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How to Grow Collard Greens

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How to Grow Collard Greens EHT-051 5/14 Easy Gardening COLLARD GREENS • COLLARD GREENS • COLLARD G Joseph Masabni, Assistant Professor and Extension Horticulturist, The Texas A&M University System ollards are one of the most nutri- over to cover the plant material on the tious vegetables. They are low in soil surface. Allow time for the material to Ccalories and high in protein, vita- begin rotting. mins, and minerals. Although they are a If the soil is mostly clay or light sand, member of the cabbage family, collards do add organic matter. A 4-inch layer of com- not form heads. They are grown for their post is enough. Spread the compost over leaves. the planting area before digging. Collards tolerate more heat and cold Just before planting, scatter a com- than most other vegetables grown in plete garden fertilizer such as 10-10-10 Texas. They are easy to grow, productive, over the area you will plant. Use 2 or 3 and well suited to either large or small gar- pounds for each 100 square feet, or about dens. Collards grow best in cool weather 1 cup for and need as much sunlight as possible. each 10 feet of 36” Soil preparation row. Use 6–8” a rake to Collards need a deep soil that is well mix the drained and well prepared. The roots of a Work the soil into ridges fertil- Figure 1. collard plant easily reach depths of 2 feet that are 6 to 8 inches high and at izer 3 to least 36 inches apart. of more. Dig the soil as deep as possible or 4 inches at least 10 inches. This will loosen the soil into the soil. so the small feeder roots can grow more Work the soil into ridges that are 6 to easily. 8 inches high and at least 36 inches apart Before planting, remove rocks and (Fig. 1). This brings the fertilizer under the large sticks from the soil; then spade it -1- row, where the plants can reach it easily. with water. The plants should come up in The ridges also allow water to drain away 6 to 12 days. However, the colder the soil from the plant roots. is, the more slowly the seeds will sprout. For a fall crop, plant the seeds in the Varieties garden about 80 days before frost, which corresponds to August or September in Collard varieties suitable for growing most areas of Texas. Seed them heavily and in Texas include Blue Max, Champion, then thin them. Flash, Georgia LS, Georgia Southern, Top Bunch, and Vates. Care during the season Planting After the plants have sprouted, let them grow until they get about 4 to 6 Collards can be started from trans- inches tall plants or from seeds sown directly in the or become garden. Transplants usually are used for crowded the spring crop. They add 4 to 5 weeks to in the row. the growing season because they can be Then thin grown indoors before the weather is warm the plants enough to plant the seeds outside. Collard gradually Figure 3. Thinned plants can be seeds sprout when the soil temperature either transplanted to another until about reaches 45 degrees F. spot or used as greens. 18 inches Move the transplants into the garden remain be- as soon as the soil can be worked in the tween them. Crowding causes the leaves to spring; in most be smaller and less green. 18”– 24” of Texas, this is The young plants can be either trans- in February or planted to another spot or used as greens March. Set the (Fig. 3). plants in the Space collard Figure 2. soil at about the plants about 18 inches Fertilizing apart. same depth as they were grown Scatter 1 cup of garden fertilizer be- indoors. Space them 18 to 24 inches apart side the plants for each 30 feet of row, in the row (Fig. 2). Water the plants after about 1 tablespoon per plant. This is called transplanting. side-dressing. Mix the fertilizer lightly with When planting seeds, make a shallow the soil, and water. furrow about ½ inch deep down the center The plants may need to be side- of the bed. Scatter the seeds lightly in the dressed again in 4 to 6 weeks if they be- furrow. With a little practice, you can eas- come pale and there is no sign that insects ily scatter the seeds by using your fingers caused the change. to lightly tap the edge of the open seed When the plants are thinned to their packet. One teaspoon of seed will plant final spacing or if they become pale green, about 30 feet of row. add a little more fertilizer. Collards need Cover the seeds with about ¼ inch of plenty of nitrogen to develop their dark loose soil or compost; then sprinkle them green leaf color. -2- Diseases Name and description Control Collards are subject to some Green, pink, red, Pyrethrins diseases. If the plants have spots on 1 brown; ⁄8 inch long; and/or the leaves, you may need to use a soft bodied; under- Rotenone fungicide. Check the plants daily, side of leaves; often called ‘plant lice;’ and treat them with an approved Aphid sucks plant juices fungicide if diseases appear. Neem oil, sulfur, and other fungicides are Light green, white, Bacillus or pale yellow inch- thuringiensis available for use. Always follow the worm; has three (Dipel, Thuricide, label directions. pairs of prolegs; Biotrol) feeds on foliage Cabbage looper Harvesting Black with red or yel- Sevin Collards can be harvested in low markings; up to two ways. For small plants that need 3 ⁄8 inch long; sucks thinning, cut the entire plant about plant juices causing plant to wilt and the 4 inches above the ground (Fig. 4). Harlequin bug leaves to turn brown Sometimes they will sprout back from the side of the stem. Usually, only the lower leaves of col- lards are harvested. This allows the plant Watering to continue growing and producing more leaves. In Water the plants well each week if it mild re- does not rain. gions, such as South Weeds Texas and Keep the garden free of weeds because coastal areas, col- Figure 4. To harvest collards, cut they rob the plants of water and nutri- small plants at ground level, or ents. Pull the weeds or hoe them carefully lards will remove the lower leaves as the to prevent damage to the collard plant’s produce all plant grows. roots. winter. Collards can stand temperatures of 20 Insects degrees F or less in some cases. They taste sweeter after a light frost. Many insecticides are available at gar- den centers for homeowner use. Sevin® is Serving a synthetic insecticide; organic options in- clude Bt-based insecticides and sulfur. Sul- To prevent the loss of nutrients, do fur also has fungicidal properties and helps not cook collards in too much water. Your control many diseases. county Extension agent can provide more Before using a pesticide, read the label information on cooking and serving col- and always follow cautions, warnings, and lards. directions. -3- Acknowledgments This publication was revised from earlier versions written by Jerry Parsons, former Professor and Extension Horticulturist, and Sam Cotner, Professor Emeritus and former Extension Horticulturist. Information given herein is for educational purposes only. Reference to commercial products or trade names is made with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by the Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service is implied. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service AgriLifeExtension.tamu.edu More Extension publications can be found at AgriLifeBookstore.org Educational programs of the Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service are open to all people without regard to race, color, sex, religion, national origin, age, disability, genetic information, or veteran status. The Texas A&M University System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the County Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating. Revision -4-.
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