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Immunogenicity and Safety of a Fully Liquid Dtap-IPV-Hep B-PRP-T

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Immunogenicity and Safety of a Fully Liquid Dtap-IPV-Hep B-PRP-T ccines & a V f V a o c l c i a n n a Lanata et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2012, 3:1 r t u i o o n J Journal of Vaccines & Vaccination DOI: 10.4172/2157-7560.1000128 ISSN: 2157-7560 Research Article Open Access Immunogenicity and Safety of a Fully Liquid DTaP-IPV-Hep B-PRP-T Vaccine at 2-4-6 Months of Age in Peru Claudio Lanata1, Betzana Zambrano2, Lucie Ecker1, Isabel Amemiya1, Ana Gil1 and Eduardo Santos Lima3* 1Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru 2Sanofi Pasteur, Montevideo, Uruguay 3Clinical Development, Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France Abstract Objectives: To assess the immunogenicity and safety of a new candidate, fully liquid, hexavalent DTaP-IPV- Hep B-PRP-T vaccine (Hexaxim™, an AcXim family vaccine) compared to a licensed hexavalent DTaP-IPV-Hep B// PRP-T vaccine (Infanrix hexa®) in Peru. Methods: Infants born to HBsAg seronegative mothers and who had not received a hepatitis B vaccine prior to entry into the study were randomized to receive either Hexaxim™ (Group 1) or Infanrix hexa® (Group 2) at 2, 4, 6 months of age. Seroprotection (SP) rate for hepatitis B (anti-HBs antibody concentration ≥10 mIU/mL) was analysed for non-inferiority (Group 1 minus Group 2) 1 month post-primary series. Anti-diphtheria and anti-polyrosil ribitol phosphate (PRP) antibody responses were analysed descriptively. Safety was analysed from parental reports. Results: Seroprotection rate for anti-HBs antibody titers ≥10 mIU/mL was high in both groups (≥99.2%) and non-inferiority was demonstrated (lower bound of the 95% CI for the difference was -4.17, above the pre-defined delta [-10%]). Post-primary SP rates for anti-diphtheria (≥95.5% ≥0.01 IU/mL), anti-PRP (≥99.2% ≥0.15 µg/mL), and anti-HBs ≥100 mIU/mL (≥93.9%), were similar in each group. Both vaccines were well tolerated. The incidence of serious adverse avents was low and similar in each group, and none was considered to be vaccine related. Conclusions: In a 2, 4, 6 month schedule in Peruvian infants, the investigational DTaP-IPV-Hep B-PRP-T fully liquid vaccine provided high immunogenicity for HBs, diphtheria and PRP vaccine antigens that was comparable to the licensed hexavalent vaccine. Both vaccines had a similar safety profile. Keywords: Vaccine; Hexavalent; Pediatric; Combination; vaccine, including acP and IPV valences, aims to provide protection Immunization against six diseases that are considered by WHO to be priorities and is presented in a ready-to-use, fully liquid formulation. Introduction Being a fully liquid vaccine, Hexaxim minimizes human error ™ The investigational hexavalent vaccine (Hexaxim ) is fully associated with vaccine re-constitution, and helps to improve liquid and part of Sanofi Pasteur’s AcXim family, which includes the vaccination compliance. But more importantly, the introduction of a ® ® established tetra- and pentavalent vaccines Tetraxim /Tetravac and second hexavalent vaccine against D, T, P, IPV, hepatitis B, and Hib, ® ® Pentaxim /Pentavac . It combines a new Hansenula polymorpha- will be vital in the event of global production and supply ruptures, derived and thimerosal-free hepatitis B (Hep B) antigen [1-3] with which can arise intermittently even when established, well-monitored well-established diphtheria toxoid (D), tetanus toxoid (T), acellular and controlled processes are in place. In such instances, the availability (2-component [pertussis toxoid (PT) and filamentous hemagglutinin of a second hexavalent vaccine will mean that vaccination coverage (FHA)]) pertussis (aP), inactivated poliovirus (IPV), and Haemophilus rates could be more easily maintained globally, minimising potential influenzae type b polysaccharide conjugated to tetanus protein (PRP-T) outbreaks of these six pediatric infectious diseases. antigens to produce a new hexavalent vaccine. The IPV and PRP-T antigens are WHO pre-qualified [4] as standalone vaccines (Imovax® This clinical study was performed to document immunogenicity Polio and ActHib®, respectively). The immunogenicity and safety of and safety data in a Peruvian pediatric population following the new Hep B antigen have been described following both monovalent administration of the investigational hexavalent vaccine at 2, 4 and 6 administration to adults and adolescents [5] as well as following administration of the new hexavalent vaccine in several pediatric clinical studies in a range of ethnic populations and administration *Corresponding author: Eduardo Santos-Lima, Director, Clinical schedules [6-8]. Development, Sanofi Pasteur, 1541 avenue, Marcel Mérieux, 69280 Marcy l’Etoile, France, Tel: +33 (0) 4 37 37 58 53; Fax: + 33 (0) 4 37 37 78 88; Accepted advantages of combination vaccines include a E-mail: [email protected] reduced number of injections coupled with increased compliance to Received January 10, 2012; Accepted March 12, 2012; Published March 18, increasingly challenging pediatric vaccination schedules, leading to 2012 improved disease control with associated reduced direct and indirect Citation: Lanata C, Zambrano B, Ecker L, Amemiya I, Gil A, et al. (2012) costs [9]. The routine use of combination vaccines has been crucial in Immunogenicity and Safety of a Fully Liquid DTaP-IPV-Hep B-PRP-T Vaccine reducing the incidence of childhood diseases [9]. However, regional at 2-4-6 Months of Age in Peru. J Vaccines Vaccin 3:128. doi:10.4172/2157- disparities remain, such as the use of combination vaccines based on 7560.1000128 aP versus whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccines or the inclusion or not Copyright: © 2012 Lanata C, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under of hepatitis B and/or IPV versus the use of a standalone hepatitis B the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and vaccine and/or the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). The investigational source are credited. J Vaccines Vaccin ISSN:2157-7560 JVV an open access journal Volume 3 • Issue 1 • 1000128 Citation: Lanata C, Zambrano B, Ecker L, Amemiya I, Gil A, et al. (2012) Immunogenicity and Safety of a Fully Liquid DTaP-IPV-Hep B-PRP-T Vaccine at 2-4-6 Months of Age in Peru. J Vaccines Vaccin 3:128. doi:10.4172/2157-7560.1000128 Page 2 of 6 months of age. As the Hep B antigen is the novel component of the before injection. The needle size was 25G/16 mm. Each 0.5 mL dose investigational vaccine, the non-inferiority of Hep B seroprotection was preservative-free and contained ≥20 IU diphtheria toxoid, ≥40 (SP) compared to a licensed vaccine comparator was the primary IU tetanus toxoid, 25 µg pertussis toxoid (PT), 25 µg filamentous objective of this study, the immunogenicity of the other vaccine hemagglutinin (FHA), 40, 8 and 32 D-antigen units of IPV type 1, 2 and components having been demonstrated in previous studies with this 3, respectively, 12 µg of Hemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide [6-8] and other AcXim family vaccines that include some of the same conjugated to tetanus toxoid, 10 µg HBsAg, and 0.6 mg aluminum antigens [10] - for the two-component aP antigen, a recently published hydroxide (total aluminum content of 0.6 mg per dose). review concluded high and similar immunogenicity irrespective of the The control DTaP-IPV-Hep B//PRP-T vaccine (batch number study population and immunization schedule [11]. In our study, we A21CA310C) (Infanrix hexa®) was manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline also included the immunogenicity of the PRP antigen to compare the Biologicals and supplied as two separate components (a response following its administration as a valence of the fully liquid, DTaP-Hep B-IPV suspension in a pre-filled syringe and lyophilized investigational vaccine to its administration as a lyophilized constituent PRP-T as a white pellet in a glass vial) that were reconstituted as a 0.5 of the comparator vaccine. Finally, we describe the immunogenicity of mL dose immediately prior to injection. The needle size was 25G/25 the D antigen and include anti-D concentration data prior to the first mm. Each dose contained 2-phenoxyethanol as preservative, ≥30 dose (as well as after the final dose) to provide an indication of the level IU of diphtheria toxoid, 40 IU tetanus toxoid, 25 µg PT, 25 µg FHA, of passively transmitted maternal anti-D antibodies and their effect on 8 µg pertactin, 40, 8 and 32 D-antigen units of IPV type 1, 2 and 3, the post-primary series response. respectively, 10 µg of Hemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide Materials and Methods conjugated to 20-40 µg tetanus toxoid, 10 µg HBsAg; the PRP-T and HBsAg were adsorbed on 1.45 mg aluminum phosphate and the D, T, Study design and participants PT, FHA and pertactin were adsorbed on 0.95 mg hydrated aluminum This was a Phase III, observer-blind, randomized, controlled study oxide (total aluminum content of 0.8 mg per dose). performed in a single centre in Peru (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: The investigational and control vaccines were administered NCT00831753). Healthy 2-month old infants who were born at full- intramuscularly into the anterolateral aspect of the—preferably right— term (≥37 weeks) and with birth weight ≥2.5 kg were included in the thigh. study, which took place between May 2008 and May 2009. Mothers were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in either the Serology last 30 days of pregnancy (≥36 weeks of amenorrhea) or in the first A 4 mL blood sample was taken at 2 months of age (i.e. prior to the 30 days post-partum; only babies born to HBsAg-negative mothers first primary series vaccination) for determination of anti-D antibody were considered for inclusion in the study. In addition, no hepatitis B concentration and a 5 mL sample was taken at 7 months of age (i.e.
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