DOCSLIB.ORG

The Castle and the Virgin in Medieval

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Castle and the Virgin in Medieval I 1+ M. Vox THE CASTLE AND THE VIRGIN IN MEDIEVAL AND EARLY RENAISSANCE DRAMA John H. Meagher III A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December, 1976 Approved by Doctoral Committee BOWLING GREEN UN1V. LIBRARY 13 © 1977 JOHN HENRY MEAGHER III ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 11 ABSTRACT This study examined architectural metaphor and setting in civic pageantry, religious processions, and selected re­ ligious plays of the middle ages and renaissance. A review of critical works revealed the use of an architectural setting and metaphor in classical Greek literature that continued in Roman and medieval literature. Related examples were the Palace of Venus, the House of Fortune, and the temple or castle of the Virgin. The study then explained the devotion to the Virgin Mother in the middle ages and renaissance. The study showed that two doctrines, the Immaculate Conception and the Assumption of Mary, were illustrated in art, literature, and drama, show­ ing Mary as an active interceding figure. In civic pageantry from 1377 to 1556, the study found that the architectural metaphor and setting was symbolic of a heaven or structure which housed virgins personifying virtues, symbolically protective of royal genealogy. Pro­ tection of the royal line was associated with Mary, because she was a link in the royal line from David and Solomon to Jesus. As architecture was symbolic in civic pageantry of a protective place for the royal line, so architecture in religious drama was symbolic of, or associated with the Virgin Mother. The study showed that the N-Town cycle con­ tinually associated Mary with the castle, tower, taber­ nacle and temple. In The Castle of Perseverance, a morality play written between 1410-1425, the central structure functioned sym­ bolically as in the cycle plays. Referring to sources, analogous dramatic techniques and themes, similar patterns in the mythology and drama of the Virgin Mother, and refer­ ences within the play, the study shows that the central structure symbolized the garden of Eden, the temple and the church. Each of those places was associated with Mary, the Virgin Mother of Christ as the new Eve, or the castle of virtue, or the Virgin of Mercy. Similarly, in the Digby play of Mary Magdalen, a cen­ tral structure was used in an arena setting. Examining the sources and analogues including the Golden Legend, Myrc's Festial, cycle plays about Mary and the Passion of Christ, Latin passion plays, and The Castle of Perseverance, the study concluded that the essential symbolic meaning of the central structure is that of the temple associated with the Virgin Mother. The study concluded that the architectural metaphor and setting of medieval and early renaissance drama in arena settings often symbolized the temple or church associated with the Virgin Mother. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ARCHITECTURAL METAPHOR AND SETTING IN CLASSICAL AND MEDIEVAL LITERATURE. .... 1 THE VIRGIN MOTHER IN RITUAL AND ART IN THE MIDDLE AGES AND RENAISSANCE......... 24 ARCHITECTURAL METAPHOR IN TOURNAMENTS AND CIVIC PAGEANTRY ......................... 55 RELATIONSHIP OF ARCHITECTURE TO THE VIRGIN MOTHER IN ART AND DRAMA. 100 THE MEANING OF THE CENTRAL STRUCTURE OR CASTLE IN THE CASTLE OF PERSEVERANCE........ 156 ARCHITECTURAL METAPHOR AND SETTING RELATED TO THE VIRGIN MOTHER IN THE DIGBY MARY MAGDALEN............ .. 188 BIBLIOGRAPHY................................ 236 I ARCHITECTURAL METAPHOR AND SETTING IN CLASSICAL AND MEDIEVAL LITERATURE Drama, like other literary forms, employs metaphor, symbol and setting to emphasize major themes. This study describes an important set of architectural metaphors, symbols and settings in early English moral drama. To help interpret the meaning of these devices, analogues from civic pageantry, painting, sculpture, religious liturgy, ivory carvings and literature are described and explained. Analogues from Greek, Roman, biblical, patristic, medieval and renaissance sources are examined in the first three chapters, while the remaining two chaoters describe and explain the architectural metaphors, symbols and settings in two major medieval English moral plays. The plays were selected for their references to architecture and for their important place in the literary history of English drama. In this study, The Castle of Perseverance (ca. 1425), and the Digby play of Mary Magdalen (1520-30), are examined specifically for their references to architecture. The architectural form most frequently noted is the castle, but the ark, bower, tabernacle, temple, tower, citadel and city are also examined. Common to all of these architectural references is a comparison to the human body, soul, state of mind, or condition of life. Of these architectural refer­ ences the most interesting one alludes to the Virgin Mother of Christ, in her role as the mother of God, the mother of the church, the Immaculate Conception, or as one who was 2. raised by God to heaven. This study examines architectural elements in drama symbolic of and related to the Virgin Mother. In order to gain an understanding of the architectural references and their meanings, it is necessary to review origins in classical, biblical, and early medieval sources, as well as works contemporary with the plays examined in this study. The review is necessary because elements of pagan, Jewish and Christian beliefs and literature are even­ tually brought together in medieval literary and artistic expression of architectural images. The major, studies of architectural references were written before 1935 and did not focus on drama, but a review of these studies provides historical background for an examination of architecture and its symbolic meaning in drama. The architectural metaphor has a long history, and three separate studies shed the most light: William Allan Neilson's The Origins and Sources of the Court of Love, H.R. Patch's The Goddess Fortuna in Medieval Literature, and Roberta Cornelius' "The Figurative Castle As with many elements of English literature, references to architecture appear to begin in Greek literature. ^William Allan Neilson, The Origins and Sources of the Court of Love (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1914), pp. 1-17; H.R. Patch, The Goddess Fortuna in Medieval Literature (1927; rpt. New York: Octagon Books, 1967), pp. 123-146; Roberta Cornelius, "The Figurative Castle," Diss. Bryn Mawr 1930. 3. Roberta Cornelius traces references to the edifice as a 2 metaphor back to Theagenes of Rhegium, Xenophon, and Plato. For instance, Plato's Timaeus uses the motif as an analogue to the human body. Longinus, in the Essay on the Sublime summarizes Plato's use of this allegory: Xenophon gives us...an impressive picture of the anatomy of man's bodily dwelling, and Plato does the same even more divinely. He calls the head the citadel, the neck an isthmus between it and the body. The vertebrae, he says, are fixed under it like pivots; pleasure is a bait of evil for men; the tongue is the assayer of taste; the heart is the knot of the vein and the source of the blood which courses violently round, and it is established in the guardhouse.3 The metaphor of an edifice for the body was used throughout classical, biblical, medieval and renaissance literature including Elizabethan and Jacobean works. 4 Another important expression of the figurative building was the Palace of Venus in its early contexts. William Allan Neilson's The Origins and Sources of the Court of Love traces 2 . Cornelius, p. 1. 3 G.M.A. Crube, trans., Longinus, On Great Writing (New York, Liberal Arts Press, 1957), p. 43. Cornelius trans­ lates "bodily dwelling" as "human tabernacle," based on a translation by W. Hamilton Fyfe. ^See Cornelius, pp. 1, 2; William C. McAvoy, "Form in Richard II, II, i, 40-66," JEGP, 54, 355-61; Thomas L. Berger, "The Petrarchan Fortress of The Changeling," Renais­ sance Papers (1972), 37-46; Arthur C. Kirsch, Jacobean Dramatic Perspectives (Charlottesville, Va.: University Press of Virginia (1973), 81-83; Samuel Purchas, Microcosmus or the Historie of Man, (1619: facsimile rpt. New York: Theatrum Orbis Terrarum Ltd. and Da Capo Press, 1969), pp. 32-143. BOWLING GREEN UNIV. LIBRARZ ---- — ---- -- 4. the history of allegory associated with the Palace of Venus in classical and medieval literature.He notes that "In Homer all the gods have houses, and from these doubtless the later descriptions are elaborated. The palace of Apollo in the beginning of Book ii of Ovid's Metamorphoses is an example, and may also be a source, of the gorgeous descrip­ tions of castles such as we have in the Court of Love...."^ Neilson also mentions that a source of Chaucer's "House of Fame" was Ovid's Metamorphoses xii, 11. 39-63, in which Fame reigns in an edifice located between the earth and heaven which is set extremely high, with streets and openings 7 without doors. In another source, the Metamorphosis of 8 Apuleius, Psyche woke up in a grove with a fountain. In Claudian's De Nuptiis Honorii et Mariae, the Palace of Venus is situated "...in a flat plain on the top of a mountain inaccessible to the foot of man, and surrounded by a golden wall built by Vulcan...." 9 Neither wind nor winter exist, 5 Neilson, pp. 1-17. 6 Neilson, p. 12. 7 Neilson, p. 13. 8 Neilson, p. 14. See Spenser's Two Cantos of Mutability, vi. 37-55. Though not an edifice, there is a similar purpose to that of the Palace of Venus in the protected shrine or garden. The fountain is architectural. 9 Neilson, p. 15. See Spenser's The Faerie Oueene, III. vi. 30-48, and II. xii. 42-87 for the Garden of Adonis and the Bower of Bliss. 5. and flowers bloom while birds sing.10 The palace itself is jewelled.11 12I n* noting these places and edifices, Neilson explains that the palaces were where the allegorical per­ sonifications of abstract ideas lived.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Life Among Good Women: the Social and Religious Impact of the Cathar Perfectae in the Thirteenth-Century Lauragais
    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 12-2017 Life among Good Women: The Social and Religious Impact of the Cathar Perfectae in the Thirteenth-Century Lauragais Derek Robert Benson Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the European History Commons, and the History of Gender Commons Recommended Citation Benson, Derek Robert, "Life among Good Women: The Social and Religious Impact of the Cathar Perfectae in the Thirteenth-Century Lauragais" (2017). Master's Theses. 2008. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/2008 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LIFE AMONG GOOD WOMEN: THE SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS IMPACT OF THE CATHAR PERFECTAE IN THE THIRTEENTH-CENTURY LAURAGAIS by Derek Robert Benson A thesis submitted to the Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts History Western Michigan University December 2017 Thesis Committee: Robert Berkhofer III, Ph.D., Chair Larry Simon, Ph.D. James Palmitessa, Ph.D. LIFE AMONG GOOD WOMEN: THE SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS IMPACT OF THE CATHAR PERFECTAE IN THE THIRTEENTH-CENTURY LAURAGAIS Derek Robert Benson, M.A. Western Michigan University, 2017 This Master’s Thesis builds on the work of previous historians, such as Anne Brenon and John Arnold. It is primarily a study of gendered aspects in the Cathar heresy.
    [Show full text]
  • The Church and Health Care an Appeal to the Silent Priests and Bishops
    Preserving Christian Publications, Inc. TRADITIONAL CATHOLIC BOOKS Specializing in Used and Out-of-Print Titles Catalog 183 January-February 2018 PCP, Inc. is a tax-exempt not-for-profit corporation devoted to the preservation of our Catholic heritage. All charitable contributions toward the used-book and publishing activities of PCP (not including payments for book purchases) are tax-deductible. The Church and Health Care An Appeal to the Silent Priests and Bishops The political debate taking place in the United States regarding against the Church and Christian Civilization, a theme that some health care, as Juan Donoso Cortés wrote regarding all political might think is a problem of the past, two and a half decades after the questions, is ultimately a theological or religious question. A century fall of the Soviet Union. But the British case of government control ago American Catholic author James J. Walsh, in his book The over the life of an infant demonstrates the continuing threat of Thirteenth: Greatest of Centuries, devoted a chapter to the theme of socialism, and the spreading of the errors of Russia foretold by Our “City Hospitals – Organized Charity.” In it he showed how the Lady at Fatima. Plinio Corrêa de Oliveira’s 1976 book added a Church in the Middle Ages created organized medical care, in the subtitle of central significance in the present debate: An Appeal to form the modern world now knows and from which it continues to the Silent Bishops. The author recognized that there were divisions benefit. Even in the United States, a non-Catholic country, Catholic within the hierarchy of the Church regarding the contemporary hospitals constitute a major sector of the nation’s health care system.
    [Show full text]
  • THE CORRUPTION of ANGELS This Page Intentionally Left Blank the CORRUPTION of ANGELS
    THE CORRUPTION OF ANGELS This page intentionally left blank THE CORRUPTION OF ANGELS THE GREAT INQUISITION OF 1245–1246 Mark Gregory Pegg PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON AND OXFORD COPYRIGHT 2001 BY PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PUBLISHED BY PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS, 41 WILLIAM STREET, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY 08540 IN THE UNITED KINGDOM: PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS, 3 MARKET PLACE, WOODSTOCK, OXFORDSHIRE OX20 1SY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA PEGG, MARK GREGORY, 1963– THE CORRUPTION OF ANGELS : THE GREAT INQUISITION OF 1245–1246 / MARK GREGORY PEGG. P. CM. INCLUDES BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES AND INDEX. ISBN 0-691-00656-3 (ALK. PAPER) 1. ALBIGENSES. 2. LAURAGAIS (FRANCE)—CHURCH HISTORY. 3. INQUISITION—FRANCE—LAURAGAIS. 4. FRANCE—CHURCH HISTORY—987–1515. I. TITLE. DC83.3.P44 2001 272′.2′0944736—DC21 00-057462 THIS BOOK HAS BEEN COMPOSED IN BASKERVILLE TYPEFACE PRINTED ON ACID-FREE PAPER. ∞ WWW.PUP.PRINCETON.EDU PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 13579108642 To My Mother This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix 1 Two Hundred and One Days 3 2 The Death of One Cistercian 4 3 Wedged between Catha and Cathay 15 4 Paper and Parchment 20 5 Splitting Heads and Tearing Skin 28 6 Summoned to Saint-Sernin 35 7 Questions about Questions 45 8 Four Eavesdropping Friars 52 9 The Memory of What Was Heard 57 10 Lies 63 11 Now Are You Willing to Put That in Writing? 74 12 Before the Crusaders Came 83 13 Words and Nods 92 14 Not Quite Dead 104 viii CONTENTS 15 One Full Dish of Chestnuts 114 16 Two Yellow Crosses 126 17 Life around a Leaf 131 NOTES 133 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS CITED 199 INDEX 219 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS HE STAFF, librarians, and archivists of Olin Library at Washing- ton University in St.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dramaturgy of Participation and Unreliable Mirror Figures in Sixteenth-Century Drama
    University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 5-2014 A Mirror for Spectators: The Dramaturgy of Participation and Unreliable Mirror Figures in Sixteenth-Century Drama Virginia Hanlon Murphy University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Literature in English, British Isles Commons Recommended Citation Murphy, Virginia Hanlon, "A Mirror for Spectators: The Dramaturgy of Participation and Unreliable Mirror Figures in Sixteenth-Century Drama. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2014. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/2773 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Virginia Hanlon Murphy entitled "A Mirror for Spectators: The Dramaturgy of Participation and Unreliable Mirror Figures in Sixteenth-Century Drama." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in English. Heather A. Hirschfeld, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Rob Stillman, Laura Howes, Kate Buckley Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) A Mirror for Spectators: The Dramaturgy of Participation and Unreliable Mirror Figures in Sixteenth-Century Drama A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Virginia Hanlon Murphy May 2014 Copyright © 2014 by Virginia H.
    [Show full text]
  • Gloucestershire Castles
    Gloucestershire Archives Take One Castle Gloucestershire Castles The first castles in Gloucestershire were built soon after the Norman invasion of 1066. After the Battle of Hastings, the Normans had an urgent need to consolidate the land they had conquered and at the same time provide a secure political and military base to control the country. Castles were an ideal way to do this as not only did they secure newly won lands in military terms (acting as bases for troops and supply bases), they also served as a visible reminder to the local population of the ever-present power and threat of force of their new overlords. Early castles were usually one of three types; a ringwork, a motte or a motte & bailey; A Ringwork was a simple oval or circular earthwork formed of a ditch and bank. A motte was an artificially raised earthwork (made by piling up turf and soil) with a flat top on which was built a wooden tower or ‘keep’ and a protective palisade. A motte & bailey was a combination of a motte with a bailey or walled enclosure that usually but not always enclosed the motte. The keep was the strongest and securest part of a castle and was usually the main place of residence of the lord of the castle, although this changed over time. The name has a complex origin and stems from the Middle English term ‘kype’, meaning basket or cask, after the structure of the early keeps (which resembled tubes). The name ‘keep’ was only used from the 1500s onwards and the contemporary medieval term was ‘donjon’ (an apparent French corruption of the Latin dominarium) although turris, turris castri or magna turris (tower, castle tower and great tower respectively) were also used.
    [Show full text]
  • Cathar Or Catholic: Treading the Line Between Popular Piety and Heresy in Occitania, 1022-1271
    Cathar or Catholic: Treading the line between popular piety and heresy in Occitania, 1022-1271. Master’s Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Department of History William Kapelle, Advisor In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Master’s Degree by Elizabeth Jensen May 2013 Copyright by Elizabeth Jensen © 2013 ABSTRACT Cathar or Catholic: Treading the line between popular piety and heresy in Occitania, 1022-1271. A thesis presented to the Department of History Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Waltham, Massachusetts By Elizabeth Jensen The Occitanian Cathars were among the most successful heretics in medieval Europe. In order to combat this heresy the Catholic Church ordered preaching campaigns, passed ecclesiastic legislation, called for a crusade and eventually turned to the new mechanism of the Inquisition. Understanding why the Cathars were so popular in Occitania and why the defeat of this heresy required so many different mechanisms entails exploring the development of Occitanian culture and the wider world of religious reform and enthusiasm. This paper will explain the origins of popular piety and religious reform in medieval Europe before focusing in on two specific movements, the Patarenes and Henry of Lausanne, the first of which became an acceptable form of reform while the other remained a heretic. This will lead to a specific description of the situation in Occitania and the attempts to eradicate the Cathars with special attention focused on the way in which Occitanian culture fostered the growth of Catharism. In short, Catharism filled the need that existed in the people of Occitania for a reformed religious experience.
    [Show full text]
  • Franciscan Saints, Blesseds, and Feasts (To Navigate to a Page, Press Ctrl+Shift+N and Then Type Page Number)
    Franciscan Saints, Blesseds, and Feasts (to navigate to a page, press Ctrl+Shift+N and then type page number) Saints St. Francis de Sales, January 29 ................................................ 3 St. Agnes of Assisi, November 19 ..........................................29 St. Francis Mary of Camporosso, September 20 ................24 St. Agnes of Prague, March 2 ...................................................6 St. Francis of Paola, April 2 ........................................................9 St. Albert Chmielowski, June 17 ............................................. 16 St. Francisco Solano, July 14 .....................................................19 St. Alphonsa of the Immaculate Conception, July 28........20 St. Giles Mary of St. Joseph, February 7 ................................4 St. Amato Ronconi, May 8 .......................................................12 St. Giovanni of Triora, February 7 ............................................4 St. Angela Merici, January 27 ................................................... 3 St. Gregory Grassi, July 8 ........................................................ 18 St. Angela of Foligno, January 7 ................................................1 St. Hermine Grivot, July 8 ....................................................... 18 St. Angelo of Acri, October 30 .............................................. 27 St. Humilis of Bisignano, November 25 .................................30 St. Anthony of Padua, June 13 ................................................ 16 St.
    [Show full text]
  • History of the Franciscan Movement
    HISTORY OF THE FRANCISCAN MOVEMENT Volume 2 FROM THE YEAR 1517 TO THE SECOND VATICAN COUNCIL On-line course in Franciscan History at Washington Theological Union Washington DC By Noel Muscat OFM Jerusalem 2008 History of the Franciscan Movement. Volume 2: From 1517 to the Second Vatican Council Chapter 10 NEW REFORMS AND NEW DIVISIONS: THE BIRTH OF THE CAPUCHINS AND REFORMS WITHIN THE OBSERVANCE The friars “of the Holy Gospel” The Order of Friars Minor of the Regular Observance, after the union of all the reformed families in 1517, became a powerful religious family dedicated mainly to apostolic missions. A minority of friars, however, continued to insist upon living a simpler Franciscan life in the hermitages. Besides the Amadeiti and Coletani, there were other congregations which preferred eremitical life, like the Clareni and the friars “of the Holy Gospel” or Capuciati. This last religious family was one which the Bulla Ite vos of Leo X (1517) had not managed to integrate within the Order of the Friars Minor of the Regular Observance. They were born, as we have already seen, with the initiative of Juan de la Puebla, who had made an experience of Franciscan life in the Umbrian hermitages of central Italy, and then had returned to Spain, founding a congregation of friars who lived the literal observance of the Rule in the hermitages. Among his followers there was Juan de Guadalupe, who in 1508 obtained the approval of the Province “of the Holy Gospel”.1 The negative reaction of the Spanish Observants, who persecuted the new religious family, compelled the brothers of the Custody of Estremadura to place themselves under the obedience of the Conventuals in 1515, and thus became to be known by the name of “Reformed Conventuals”.2 They wore a short tunic with a pyramidal hood, and hence also the name Capuciati.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bible in Music
    The Bible in Music 115_320-Long.indb5_320-Long.indb i 88/3/15/3/15 66:40:40 AAMM 115_320-Long.indb5_320-Long.indb iiii 88/3/15/3/15 66:40:40 AAMM The Bible in Music A Dictionary of Songs, Works, and More Siobhán Dowling Long John F. A. Sawyer ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD Lanham • Boulder • New York • London 115_320-Long.indb5_320-Long.indb iiiiii 88/3/15/3/15 66:40:40 AAMM Published by Rowman & Littlefield A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 www.rowman.com Unit A, Whitacre Mews, 26-34 Stannary Street, London SE11 4AB Copyright © 2015 by Siobhán Dowling Long and John F. A. Sawyer All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Dowling Long, Siobhán. The Bible in music : a dictionary of songs, works, and more / Siobhán Dowling Long, John F. A. Sawyer. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8108-8451-9 (cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-8108-8452-6 (ebook) 1. Bible in music—Dictionaries. 2. Bible—Songs and music–Dictionaries. I. Sawyer, John F. A. II. Title. ML102.C5L66 2015 781.5'9–dc23 2015012867 ™ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Learning Centre Wooden Castle Instructions
    Early Learning Centre Wooden Castle Instructions Endothermic Timotheus attemper mopingly, he hypothesized his encoignure very actively. Rich Thorstein trouncing, his Galenism clip chirps bilaterally. Wayworn and prescriptive Peter mismake: which Caesar is weediest enough? GET MORE FROM FINDING. Mill made a museum and historical centre that celebrates Manotick and open history. The magical castle comes with a King and Queen figures and gorgeous furniture including a bed, table with chairs, a gold plated throne and a chandelier. With 400 pieces this replica of the iconic Magic Kingdom castle was ready no. Download these free woodworking plans for your next project. For relief, a triangular pyramid has a pull that is this triangle, reflect a hexagonal pyramid has multiple base that laughing a hexagon. Shop piccolo player story so all early learning! Get creative with this fantastic paper craft Anderson Shelter Diorama, simply cut on fold would create study paper Anderson shelter facility is perfect show your classroom display, role play one or even as something lovely for especially children themselves take home! ELC Early Learning Centre wooden Temple of Doom castle. Flat rate from all medications away to achieve them important steps past the real good things to see full service in every day! Country dial and south area codes for California Dial code widgets for California. House Spring Birds on the took Branch removable, Playmobil. It perfect as a purchase that give consumers the early learning centre knight s t i have been working order online checking and early learning! Mortuary in early learning centre wooden castle instructions for early learning centre wooden rosebud dolls to hit.
    [Show full text]
  • Emma Chookaszian the Image of the Virgin of Mercy in the Armenian Art
    Emma Chookaszian The Image of the Virgin of Mercy in the Armenian Art of 13th century in Comparison with the Western Icons The Origins of This Iconography The western influence on the culture and art was getting stronger in Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia in the 13th c., which had a large sea-shore, oriented towards Europe and was playing an important role in the Mediterranean trade. The influence was strengthening also in the Armenian Church and the Armenian kings were becoming more and more oriented towards Roman Church. The majority of the Armenian manuscript books from the end of the 13th and the beginning of the 14th c. reveal a specific so-called “Italo-Byzantine” style. This text comments on two full-page miniatures from these manuscripts representing the Virgin of Mercy with the members of the royal families kneeling in front of her. One depicts Marshal Oshin, his two elder sons, Constatin and Hethoum, kneeling before Madonna, and a bishop. Madonna is holding her cloak over the royal family’s members as a sign of patronage and protection. Great Armenian scholar Sirarpie Der Nersessian drew attention to the intriguing similarities between this Armenian miniature and a small painting by Duccio di Boninsegna. Duccio’s work, Madonna of the Franciscans is datee in 1280 while the Armenian miniature dates in 1274. Der Nersessian believed that the Franciscans introduced to a Cilician artist the compositional type (Madonna della Misericordia/ Virgin of Mercy) which later enjoyed great success in the West. Another miniature from the same period (ca. 1270) also represents Virgin of Mercy and belongs to the Prince Vasak Gospel which is now kept in Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the Shakespeare and His Contemporaries Graduate
    THE BRITISH INSTITUTE OF FLORENCE THE ITALIAN ASSOCIATION OF SHAKESPEAREAN AND EARLY MODERN STUDIES Advisory Board Mariacristina Cavecchi, Università degli Studi di Milano Giuliana Iannaccaro, Università degli Studi di Milano Donatella Pallotti, Università degli Studi di Firenze Alessandra Petrina, Università degli Studi di Padova Laura Tosi, Università degli Studi di Venezia “Ca’ Foscari” Humour in Shakespeare’s Arcadia Selected Papers from the “Shakespeare and his Contemporaries” Graduate Conference Florence, 23 April 2015 edited by Roberta Mullini and Maria Elisa Montironi The British Institute of Florence 2017 Humour in Shakespeare’s Arcadia. Selected Papers from the “Shakespeare and his Contemporaries” Graduate Conference. Florence, 23 April 2015 / edited by Roberta Mullini and Maria Elisa Montironi – Firenze: The British Institute of Florence, 2017. © The Contributors, 2017 ISBN (online) 978-88-907244-4-2 http://www.britishinstitute.it/it/biblioteca/biblioteca-harold- acton/events-at-the-harold-acton-library Graphic design by Roberta Mullini Front cover: Will Sommers, by Francis Delaram, active 1615-1624 [Public domain], via Wikimedia at the site https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will_Sommers#/ media/File:WillSommers_engraving_300dpi.jpg.. Back cover: Four figures contemplate the inscription on a tomb in Arcadia. Etch- ing by Etienne Picart after Nicolas Poussin, 1653. Wellcome Library, London. We act in good faith in publishing this material here. However, should they exist, any legitimate copyright holder is invited to contact the editors. This publication has been double blind peer reviewed. This is an open access book licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which means that the text may be used for non- commercial purposes, provided credit is given to the author.
    [Show full text]