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Mikoko Pamoja (Kenya) Empowered lives. Resilient nations. MIKOKO PAMOJA Kenya Equator Initiative Case Studies Local sustainable development solutions for people, nature, and resilient communities UNDP EQUATOR INITIATIVE CASE STUDY SERIES Local and indigenous communities across the world are development in marine, forest, grassland, dryland and advancing innovative sustainable development solutions wetland ecosystems. Selected from 806 nominations from that work for people and for nature. Few publications across 120 countries, the winners were celebrated at a gala or case studies tell the full story of how such initiatives event in New York, coinciding with Global Goals Week and evolve, the breadth of their impacts, or how they change the 72nd Session of the UN General Assembly. Special over time. Fewer still have undertaken to tell these stories emphasis was placed on scalable, nature-based solutions with community practitioners themselves guiding the to address biodiversity conservation, climate change narrative. The Equator Initiative aims to fill that gap. adaptation, disaster risk reduction, gender equality, land The Equator Initiative, supported by generous funding rights, and food and water security to reduce poverty, from the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation protect nature, and strengthen resilience. (NORAD) and the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ), awarded the The following case study is one in a growing series that Equator Prize 2017 to 15 outstanding local community describes vetted and peer-reviewed best practices intended and indigenous peoples initiatives from 12 countries. to inspire the policy dialogue needed to scale nature- The winners were recognized for their significant work based solutions essential to achieving the Sustainable to advance nature-based solutions for sustainable Development Goals. PROJECT SUMMARY KEY FACTS Located in Gazi Bay of southern Kenya, Mikoko Pamoja Equator Prize Winner is the first community-based project in the world 2017 to successfully sell carbon credits from mangrove conservation and restoration. Uniting the villages of Founded Gazi and Makongeni, the initiative began in 2013, marketing carbon credits for the period 2013-2033. 2012 During this time, the group will conserve 107 hectares Location of natural forest and 10 hectares of plantations, while also contributing to the annual restoration of 0.4 Gazi Bay, Kwale County, Kenya hectares in eroding sections of the bay. These avoided deforestation, forest protection, and restoration Beneficiaries activities cumulatively sequester approximately 3,000 5,400 local community members metric tons CO2-equivalent per year, which are sold on the Voluntary Carbon Market (VCM) through Plan Areas of focus Vivo Certificates (PCVs). Through these activities, Mangrove restoration, community development, carbon Mikoko Pamoja earns at least US$12,000 per year, offsetting, sustainable use, awareness and education, and which is reinvested in the community, benefiting ecotourism 5,400 residents through projects in education, health, and water, sanitation, and environmental protection. Sustainable Development Goals addressed Ecotourism provides a further source of income for this initiative, which is in the process of being replicated in other places in Kenya. e 36° 37° 38° 39° 40° Guenal 41° 42° Negēlē SOUTH Konso SUDAN Administrative 5° Boundary 5° Yabelo KENYA Houdat D Kelem aw a Ch'ew Bahir Todenyang ETHIOPIA Banya Sabarei Lokichokio Mega Dolo Odo Sibiloi National Park 4 4 ° Lake Turkana Banissa ° Ramu Mandera Kakuma (Lake Rudolf) Kaabong Lokwa Kangole Central I. Central Island N. P. Moyale Takaba North Horr Lodwar 3 3 ° l ° e El Wak w Buna k Loiyangalani El Beru Hagia r u South I. T Moroto South Island N. P. Lokichar Marsabit Marsabit National Park UGANDA Tarbaj 2° Lokori EASTERN Girito 2° South Turkana Nat. Reserve L. Bisinga Baragoi Wajir L. Oputa Losai National Reserve m a Laisamis u S RIFT VALLEY L aga B o r Tot Mbale Mount Elgon N. P. Maralal Game Sanctuary Maralal Log Dif 1 Kitale o a 1 ° ir Habaswein Bo ° Archer's g' g Kisima a SOMALIA Post o N l Lorule Ewas Tororo WESTERN L. Baringo Mado Gashi Webuye Eldoret Busia Marigat Shaba Nat. Res. NORTH- Kinna Liboi Butere Kakamega Nyahururu Isiolo EASTERN Bisanadi a (Thomson's Falls) Meru er Bilis Qooqaani Nanyuki Nat. Res. Rahole Nat. Lak D Meru Nat. Reserve Solai Hagadera L 0° Kisumu Mt. Kenya Park 0° a Londiani 5199 m k T e Nakuru Mt. Kenya Nat. Park North Kora National a na Aberdares Kericho Molo Kitui Reserve Nyeri N. P. Mfangano I. Nat. Garissa V Homa Bay Gilgil Res. i CENTRAL Embu c Kisii t Naivasha o NYANZA Murang'a r L. Naivasha Nguni i a Masinga 1 Thika Mwingi 1 ° Migori Narok Reservoir Bura ° NAIROBI Kolbio Buur Gaabo AREA Arawale Nat. Res. Nairobi Kitui Hola Kaambooni Musoma Masai Mara Nat. Res. Machakos Boni Nat. Res. A t h Tana River Primate Nat. Res. i L. Magadi Kajiado South Kitui Nat. Res. Dodori Nat. Res. Magadi Sultan-Hamud 2° 2° KENYA Garsen Lamu Pate I. Lake Kibwezi Lamu I. Manda I. Natron Namanga Amboseli Nat. Park COAST L. Amboseli Mtito Andei Tsavo East National Park Ungama Bay Tsavo 3° Kilimanjaro Galana 3° 5895 m Tsavo Tsavo West Malindi Moshi Nat.Park Arusha Voi National capital Taveta Provincional capital Kilifi INDIAN Nyumba Ya Mungi Town, village Reservoir Mariakanii OCEAN Airport 4° Same 4° International boundary Mombasa Shimba Hills Nat. Park Provincional boundary Main road The boundaries and names shown and the designations Secondary road UNITED used on this map do not imply official endorsement or Moa acceptance by the United Nations. Other road or track REPUBLIC OF 5° Railroad TANZANIA Wete 0 50 100 150 5° Tanga Korogwe 0 25 50 75 100 mi 34° 35° 36° 37° 38° 39° Pemba I. 40° 41° 42° Map No. 4187 Rev. 3 UNITED NATIONS Department of Field Support December 2011 Cartographic Section EQUATOR PRIZE 2017 WINNER FILM The depiction and use of boundaries and related information shown on maps or included within in text of this document are not guaranteed to be free from error, nor do they imply official acceptance or recognition by the United Nations. BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT Mangroves, also called ‘the blue forests’, typically occur in population growth, urbanization, pollution, and climate the intertidal zone along tropical and subtropical coastlines. change. They are among the most endangered ecosystems on Earth. Approximately 75 percent of mangroves worldwide Gazi Bay is a low-lying seascape covering 1,800 hectares. The are concentrated in just 15 countries, and barely 7 percent bay is well-shielded by a fringing reef to the South and the of them lie in protected areas. Chale Peninsula to the East. Two seasonal rivers drain into its waters – Kidogoweni to the Northwest and Mukurumudzi Mangroves are essential for both human and marine life. They to the Southwest – and its borders are protected by 615 provide a critical habitat for fisheries, acting as nurseries for fish hectares of mangrove forests. All nine species that occur in the during early life stages. Tree detritus and bacteria accumulate Western Indian Ocean Region are native to Gazi Bay, but seven in the water beneath mangroves and are an important food species dominate: grey mangrove (Avicennia marina), oriental source and refuge for juvenile fish, while knotted mangrove mangrove (Bruguiera gymnorhiza), tagal mangrove (Ceriops roots protect them from predators. In Gazi Bay, the essential tagal), black mangrove (Lumnitzera racemosa), red mangrove role of mangroves sustains the fishing industry upon which 90 (Rhizophora mucronata), apple mangrove (Sonneratia alba), percent of the local population depends for their livelihoods. and cannonball mangrove (Xylocarpus granatum). Mangrove ecosystems also act as a buffer between land and In addition to this rich mangrove ecosystem, the bay hosts sea. When strong waves churn towards land, mangroves abundant bird life and approximately 180 different species diffuse their force and protect human settlements as well of fish, making it one of the major fish landing sites in as the shoreline, reducing damage to infrastructure and Kenya and the East African coast as a whole. Crustaceans preventing erosion. They also prevent siltation in seagrass and molluscs are also caught, especially by women meadows and coral reefs in the sea, and on land reduce and children. Ecotourism is also becoming increasingly salt water contamination of crops and drinking water. important, with apiculture and aquaculture offering In addition to these key ecological funtions, mangrove additional alternative livelihoods. For years, villagers have forests serve as high-quality carbon sinks, serving as also harvested mangroves for firewood, building poles, critical resource for climate change mitigation. and construction materials. Despite their vast socioeconomic and ecological The Gazi and Makongeni villages of Gazi Bay have a resident significance, mangroves have not been assigned ‘market population of approximately 5,400 people. The villages are prices’ and their value is generally underestimated. predominantly Muslim, as are most surrounding villages, Consequently, these ecosystems are facing significant although there are also Christians and animists living pressure. The major drivers of environmental change harmoniously in the area. The main ethnic groups are the which negatively impact Kenyan mangroves include Swahili and the Mijikenda of Bantu origin. Origin and Structure Formally established in 2012, the creation of Mikoko Pamoja Swahili, is a pioneering mangrove
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