History of Immunization in BC
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The Hexavalent Dtap/IPV/Hib/Hepb Combination Vaccine: Information for Healthcare Practitioners About the Neonatal Selective
The hexavalent DTaP/IPV/Hib/HepB combination vaccine Information for healthcare practitioners about the neonatal selective immunisation programme for babies at risk of hepatitis B The Hexavalent DTaP/IPV/Hib/HepB combination vaccine: Information for Healthcare Practitioners (selective programme) About Public Health England Public Health England exists to protect and improve the nation’s health and wellbeing, and reduce health inequalities. We do this through world-leading science, research, knowledge and intelligence, advocacy, partnerships and the delivery of specialist public health services. We are an executive agency of the Department of Health and Social Care, and a distinct delivery organisation with operational autonomy. We provide government, local government, the NHS, Parliament, industry and the public with evidence-based professional, scientific and delivery expertise and support. Public Health England Wellington House 133-155 Waterloo Road London SE1 8UG Tel: 020 7654 8000 www.gov.uk/phe Twitter: @PHE_uk Facebook: www.facebook.com/PublicHealthEngland For queries relating to this document, please contact: [email protected] © Crown copyright 2020 You may re-use this information (excluding logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0. To view this licence, visit OGL. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. First published November 2017 This updated version published February -
(ACIP) General Best Guidance for Immunization
9. Special Situations Updates Major revisions to this section of the best practices guidance include the timing of intramuscular administration and the timing of clotting factor deficiency replacement. Concurrent Administration of Antimicrobial Agents and Vaccines With a few exceptions, use of an antimicrobial agent does not interfere with the effectiveness of vaccination. Antibacterial agents have no effect on inactivated, recombinant subunit, or polysaccharide vaccines or toxoids. They also have no effect on response to live, attenuated vaccines, except BCG vaccines. Antimicrobial or immunosuppressive agents may interfere with the immune response to BCG and should only be used under medical supervision (for additional information, see www.merck.com/product/usa/pi_circulars/b/bcg/bcg_pi.pdf). Antiviral drugs used for treatment or prophylaxis of influenza virus infections have no effect on the response to inactivated influenza vaccine (2). However, live, attenuated influenza vaccine should not be administered until 48 hours after cessation of therapy with antiviral influenza drugs. If feasible, to avoid possible reduction in vaccine effectiveness, antiviral medication should not be administered for 14 days after LAIV administration (2). If influenza antiviral medications are administered within 2 weeks after receipt of LAIV, the LAIV dose should be repeated 48 or more hours after the last dose of zanamavir or oseltamivir. The LAIV dose should be repeated 5 days after peramivir and 17 days after baloxavir. Alternatively, persons receiving antiviral drugs within the period 2 days before to 14 days after vaccination with LAIV may be revaccinated with another approved vaccine formulation (e.g., IIV or recombinant influenza vaccine). Antiviral drugs active against herpesviruses (e.g., acyclovir or valacyclovir) might reduce the efficacy of vaccines containing live, attenuated varicella zoster virus (i.e., Varivax and ProQuad) (3,4). -
For Schools and Parents: K-12 Immunization Requirements
FOR SCHOOLS AND PARENTS: K-12 IMMUNIZATION REQUIREMENTS NJ Department of Health (NJDOH) Vaccine Preventable Disease Program Summary of NJ School Immunization Requirements Listed in the chart below are the minimum required number of doses your child must have to attend a NJ school.* This is strictly a summary document. Exceptions to these requirements (i.e. provisional admission, grace periods, and exemptions) are specified in the Immunization of Pupils in School rules, New Jersey Administrative Code (N.J.A.C. 8:57-4). Please reference the administrative rules for more details https://www.nj.gov/health/cd/imm_requirements/acode/. Additional vaccines are recommended by Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for optimal protection. For the complete ACIP Recommended Immunization Schedule, please visit http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/index.html. Minimum Number of Doses for Each Vaccine Grade/level child DTaP Polio MMR Varicella Hepatitis Meningococcal Tdap enters school: Diphtheria, Tetanus, acellular Pertussis Inactivated (Measles, (Chickenpox) B (Tetanus, Polio Vaccine Mumps, diphtheria, (IPV) Rubella) acellular pertussis) § | Kindergarten – A total of 4 doses with one of these doses A total of 3 2 doses 1 dose 3 doses None None 1st grade on or after the 4th birthday doses with one OR any 5 doses† of these doses given on or after the 4th birthday ‡ OR any 4 doses nd th † 2 – 5 grade 3 doses 3 doses 2 doses 1 dose 3 doses None See footnote NOTE: Children 7 years of age and older, who have not been previously vaccinated with the primary DTaP series, should receive 3 doses of Td. -
Safety of Immunization During Pregnancy a Review of the Evidence
Safety of Immunization during Pregnancy A review of the evidence Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety © World Health Organization 2014 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization are available on the WHO website (www.who.int) or can be purchased from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications –whether for sale or for non-commercial distribution– should be addressed to WHO Press through the WHO website (www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/en/index.html). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. -
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2021 FORUM REPORT COVID-19 in Africa one year on: Impact and Prospects MO IBRAHIM FOUNDATION 2021 FORUM REPORT COVID-19 in Africa one year on: Impact and Prospects MO IBRAHIM FOUNDATION Foreword by Mo Ibrahim Notwithstanding these measures, on current projections Founder and Chair of the Mo Ibrahim Africa might not be adequately covered before 2023. Foundation (MIF) Vaccinating Africa is an urgent matter of global security and all the generous commitments made by Africa’s partners must now be delivered. Looking ahead - and inevitably there will be future pandemics - Africa needs to significantly enhance its Over a year ago, the emergence and the spread of COVID-19 homegrown vaccine manufacturing capacity. shook the world and changed life as we knew it. Planes were Africa’s progress towards its development agendas was off grounded, borders were closed, cities were shut down and course even before COVID-19 hit and recent events have people were told to stay at home. Other regions were hit created new setbacks for human development. With very earlier and harder, but Africa has not been spared from the limited access to remote learning, Africa’s youth missed out pandemic and its impact. on seven months of schooling. Women and girls especially The 2021 Ibrahim Forum Report provides a comprehensive are facing increased vulnerabilities, including rising gender- analysis of this impact from the perspectives of health, based violence. society, politics, and economics. Informed by the latest data, The strong economic and social impacts of the pandemic it sets out the challenges exposed by the pandemic and the are likely to create new triggers for instability and insecurity. -
Adult Vaccines
What do flu, whooping cough, measles, shingles and pneumonia have in common? 1 They’re viruses that can make you very sick. 2 Vaccines can help prevent them. Protect yourself and those you care about. Get vaccinated at a network pharmacy near you. • Ask your pharmacist which vaccines are right for you. • Find out if your pharmacist can administer the recommended vaccinations. • Many vaccinations are covered by your plan at participating retail pharmacies. • Don’t forget to present your member ID card to the pharmacist at the time of service! The following vaccines are available and can be administered by pharmacists at participating network pharmacies: • Flu (seasonal influenza) • Meningitis • Travel Vaccines (typhoid, yellow • Tetanus/Diphtheria/Pertussis • Pneumonia fever, etc.) • Hepatitis • Rabies • Childhood Vaccines (MMR, etc.) • Human Papillomavirus (HPV) • Shingles/Zoster See other side for recommended adult vaccinations. The vaccinations you need ALL adults should get vaccinated for1: • Flu, every year. It’s especially important for pregnant women, older adults and people with chronic health conditions. • Tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis (whooping cough). Adults should get a one-time dose of the Tdap vaccine. It’s different from the tetanus vaccine (Td), which is given every 10 years. You may need additional vaccinations depending on your age1: Young adults not yet vaccinated need: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine series (3 doses) if you are: • Female age 26 or younger • Male age 21 or younger • Male age 26 or younger who has sex with men, who is immunocompromised or who has HIV Adults born in the U.S. in 1957 or after need: Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine2 Adults should get at least one dose of MMR vaccine, unless they’ve already gotten this vaccine or have immunity to measles, mumps and rubella Adults born in the U.S. -
UNICEF Pentavalent-Hexa 2021+ Pre-Tender Industry Consultation
UNICEF Pentavalent-Hexa 2021+ Pre-Tender Industry Consultation 19th SEPTEMBER 2019 1 Presentation Outline 1. Context ▪ Gavi Board decision ▪ Hexa strategic alignment ▪ Value Based Assessment 2. Demand scenarios and assumptions 3. Pentavalent Tender: ▪ Objectives ▪ Scope ▪ Duration ▪ Modality 4. Summary of feedback and response to questionnaire 5. Timelines 1. CONTEXT Gavi Board decision Hexa strategic alignment Value Based Assessment 3 Gavi Board November 2018 – Decisions IPV Post-2020 DTP booster VIS 2018 VIS 2018 + Hexavalent as immunisation option • Approved support for D, T & P vaccines (Td, DTwP, pentavalent) to be used as booster doses beginning in 2021 • Approved support for inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), with country financing arrangements subject to alignment with the final parameter setting for Gavi 5.0 at the June 2019 Board meeting* • Approved in principle support of wP-Hexavalent vaccine, subject to a vaccine being licenced, recommended for use by WHO, WHO pre-qualified and that market attributes support the successful implementation of Hexavalent The development of capacity for standalone IPV remains the main priority for Gavi Alliance as part of the effort to eradicate polio All Gavi Board decisions are “subject to the availability of funding for the 2021-2025 period and alignment with the final parameter setting for Gavi 5.0 at the June 2019 Board meeting.” *Gavi's Board approved IPV co-financing arrangements post-2020 in its June 2019 session 4 Conditions to open a funding window for Hexavalent Condition 1: Hexavalent vaccines that are candidates for Gavi support should achieve IPV immunogenicity targets as per WHO’s SAGE recommendations. Condition 2: Hexavalent vaccines are priced in line with value-based principles. -
Case Studies Controversies in Vaccination
European Review, Vol. 21, No. S1, S56–S61 r 2013 Academia Europæa. The online version of this article is published within an Open Access environment subject to the conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ,http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/.. doi:10.1017/S1062798713000227 Session 3 – Case Studies Controversies in Vaccination ROMAN PRYMULA University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. E-mail: [email protected] Infectious diseases still jeopardize human health and even lives. In spite of the variety of advanced treatment methods, prevention is considered to be the most effective way to fight infections, and vaccination, no doubt, is one of the most effective preventive measures in the history of mankind. The vaccine controversy is based on a dispute over morality, ethics, effectiveness, and/or safety. There is no 100% safe or effective vaccine; however, benefits clearly overweigh risks. Ironically, as the numbers of cases of vaccine- preventable infectious diseases are falling, the controversies relating to vaccine safety are growing. Vaccines are generally victims of their own success. Controversies can afflict the positive acceptance of immunization, decrease the coverage and uptake and finally threaten the health of children and adults. The advent of vaccination has proven to be one of the most effective preventive measures in the history of medicine. Vaccines play a significant role in the prevention of debili- tating and, in many cases, life-threatening infectious diseases. Vaccines also provide important benefits in terms of reducing or avoiding costs associated with illness, both direct and indirect. In spite of the absence of any kind of ideal global healthcare system and lack of resources, the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) were able, in 1974, to establish a major global project called the Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI). -
Vaccines You Might Need?
Do You Know Which Adult Vaccines You Might Need? Vaccines are recommended for all adults based on factors such as age, travel, occupation, medical history, and vaccines they have had in the past. Below are the main vaccines you might need. But, this list may not include every vaccine that you need. Find out which vaccines you need by taking the quiz at: www.cdc.gov/vaccines/AdultQuiz/ ALL adults 19 and older, including pregnant women, need: Influenza vaccine every year • A flu vaccine is especially important for people with chronic health conditions, pregnant women, and older adults Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough) vaccine (Tdap) • Adults should get a one-time dose of Tdap. Adults can get Tdap no matter when they got their last tetanus vaccine (Td), which is given every 10 years • Pregnant women should get Tdap to protect themselves and their newborn babies from whooping cough In addition to influenza and Tdap vaccines, you may also need other vaccines depending on your age or other factors. Flip the page to learn more. Talk to your healthcare provider about which vaccines are right for you. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases Immunization Services Division CS235267 In addition to influenza and Tdap vaccines, you may also need other vaccines depending on your age… Young adults not yet vaccinated need: Adults born in the US in 1980 or after need: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine series Varicella “chickenpox” vaccine* (3 doses) if you are: • Adults should get 2 doses of chickenpox vaccine • -
Polio Vaccine May Be Given at the Same Time As Other Paralysis (Can’T Move Arm Or Leg)
POLIO VVPOLIO AAACCINECCINECCINE (_________ W H A T Y O U N E E D T O K N O W ) (_I111 ________What is polio? ) (_I ________Who should get polio ) 333 vaccine and when? Polio is a disease caused by a virus. It enters a child’s (or adult’s) body through the mouth. Sometimes it does IPV is a shot, given in the leg or arm, depending on age. not cause serious illness. But sometimes it causes Polio vaccine may be given at the same time as other paralysis (can’t move arm or leg). It can kill people who vaccines. get it, usually by paralyzing the muscles that help them Children breathe. Most people should get polio vaccine when they are Polio used to be very common in the United States. It children. Children get 4 doses of IPV, at these ages: paralyzed and killed thousands of people a year before we 333 A dose at 2 months 333 A dose at 6-18 months had a vaccine for it. 333 A dose at 4 months 333 A booster dose at 4-6 years 222 Why get vaccinated? ) Adults c I Most adults do not need polio vaccine because they were Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV) can prevent polio. already vaccinated as children. But three groups of adults are at higher risk and should consider polio vaccination: History: A 1916 polio epidemic in the United States killed (1) people traveling to areas of the world where polio is 6,000 people and paralyzed 27,000 more. In the early common, 1950’s there were more than 20,000 cases of polio each (2) laboratory workers who might handle polio virus, and year. -
Immunogenicity and Safety of a Fully Liquid Dtap-IPV-Hep B-PRP-T
ccines & a V f V a o c l c i a n n a Lanata et al., J Vaccines Vaccin 2012, 3:1 r t u i o o n J Journal of Vaccines & Vaccination DOI: 10.4172/2157-7560.1000128 ISSN: 2157-7560 Research Article Open Access Immunogenicity and Safety of a Fully Liquid DTaP-IPV-Hep B-PRP-T Vaccine at 2-4-6 Months of Age in Peru Claudio Lanata1, Betzana Zambrano2, Lucie Ecker1, Isabel Amemiya1, Ana Gil1 and Eduardo Santos Lima3* 1Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru 2Sanofi Pasteur, Montevideo, Uruguay 3Clinical Development, Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France Abstract Objectives: To assess the immunogenicity and safety of a new candidate, fully liquid, hexavalent DTaP-IPV- Hep B-PRP-T vaccine (Hexaxim™, an AcXim family vaccine) compared to a licensed hexavalent DTaP-IPV-Hep B// PRP-T vaccine (Infanrix hexa®) in Peru. Methods: Infants born to HBsAg seronegative mothers and who had not received a hepatitis B vaccine prior to entry into the study were randomized to receive either Hexaxim™ (Group 1) or Infanrix hexa® (Group 2) at 2, 4, 6 months of age. Seroprotection (SP) rate for hepatitis B (anti-HBs antibody concentration ≥10 mIU/mL) was analysed for non-inferiority (Group 1 minus Group 2) 1 month post-primary series. Anti-diphtheria and anti-polyrosil ribitol phosphate (PRP) antibody responses were analysed descriptively. Safety was analysed from parental reports. Results: Seroprotection rate for anti-HBs antibody titers ≥10 mIU/mL was high in both groups (≥99.2%) and non-inferiority was demonstrated (lower bound of the 95% CI for the difference was -4.17, above the pre-defined delta [-10%]). -
Swine Flu and Polio Vaccines: Some Parallels and Some Differences
Swine Fluand Polio Vaccines: Some Parallelsand Some Differences Howard B. Baumel College of Staten Island of the City Universityof New York Staten Island 10301 The swine flu vaccinationprogram vaccine could be successfullydevel- facturedby a single pharmaceutical generated debate in scientific and oped. company.The cause of this outbreak medical circlesthat extended to the Salkrelied heavily on his previous was never clearly established. Be- Downloaded from http://online.ucpress.edu/abt/article-pdf/39/9/550/36038/4446085.pdf by guest on 29 September 2021 general public.The controversythat experience as he attemptedto pro- cause bottles of tissue culture fluid centered on the vaccine's effective- duce a killedvirus polio vaccine.He containingthe virushad been stored ness and safety was reminiscentof used formalinto kill the virus and priorto being treated with formalin, the problemsthat accompaniedthe isolated one strain for each of the it was possiblethat bits of tissue had development of the polio vaccine three knowntypes of polio virus.To settled to the bottom covering the years ago. A review of that earlier determineif any live virusremained viruses and protecting them from scientific achievement can provide after the exposure to formalin,the the formalin.To prevent this, the insightsinto the swineflu dilemma. treated virus was injected into the tissue culture fluid was filtered to By the mid-1930's,only threeviral brain of a monkey. If the monkey remove the debris before exposure diseases,smallpox, rabies, and yellow contracted polio, it was concluded to formalin. fever, had yielded to vaccines. In that live viruswas present.To deter- HeraldCox and HilaryKoprowski each of these cases, the vaccine mine if the treated virus was effec- (1955, 1956) had developed an consisted of a live virus.