To Whom It May Concern, What Follows Is Public Testimony Data Exported
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Resisting Chinese Linguistic Imperialism
UYGHUR HUMAN RIGHTS PROJECT SPECIAL REPORT Resisting Chinese Linguistic Imperialism: Abduweli Ayup and the Movement for Uyghur Mother Tongue-Based Education Rustem Shir, Research Associate Logo of the Ana Til Balilar Baghchisi (Mother Tongue Children’s Garden) May 2019 Contents Acknowledgement 4 Introduction 5 1. CCP language policy on education in East Turkestan 6 Foundations of CCP ethnic minority policy 6 Eras of minority language tolerance 9 Primary and secondary school ‘bilingual’ education policy 12 The Xinjiang Class 20 Mandarin as the language of instruction at Xinjiang University 22 Preschool and kindergarten ‘bilingual’ education policy 23 Suppression of the Movement for Uyghur Mother Tongue-Based Education 26 The Hotan Prefecture and Ghulja County Department of Education directives 28 Internment camps 29 Discussion 32 2. ABduweli Ayup and the Movement for Uyghur Mother Tongue-Based Education 36 Upal: Why couldn’t we study Kashgari? 36 Toquzaq: Oyghan! (Wake Up!) 38 Beijing: Our campus felt like a minority region 41 Doletbagh: My sad history repeating in front of me 50 Urumchi: Education for assimilation 55 Lanzhou: Are you bin Laden? 60 Ankara: Ethno-nationalism and a counterbalance 67 Urumchi: For the love of community 72 Lawrence: Disconnected 77 Kashgar: Rise of the Movement for Uyghur Mother Tongue-Based Education 81 Urumchi: Just keep silent 89 Kashgar: You’re going to be arrested 93 Doletbagh Detention Center: No choice, brother 98 Urumchi Tengritagh Detention Center: Qorqma (Don’t be afraid) 104 Urumchi Liudaowan Prison: Every color had disappeared 109 Urumchi Koktagh Prison: Do you want to defend yourself? 124 2 Urumchi/Kashgar: Release and return 127 Kashgar: Open-air prison 131 Ankara: Stateless and stranded 138 Paris: A new beginning 146 3. -
Table S1. the Species Information of Ferula Genus Used in This Study
Table S1. The species information of Ferula genus used in this study. Specimen GenBank Latin name Sample source Sampling parts voucher accession 7-x-z-7-1 Yining County, Xinjiang leaves KF792984 7-x-z-7-2 Yining County, Xinjiang leaves KF792985 7-x-z-7-3 Jeminay County, Xinjiang leaves KF792986 7-x-z-7-4 Jeminay County,Xinjiang leaves KF792987 7-x-z-7-5 Yining County, Xinjiang leaves KF792988 7-x-z-8-2 Yining County, Xinjiang leaves KF792995 Ferula sinkiangensis 7-x-z-7-6 Yining County, Xinjiang roots KF792989 K.M.Shen 7-x-z-7-7 Yining County, Xinjiang leaves KF792990 7-x-z-7-8 Jeminay County, Xinjiang leaves KF792991 7-x-z-7-9 Jeminay County, Xinjiang roots KF792992 7-x-z-7-10 Yining County, Xinjiang leaves KF792993 7-x-z-8-1 Yining County, Xinjiang leaves KF792994 13909 Shawan,County,Xinjiang roots KJ804121 7-x-z-3-2 Fukang County, Xinjiang leaves KF793025 7-x-z-3-5 Fukang County, Xinjiang leaves KF793027 Ferula fukanensis 7-x-z-3-4 Fukang County, Xinjiang leaves KF793026 K.M.Shen 7-x-z-3-1 Fukang County, Xinjiang roots KF793024 13113 Fukang County, Xinjiang roots KJ804103 13114 Fukang County, Xinjiang roots KJ804104 7-x-z-2-4 Toli County, Xinjiang roots KF793002 7-x-z-2-5 Toli County, Xinjiang leaves KF793003 7-x-z-2-6 Fuyun County, Xinjiang leaves KF793004 7-x-z-2-7 Fuyun County, Xinjiang leaves KF793005 7-x-z-2-8 Fuyun County, Xinjiang leaves KF793006 7-x-z-2-9 Toli County, Xinjiang leaves KF793007 Ferula ferulaeoides 7-x-z-2-10 Shihezi City, Xinjiang leaves KF793008 (Steud.) Korov. -
2019 International Religious Freedom Report
CHINA (INCLUDES TIBET, XINJIANG, HONG KONG, AND MACAU) 2019 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT Executive Summary Reports on Hong Kong, Macau, Tibet, and Xinjiang are appended at the end of this report. The constitution, which cites the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party and the guidance of Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought, states that citizens have freedom of religious belief but limits protections for religious practice to “normal religious activities” and does not define “normal.” Despite Chairman Xi Jinping’s decree that all members of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) must be “unyielding Marxist atheists,” the government continued to exercise control over religion and restrict the activities and personal freedom of religious adherents that it perceived as threatening state or CCP interests, according to religious groups, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and international media reports. The government recognizes five official religions – Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Protestantism, and Catholicism. Only religious groups belonging to the five state- sanctioned “patriotic religious associations” representing these religions are permitted to register with the government and officially permitted to hold worship services. There continued to be reports of deaths in custody and that the government tortured, physically abused, arrested, detained, sentenced to prison, subjected to forced indoctrination in CCP ideology, or harassed adherents of both registered and unregistered religious groups for activities related to their religious beliefs and practices. There were several reports of individuals committing suicide in detention, or, according to sources, as a result of being threatened and surveilled. In December Pastor Wang Yi was tried in secret and sentenced to nine years in prison by a court in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, in connection to his peaceful advocacy for religious freedom. -
CAPSTONE 20-1 SWA Field Study Trip Book Part II
CAPSTONE 20-1 SWA Field Study Trip Book Part II Subject Page Afghanistan ................................................................ CIA Summary ......................................................... 2 CIA World Fact Book .............................................. 3 BBC Country Profile ............................................... 24 Culture Gram .......................................................... 30 Kazakhstan ................................................................ CIA Summary ......................................................... 39 CIA World Fact Book .............................................. 40 BBC Country Profile ............................................... 58 Culture Gram .......................................................... 62 Uzbekistan ................................................................. CIA Summary ......................................................... 67 CIA World Fact Book .............................................. 68 BBC Country Profile ............................................... 86 Culture Gram .......................................................... 89 Tajikistan .................................................................... CIA World Fact Book .............................................. 99 BBC Country Profile ............................................... 117 Culture Gram .......................................................... 121 AFGHANISTAN GOVERNMENT ECONOMY Chief of State Economic Overview President of the Islamic Republic of recovering -
Human Rights Now 4F Suzuki Bldg., 335 Yamabukicho, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 162-0801 JAPAN Tel:+81-3-6228-1528 Website: Email: [email protected]
Human Rights Now 4F Suzuki Bldg., 335 Yamabukicho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0801 JAPAN Tel:+81-3-6228-1528 Website: http://hrn.or.jp/eng Email: [email protected] 1 May 2020 The Government of China Must Immediately End Its Campaign of Mass Detentions, Abuse, Forced Labor, and Destruction of Muslim Culture in Xinjiang 1. A Systematic, Comprehensive Campaign to Stamp out Turkic Muslim Culture in Xinjiang Since May 2014, the government of China, under the direction of China‘s President Xi Jinping and Xinjiang Party Secretary Chen Quanguo, has waged a ―Strike Hard Campaign against Violent Terrorism‖ which has used the pretext of fighting religious extremism to implement a vast program of serious human rights abuses against Turkic Muslims in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (UAR). This population includes 10 million Uyghurs, over a million Kazakhs, and hundreds of thousands of Tajiks, Kyrgyz, Uzbeks, Tatars, and others. The evidence indicates that the program is a comprehensive effort to destroy the religion, language, writings, history, and culture of Turkic Muslims in Xinjiang and force their assimilation with the majority Han population.1 The effort is being accomplished through four highly abusive methods of total population control, each of which would constitute abuses of historic proportions by itself: vast numbers of long, arbitrary, abusive, and coercive detentions in reeducation camps; ever-present monitoring of the population by mass surveillance and mandatory homestays; repression and punishment of virtually all forms of cultural and religious expression; and a comprehensive system of forced labor. The evidence shows that gross and widespread abuses and human rights violations are being carried out against the population, including violations of the rights to freedom of religion, expression, association, and privacy and the prohibitions of torture, inhuman treatment, unfair trials, and discrimination. -
Teach Uyghur Project Educational Outreach Document
TEACH UYGHUR PROJECT EDUCATIONAL OUTREACH DOCUMENT UYGHUR AMERICAN ASSOCIATION / NOVEMBER 2020 Who are the Uyghurs? The Uyghurs are a Turkic, majority Muslim ethnic group indigenous to Central Asia. The Uyghur homeland is known to Uyghurs as East Turkistan, but is officially known and internationally recognized as the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. Due to the occupation of their homeland by the Qing Dynasty of China and the colonization of East Turkistan initiated by the Chinese Communist Party, many Uyghurs have fled abroad. There are several hundred thousand Uyghurs living in the independent Central Asian states of Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan, as well as a large diaspora in Turkey and in Europe. There are and estimated 8,000 to 10,000 Uyghurs in the United States. The Uyghur people are currently being subjected to a campaign of mass incarceration, mass surveillance, forced labor, population control, and genocide, perpetrated by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). About the Uyghur American Association (UAA) Established in 1998, the Uyghur American Association (UAA) is a non-partisan organization with the chief goals of promoting and preserving Uyghur culture, and supporting the right of Uyghur people to use peaceful, democratic means to determine their own political futures. Based in the Washington D.C. Metropolitan Area, the UAA serves as the primary hub for the Uyghur diaspora community in the United States. About the "Teach Uyghur Project" Education is a powerful tool for facilitating change. The goal of this project is to encourage teachers to teach about Uyghurs, and to persuade schools, and eventually state legislatures, to incorporate Uyghurs into primary and secondary school curriculum. -
Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level
Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level Corresponding Type Chinese Court Region Court Name Administrative Name Code Code Area Supreme People’s Court 最高人民法院 最高法 Higher People's Court of 北京市高级人民 Beijing 京 110000 1 Beijing Municipality 法院 Municipality No. 1 Intermediate People's 北京市第一中级 京 01 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Shijingshan Shijingshan District People’s 北京市石景山区 京 0107 110107 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Haidian District of Haidian District People’s 北京市海淀区人 京 0108 110108 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Mentougou Mentougou District People’s 北京市门头沟区 京 0109 110109 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Changping Changping District People’s 北京市昌平区人 京 0114 110114 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Yanqing County People’s 延庆县人民法院 京 0229 110229 Yanqing County 1 Court No. 2 Intermediate People's 北京市第二中级 京 02 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Dongcheng Dongcheng District People’s 北京市东城区人 京 0101 110101 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Xicheng District Xicheng District People’s 北京市西城区人 京 0102 110102 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Fengtai District of Fengtai District People’s 北京市丰台区人 京 0106 110106 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality 1 Fangshan District Fangshan District People’s 北京市房山区人 京 0111 110111 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Daxing District of Daxing District People’s 北京市大兴区人 京 0115 -
Distribution Law and Utilizable Potentialities of Three Kinds of Clover Germplasm Resources in Xinjiang
University of Kentucky UKnowledge XXI International Grassland Congress / VIII International Grassland Congress Proceedings International Rangeland Congress Distribution Law and Utilizable Potentialities of Three Kinds of Clover Germplasm Resources in Xinjiang Laixi Zhao Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China Yuqing Wang Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China Chunbo Xu Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China Ying De Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc Part of the Plant Sciences Commons, and the Soil Science Commons This document is available at https://uknowledge.uky.edu/igc/21/13-2/25 The XXI International Grassland Congress / VIII International Rangeland Congress took place in Hohhot, China from June 29 through July 5, 2008. Proceedings edited by Organizing Committee of 2008 IGC/IRC Conference Published by Guangdong People's Publishing House This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Plant and Soil Sciences at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in International Grassland Congress Proceedings by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 瞯 5 18 瞯 Multifunctional Grasslands in a Changing World Volume Ⅱ ] Distribution law and utilizable potentialities of three kinds of clover germplasm resources in Xinjiang Zhao L aixi , W ang Y uqing , X u Chunbo and De Y ing G rassland Research Institute , CA A S , Hohhot 010010 , PRC . E‐mail :z haolaixi3630@ sina .com Key words : Xinjiang , clover , germplasm resources , distribution law , utilizable potentialities Introduction T ri f olium According to the flora of China , the Xinjiang flora ismainlya forage base utilized as a grassland resource . -
Pathogenic Leishmania Spp. Detected in Lizards from Northwest China
Zhang et al. BMC Veterinary Research (2019) 15:446 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-019-2174-4 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Pathogenic Leishmania spp. detected in lizards from Northwest China using molecular methods Jun-Rong Zhang1, Xian-Guang Guo2, Han Chen1, Jin-Long Liu2,3, Xiong Gong2, Da-Li Chen1* and Jian-Ping Chen1* Abstract Background: Leishmaniosis, a disease caused by pathogenic Leishmania parasites, remains an unresolved health problem in the New World and the Old World. It is well known that lizards can be infected by a subgenus of Leishmania parasites, i.e. Sauroleishmania, which is non-pathogenic to humans. However, evidence suggests that lizards may also harbor pathogenic Leishmania species including the undetermined Leishmania sp., discovered in our previous work. Leishmania DNA in lizard blood can be detected by using molecular methods, such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Three hundred and sixteen lizards, representing 13 species of four genera, were captured for blood samples collection in Northwest China. Two reliable molecular markers (cytochrome b and heat shock protein 70 genes) were used for detection in the lizard blood samples, to confirm a widespread presence of pathogenic Leishmania parasites and the distribution pattern of Leishmania spp. in lizards from Northwest China. The PCR data indicated positive detection rate for Leishmania in all the tested lizards with an overall prevalence of 57.91% (183/316). Apart from lizard parasites like Leishmania tarentolae and Leishmania sp., several pathogenic Leishmania including L. turanica, L. tropica and L. donovani complex were identified by using phylogenetic analysis. Co-existence of different haplotypes was observed in most Leishmania DNA-positive lizards with an overall rate of 77.6% (142/183). -
China - Provisions of Administration on Border Trade of Small Amount and Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation of Border Regions, 1996
China - Provisions of Administration on Border Trade of Small Amount and Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation of Border Regions, 1996 MOFTEC Copyright © 1996 MOFTEC ii Contents Contents Article 16 5 Article 17 5 Chapter 1 - General Provisions 2 Article 1 2 Chapter 3 - Foreign Economic and Technical Coop- eration in Border Regions 6 Article 2 2 Article 18 6 Article 3 2 Article 19 6 Chapter 2 - Border Trade of Small Amount 3 Article 20 6 Article 21 6 Article 4 3 Article 22 7 Article 5 3 Article 23 7 Article 6 3 Article 24 7 Article 7 3 Article 25 7 Article 8 3 Article 26 7 Article 9 4 Article 10 4 Chapter 4 - Supplementary Provisions 9 Article 11 4 Article 27 9 Article 12 4 Article 28 9 Article 13 5 Article 29 9 Article 14 5 Article 30 9 Article 15 5 SiSU Metadata, document information 11 iii Contents 1 Provisions of Administration on Border Trade of Small Amount and Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation of Border Regions (Promulgated by the Ministry of Foreign Trade Economic Cooperation and the Customs General Administration on March 29, 1996) 1 China - Provisions of Administration on Border Trade of Small Amount and Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation of Border Regions, 1996 2 Chapter 1 - General Provisions 3 Article 1 4 With a view to strengthening and standardizing the administra- tion on border trade of small amount and foreign economic and technical cooperation of border regions, preserving the normal operating order for border trade of small amount and techni- cal cooperation of border regions, and promoting the healthy and steady development of border trade, the present provisions are formulated according to the Circular of the State Council on Circular of the State Council on Certain Questions of Border Trade. -
Public Health
1 PUBLIC HEALTH Institutional Developments During the Commission’s 2018 reporting year, the Chinese gov- ernment and Communist Party implemented institutional reforms to support evolving public health priorities.1 For example, in March 2018, authorities announced a plan to restructure Party and gov- ernment agencies, including merging the National Health and Family Planning Commission and other agencies into a new Na- tional Health Commission.2 According to the plan, the new commis- sion will turn its focus away from treatment of disease to health more broadly, including such issues as China’s aging population.3 A July 2018 State Council General Office guiding opinion further clarified the new commission’s role, and called for implementation of Party policy and strengthened Party leadership.4 Authorities also engaged in international exchanges focused on public health issues, in line with recent official public health policy.5 For exam- ple, the Chinese government hosted an international symposium on HIV/AIDS in Beijing municipality in November 2017.6 The Sep- tember 2017 inaugural U.S.-China Social and Cultural Dialogue in- cluded health among areas for potential bilateral cooperation.7 Health-Based Discrimination Health-based discrimination in employment and education con- tinued,8 despite protections in Chinese law.9 In one case reported in August 2017, authorities in Fuzhou municipality, Fujian prov- ince, cited physical examination results as grounds to deny a teach- ing job to Lin Chuanhua, whose right hand is missing and who achieved -
2020 International Religious Freedom Report
CHINA (INCLUDES TIBET, XINJIANG, HONG KONG, AND MACAU) 2020 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT Executive Summary Reports on Hong Kong, Macau, Tibet, and Xinjiang are appended at the end of this report. The constitution of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), which cites the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), states that citizens “enjoy freedom of religious belief” but limits protections for religious practice to “normal religious activities” without defining “normal.” CCP members and members of the armed forces are required to be atheists and are forbidden from engaging in religious practices. National law prohibits organizations or individuals from interfering with the state educational system for minors younger than the age of 18, effectively barring them from participating in most religious activities or receiving religious education. Some provinces have additional laws on minors’ participation in religious activities. The government continued to assert control over religion and restrict the activities and personal freedom of religious adherents that it perceived as threatening state or CCP interests, according to religious groups, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and international media reports. The government recognizes five official religions: Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Protestantism, and Catholicism. Only religious groups belonging to one of the five state-sanctioned “patriotic religious associations” representing these religions are permitted to register with the government and officially permitted to hold worship services. There continued to be reports of deaths in custody and that the government tortured, physically abused, arrested, detained, sentenced to prison, subjected to forced indoctrination in CCP ideology, or harassed adherents of both registered and unregistered religious groups for activities related to their religious beliefs and practices.