DOCSLIB.ORG

Scheme of General Classification in the Phylum Chordata Paul R

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Scheme of General Classification in the Phylum Chordata Paul R Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 9 Article 6 1956 Scheme of General Classification in the Phylum Chordata Paul R. Harding Hendrix College Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas Part of the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Harding, Paul R. (1956) "Scheme of General Classification in the Phylum Chordata," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 9 , Article 6. Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol9/iss1/6 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 9 [1956], Art. 6 A SCHEME OF GENERAL CLASSIFICATION IN THE PHYLUM CHORDATA Paul R. Harding, Jr. Hendrix College Phylum, Chordata Subphylum, Hemichordata Balanoglossus, Sacco- glossus (Dolichoglossus ) Subphylura, Protochordata Class, Cephalochordata Branchiostoma (Am- phioxus) Class, Urochordata (Tunicata) Order, Ascidiacea sea squirts Order, Thaliacea salpians Order, Larvacea larvacians Subphylum, Vertebrata (Craniata) Branch, Agnatha (Monorhina) with single nos- tril and circular mouth without jaws Class, Ostracodermi armored fishes ; ex- tinct Orders: Osteostraci, Heterostraci, An- aspida Class, Cyclostomata Unarraored, eel-like Order, Myxinoidea hagfishes Order, Petromyzontia lampreys Branch, Gnathostomata (Amphirhina) two nos- trils and with jaws Grade, Pisces fishlike gnathostomes Class, Placodermi (Aphetohyoidea) ar- mored fishes; extinct Orders: Arthrodira, Acanthodii, An- tiarchi , Petalichthyida, Rhenanida, Palaeospondylia Class, Chondrichthyes ( Elasmobranchii) Cartilaginous fishes with gill septa (separate gill clefts) Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1956 20 20 Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 9 [1956], Art. 6 THE PHYLUM CHORDATA Order, Cladoselachii Cladoselache; extinct Order, Pleuracanthodii Pleuracan- thus, extinct Order, Selachii Suborder, Squali sharks Suborder, Raji (Batoidea) skates, rays, sawfish, guitar fish Order, Bradyodonti Ancestral to Ho- locephali. Extinct. Coch- liodus; Psammodus Order, Holocephali chimeras Class, Osteichthyes bony fishes with- out separate gill clefts Subclass, Choanichthyes primitive bony fishes; nostrils con- nected to mouth cavity Order, Crossopterygii lobe-finned fishes; ancestral to Tetra- poda Suborder, Actinistia Family, Coelacanthidae Latimeria chalumnae (193B, 1952, 1953, 1954) Suborder, Rhipidistia Families: Osteolepidae, Rhi- zodontidae, Urostheneidae, Holoptychiidae, Tarrasi- idae Order, Dipnoi (Dipneusti) Lung- fishes proper Subclass, Actinopterygii (Teleostomi) ray-finned fishes; nos- trils not connected to mouth cavity Superorders: Chondrostei, Holo- stei, Teleostei Grade, Tetrapoda http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol9/iss1/6 21 21 I Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 9 [1956], Art. 6 ARKANSAS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE Subgrade, Anamniota without extraem- bryonic membranes Class, Amphibia Subclass, Stegocephalia skull and cheeks roofed with bony plates Order, Labyrinthodontia teeth with abundantly infolded dentine in the pulp cavityj body armored with scales or plates; extinct Order, Gymnophiona (Apoda)-- Caecilians Subclass, Caudata (Urodela) sal- amanders and newts Subclass, Salientia (Anura) frogs and toads Subgrade, Araniota with extraembryonic membranes Class, Reptilia Order, Squamata Suborder, Lacertilia (Sauria) lizards Suborder, Ophidia (Serpentes) snakes Order, Rhynchocephalia Spheno- don, unampsosaurusChamps osaurus Order, Testudinatainata (Chelonia)--(Chelon tortoises, terrapins, tur- tles Order, Crocodilia (Loricata) — crocodiles, alligators, gavials, caimans Order, Cotylosauria Primitive extinct reptiles, closely resembling the most primi- tive amphibians (Labyrin- thodontia) and of great phylogenetic importance as Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1956 22 22 Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 9 [1956], Art. 6 THE PHYLUM CHORDATA links with them. Example: Seymouria . Order, Mosasauria Extinct large aquatic reptiles with long snake-like scaly bodies, a crocodile-like head, strong recurved teeth, and two pairs of flippers in place of legs. Examples: Mosa- saurus , Clidastes, Tylo- saurus, etc. Order, Ichthyosauria —Extinct fish- like reptiles with long tapering rostrum. Exam- ples : Ichthyosaurus, Sten- opterygius . Order, Plesiosauria Extinct long- necked aquatic reptiles with flippers in place of legs. Example: ELasmosau- rus. Order, Pterosauria Extinct flying reptiles, pterodactyls . Examples: Pteranodon,Hham- phorhynchus. Order, Thecodontia (Phytosauria) Extinct crocodile-like reptiles with long narrow jaws, and nostrils close in front of the eyes rather than on the end of the snout. Examples: Belodon , Hystriosuchus . Order, Pelycosauria Fin -back lizards; extinct. Exam- pies: Dimetrodon, Eda- phosaurus. Ophiacodonti- dae (example: Ophiacodon) ancestral to mammals. 23 http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol9/iss1/6 23 1 Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 9 [1956], Art. 6 ARKANSAS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE Order, Dinosauria Extinct gen- eralized bird-like and li- zard-like forms; contains ttie largest, most grotesque and most variable reptiles. Suborder, Ornithischia With bird -like pelvis; bird- beaked, duck-billed, bird- footed, seme ostrich-like, etc. Examples: Ornithom- imus and Struthiomimus , ostrich- like; Trachodon , duck -bUlsd dinosaur; £qry- thosaurus, hooded duck-bill dinosaur; Stegosaurug, two rows of vertical plates on back, brain exceptionally- small, spinal cord vdth brachial and sacral en- largements ; Trlceratops , head with three horns and the skull extended like a shield over the back and shoulde rs ; Ankylosaurus , armored . Suborder, -Saurischia VJ±fcli li- zard like pelvis. Exam- ples : Tyrannosaurus, Brcn- tosaurus, Brachiosaurus , Diplodocus, Comosognathus . Order, Therapsida Extinct mammal- like reptiles. Example: Cynognathus . Evolved fro:n order Pelycosauria, but not ancestral to mammals. Class, Aves birds Subclass, Archaeornithes "Ancient birds" showing reptilian ancestry; extinct. Exam- Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1956 24 24 Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 9 [1956], Art. 6 THE PHYLUM CHORDATA pies: Archaeornis , Ar- chaeopteryx. Subclass, Neornithes "New birds" Superorder, Odontormae Ich- thyornis; extinct. Toothed; good flyer. Superorder, Odontolcae Hes- perornis; extinct. Also with true teeth in sockets; a flightless (wingof hum- erus only) diver. Superorder, Ratitae Cursorial flightless birds with un- keeled sternum. Examples: ostrich, rhea, emu, casso- wary, kiwi, elephant bird, moa. Superorder, Carinatae Adapted for flight, sternum keeled. Great majority of modern birds. Class, Mammalia Subclass, Prototheria egg-laying mammals . Order, Monotremata duckbill and spiny anteater. Order, Multituberculata an extinct group of doubtful position. Subclass, Theria viviparous mam- mals. Infraclass, Metatheria (Didel- phia) —viviparous mammals usually without allantoic placenta. Order, Marsupialia pouched mammals. Opossum, kanga- roo, wombat, wallaby, fly- ing phalange r, koala, mar- http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol9/iss1/6 25 25 ¦ Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 9 [1956], Art. 6 ARKANSAS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE supial mole, bandicoot, marsupial mouse, Tasmanian wolf, Tasmanian devil, ti- ger cat, etc. Extinct orders of doubtful position: ffcntotheria (also called Trituberculata probably ancestral to la- ter types of mammals). Triconodonta, Symmetrodon- ta. Infraclass, Eutheria (Monodel- fhia) viviparous mammals with allantoic placenta. Superorder, Unguiculata clawed mammals . Sloths, pangolin or scaly anteater, hairy anteater, rabbi ts , armadillos, aardvark, ro- dents, bats, carnivores, insect ivores, sealions, seals, walruses, etc. Superorder, Primates mam- mals with nails Order, Lemuroidea le- murs . Ruff e d lemur, mouse lemur, tiee shrews, slowloris, aye-aye (Chi- romys ), etc. Order, Tarsioidea tar- siers Order, Anthropoidea an- thropoids. Men, apes, monkeys . Superorder, Ungulata —hoofed mammals. Order, Condylarthra — condylarths; extinct Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1956 26 26 Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 9 [1956], Art. 6 THE PHYLUM CHORDATA Order, Dinocerata Uin- tatheres; extinct Order, Sirenia dugongs and manatees. Large fishlike forms believed to have an ungulate or- igin. Order, Peris sodactyla foot withan odd number of toes, each usually sheathed in a cornified hoof. Asses, zebras, horses, tapirs, rhinoc- eroses, titanotheres, chalicotheros . Order, Artiodactyla foot with even number of toes, each usually- sheathed ina cornified hoof. Pigs, hippopot- amuses, and such rumi- nants as camels, chev- rotians (mouse deer), deer, elk, moose, an- telope, giraffes, cat- tle, bison, ox, water buffalo, cape buffalo, sheep, goats, musk ox, llama, etc. Order, Proboscidea —num- ber of toes odd or even, each with small nail- like hoof, nose and up- per lip combined into along muscular probos- cis. Elephants, masto- dons, mammoths. Order, Hyracoidea
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Constraints on the Timescale of Animal Evolutionary History
    Palaeontologia Electronica palaeo-electronica.org Constraints on the timescale of animal evolutionary history Michael J. Benton, Philip C.J. Donoghue, Robert J. Asher, Matt Friedman, Thomas J. Near, and Jakob Vinther ABSTRACT Dating the tree of life is a core endeavor in evolutionary biology. Rates of evolution are fundamental to nearly every evolutionary model and process. Rates need dates. There is much debate on the most appropriate and reasonable ways in which to date the tree of life, and recent work has highlighted some confusions and complexities that can be avoided. Whether phylogenetic trees are dated after they have been estab- lished, or as part of the process of tree finding, practitioners need to know which cali- brations to use. We emphasize the importance of identifying crown (not stem) fossils, levels of confidence in their attribution to the crown, current chronostratigraphic preci- sion, the primacy of the host geological formation and asymmetric confidence intervals. Here we present calibrations for 88 key nodes across the phylogeny of animals, rang- ing from the root of Metazoa to the last common ancestor of Homo sapiens. Close attention to detail is constantly required: for example, the classic bird-mammal date (base of crown Amniota) has often been given as 310-315 Ma; the 2014 international time scale indicates a minimum age of 318 Ma. Michael J. Benton. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, U.K. [email protected] Philip C.J. Donoghue. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, U.K. [email protected] Robert J.
    [Show full text]
  • APPENDIX 1 Classified List of Fishes Mentioned in the Text, with Scientific and Common Names
    APPENDIX 1 Classified list of fishes mentioned in the text, with scientific and common names. ___________________________________________________________ Scientific names and classification are from Nelson (1994). Families are listed in the same order as in Nelson (1994), with species names following in alphabetical order. The common names of British fishes mostly follow Wheeler (1978). Common names of foreign fishes are taken from Froese & Pauly (2002). Species in square brackets are referred to in the text but are not found in British waters. Fishes restricted to fresh water are shown in bold type. Fishes ranging from fresh water through brackish water to the sea are underlined; this category includes diadromous fishes that regularly migrate between marine and freshwater environments, spawning either in the sea (catadromous fishes) or in fresh water (anadromous fishes). Not indicated are marine or freshwater fishes that occasionally venture into brackish water. Superclass Agnatha (jawless fishes) Class Myxini (hagfishes)1 Order Myxiniformes Family Myxinidae Myxine glutinosa, hagfish Class Cephalaspidomorphi (lampreys)1 Order Petromyzontiformes Family Petromyzontidae [Ichthyomyzon bdellium, Ohio lamprey] Lampetra fluviatilis, lampern, river lamprey Lampetra planeri, brook lamprey [Lampetra tridentata, Pacific lamprey] Lethenteron camtschaticum, Arctic lamprey] [Lethenteron zanandreai, Po brook lamprey] Petromyzon marinus, lamprey Superclass Gnathostomata (fishes with jaws) Grade Chondrichthiomorphi Class Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous
    [Show full text]
  • Exceptional Vertebrate Biotas from the Triassic of China, and the Expansion of Marine Ecosystems After the Permo-Triassic Mass Extinction
    Earth-Science Reviews 125 (2013) 199–243 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Earth-Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/earscirev Exceptional vertebrate biotas from the Triassic of China, and the expansion of marine ecosystems after the Permo-Triassic mass extinction Michael J. Benton a,⁎, Qiyue Zhang b, Shixue Hu b, Zhong-Qiang Chen c, Wen Wen b, Jun Liu b, Jinyuan Huang b, Changyong Zhou b, Tao Xie b, Jinnan Tong c, Brian Choo d a School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK b Chengdu Center of China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610081, China c State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China d Key Laboratory of Evolutionary Systematics of Vertebrates, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China article info abstract Article history: The Triassic was a time of turmoil, as life recovered from the most devastating of all mass extinctions, the Received 11 February 2013 Permo-Triassic event 252 million years ago. The Triassic marine rock succession of southwest China provides Accepted 31 May 2013 unique documentation of the recovery of marine life through a series of well dated, exceptionally preserved Available online 20 June 2013 fossil assemblages in the Daye, Guanling, Zhuganpo, and Xiaowa formations. New work shows the richness of the faunas of fishes and reptiles, and that recovery of vertebrate faunas was delayed by harsh environmental Keywords: conditions and then occurred rapidly in the Anisian. The key faunas of fishes and reptiles come from a limited Triassic Recovery area in eastern Yunnan and western Guizhou provinces, and these may be dated relative to shared strati- Reptile graphic units, and their palaeoenvironments reconstructed.
    [Show full text]
  • Class SARCOPTERYGII Order COELACANTHIFORMES
    click for previous page Coelacanthiformes: Latimeriidae 3969 Class SARCOPTERYGII Order COELACANTHIFORMES LATIMERIIDAE (= Coelacanthidae) Coelacanths by S.L. Jewett A single species occurring in the area. Latimeria menadoensis Pouyaud, Wirjoatmodjo, Rachmatika, Tjakrawidjaja, Hadiaty, and Hadie, 1999 Frequent synonyms / misidentifications: None / Nearly identical in appearance to Latimeria chalumnae Smith, 1939 from the western Indian Ocean. FAO names: En - Sulawesi coelacanth. Diagnostic characters: A large robust fish. Caudal-peduncle depth nearly equal to body depth. Head robust, with large eye, terminal mouth, and large soft gill flap extending posteriorly from opercular bone. Dorsal surface of snout with pits and reticulations comprising part of sensory system. Three large, widely spaced pores on each side of snout, 1 near tip of snout and 2 just anterior to eye, connecting internally to rostral organ. Anterior nostrils form small papillae located at dorsolateral margin of mouth, at anterior end of pseudomaxillary fold (thick, muscularized skin which replaces the maxilla in coelacanths). Ventral side of head with prominent paired gular plates, longitudinally oriented along midline; skull dorsally with pronounced paired bony plates, just above and behind eyes, the posterior margins of which mark exterior manifestation of intracranial joint (or hinge) that divides braincase into anterior and posterior portions (found only in coelacanths). First dorsal fin typical, with 8 stout bony rays. Second dorsal (28 rays), anal (30), paired pectoral (each 30 to 33), and paired pelvic (each 33) fins lobed, i.e. each with a fleshy base, internally supported by an endoskeleton with which terminal fin rays articulate. Caudal fin atypical, consisting of 3 parts: upper and lower portions with numerous rays more or less symmetrically arranged along dorsal and ventral midlines, and a separate smaller terminal portion (sometimes called epicaudal fin) with symmetrically arranged rays.
    [Show full text]
  • New Information on the Evolution of the Bradyodont Chondrichthyes the Lf
    UBUVERSt' 3? KJUN01S i H UWNA-CHAMPAICN L30LOGY «H CD FIELDIANA Geology Published by Field Museum of Natural History Volume 33, No. 28 July 29, 1977 This volume is dedicated to Dr. Rainer Zangerl New Information on the Evolution of the Bradyodont Chondrichthyes The Lf Richard Lund 1H7C Department of Biology IYIhK 1 4 1^1 C Adelphi University University oj Illinois INTRODUCTION * UrbanaCham ^» Among the taxa of Chondrichthyans from the upper Mississip- pian Bear Gulch Limestone of Montana (Lund, 1974; Lund and Zangerl, 1974) are holomorphs of four petalodonts, two cochlio- donts, and a chimaeroid. These forms have all been included by vari- ous authors within the Holocephali, or Bradyodonti, usually ranked as a subclass within the Chondrichthyes (Arambourg and Bertin, 1958; Obruchev, 1967). Holomorphs of bradyodont fish are ex- tremely rare (Patterson, 1965) and considerable controversy sur- rounds the inter-relationships of the Bradyodonti and the phyletic position of the group (Patterson, 1968; Bendix-Almgreen, 1968; 1970). This paper attempts to relate some new information to the evolution of the Bradyodont chondrichthyes. CLASS CHONDRICHTHYES: The Chondrichthyes are char- acterized by a cartilaginous endoskeleton which may be superfi- cially calcified; an exoskeleton composed of cyclomorial, synchro- nomorial, or lepidomorial scales which may be lost, modified as cephalic spines, or fused into plates; gill chambers covered by an opercular fold or opening separately to the outside; the absence of an air bladder or lung; otoconia, not compact otoliths in the inner ear which remains open to the outside through endolymphatic ducts. Internal fertilization with copulation is present, males have claspers developed as extensions of the axis of pelvic fins.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy and Classification Goals: Un Ders Tan D Traditi Onal and Hi Erarchi Cal Cl Assifi Cati Ons of Biodiversity, and What Information Classifications May Contain
    Taxonomy and classification Goals: Un ders tan d tra ditional and hi erarchi cal cl assifi cati ons of biodiversity, and what information classifications may contain. Readings: 1. Chapter 1. Figure 1-1 from Pough et al. Taxonomy and classification (cont ’d) Some new words This is a cladogram. Each branching that are very poiiint is a nod dEhbhe. Each branch, starti ng important: at the node, is a clade. 9 Cladogram 9 Clade 9 Synapomorphy (Shared, derived character) 9 Monophyly; monophyletic 9 PhlParaphyly; parap hlihyletic 9 Polyphyly; polyphyletic Definitions of cladogram on the Web: A dichotomous phylogenetic tree that branches repeatedly, suggesting the classification of molecules or org anisms based on the time sequence in which evolutionary branches arise. xray.bmc.uu.se/~kenth/bioinfo/glossary.html A tree that depicts inferred historical branching relationships among entities. Unless otherwise stated, the depicted branch lengt hs in a cl ad ogram are arbi trary; onl y th e b ranchi ng ord er is significant. See phylogram. www.bcu.ubc.ca/~otto/EvolDisc/Glossary.html TAKE-HOME MESSAGE: Cladograms tell us about the his tory of the re lati onshi ps of organi sms. K ey word : Hi st ory. Historically, classification of organisms was mainlyypg a bookkeeping task. For this monumental job, Carrolus Linnaeus invented the s ystem of binomial nomenclature that we are all familiar with. (Did you know that his name was Carol Linne? He liidhilatinized his own name th e way h e named speci i!)es!) Merely giving species names and arranging them according to similar groups was acceptable while we thought species were static entities .
    [Show full text]
  • A New Lower Devonian Arthrodire (Placodermi) from the NW Siberian Platform
    Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2013, 62, 3, 131–138 doi: 10.3176/earth.2013.11 A new Lower Devonian arthrodire (Placodermi) from the NW Siberian Platform Elga Mark-Kurik Institute of Geology at Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; [email protected] Received 24 August 2012, accepted 5 November 2012 Abstract. A new genus and species of arthrodires, Eukaia elongata (Actinolepidoidei, Placodermi), is described from the Lower Devonian, ?Pragian of the Turukhansk region, NW Siberian Platform. A single specimen of the fish, a skull roof, comes probably from the lower part of the Razvedochnyj Formation. The occurrence of an actinolepidoid arthrodire in the Early Devonian of this area of Siberia is unexpected. Eukaia shows some distant relationship with the genus Actinolepis, but several features indicate similarity to representatives of other arthrodires. Key words: actinolepidoid arthrodire, placoderm, Lower Devonian, ?Pragian, NW Siberian Platform. INTRODUCTION (Fig. 1). The first two units are Lochkovian in age, the lower part of the Razvedochnyj Fm belongs to the Pragian The northwestern part of the Siberian Platform in the and the upper part of the Razvedochnyj Fm plus the lower Russian Arctic is well known for rich and amphiaspidid- part of the Mantura Fm to the Emsian (Matukhin 1995). dominated Early Devonian fish faunas. One of the The Zub Fm (up to 150 m thick) consists of carbonaceous- important areas where these faunas have been discovered argillaceous and sulphate rocks. Invertebrates and fossil is the near-Yenisej zone of the Tunguska syneclise fishes, e.g. a cyathaspidid Steinaspis, are comparatively (Krylova et al.
    [Show full text]
  • New Osteichthyans (Bony Fishes) from the Devonian of Central Australia
    Mitt. Mus. Nat.kd. Berl., Geowiss. Reihe 8 (2005), 13–35 / DOI 10.1002/mmng.200410002 New osteichthyans (bony fishes) from the Devonian of Central Australia Gavin C. Young*,1 & Hans-Peter Schultze2 1 Department of Earth & Marine Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia 2 Museum fu¨ r Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universita¨t zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany Private: 2001 Vermont St., Lawrence, Kansas 66046, USA Received 30 October 2004, accepted 3 May 2005 Published online 02. 11. 2005 With 10 figures and 2 tables Key words: Osteichthyans, dipnoans, osteolepidids, onychodontids, Devonian, central Australia. Abstract Osteichthyan remains described from two localities in Central Australia (Mount Winter, Amadeus Basin, and southern Toom- ba Range, Georgina Basin) include the dipnoan Amadeodipterus kencampbelli n. gen., n. sp., the osteolepidid Muranjilepis winterensis n. gen., n. sp., and the onychodontid Luckeus abudda n. gen., n. sp., as well as indeterminate holoptychiid scales, osteolepidid scales of a new type from the Georgina Basin locality, and indeterminate onychodontid remains from both local- ities. Amadeodipterus n. gen. is a short-headed dipterid dipnoan with bones A and H enclosed into the skull roof; Muranjilepis n. gen. is a small form with short postparietal and parietoethmoidal shields, large orbits, and large pores of the sensory line system. It is closest to Thursius, and some Chinese osteolepidid material. Luckeus n. gen. is based on an onychodontid lower jaw with Meckel’s cartilage separately ossified perichondrally from the dentary and infradentary, and carrying the parasym- physial tooth whorl. Different osteichthyan taxa at the two localities indicate a difference in age and/or palaeoenvironment within the Early-Middle Devonian.
    [Show full text]
  • Alfred Romer to Hugh L
    NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ALFRED SHERWOOD ROMER 1894—1973 A Biographical Memoir by EDWIN H. COLBERT Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoir COPYRIGHT 1982 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES WASHINGTON D.C. ALFRED SHERWOOD ROMER December 28, 1894 -November 5, 1973 BY EDWIN H. COLBERT LFRED SHERWOOD ROMER was a man of many aspects: a A profound scholar whose studies of vertebrate evolution based upon the comparative anatomy of fossils established him throughout the world as an outstanding figure in his field; a gifted teacher who trained several generations of paleontologists and anatomists; an effective administrator who never allowed the burden of office to diminish his re- search activities; a lucid writer whose books and scientific papers were and are of inestimable value; and a warm per- son, loved and admired by family, friends, and colleagues. Al, as he was universally known to his friends, lived a full and rewarding life, during which he led and influenced paleon- tologists, anatomists, and evolutionists in many lands. His absence is keenly felt. A1 Romer was born in White Plains, New York on December 28, 1894, the son of a newspaper man who was editor, and sometimes owner, of several small-town news- papers in Connecticut and New York, and who later worked for the Associated Press. On the paternal side he was de- scended from Jacob Romer, an emigrant from Ziirich who settled among the Dutch residents of the Hudson River Val- ley about 1725.
    [Show full text]
  • (Sarcopterygii + Actinopterygii) Son El Grupo De Peces Más Diverso
    OSTEICHTHYES (Sarcopterygii + Actinopterygii) Son el grupo de peces más diverso, contiene aproximadamente al 97% de todas las especies de peces Osteichthyes + Acanthodii formarían un grupo llamado Teleostomi, que sería el grupo hermano de Chondrichthyes La posición filogenética de Acanthodii ha sido discutida, a veces han sido relacionados a los ostracodermos, una rama independiente situada entre condríctios y osteíctios, o ubicados como un grupo de osteíctios SUBPHYLUM CRANIATA VERTEBRATA SUPERCLASE GNATHOSTOMATA (Chondrichthyes + Osteichthyes) EUTELEOSTOMI • Radios branquiostegos presentes Climatius (teleóstomo primitivo) OSTEICHTHYES •Con escamas óseas •Cráneo con suturas marcadas •Mandíbula superior formada por maxilar y premaxilar •Aberturas nasales dobles, más o menos dorsales •Desarrollo de un aparato opercular óseo dérmico •Aletas con rayos blandos, segmentados, de origen dérmico •Con pulmón o vejiga natatoria •Presencia de dientes en el paladar ORIGEN DE LOS OSTEÍCTIOS Los fósiles de los primeros peces óseos son muy similares a los acantodios, principalmente por numerosas características del cráneo y las mandíbulas, presencia de opérculo óseo, y rayos branquiostegos Esto hace pensar que los acantodios y los osteíctios comparten un ancestro común Zhu et al (1999) propusieron a Psarolepis como uno de estos posibles ancestros, dado que poseía una inusual combinación de caracteres de osteíctios y de no- osteíctios Guiyu (Silúrico, descripto en 2009) Constituiria elejemplar más cercano al Es un sarcopterigio basal, además de ser ancestro
    [Show full text]
  • A Primitive Megalichthyid Fish (Sarcopterygii, Tetrapodomorpha)
    A primitive megalichthyid fi sh (Sarcopterygii, Tetrapodomorpha) from the Upper Devonian of Turkey and its biogeographical implications Philippe JANVIER UMR 5143 du CNRS, Département Histoire de la Terre, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, case postale 38, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) [email protected] and Department of Palaeontology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD (United Kingdom) Gaël CLÉMENT UMR 5143 du CNRS, Département Histoire de la Terre, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, case postale 38, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) [email protected] Richard CLOUTIER Département de Biologie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec, G5L 3A1 (Canada) [email protected] Janvier P., Clément G. & Cloutier R. 2007. — A primitive megalichthyid fi sh (Sarcopterygii, Tetrapodomorpha) from the Upper Devonian of Turkey and its biogeographical implications. Geodiversitas 29 (2) : 249-268. ABSTRACT KEY WORDS Sarcopterygii, Th e vertebrate fauna of the red sandstone of Pamucak-Sapan Dere Unit of Tetrapodomorpha, the Upper Antalya Nappe (Frasnian?, Turkey) is reviewed on the basis of new Megalichthyidae, “Osteolepiformes”, material. Th e association of the phyllolepid Placolepis with the arthrodire Holo- Devonian, nema in this fauna strongly suggests a Frasnian age or, at any rate, older than Turkey, the Famennian. Th e unique osteolepiform sarcopterygian of this fauna is here biogeography, new genus, described in detail and referred to Sengoerichthys ottoman n. gen., n. sp., which new species. is considered as the most generalized megalichthyid known to date. GEODIVERSITAS • 2007 • 29 (2) © Publications Scientifi ques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris.
    [Show full text]
  • Sepkoski, J.J. 1992. Compendium of Fossil Marine Animal Families
    MILWAUKEE PUBLIC MUSEUM Contributions . In BIOLOGY and GEOLOGY Number 83 March 1,1992 A Compendium of Fossil Marine Animal Families 2nd edition J. John Sepkoski, Jr. MILWAUKEE PUBLIC MUSEUM Contributions . In BIOLOGY and GEOLOGY Number 83 March 1,1992 A Compendium of Fossil Marine Animal Families 2nd edition J. John Sepkoski, Jr. Department of the Geophysical Sciences University of Chicago Chicago, Illinois 60637 Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions in Biology and Geology Rodney Watkins, Editor (Reviewer for this paper was P.M. Sheehan) This publication is priced at $25.00 and may be obtained by writing to the Museum Gift Shop, Milwaukee Public Museum, 800 West Wells Street, Milwaukee, WI 53233. Orders must also include $3.00 for shipping and handling ($4.00 for foreign destinations) and must be accompanied by money order or check drawn on U.S. bank. Money orders or checks should be made payable to the Milwaukee Public Museum. Wisconsin residents please add 5% sales tax. In addition, a diskette in ASCII format (DOS) containing the data in this publication is priced at $25.00. Diskettes should be ordered from the Geology Section, Milwaukee Public Museum, 800 West Wells Street, Milwaukee, WI 53233. Specify 3Y. inch or 5Y. inch diskette size when ordering. Checks or money orders for diskettes should be made payable to "GeologySection, Milwaukee Public Museum," and fees for shipping and handling included as stated above. Profits support the research effort of the GeologySection. ISBN 0-89326-168-8 ©1992Milwaukee Public Museum Sponsored by Milwaukee County Contents Abstract ....... 1 Introduction.. ... 2 Stratigraphic codes. 8 The Compendium 14 Actinopoda.
    [Show full text]