DOCSLIB.ORG

Assibilation and Affrication in Three Generations of Cajun Male Speakers Aaron Emmitte Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Assibilation and Affrication in Three Generations of Cajun Male Speakers Aaron Emmitte Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2013 Un cadjin qui dzit bon dieu! : assibilation and affrication in three generations of Cajun male speakers Aaron Emmitte Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the French and Francophone Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Emmitte, Aaron, "Un cadjin qui dzit bon dieu! : assibilation and affrication in three generations of Cajun male speakers" (2013). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 2513. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/2513 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. UN CADJIN QUI DZIT CHER BON DIEU!: ASSIBILATION AND AFFRICATION IN THREE GENERATIONS OF CAJUN MALE SPEAKERS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of French Studies by Aaron Emmitte B.A., Texas Christian University, 2006 M.A., Louisiana State University, 2009 August 2013 © Copyright 2013 Aaron Emmitte All rights reserved ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to thank my advisor, Sylvie Dubois, who has constantly supported me over the past seven years. Without her help and direction, I could not have completed this dissertation. She has always been so generous with her time and advice, and I am truly grateful to her for everything that she has done for me over the years. I would also like to thank my committee members: Janna Oetting, John Protevi, and Rafael Orozco, as well as my Dean’s Representative: Jon Cogburn, for their involvement and guidance in my dissertation and my overall education at LSU. I greatly appreciate their cooperation with my timing throughout the entire dissertation process. Writing this dissertation has been a long, sometimes stressful process, and so I must also thank the entire Department of French Studies, whose faculty and graduate students were constant sources of support. I would like to thank the department’s chair, Greg Stone, in particular. I am also eternally grateful to Cathy Luquette. You showed me what it is to be a great teacher, and the year that I spent as your assistant was one of the best of my academic career. Thank you to Amanda LaFleur and Earlene Broussard as well for letting me play a small role in the Cajun program. To my dear friends Andy, Carrie, Carey, Frankie, Katy, Melanie, Rosie, and Ryan: thank you for your love and support. You have made Baton Rouge not just a place where I went to school but, more importantly, a home. Many thanks also to Sarah. Even though you’re far away, you’ve always been there for me and listened tirelessly when I needed someone. I would also like to thank the entire Rivière family. You welcomed me into your homes and showed me nothing but the utmost hospitality. Y’all have made this an amazing past seven years! iii Lastly and most importantly, I want to thank my family. Y’all have always encouraged me to follow my passions my entire life, and I cannot imagine where I would be without your love and support. Thank y’all for always being there and asking me when I was going to finish. This dreaded question was perhaps my strongest motivation to finish! iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... iii LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... ix ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................................................x INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1 CHAPTER 1. SOCIOHISTORY OF ACADIANS AND CAJUNS ............................................10 1.1 History and Colonization of Louisiana and Acadia ...........................................................11 1.2 Le Grand Dérangement ......................................................................................................15 1.3 Settlement of Louisiana and Emergence of the ‘Cajuns’ ...................................................17 1.4 Varieties of French in Louisiana ........................................................................................25 1.5 The Four Parishes of my Study ..........................................................................................29 1.6 Linguistic Studies of Cajun French ....................................................................................35 1.7 Cajun French Today ...........................................................................................................40 CHAPTER 2. LANGUAGE SHIFT AND GENDER ..................................................................43 2.1 Language Shift ...................................................................................................................44 2.2 Studies of Gender ...............................................................................................................50 2.3 Hypothesis ..........................................................................................................................58 CHAPTER 3. CADZIEN OU CADJIN? ......................................................................................61 3.1 Linguistic Approaches to Assibilation and Affrication ......................................................61 3.2 Assibilation in French ........................................................................................................67 3.2.1 Assibilation as a Marker of Dialect ..............................................................................67 3.2.2 Origin(s) of Assibilation in French ..............................................................................74 3.3 Affrication in French ...........................................................................................................79 3.3.1 Affrication as a Market of Dialect ................................................................................79 3.3.2 Cadien, Cadzien, or Cadjin? The Answer… ................................................................85 CHAPTER 4. METHODOLOGY AND DISTRIBUTION OF DATA .......................................87 4.1 The Dubois Cajun French Corpus ......................................................................................87 4.2 My Subsample of Cajun Male Speakers ............................................................................90 4.3 The Coding Process ............................................................................................................93 4.4 Distribution of Three Variants in Cajun French .................................................................96 4.5 Discussion of Three Variants According to Linguistic Factors .........................................97 4.5.1 Phonemic Context as a Linguistic Factor ......................................................................98 4.5.2 Syllable Position as a Linguistic Factor ........................................................................99 4.6 Variant Distribution in Lafourche and Vermilion .............................................................101 v 4.7 Affrication of ‘Cadien’ as a Lexical Item ........................................................................105 CHAPTER 5. VARIATION IN AVOYELLES AND ST. LANDRY .......................................108 5.1 Variant Distribution in Avoyelles and St. Landry ............................................................109 5.2 Quantitative Analysis of the Occlusive ............................................................................110 5.3 Quantitative Analysis of Assibilation ...............................................................................113 5.4 Quantitative Analysis of Affrication ................................................................................121 5.5 Discussion of Results .......................................................................................................132 CONCLUSION ...........................................................................................................................136 REFERENCES ...........................................................................................................................146 APPENDIX: EXAMPLE OF CODING SHEET ........................................................................155 VITA ...........................................................................................................................................156 vi LIST OF TABLES 2.1 Distribution of three variants among CF women speakers ....................................................53 2.2 Comparison of three variants between CF men and women speakers ...................................54 3.1 Examples of occlusive, assibilation, and affrication pronunciations in French .....................66 4.1 Overview of selected
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Interdental Fricatives in Cajun English
    Language Variation and Change, 10 (1998), 245-261. Printed in the U.S.A. © 1999 Cambridge University Press 0954-3945/99 $9.50 Let's tink about dat: Interdental fricatives in Cajun English SYLVIE DUBOIS Louisiana State University BARBARA M. HORVATH University of Sydney ABSTRACT The English of bilingual Cajuns living in southern Louisiana has been pejoratively depicted as an accented English; foremost among the stereotypes of Cajun English is the use of tink and dat for think and that. We present a variationist study of/9/ and /d/ in the speech of bilingual Cajuns in St. Landry Parish. The results show a complex interrelationship of age, gender, and social network. One of the major findings is a v-shaped age pattern rather than the regular generational model that is expected. The older generation use more of the dental variants [t,d] than all others, the middle-aged dramatically decrease their use, but the young show a level of usage closer to the old generation. The change is attributed to both language attri- tion and the blossoming of the Cajun cultural renaissance. Interestingly, neither young men in open networks nor women of all ages in open networks follow the v-shaped age pattern. In addition, they show opposite directions of change: men in open networks lead the change to [d], whereas women in open networks drop the dental variants of [t,d] almost entirely. The variety of English spoken by people of Acadian descent (called Cajuns) in southern Louisiana has been the subject of pejorative comment for a long time.
    [Show full text]
  • Phonological Domains Within Blackfoot Towards a Family-Wide Comparison
    Phonological domains within Blackfoot Towards a family-wide comparison Natalie Weber 52nd algonquian conference yale university October 23, 2020 Outline 1. Background 2. Two phonological domains in Blackfoot verbs 3. Preverbs are not a separate phonological domain 4. Parametric variation 2 / 59 Background 3 / 59 Consonant inventory Labial Coronal Dorsal Glottal Stops p pː t tː k kː ʔ <’> Assibilants ts tːs ks Pre-assibilants ˢt ˢtː Fricatives s sː x <h> Nasals m mː n nː Glides w j <y> (w) Long consonants written with doubled letters. (Derrick and Weber n.d.; Weber 2020) 4 / 59 Predictable mid vowels? (Frantz 2017) Many [ɛː] and [ɔː] arise from coalescence across boundaries ◦ /a+i/ ! [ɛː] ◦ /a+o/ ! [ɔː] Vowel inventory front central back high i iː o oː mid ɛː <ai> ɔː <ao> low a aː (Derrick and Weber n.d.; Weber 2020) 5 / 59 Vowel inventory front central back high i iː o oː mid ɛː <ai> ɔː <ao> low a aː Predictable mid vowels? (Frantz 2017) Many [ɛː] and [ɔː] arise from coalescence across boundaries ◦ /a+i/ ! [ɛː] ◦ ! /a+o/ [ɔː] (Derrick and Weber n.d.; Weber 2020) 5 / 59 Contrastive mid vowels Some [ɛː] and [ɔː] are morpheme-internal, in overlapping environments with other long vowels JɔːníːtK JaːníːtK aoníít aaníít [ao–n/i–i]–t–Ø [aan–ii]–t–Ø [hole–by.needle/ti–ti1]–2sg.imp–imp [say–ai]–2sg.imp–imp ‘pierce it!’ ‘say (s.t.)!’ (Weber 2020) 6 / 59 Syntax within the stem Intransitive (bi-morphemic) vs. syntactically transitive (trimorphemic). Transitive V is object agreement (Quinn 2006; Rhodes 1994) p [ root –v0 –V0 ] Stem type Gloss ikinn –ssi AI ‘he is warm’ ikinn –ii II ‘it is warm’ itap –ip/i –thm TA ‘take him there’ itap –ip/ht –oo TI ‘take it there’ itap –ip/ht –aki AI(+O) ‘take (s.t.) there’ (Déchaine and Weber 2015, 2018; Weber 2020) 7 / 59 Syntax within the verbal complex Template p [ person–(preverb)*– [ –(med)–v–V ] –I0–C0 ] CP vP root vP CP ◦ Minimal verbal complex: stem plus suffixes (I0,C0).
    [Show full text]
  • Acadiens and Cajuns.Indb
    canadiana oenipontana 9 Ursula Mathis-Moser, Günter Bischof (dirs.) Acadians and Cajuns. The Politics and Culture of French Minorities in North America Acadiens et Cajuns. Politique et culture de minorités francophones en Amérique du Nord innsbruck university press SERIES canadiana oenipontana 9 iup • innsbruck university press © innsbruck university press, 2009 Universität Innsbruck, Vizerektorat für Forschung 1. Auflage Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Umschlag: Gregor Sailer Umschlagmotiv: Herménégilde Chiasson, “Evangeline Beach, an American Tragedy, peinture no. 3“ Satz: Palli & Palli OEG, Innsbruck Produktion: Fred Steiner, Rinn www.uibk.ac.at/iup ISBN 978-3-902571-93-9 Ursula Mathis-Moser, Günter Bischof (dirs.) Acadians and Cajuns. The Politics and Culture of French Minorities in North America Acadiens et Cajuns. Politique et culture de minorités francophones en Amérique du Nord Contents — Table des matières Introduction Avant-propos ....................................................................................................... 7 Ursula Mathis-Moser – Günter Bischof des matières Table — By Way of an Introduction En guise d’introduction ................................................................................... 23 Contents Herménégilde Chiasson Beatitudes – BéatitudeS ................................................................................................. 23 Maurice Basque, Université de Moncton Acadiens, Cadiens et Cajuns: identités communes ou distinctes? ............................ 27 History and Politics Histoire
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Morphology in Generative Phonology, Autosegmental Phonology and Prosodic Morphology
    Chapter 20: The role of morphology in Generative Phonology, Autosegmental Phonology and Prosodic Morphology 1 Introduction The role of morphology in the rule-based phonology of the 1970’s and 1980’s, from classic GENERATIVE PHONOLOGY (Chomsky and Halle 1968) through AUTOSEGMENTAL PHONOLOGY (e.g., Goldsmith 1976) and PROSODIC MORPHOLOGY (e.g., McCarthy & Prince 1999, Steriade 1988), is that it produces the inputs on which phonology operates. Classic Generative, Autosegmental, and Prosodic Morphology approaches to phonology differ in the nature of the phonological rules and representations they posit, but converge in one key assumption: all implicitly or explicitly assume an item-based morphological approach to word formation, in which root and affix morphemes exist as lexical entries with underlying phonological representations. The morphological component of grammar selects the morphemes whose underlying phonological representations constitute the inputs on which phonological rules operate. On this view of morphology, the phonologist is assigned the task of identifying a set of general rules for a given language that operate correctly on the inputs provided by the morphology of that language to produce grammatical outputs. This assignment is challenging for a variety of reasons, sketched below; as a group, these reasons helped prompt the evolution from classic Generative Phonology to its Autosegmental and Prosodic descendants, and have since led to even more dramatic modifications in the way that morphology and phonology interact (see Chapter XXX). First, not all phonological rules apply uniformly across all morphological contexts. For example, Turkish palatal vowel harmony requires suffix vowels to agree with the preceding stem vowels (paşa ‘pasha’, paşa-lar ‘pasha-PL’; meze ‘appetizer’, meze-ler ‘appetizer-PL’) but does not apply within roots (elma ‘apple’, anne ‘mother’).
    [Show full text]
  • Assibilation Or Analogy?: Reconsideration of Korean Noun Stem-Endings*
    Assibilation or analogy?: Reconsideration of Korean noun stem-endings* Ponghyung Lee (Daejeon University) This paper discusses two approaches to the nominal stem-endings in Korean inflection including loanwords: one is the assibilation approach, represented by H. Kim (2001) and the other is the analogy approach, represented by Albright (2002 et sequel) and Y. Kang (2003b). I contend that the assibilation approach is deficient in handling its underapplication to the non-nominal categories such as verb. More specifically, the assibilation approach is unable to clearly explain why spirantization (s-assibilation) applies neither to derivative nouns nor to non-nominal items in its entirety. By contrast, the analogy approach is able to overcome difficulties involved with the assibilation position. What is crucial to the analogy approach is that the nominal bases end with t rather than s. Evidence of t-ending bases is garnered from the base selection criteria, disparities between t-ending and s-ending inputs in loanwords. Unconventionally, I dare to contend that normative rules via orthography intervene as part of paradigm extension, alongside semantic conditioning and token/type frequency. Keywords: inflection, assibilation, analogy, base, affrication, spirantization, paradigm extension, orthography, token/type frequency 1. Introduction When it comes to Korean nominal inflection, two observations have captivated our attention. First, multiple-paradigms arise, as explored in previous literature (K. Ko 1989, Kenstowicz 1996, Y. Kang 2003b, Albright 2008 and many others).1 (1) Multiple-paradigms of /pʰatʰ/ ‘red bean’ unmarked nom2 acc dat/loc a. pʰat pʰaʧʰ-i pʰatʰ-ɨl pʰatʰ-e b. pʰat pʰaʧʰ-i pʰaʧʰ-ɨl pʰatʰ-e c.
    [Show full text]
  • Acoustic Analysis of High Vowels in the Louisiana French of Terrebonne Parish
    Acoustic analysis of high vowels in the Louisiana French of Terrebonne Parish Kelly Kasper-Cushmana∗ and Daniel Dakotaa a Department of Linguistics, Indiana University, 1020 E Kirkwood Ave, Bloomington, IN 47405, U.S.A. Abstract This study investigates high vowel laxing in the Louisiana French of the Lafourche Basin. Unlike Canadian French, in which the high vowels /i, y, u/ are traditionally described as undergoing laxing (to [I, Y, U]) in word-final syllables closed by any consonant other than a voiced fricative (see Poliquin 2006), Oukada (1977) states that in the Louisiana French of Lafourche Parish, any coda consonant will trigger high vowel laxing of /i/; he excludes both /y/ and /u/ from his discussion of high vowel laxing. The current study analyzes tokens of /i, y, u/ from pre-recorded interviews with three older male speakers from Terrebonne Parish. We measured the first and second formants and duration for high vowel tokens produced in four phonetic environments, crossing syllable type (open vs. closed) by consonant type (voiced fricative vs. any consonant other than a voiced fricative). Results of the acoustic analysis show optional laxing for /i/ and /y/ and corroborate the finding that high vowels undergo laxing in word-final closed syllables, regardless of consonant type. Data for /u/ show that the results vary widely by speaker, with the dominant pattern (shown by two out of three speakers) that of lowering and backing in the vowel space of closed syllable tokens. Duration data prove inconclusive, likely due to the effects of stress. The formant data published here constitute the first acoustic description of high vowels for any variety of Louisiana French and lay the groundwork for future study on these endangered varieties.
    [Show full text]
  • The Survival of French Culture in South Louisiana by Barry Jean Ancelet
    The Survival of French Culture in South Louisiana by Barry Jean Ancelet "What's your name? Where're you from? Who's your daddy?" When Barry j ean Ancelet - a native of Louisiana you first meet someone from south Louisiana, these are the questions where he grew up with French as his first language- received his Master 's Degree in you will probably hear. And you have to answer them before you can f olklore from Indiana University and his get along about your business. They are not rhetorical questions but doctorate in Creole Studies at the Universite quite serious ones designed to elicit information which helps to place de Provence. He is currently Director of Folklore Programs, Center for Louisiana you in the world of the Cajuns and Creoles. If you are from the inside, Studies, University of So uthwestern they want to know where you fit; if from the outside, they want to Louisiana. know how you got in and why. Such concerns could be thought of as xenophobic, but they are not. Rather they are simply part of a ritual to establish relationships - one which is used by a people whose history of tragedy and turmoil has taught them to be careful. Such questions function as boots for a people used to high water. Young and old perform during Cajun Mardi The French founded Louisiana in 1699. At first there were just a few Gras at Fred's Lounge in Mamou, Louisiana. forts perched precariously along the rivers of the frontier. Eventually, Photo by Philip Gould 47 however, there developed a society of French colonials.
    [Show full text]
  • Palatals in Spanish and French: an Analysis Rachael Gray
    Florida State University Libraries Honors Theses The Division of Undergraduate Studies 2012 Palatals in Spanish and French: An Analysis Rachael Gray Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] Abstract (Palatal, Spanish, French) This thesis deals with palatals from Latin into Spanish and French. Specifically, it focuses on the diachronic history of each language with a focus on palatals. I also look at studies that have been conducted concerning palatals, and present a synchronic analysis of palatals in modern day Spanish and French. The final section of this paper focuses on my research design in second language acquisition of palatals for native French speakers learning Spanish. 2 THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES PALATALS IN SPANISH AND FRENCH: AN ANALYSIS BY: RACHAEL GRAY A Thesis submitted to the Department of Modern Languages in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with Honors in the Major Degree Awarded: 3 Spring, 2012 The members of the Defense Committee approve the thesis of Rachael Gray defended on March 21, 2012 _____________________________________ Professor Carolina Gonzaléz Thesis Director _______________________________________ Professor Gretchen Sunderman Committee Member _______________________________________ Professor Eric Coleman Outside Committee Member 4 Contents Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... 5 0.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter XIII: After the French Invasion
    Chapter XIII: After the French Invasion • Introduction • 1066 Battle of Hastings (William the Conqueror) • The Norman Invasion established French as the language of England. • The Normans were originally Vikings (Norman= North + Man) • William established himself as King William I. • Redistributed the lands among his supporters. Ling 110 Chapter XIII: After the 1 French Partition Introduction • Consequently, Norman French became the prestige language in England (government, justice, & education). • English was spoken by only second class citizens. • This social situation had significant consequences for the English language- penetrated the lexicon and the grammar. • English lost the inflectional morphology characteristic of the Germanic languages. • The word order of English came to resemble French word order more than Germanic. Ling 110 Chapter XIII: After the 2 French Partition Introduction con’t • Social stratification can be observed when comparing native words and French borrowings from the same semantic domain. Example: • English French • pig pork • chicken poultry • cow beef • sheep mutton • calf veal The animal is English; the food is French. Illustrating who was tending the animals and who was eating them. Ling 110 Chapter XIII: After the 3 French Partition Introduction con’t • English has borrowed continuously from Latin. • Beginning in the Middle English period, from French. • This pattern of borrowing establishes the opportunity for English to borrow the same word at different points in its history. • Example: English borrowed humility from Latin. The word developed in French and was borrowed again into English as humble. • Two changes have occurred: – The i of humil has been deleted. – A b has been inserted between m and l.
    [Show full text]
  • The French Language in Louisiana Law and Legal Education: a Requiem, 57 La
    Louisiana Law Review Volume 57 | Number 4 Summer 1997 The rF ench Language in Louisiana Law and Legal Education: A Requiem Roger K. Ward Repository Citation Roger K. Ward, The French Language in Louisiana Law and Legal Education: A Requiem, 57 La. L. Rev. (1997) Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.lsu.edu/lalrev/vol57/iss4/7 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Reviews and Journals at LSU Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Louisiana Law Review by an authorized editor of LSU Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COMMENT The French Language in Louisiana Law and Legal Education: A Requiem* I. INTRODUCTION Anyone familiar with the celebrated works of the sixteenth century French satirist Frangois Rabelais is sure to remember the protagonist Pantagruel's encounter with the Limousin scholar outside the gates of Orldans.1 During his peregrinations, the errant Pantagruel happens upon the Limousin student who, in response to a simple inquiry, employs a gallicized form of Latin in order to show off how much he has learned at the university.? The melange of French and Latin is virtually incomprehensible to Pantagruel, prompting him to exclaim, "What the devil kind of language is this?"' 3 Determined to understand the student, Pantagruel launches into a series of straightforward and easily answerable questions. The Limousin scholar, however, responds to each question using the same unintelligi- ble, bastardized form of Latin." The pretentious use of pseudo-Latin in lieu of the French vernacular infuriates Pantagruel and causes him to physically assault the student.
    [Show full text]
  • LCV List by Title.Xlsx
    AUTHOR TITLE DESCRIPTION ISSUE YEAR PG Lambousy, Greg 100 Years of Interpreting Louisiana The Louisiana State Museum celebrates its centennial Fall 2006 8 A preview of an exhibition at the Louisiana State Museum 1815 Overtures upon the bicentennial of the Battle of New Orleans in 2015 Winter 2012 48 LEH 1993 Media Catalog A Guide to LA video documentaries Winter 1992 45 LEH 1996 Media Catalog A guide to LA video documentaries Winter 1995 57 2000 - 2001 LEH Media Catalog A comprehensive annotated listing of all LEH-funded films Spring 2000 79 Contains details on how to apply for humanities project, 2002-2003 Media Catalog Newview Orleansfilms, etc. photographer Syndey Byrd is honored as the Spring 2002 80 second recipient of the Michael P. Smith Award for Byrd, Syndey 2010 Humanities Photographer of the Year: Syndey Byrd PhotoDocumentary essay of Photography Katrina-related devastation and advance Spring 2010 26 notice of a forthcoming exhibit at the Louisiana State Young, Donn 40 Days and 40 Nights Archives Spring 2008 66 A "beautiful banner" reflects the history of pre-Civil War New A Civil War-era banner purchased on eBay ultimately finds Smith, Arthur Orleans a home at the Louisiana State Museum Spring 2011 76 LEH offers educators chance for lifelong learning via Upshaw, Martha Burns A Beacon of Learning: Summer Teacher Institutes Summer Teachers Institute Fall 1998 88 Kemp, John R. A Brush Most Modern The life and work of N.O. modernist painter Paul Ninas Summer 2000 12 N.O. artist Phil Sandusky documents the ravages of Kemp, John R.
    [Show full text]
  • Proquest Dissertations
    University of Alberta L'Acadie communautaire: The Inclusion and Exclusion of New Brunswick Francophones by Christina Lynn Keppie © A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Modern Languages and Cultural Studies Edmonton, Alberta Fall 2008 Library and Bibliotheque et 1*1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-46343-7 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-46343-7 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par Plntemet, prefer, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non­ sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation.
    [Show full text]