Inquiries” 57 From Chapter 9: “Friendship and Flirtation” 58

Sarah Stickney Ellis (1799–1872): The Mothers of England (1843) 70 From Chapter 10: “On the Training of Boys” 70 From Chapter 11: “On the Training of Girls” 71

Marion Kirkland Reid (c.1839–89): From A Plea for Woman (1843) 59 Richard Pilling (1799–1874): From “Defence at his Trial” (1843) 61

Anne Brontë (1820–49): The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848) 72 From Chapter 33: “Two Evenings” 72

Isabella Beeton (1836–65): The Book of Household Management (1859–61) 62 From Chapter 1: “The Mistress” 62

Harriet Martineau (1802–76): From “Middle-Class Education in England: Boys” (1864) 73 Harriet Martineau (1802–76): From “Middle-Class Education in England: Girls” (1864) 75 John Ruskin (1819–1900): Sesame and Lilies (1862) 77 From “Of Queen’s Gardens” 77

Eliza Lynn Linton (1822–98): From “The Girl of the Period” in the Saturday Review (14 Mar. 1868) 65 (1865–1936). “If—” (1910) 67

0002169281.INDD 11 9/25/2014 4:55:00 AM xii 2. The Woman Question 68 Sarah Stickney Ellis (1799–1872): The Women of England (1838) 68 From Chapter 2: “The Influence of the Women of England” 68 Harriet Taylor (1807–58): From “The Enfranchisement of Women” Contents in Westminster Review (July 1851) 70 Caroline Norton (1808–77): From A Letter to the Queen on Lord Chancellor Cranworth’s Marriage and Divorce Bill (1855) 71 Harriet Martineau (1802–76), Florence Nightingale (1820–1910), Josephine Butler (1828–1906), and others: “Manifesto” of “The Ladies’ National Association for the Repeal of the Contagious Diseases Acts” in Daily News (31 Dec. 1869) 74

Margaret Oliphant (1828–97): From “[Review of] Mill’s Subjection of Women” (1869) 79 [Anon.] “The Woman of the Future: A Lay of the Oxford Victory” (1884) 81

Sarah Grand (1854–1943): From “The New Aspect of the Woman Question” in North American Review (Mar. 1894) 76 Sydney Grundy (1848–1914): The New Woman (1894) 78 From Act 1 78

Ouida [Marie Louise de la Ramée] (1839–1908): From “The New Woman” (1894) 82

3. Sex and Sexuality 84 Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806–61) and Robert Browning (1812–89): From The Letters of Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1898) 84 Letters of 1845–46 84 William Rathbone Greg (1809–81): From “Prostitution” (1850) 87 Hannah Cullwick (1833–1909): From Diaries (1863–73) 89 Arthur Joseph Munby (1828–1910): From Diaries (1873) 93 Thomas Hardy (1840–1928): Desperate Remedies (1871) 96 From Volume 1, Chapter 6: “The Events of Twelve Hours” 96 [Anon.] The Pearl: A Journal of Facetiæ and Voluptuous Reading (1879) 98 “An Apology for our Title” 98 W. T. Stead (1849–1912): From “Maiden Tribute of Modern Babylon” (1885) 99 “A Child of Thirteen Bought for £5” 99 Henry Labouchère (1831–1912): Amendment to the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1885 102 John Addington Symonds (1840–93): A Problem in Modern Ethics (1891) 103 From Chapter 10: “Suggestions on the Subject of Sexual Inversion in Relation to Law and Education” 103 Henry Havelock Ellis (1859–1939): Man and Woman: A Study of Human Secondary Sexual Characters (1894) 105

0002169281.INDD 12 9/25/2014 4:55:01 AM xiii From Chapter 18: “Conclusion” 105 Lord Alfred Douglas (1870–1945): From The Chameleon 107 “Two Loves” (1894) 107

“In Praise of Shame” (1894) 109 Contents The Trials of Oscar Wilde (1895) 110 The Libel Trial 110 The First Criminal Trial 113 The Second Criminal Trial 115

Literature and the Arts 81 Introduction 81

1. Debates about Literature 87 Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin (1812–52): Contrasts (1836) 87 From Chapter 1: “On the Feelings which Produced the Great Edifices of the Middle Ages” 87

Charles Dickens (1819–1870): Oliver Twist (1838) 116 From Chapter XLV: “Fatal Consequences” [Bill Sikes murders Nancy] 116

George Eliot (1819–80): From “Silly Novels by Lady Novelists” in Westminster Review (Oct. 1856) 89

Margaret Oliphant (1828–1897): From “Sensation Novels” (1862) 119

Mary Elizabeth Braddon (1835–1915): Lady Audley’s Secret (1862) 91 From Chapter 1: “Lucy” 91 From Chapter 37: “Buried Alive” 93 Colin Henry Hazlewood (1820–75): Lady Audley’s Secret (1863) 94 From Act V 94

George Meredith (1828–1909): From “On the Idea of Comedy and the Uses of the Comic Spirit” (1877) 121

Henry James (1843–1916): From “The Art of Fiction” in Longman’s Magazine (Sept. 1884) 96

George Moore (1852–1933): From Literature at Nurse, or, Circulating Morals (1885) 123 Bennett George Johns (1820/21–1900): From “The Literature of the Streets” (1887) 126

0002169281.INDD 13 9/25/2014 4:55:01 AM xiv 2. Pre-Raphaelitism, Aestheticism, and Decadence 98 William Michael Rossetti (1829–1919): The Germ: Or Thoughts Toward Nature in Poetry, Literature, and Art (1850) 98 From “Introduction” 98 Contents Charles Dickens (1812–70): From “Old Lamps for New Ones” in Household Words (15 June 1850) 100 Christina Rossetti (1830–94): Two Poems on the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood [1853] 102 The P.R.B. [I] 102 The P.R.B. [II] 103 John Ruskin (1819–1900): “The Præ-Raphaelites” Letter to The Times (25 May 1854) 103 (1839–94): From “The Poems of William Morris” [“Æsthetic Poetry”] in Westminster Review (Oct. 1868) 105

Robert Williams Buchanan (1841–1901): From “The Fleshly School of Poetry: Mr. D. G. Rossetti” (1871) 128 Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828–82): From “The Stealthy School of Criticism” (1871) 131 Algernon Charles Swinburne (1837–1909): From Under the Microscope (1872) 133

James Abbott McNeill Whistler (1834–1903): From “Mr. Whistler’s ‘Ten O’Clock’” (20 Feb. 1885) 109

Arthur Symons (1865–1945): From “The Decadent Movement in Literature” (1893) 134 Richard Le Gallienne (1866–1947) “A Ballad of London” (1895) 137 W. B. Yeats (1865–1939): From “The Symbolism of Poetry” (1900) 139 I 139 III 140 Olive Custance, Lady Douglas (1874–1944) 141 A Mood (1896) 141 The White Statue (1896) 142 Peacocks: A Mood (1902) 143

3. Literature and New Technologies 144 3.1 Book Publishing 144 Charles Dickens (1812–70): From “Address” (1847) [Prospectus for the Cheap Edition] 144 Charles Knight (1791–1873): The Old Printer and the Modern Press (1854) 146 From Chapter 6 146

0002169281.INDD 14 9/25/2014 4:55:01 AM xv Mason Jackson (1819–1903): The Pictorial Press: Its Origin and Progress (1885) 147 From Chapter 1 147 William Morris (1834–96): From A Note by William Morris on His Aims in Founding the Kelmscott Press (1898) 148 Contents John Southward (1840–1902): Progress in Printing and the Graphic Arts During the Victorian Era (1897) 149 From Chapter 1 149 From Chapter 2 150 From Chapter 3 151 From Chapter 12 151 3.2 Aural Culture 152 [Anon.] “The Edison Phonograph” in Illustrated London News (1888) 152 Recordings of Victorian Voices and Sounds 154 George Frideric Handel (1685–1759): Israel in Egypt (1739; recorded 1888) 154 Arthur Sullivan (1842–1900): “The Lost Chord” (piano and cornet) (1888) 155 Arthur Sullivan (1842–1900): After-Dinner Toast (1888) 155 Thomas Alva Edison (1847–1931): “Around the World on the Phonograph” (1888) 156 William Ewart Gladstone (1809–1898): “The Phonograph’s Salutation” (1888) 156 Robert Browning (1812–1889): “How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix” (1889) 157 Alfred Tennyson (1809–1892): “The Charge of the Light Brigade” (1890) 158 “Big Ben”: Sounding the Hours at the Palace of Westminster (1890) 158 Florence Nightingale (1820–1910): Speech in Support of the Balaclava Relief Fund (1890) 158 Martin Leonard Landfried (1834–1902): “Charge” (1890) 158 P. T. Barnum (1810–1891): “Address to the Future” (17 Feb. 1890) 159 Oscar Wilde [?] (1854–1900): From The Ballad of Reading Gaol (1900?) 159 Enrico Caruso (1873–1921): “The Lost Chord” (1912) 160 Rudyard Kipling (1865–1936): “France” (1921) 160 W. B. Yeats (1865–1939): “The Lake Isle of Innisfree” (1932) 160 3.3 Photography and Cinema 161 William Henry Fox Talbot (1800–1877): The Pencil of Nature (1844–46) 164 From Introductory Remarks 164 [Anon.] “Photography” in Illustrated London News (1853) 165 [Charles Lutwidge Dodgson] (1832–1898): From “Hiawatha’s Photographing” in The Train (1857) 167 Victorian Photographers and Photographs 170 Thomas Annan (1829–87) 170 Francis Bedford (1816–94) 170 Julia Margaret Cameron (1815–79) 170 Lewis Carroll [Charles Lutwidge Dodgson] (1832–98) 171 Peter Henry Emerson (1856–1936) 172 Frederick H. Evans (1853–1943) 172 Roger Fenton (1819–69) 172 Francis Frith (1822–98) 173

0002169281.INDD 15 9/25/2014 4:55:01 AM xvi David Octavius Hill (1802–70) and Robert Adamson (1821–48) 174 Robert Howlett (1831–58) 175 William J. Johnson (fl. 1850–60) and William Henderson

Contents (fl. 1850–60) 175 William Edward Kilburn (1818–91) 175 John Dillwyn Llewelyn (1810–82) 176 Eadweard Muybridge (1830–1904) 176 Oscar Gustave Rejlander (1813–75 176 Henry Peach Robinson (1830–1901) 177 William Lewis Henry Skeen (1847–1903) 177 William Henry Fox Talbot (1800–77) 178 John Thomson (1837–1921) 178 Benjamin Brecknell Turner (1815–94) 179 Victorian Cinema 179 Films from c.1890 to 1910 179 The Funeral of Queen Victoria (1901) 179

Religion and Science 113 Introduction 113 1. Geology and Evolution 122

Charles Lyell (1797–1875): Principles of Geology (1830–33) 180 From Book 1, Chapter 1 (1830) 180 From Book 3, Chapter 26 (1833) 181

Robert Chambers (1802–71): Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation (1844) 122 From Chapter 12: “General Considerations Respecting the Origin of the Animated Tribes” 122 Hugh Miller (1802–56): The Foot-Prints of the Creator: or, the Asterolepis of Stromness (1849) 124 From “Stromness and its Asterolepis. The Lake of Stennis 124 Philip Henry Gosse (1810–88): Omphalos: An Attempt to Untie the Geological Knot (1857) 125 From Chapter 12: “The Conclusion” 125 Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913): From “On the Tendency of Varieties to Depart Indefinitely from the Original Type” (20 Aug. 1858) 127 Charles Darwin (1809–82): On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or The Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (1859) 130 From “Introduction” 130 From Chapter 3: “Struggle for Existence” 133 From Chapter 4: “Natural Selection” 133 From Chapter 15: “Recapitulation and Conclusion” 136

0002169281.INDD 16 9/25/2014 4:55:01 AM xvii The Oxford Debate (30 June 1860): From Leonard Huxley, The Life and Letters of (1900) 182 Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913): From “The Origin of Human Races and the Antiquity of Man Deduced from the Theory Contents of ‘Natural Selection’” (1864) 188 Samuel Kinns (1826–1903): From Moses and Geology: Or, the Harmony of the Bible with Science (1882) 191 From Chapter 1: “The Word is Truth” 191 May Kendall (1861–1943): “The Lay of the Trilobite” (1885) 193

Agnes Mary Frances Robinson (1857–1944) 140 Darwinism 140

2. Religious Faith and Uncertainty 196 Henry Francis Lyte (1793–1847): “Abide with me!”(1847) 196 W. J. Conybeare (1815–1857): From “Church Parties” (1853) 197 John Ruskin (1819–1900): Letter to The Times (1854) [on Hunt’s Light of the World] 202 (1822–1896): Tom Brown’s Schooldays (1857) 204 From Part 2, Chapter 9: “Finis” 204 (1817–1893): From “On the Interpretation of Scripture” in Essays and Reviews (1860) 206 John William Burgon (1813–1888): Inspiration and Interpretation (1861) 210 From Sermon 3. [On the literal inspiration of the Bible] 210 Sabine Baring-Gould (1834–1924): “Onward Christian Soldiers” (1864) 214 (1801–90): Apologia Pro Vita Sua 216 From “Part V. History of My Religious Opinions [from 1839 to 1841]” 216 Mrs Humphrey Ward [Mary Augusta Arnold Ward] (1851–1920): Robert Elsmere (1888) 220 From Book 4, Chapter 26: “Crisis” 220

Empire 142 Introduction 142 1. Celebration and Criticism 148 Thomas Carlyle (1795–1881): From “Occasional Discourse on the Negro Question” in Fraser’s Magazine (Dec. 1849) 148 John Stuart Mill (1806–73): From “The Negro Question” in Fraser’s Magazine (Jan. 1850) 150 John Ruskin (1819–1900): From Inaugural Lecture (1870) 151 George William Hunt (c.1839–1904): “MacDermott’s War Song” [“By Jingo”] (1877) 153 J. R. Seeley (1834–95): The Expansion of England (1883) 154

0002169281.INDD 17 9/25/2014 4:55:01 AM xviii From Course II, Lecture I: “History and Politics” 154

Walter Crane (1845–1915): “Imperial Federation Map of the World Showing the Extent of the British Empire in 1886” (1886) 223 Contents

Alfred Tennyson (1809–92): “Opening of the Indian and Colonial Exhibition” (1886) 156 Alfred Tennyson (1809–92): “Carmen Sæculare: An Ode in Honour of the Jubilee of Queen Victoria” (1887) 157

Mrs Ernest Ames [Mary Frances Ames] (1853–1929): An ABC for Baby Patriots (1899) 226

Henry Labouchère [?] (1831–1912): “The Brown Man’s Burden” (1899) 160 J. A. Hobson (1858–1940): Imperialism: A Study (1902) 162 From Part 2, Chapter 4: “Imperialism and the Lower Races” 162 Arthur Christopher Benson (1862–1925): “Land of Hope and Glory” (1902) 163 Wilfrid Scawen Blunt (1840–1922): From My Diaries: Being a Personal Narrative of Events, 1888–1914 (1919) 165 2. Governing the Colonies 166 2.1 India 166 Thomas Babington Macaulay (1800–59): From Minute on Indian Education (1835) 166 Proclamation by the Queen in Council, to the Princes, Chiefs, and People of India (1858) 169 G. A. Henty (1832–1902): With Clive in India: Or, The Beginnings of an Empire (1884) 171 From “Preface” 171 Flora Annie Steel (1847–1929) and Grace Gardiner (d. 1919): The Complete Indian Housekeeper and Cook (1888) 172 From “Preface to the First Edition” 172 From Chapter 1: “The Duties of the Mistress” 173

2.2 White Colonies and Dependencies 229 Introduction 229 John George Lambton, first Earl of Durham (1792 –1840): From Report on the Affairs of British North America (1839) 230 (1818–1894): The English and the West Indies, or, The Bow of Ulysses (1888) 232 From Chapter 17 232 2.3 Ireland 234 Introduction 234 Jane Francesca Agnes [“Speranza”], Lady Wilde (1821–96): “The Famine Year” (1847) 235

0002169281.INDD 18 9/25/2014 4:55:01 AM xix Charles Trevelyan (1807–86): From The Irish Crisis (1848) 237 Presbyterian Prayer on the Irish in Toronto (c.1850) 240 Dion Boucicault (1820–90): From The Colleen Bawn, or The Brides of Garryowen (1860) 240 Contents Matthew Arnold (1822–88): On the Study of Celtic Literature (1867) 243 From Lecture 4 243 2.4 Africa 245 Introduction 245 “The Rudd Concession” (30 October 1888): From Lewis Mitchell, The Life of the Rt. Hon. Cecil John Rhodes, 1853–1902 (1910) 247 Lobengula Khumalo (1845–1894): From a Letter to Queen Victoria (23 Aug. 1893) 248 Henry Morton Stanley (1841–1904): In Darkest Africa: Or, the Quest, Rescue, and Retreat of Emin, Governor of Equatoria (1890) 249 From Chapter IX: “Ugarrowwa’s to Kilonga-Longa’s” 249 William Booth (1829–1912): In Darkest England and the Way Out (1890) 252 Part 1. The Darkness. Chapter 1: “Why ‘Darkest England’?” 252

3. Imperial Travellers 254 Elizabeth Rigby (Lady) Eastlake (1809–1893): From “Lady Travellers” (1845) 254 Francis Galton (1822–1911): The Art of Travel: Shifts and Contrivances Available in Wild Countries (1855) 257 William Howard Russell (1821–1907): From “The Cavalry Action at Balaklava” in The Times (14 Nov. 1854) 258 Isabella Bird (1831–1904): Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan (2 vols, 1891) 261 From Vol. 1, Letter 11; 26 March 1880 261

Behramji Malabari (1853–1912): The Indian Eye on English Life, or Rambles of a Pilgrim Reformer (1893) 176 From Chapter 2: “In and About London” 176

Mary Kingsley (1862–1900): Travels in West Africa (1897) 262 From Chapter VIII “From Ncovi to Esoon” 262

Ham Mukasa (1870–1956): Uganda’s Katikiro in England (1904) 178 From Chapter 5 178 From Chapter 6 179

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (1869–1948): An Autobiography, or, The Story of My Experiments with Truth (1927) 263 From Chapter 15: “Playing the English Gentleman” 263

0002169281.INDD 19 9/25/2014 4:55:01 AM xx Part Two Authors 181

Walter Savage Landor (1775–1864) 183

Contents To Robert Browning 183 “You smiled, you spoke, and I believed” 184 Dying Speech of an Old Philosopher 184 “I entreat you, Alfred Tennyson” 184

Charlotte Elliott (1789–1871) 185 “Him That Cometh to Me I Will in No Wise Cast Out.” [Just As I Am] 185

John Keble (1792–1866) 186 From National Apostasy Considered 187

Felicia Hemans (1793–1835) 190 Casabianca 191 The Indian Woman’s Death-Song 192 The Indian With His Dead Child 194 The Rock of Cader-Idris 195 The Last Song of Sappho 196

Janet Hamilton (1795–1873) 198 A Lay of the Tambour Frame 198

Thomas Carlyle (1795–1881) 200

Sartor Resartus 269 From “Symbols” [bk. 3. ch. 3] 269 From “Natural Supernaturalism” [bk. 3. ch. 8] 273

Past and Present 201 “Hero-Worship” 202 “Captains of Industry” 205

Past and Present 277 From “The Gospel of Mammonism” [bk. 3. ch. 2] 277

Maria Smith Abdy (1797–1867) 210 A Governess Wanted 211

0002169281.INDD 20 9/25/2014 4:55:02 AM xxi Mary Howitt (1799–1888) 212 The Spider and the Fly 213 The Fossil Elephant 214 Contents Thomas Hood (1799–1845) 216 The Song of the Shirt 216 The Bridge of Sighs 219

Sarah Stickney Ellis (1799–1872) 222 From Pictures of Private Life 222 “An Apology for Fiction” 222

Thomas Babington Macaulay (1800–59) 225

Lays of Ancient Rome 280 From “Horatius” 280

The History of England from the Accession of James the Second (1848–61) 225 From Chapter 1: “Before the Restoration” 226 [Introduction] 226 From Chapter 3: “The State of England in 1685” 228 [The Clergy] 228

James Dawson Burn (1801?–c.1889) 283 From Autobiography of a Beggar Boy 284

John Henry Newman (1801–90) 230 The Idea of a University Defined and Illustrated 231 From Discourse V: “Knowledge Its Own End” 233 From Discourse VII: “Knowledge Viewed in Relation to Professional Skill” 237

William Barnes (1801–86) 239 My Orchet in Linden Lea 240 Childhood 240 The Wife a-Lost 241 Zummer An’ Winter 242

0002169281.INDD 21 9/25/2014 4:55:02 AM xxii From “Old Bardic Poetry” [Two Translations from the Welsh] in Macmillan’s Magazine (Aug. 1867). 243 I Cynddyl´an’s Hall 243 II An Englyn on a Yellow Greyhound 244 Contents

Harriet Martineau (1802–76) 244 Society in America (1837) 245 From Chapter 3: “Morals of Politics” 245 Section VI: “Citizenship of People of Colour” 245 Section VII: “Political Non-Existence of Women” 246

L. E. L. [Letitia Elizabeth Landon] (1802–38) 248 Sappho’s Song 248 Revenge 249 Stanzas on the Death of Mrs. Hemans 250 The Factory 253 The Princess Victoria [I] 255 The Princess Victoria [II] 257

Elizabeth Duncan Campbell (1804–78) 258 The Windmill of Sebastopol 258 The Crimean War 261 The Schoolmaster 263 The Death of Willie, My Second Son 264

From “The Life of My Childhood” 287

William Dodd (1804–c.1850) 291 From A Narrative of the Experiences and Sufferings of William Dodd, A Factory Cripple, Written by Himself 291

Mary Jane Seacole (1805–81) 295 The Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands 296 From Chapter 8: I Long to Join the British Army Before Sebastopol 296 From Chapter 13: My Work in the Crimea 299

0002169281.INDD 22 9/25/2014 4:55:02 AM xxiii Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806–61) 266 Stanzas Addressed to Miss Landon, 266 L. E. L.’s Last Question 268 Contents

The Cry of the Children 301 “Sonnets from the Portuguese” 306 I “I thought once how Theocritus had sung” 306 II “But only three in all God’s universe” 307 III “Unlike are we, unlike, O princely Heart!” 307 V “I lift my heavy heart up solemnly” 307 XII “Indeed this very love which is my boast” 308 XIII “And wilt thou have me fashion into speech” 308 XIV “If thou must love me, let it be for naught” 309 XXII “When our two souls stand up erect and strong” 309 XXVIII “My letters! all dead paper, .. mute and white!” 310 XXIX “I think of thee!—my thoughts do twine and bud” 310 XLIII “How do I love thee? Let me count the ways” 310 XLIV “Belovèd, thou hast brought me many flowers” 311 The Runaway Slave at Pilgrim’s Point 311

A Musical Instrument 270

John Stuart Mill (1806–73) 272 On Liberty 273 From “Introductory” 274 The Subjection of Women 280 From Chapter 1 280

Autobiography 320 From Chapter 1: “Childhood and Early Education” 320 From Chapter 5: “A Crisis in My Mental History. One Stage Onward” 324

Caroline Norton (1808–77) 285 From A Voice from the Factories 285 The Picture of Sappho 290 Charles Darwin (1809–82) 293 From Autobiography 294 Edward FitzGerald (1809–83) 301 The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám, The Astronomer-Poet of Persia 302

0002169281.INDD 23 9/25/2014 4:55:02 AM xxiv Alfred Tennyson (1809–92) 318 Mariana 319 The Kraken 321 Contents The Lady of Shalott 321

The Lotos-Eaters 330 Choric Song 331

Ulysses 326 [“Break, break, break”] 328

Locksley Hall 335 Songs from The Princess 341 [“O Swallow, Swallow, flying, flying South] 341 [“Tears, idle tears”] 342 [“Now sleeps the crimson petal, now the white”] 343 [“Come down, O maid”] 343 [“Sweet and low, sweet and low”] 344 [“The splendour falls on castle walls”] 345

In Memoriam A. H. H. 329 The Eagle 415 The Charge of the Light Brigade 416

The Higher Pantheism 345

To Virgil 418 “Frater Ave atque Vale” 419 Crossing the Bar 420

Robert Browning (1812–89) 420 Porphyria’s Lover 421 From Pippa Passes 423 Song 423 My Last Duchess 423 Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister 424 The Bishop Orders His Tomb at Saint Praxed’s Church 427 Meeting at Night 431

0002169281.INDD 24 9/25/2014 4:55:02 AM xxv Parting at Morning 431 Love Among the Ruins 431 Fra Lippo Lippi 434 Contents

“Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came” 346

Andrea del Sarto 444

Caliban Upon Setebos 354

From Asolando 450 Epilogue 450

Edward Lear (1812–88) 451 From A Book of Nonsense 452 The Owl and the Pussy-Cat 453 How Pleasant to Know Mr. Lear 454

Samuel Smiles (1812–1904) 455 Self-Help: With Illustrations of Character and Conduct 455 From Chapter 1: “Self-Help: National and Individual” 455 From Chapter 2: “Leaders of Industry—Inventors and Producers” [James Watt] 456

Charlotte Brontë (1816–55) 457 The Missionary 458 “My feet they are sore, and my limbs they are weary” 462 Eventide [“The house was still, the room was still”] 463 Dec 24 [1848] [On the Death of Emily Brontë] 463 June 21 1849 [On the Death of Anne Brontë] 464

Grace Aguilar (1816–47) 464 The Vision of Jerusalem 465

Edwin Waugh (1817–90) 467 Come Whoam to Thy Childer an’ Me 467 Eawr Folk 468

0002169281.INDD 25 9/25/2014 4:55:02 AM xxvi Emily Jane Brontë (1818–48) 470 Remembrance 470 Song [“The Linnet in the rocky dells”] 471 Contents To Imagination 472 Plead for Me 473 The Old Stoic 474 “Shall earth no more inspire thee?” 475 “Ay—there it is! it wakes to-night” 476 “No coward soul is mine” 477

Eliza Cook (1818–89) 477 The Old Arm-Chair 478

Arthur Hugh Clough (1819–61) 479 Qui Laborat, Orat 480 “Duty—that’s to say complying” 480 The Latest Decalogue 482 The Struggle 482 Ah! Yet Consider it Again! 483 Epi-strauss-ium 483

John Ruskin (1819–1900) 484 Modern Painters 485

“Of Ideas of Beauty” 361

From “Of Water, as Painted by Turner” 487 From “Of Pathetic Fallacy’’ 490 The Stones of Venice 493

From “St. Mark’s” 364

From “The Nature of Gothic” 495

Queen Victoria (1819–1901) 506 Speech to Parliament 8 August 1851 506

0002169281.INDD 26 9/25/2014 4:55:02 AM xxvii From Leaves from the Journal of Our Life in the Highlands from 1848 to 1861 508 Love for Balmoral 508 Visits to the Old Women 508 Contents

George Eliot (1819–80) 509 “O May I Join the Choir Invisible” 510

Anne Brontë (1820–49) 511 Appeal 512 The Captive Dove 512 “O, they have robbed me of the hope” 513 Domestic Peace 513 [Last Lines] “I hoped that I was brave and strong” 514

Jean Ingelow (1820–97) 516 Remonstrance 516 Like a Laverock in the Lift 517 On the Borders of Cannock Chase 517

Florence Nightingale (1820–1910) 518 Notes on Nursing: What It Is, and What It Is Not 519 Preface 519 [Introduction] 519 “Note Upon Some Errors in Novels” 522 From Cassandra 524

Dion Boucicault (1820–90) 366 The Octoroon; or Life in Louisiana. A Play in Four Acts 367 From Act 3 [The Auction] 368 From Act 4 [The Trial] 371

Bill the Navvy (b. 1820?) 375 From “Autobiography of a Navvy” 375

Dora Greenwell (1821–82) 529 A Scherzo 529 To Elizabeth Barrett Browning in 1851 530

0002169281.INDD 27 9/25/2014 4:55:03 AM xxviii To Elizabeth Barrett Browning in 1861 531 To Christina Rossetti 531 Matthew Arnold (1822–88) 532 Contents The Forsaken Merman 532 Memorial Verses 536 [Isolation] To Marguerite 538 To Marguerite, in Returning a Volume of the Letters of Ortis 539 The Buried Life 540 Lines Written in Kensington Gardens 542 Philomela 544 Requiescat 545 Stanzas from the Grande Chartreuse 545 East London 551 West London 552 Dover Beach 552 Growing Old 553

Rugby Chapel 379

Preface to Poems (1853) 554

From “The Function of Criticism at the Present Time” 384 Culture and Anarchy 391 From [Chapter 1: “Sweetness and Light”] 391 From [Chapter 2: “Doing as One Likes”] 395 From [Chapter 4: “Hebraism and Hellenism”] 398

Coventry Patmore (1823–96) 564 From The Angel in the House 565 Book I: The Prologue 565 III Honoria: The Accompaniments 568 1 The Lover 568 Book II: “The Espousals” 570 X The Epitaph: The Accompaniments 570 3 The Foreign Land 570 XI The Departure: The Accompaniments 570 1 Womanhood 570 Idyl XI: The Departure 571 The Epilogue 572

0002169281.INDD 28 9/25/2014 4:55:03 AM xxix Sydney Dobell (1824–74) 572 To the Authoress of “Aurora Leigh” 573 Two Sonnets on the Death of Prince Albert 573 Contents William Topaz McGonagall (1825–1902) 574 The Tay Bridge Disaster 575 The Death of the Queen 577

Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–1895) 578 From “‘On a Piece of Chalk.’ A Lecture to Working Men” 579

Adelaide Anne Procter (1825–64) 583 Envy 583 A Woman’s Question 584 A Woman’s Answer 585 A Lost Cord 586 A Woman’s Last Word 587

Eliza Harriet Keary (1827–1918) 588 Disenchanted 588 Renunciation 589 A Mother’s Call 589 Old Age 590 A Portrait 590

Samuel Laycock (1826–93) 591 To My Owd Friend, Thomas Kenworthy 591 John Bull an’ His Tricks! 592

Emily Pfeiffer (1827–90) 594 Peace to the Odalisque [I] 595 [Peace to the Odalisque II] 595 Any Husband to Many a Wife 596 Studies from the Antique 596 Kassandra I 596 Kassandra II 597 Klytemnestra I 597 Klytemnestra II 598

0002169281.INDD 29 9/25/2014 4:55:03 AM xxx Ellen Johnston (c.1827–74) 598 The Working Man 599 The Last Sark 599 Contents Nelly’s Lament for the Pirnhouse Cat 600 Wanted, a Man 601 The Last Lay of “The Factory Girl” 603

From “Autobiography of Ellen Johnston, ‘The Factory Girl’” 399

George Meredith (1828–1909) 605

Modern Love 402 Sonnets I–VI 403 Sonnet XVII 405 Sonnet XXXIII 406 Sonnets XLIX–L 406

Lucifer in Starlight 605

Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828–82) 606

Songs of One Household. No. 1. My Sister’s Sleep 407

The Girlhood of Mary Virgin 607 The Blessed Damozel 608 The Woodspurge 614 Jenny 614 The Ballad of Dead Ladies 623

The House of Life: A Sonnet Sequence 409 “A Sonnet is a moment’s monument”— [Introductory Sonnet] 409 VI Nuptial Sleep 410 IX The Portrait 410 XIII Love-Sweetness 411 XVI Life-in-Love 411 XIX Silent Noon 412 XXIV–XXVII Willowwood 412 XXVIII Stillborn Love 414 XXXI The Landmark 414 XXXII The Hill Summit 415

0002169281.INDD 30 9/25/2014 4:55:03 AM xxxi XLVII A Superscription 415 L The One Hope 416 LXII The Soul’s Sphere 416 LXIX Autumn Idleness 416 Contents LXXIV, LXXV, LXXVI Old and New Art 417 I LXXIV Saint Luke the Painter 417 II LXXV Not as These 417 III LXXVI The Husbandman 418 LXXVII Soul’s Beauty 418 LXXVIII Body’s Beauty 419

Sunset Wings 625 “Found” 626 Spheral Change 626 Proserpina 627

Gerald Massey (1828–1907) 628 The Cry of the Unemployed 628 The Red Banner 629 The Awakening of the People 630

Elizabeth Siddal (1829–62) 631 Dead Love 632 Love and Hate 632 Lord, May I Come? 633

Christina Rossetti (1830–94) 634 Sappho 635 Goblin Market 635 A Birthday 649 Remember 649 After Death 650 An Apple Gathering 650 Echo 651 My Secret 652 “No, Thank You, John” 653 Song 654 Up-Hill 654

0002169281.INDD 31 9/25/2014 4:55:03 AM xxxii A Better Resurrection 655 L. E. L. 655 From Sing-Song 656 Contents Monna Innominata: A Sonnet of Sonnets 658 A Life’s Parallels 667 “For Thine Own Sake, O My God” 667 Birchington Churchyard 668 Cobwebs 668 In an Artist’s Studio 669 An Echo from Willow-Wood 669 Sleeping at Last 670

Charles Stuart Calverley (1831–84) 419 The Cock and the Bull 420

Lewis Carroll (1832–98) 671 From Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland 672 [Prefatory Poem] “All in the golden afternoon” 672 From Through the Looking-Glass 673 [Prefatory Poem] “Child of the pure unclouded brow” 673 Jabberwocky 674 The Walrus and the Carpenter 676 [Concluding Poem] “A boat, beneath a sunny sky” 678

William Morris (1834–96) 679 Riding Together 680 The Defence of Guenevere 682 The Haystack in the Floods 693 In Prison 697 From The Earthly Paradise: An Apology 698

From “How I became a Socialist” 421

James Thomson [B. V.] (1834–82) 700 The City of Dreadful Night 700 Proem 701 I “The City is of Night; perchance of Death” 703

0002169281.INDD 32 9/25/2014 4:55:03 AM xxxiii II “Because he seemed to walk with an intent” 704 VI “I sat forlornly by the river-side” 704 VII “Some say that phantoms haunt those shadowy streets” 706 IX “It is full strange to him who hears and feels” 707 XIII “Of all things human which are strange and wild” 708 Contents XIV “Large glooms were gathered in the mighty fane” 709 XVI “Our shadowy congregation rested still” 712 XIX “The mighty river flowing dark and deep” 713 XX “I sat me weary on a pillar’s base” 715 XXI “Anear the centre of that northern crest” 716 E. B. B. 719

William Schwenck Gilbert (1836–1911) 720 From Patience 720 Bunthorne’s Recitative and Song [“Am I alone, and unobserved?”] 720 Bunthorne and Grosvenor’s Duet [“When I go out of door”] 722 From Iolanthe 724 Lord Mountararat’s Solo [“When Britain really ruled the waves”] 724 From The Gondoliers 725 Quartet [“Then one of us will be a Queen”] 725 Giuseppe’s Solo [“Rising early in the morning”] 727 Augusta Webster (1837–94) 729 A Castaway 730 Algernon Charles Swinburne (1837–1909) 746 From Atalanta in Calydon 747 Chorus [“When the hounds of spring are on winter’s traces”] 747 Chorus [“Before the beginning of years”] 749

Hymn to Proserpine 425

The Leper 751 Before the Mirror 755

The Higher Pantheism in a Nutshell 429

Nephelidia 757 From “A Sequence of Sonnets on the Death of Robert Browning” 759 Walter Horatio Pater (1839–94) 759 Studies in the History of the Renaissance 760

0002169281.INDD 33 9/25/2014 4:55:03 AM xxxiv Preface 762

From “Leonardo da Vinci” 430 From “The School of Giorgione” 433 Contents

Conclusion 766 Thomas Hardy (1840–1928) 769 Hap 769 Neutral Tones 770 Nature’s Questioning 770 A Christmas Ghost-Story 771 The Dead Drummer [Drummer Hodge] 772 The Darkling Thrush 773 The Ruined Maid 774 De Profundis [In Tenebris] I 775 De Profundis [In Tenebris] II 776

Mathilde Blind (1841–96) 776 Winter 777 The Dead 777 Manchester by Night 778 The Red Sunsets, 1883 [I] 778 The Red Sunsets, 1883 [II] 779

Violet Fane (1843–1905) 779 Lancelot and Guinevere 780

Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844–89) 783 The Wreck of the Deutschland 784 God’s Grandeur 796 The Starlight Night 796 Spring 797 The Windhover 797 Pied Beauty 798 Hurrahing in Harvest 798 Binsey Poplars 799

0002169281.INDD 34 9/25/2014 4:55:03 AM xxxv Duns Scotus’s Oxford 800 Felix Randal 800 Spring and Fall: 801 Contents “As kingfishers catch fire, dragonflies dráw fláme” 801 [Carrion Comfort] 802 Tom’s Garland 803 Harry Ploughman 804 That Nature is a Heraclitean Fire and of the Comfort of the Resurrection 805 [“Thou art indeed just, Lord”] 805 Louisa Sarah Bevington (1845–95) 806 Morning 806 Afternoon 807 Twilight 808 Midnight 809 Marion Bernstein (1846–1906) 810 Woman’s Rights and Wrongs 810 A Rule to Work Both Ways 811 Wanted A Husband 812 Human Rights 813 A Dream 813 Married and “Settled” 814

Michael Field [Katharine Harris Bradley (1846–1914) and Edith Cooper (1862–1913)] 815 An Æolian Harp 816 XIV [My Darling] 817 XXXV [“Come, Gorgo, put the rug in place”] 818 [“O free me, for I take the leap”] 818 Praise of Thanatos 819 In Memoriam 820 Mona Lisa—Leonardo da Vinci (The Louvre) 820 To Correggio’s Holy Sebastian (Dresden) 821 Cupid’s Visit [“I lay sick in a foreign land”] 821

0002169281.INDD 35 9/25/2014 4:55:03 AM xxxvi The Birth of Venus 822 [“Sometimes I do dispatch my heart”] 823 [“Ah, Eros doth not always smite”] 823 Contents Cyclamens 824 [“Already to mine eyelids’ shore”] 824 [“A Girl”] 824 [“I sing thee with a stock-dove’s throat”] 825 Unbosoming 825 [“It was deep April”] 826 [“Solitary Death, make me thine own”] 826 Walter Pater 827 Constancy 827 To Christina Rossetti 828 Penetration 828 To the Winter Aphrodite 829 “I love you with my life” 829 A Palimpsest 829 “Beloved, my glory in thee is not ceased” 830 “Lo, my loved is dying” 830 Alice Meynell (1847–1922) 830 Renouncement 831 Unlinked 831 Parentage 832 Maternity 832

Lucy Luck (1848–1922) 437 From “A Little of My Life” 437

William Hurrell Mallock (1849–1923) 833 Christmas Thoughts, by a Modern Thinker 833

William Ernest Henley (1849–1903) 836 From In Hospital 836 I Enter Patient 836 II Waiting 837

0002169281.INDD 36 9/25/2014 4:55:04 AM xxxvii XIV Ave, Caesar! 837 IV To R. T. H. B. [Invictus] 838 We Shall Surely Die 838 Contents When You Are Old 839 Double Ballade of Life and Fate 839 Remonstrance 841 Pro Rege Nostro 841

Robert Louis Stevenson (1850–94) 843 From Treasure Island 843 To the Hesitating Purchaser 843 A Child’s Garden of Verses 844 [From the first section] 844 I Bed in Summer 844 V Whole Duty of Children 845 XXVIII Foreign Children 845 From Underwoods 846 XXI Requiem 846 “A Plea for Gas Lamps” 846

Arthur Clement Hilton (1851–77) 849 Octopus 849

Oscar Wilde (1854–1900) 850 Requiescat 851 Impression du Matin 852 Helas! 852 Impressions 853 I Le Jardin 853 II La Mer 853 Symphony in Yellow 854 The Harlot’s House 854 A Preface to The Picture of Dorian Gray 855

The Importance of Being Earnest 440

0002169281.INDD 37 9/25/2014 4:55:04 AM xxxviii John Davidson (1857–1909) 857 Thirty Bob a Week 857

Contents A Northern Suburb 860 Battle 861

Constance Naden (1858–89) 861 The Lady Doctor 862 Love Versus Learning 864 To Amy, On Receiving Her Photograph 866 The New Orthodoxy 866 Natural Selection 868

A. E. Housman (1859–1936) 869 A Shropshire Lad 870 I 1887 870 II “Loveliest of trees, the cherry now” 871 XIII “When I was one-and-twenty” 872 XIX To an Athlete Dying Young 872 XXVII “Is my team ploughing?” 873 XXX “Others, I am not the first” 874 XXXI “On Wenlock Edge the wood’s in trouble” 875 XXXV “On the idle hill of summer” 875 XLV “If by chance your eye offend you” 876 LIV “With rue my heart is laden” 876 LXII “Terence, this is stupid stuff ” 877 Additional Poems 879 XVIII “Oh who is that young sinner with the handcuffs on his wrists?” 879

Arthur Conan Doyle (1859–1930) 482 A Scandal in Bohemia 483

Francis Thompson (1859–1907) 880 The Hound of Heaven 880

Rosamund Marriott Watson (1860–1911) 885 Scythe Song 886 Triolet 887 Omar Khayyám 887

0002169281.INDD 38 9/25/2014 4:55:04 AM xxxix Dead Poets 888 In the Rain 889 A Summer Night 890 Contents Chimæra 891

Mary Elizabeth Coleridge (1861–1907) 892 Gone 893 The Other Side of a Mirror 893 Mortal Combat 894 The Witch 894 Marriage 895 The White Women 895 Death and the Lady 897

Amy Levy (1861–89) 897 Felo De Se 898 Magdalen 899 A Wallflower 901 The First Extra 901 At a Dinner Party 902 A Ballad of Religion and Marriage 902

Henry Newbolt (1862–1938) 903 Vitaï Lampada 904 “He Fell Among Thieves” 905 The Dictionary of National Biography 906 The Vigil 907 Clifton Chapel 908

Arthur Symons (1865–1945) 909 Pastel 910 The Absinthe Drinker 910 Javanese Dancers 911 Hallucination 912 White Heliotrope 913 Bianca 913

0002169281.INDD 39 9/25/2014 4:55:04 AM xl William Butler Yeats (1865–1939) 914 The Stolen Child 915 The Lake Isle of Innisfree 916 Contents An Old Song Re-Sung [Down by the Salley Gardens] 917 When You Are Old 917

Rudyard Kipling (1865–1936) 918 Gunga Din 918 The Widow at Windsor 921 Mandalay 922 Recessional 923 The White Man’s Burden: An Address to the United States 924

Lispeth 498

Lionel Johnson (1867–1902) 926 The Dark Angel 927 The Destroyer of a Soul 928 A Decadent’s Lyric 929

Ernest Dowson (1867–1900) 929 Non Sum Qualis Eram Bonae Sub Regno Cynarae 930 Nuns of the Perpetual Adoration 931 Vitae Summa Brevis Spem Non Vetat Incohare Longam 932 Benedictio Domini 932 Spleen 933 Villanelle of the Poet’s Road 934

Charlotte Mew (1869–1928) 934 V.R.I. 935 I [January 22nd, 1901] 935 II [February 2nd, 1901] 935 To a Little Child in Death 935 At the Convent Gate 936 Song [“Oh! Sorrow”] 937

0002169281.INDD 40 9/25/2014 4:55:04 AM xli Not for that City 937 Requiescat 938 The Farmer’s Bride 939 Contents

Appendix 1: Money and Banking 503 Appendix 2: Nineteenth-Century British Timelines 504

Further Reading 505

Index of Authors and Titles 514

Index of Authors and Titles 941

0002169281.INDD 41 9/25/2014 4:55:04 AM