Monographs of the Institute of Archaeology of the Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw Volume published in cooperation with the Institute of Art History of the University of Warsaw 10 ARCHAEOLOGICA HEREDITAS Preventive conservation of the human environment 6. Architecture as an element of the landscape edited by Weronika Kobylińska-Bunsch, Zbigniew Kobyliński and Louis Daniel Nebelsick Warsaw 2017 Archaeologica Hereditas Works of the Institute of Archaeology of the Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński in Warsaw Editorial Board: Editor-in-chief: Zbigniew Kobyliński Members of the Board: Tadeusz Gołgowski, Jacek Lech, Przemysław Urbańczyk Secretary of the Board: Magdalena Żurek Editorial Board’s address: 1/2 Wóycickiego St., Building 23, PL 01-938 Warsaw, Poland tel. +48 22 569 68 17, e-mail: [email protected] www.archeologia.uksw.edu.pl Technical editing and proofreading: Zbigniew Kobyliński Layout: Bartłomiej Gruszka Cover design: Katja Niklas and Ula Zalejska-Smoleń Linguistic consultation: Louis Daniel Nebelsick and Wojciech Brzeziński Cover picture: part of the imperial garden Summer Palace in Beijing, China; photo by Weronika Kobylińska-Bunsch Publication recommended for print by Professors Martin Gojda and Andrzej Pieńkos © Copyright by Fundacja Res Publica Multiethnica, Warszawa 2017 and Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego, Warszawa 2017 ISBN 978-83-946496-4-7 ISBN 978-83-948352-2-4 ISSN 2451-0521 Publisher: Res Publica Multiethnica Foundation 44 Cypryjska St. PL 02-761 Warsaw, Poland http://res-publica-multiethnica.pl/ CONTENTS 5 Preface 37 The corporate and cultural: honoring Weronika Kobylińska-Bunsch, the monumental in Kansas City, Zbigniew Kobyliński Missouri and Louis Daniel Nebelsick Cynthia M. Ammerman * 47 Damaged landscape of ancient Palmyra and its recovery 7 Environmental preventive Marek Barański conservation Andrzej Tomaszewski 57 The art of (architectural) reconstruction at archaeological sites in situ within the context 11 The idea of preventive conservation of cultural landscapes of human environment Ewa M. Charowska Zbigniew Kobyliński and Weronika Kobylińska-Bunsch 73 Lessons from landscape, landscape archetypes * Urszula Forczek-Brataniec, Ana Luengo and Tony Williams 15 Preventive conservation of the human environment: 83 The city for people – the image architecture as an element of post-industrial sites in modern of the landscape city Lazare Eloundou Assomo Joanna Gruszczyńska 17 The role of the architecture 95 Sustainability by management: in the creation, enhancement a comparative policy study and preservation of cultural landscapes of the World Heritage cities Stefano De Caro of Amsterdam, Edinburgh and Querétaro 21 World Heritage SITES for DIALOGUE: Eva Gutscoven, Ana Pereira Roders and Koen heritage for intercultural dialogue, Van Balen through travel, “Life Beyond Tourism” Paolo Del Bianco 105 Polychromy in architecture as a manifestation of the link * between man and environment Tetiana Kazantseva 23 Role of cultural sustainability of a tribe in developing a timeless 119 Capturing architecture – the poetic cultural landscape: a case study vision of cultural heritage of the Apatani tribe in the inter-war Polish pictorial Barsha Amarendra, Bishnu Tamuli photography and Amarendra Kumar Das Weronika Kobylińska-Bunsch ARCHAEOLOGICA HEREDITAS 10 127 Landscape with ruins: 283 The meanings of ruins for the preservation and presentation history of the cultural landscape of archaeological relics on the example of the remains of architecture of the castle complex at Wyszyna Zbigniew Kobyliński Kamil Rabiega 153 Educating architects: the problem 303 Dissolving materiality: ruins and with agricultural buildings plant relicts in the landscape parks Diederik de Koning by Denis McClair in Volhynia Petro Rychkov and Nataliya Lushnikova 163 Historic gardens and climate change. Conclusions and perspectives 323 Memory of the landscape: revela- Heiner Krellig tion through architecture and built environment at the Çamalti Saltern 177 The monastic landscape – carrier Işılay Tiarnagh Sheridan of memory and potential catalyst in conservation and adaptive reuse 333 Pre-Hispanic walkscapes processes of material and imma- in Medellín, Colombia terial heritage Juan Alejandro Saldarriaga Sierra Karen Lens and Nikolaas Vande Keere 345 The invisible and endangered land- 187 The missing landscape scape: the case of the margins of Yuanmingyuan: preservation of the Cascavel Stream in Goiânia, and revitalisation of a Chinese Brazil imperial garden Carinna Soares de Sousa Mingqian Liu and Almir Francisco Reis 195 Seeking the traces of a former mon- 361 Diamond mines shaping -astic landscape in the vicinity the South African landscapes of Samos Abbey (Galicia, Spain) Aleksandra Stępniewska Estefanía López Salas 369 (Un)wanted heritage in the 213 Landscape and national identity in cityscape – arguments for destruc- Portugal tion or reuse. The case of the city Fernando Magalhães of Kaunas Ingrida Veliutė 225 The city that penetrates the sky Romano Martini and Cristiano Luchetti 379 The Nordic Pavilion projects at the 2016 Venice Biennale. 231 Siting penal heritage: a history of Scandinavian approach Wellington’s prison landscape to architectural landscape Christine McCarthy Anna Wiśnicka 243 Phantom heritage: Thingstätten 389 Architecture in the cultural land- and “sacred” landscapes of the -scape of the Prądnik Valley Third Reich Dominik Ziarkowski Louis Daniel Nebelsick * 265 21st Century Garden with exhibition pavilion in Royal Łazienki Museum 403 Notes on authors in Warsaw Ewa Paszkiewicz Phantom heritage: Thingstätten and “sacred” landscapes of the Third Reich Louis Daniel Nebelsick An aspect of invisible and unwanted heritage, that England.4 The term was revived by 19th century German I would like to address in this paper, is “phantom herit- romantics looking for the endemic roots of their rustic age”, that is the long-term impact of landscapes altered democratic ideals. At that time, traditional Thingplätze by manipulation and lies. As an example, I would like to (village assembly places) were enclosed and marked with discuss Thingstätten, huge open-air theatres built in Na- stones illustrating their imagined antiquity. After the turn tional Socialist (henceforth Nazi) Germany between 1933 of the 20th century, and particularly after the First World and 1937, which hosted quasi-religious rituals and highly War, gatherings bearing the name were implemented stylized theatre productions, called Thingspiele, literally by a variety of nationalist movements, including youth with casts of thousands, including marching and singing groups whose Things mainly amounted to scouts’ jambo- actors, armatures and involved spectators. Moreover, rees held under the open sky. Among Völkisch ideologues these vast venues purported to emulate occupy and/or the term Thing gradually became a catchphrase for ritu- revive Germanic sacred sites. While clearly we are dealing alized meetings, many of them mass events, with politi- with a permutation of the phenomenon of invented tra- cal, religious and increasingly performative overtones. ditions1, they cannot easily be dismissed as spurious. The The term Thingspiel itself emerged in left wing Roman Nazis´s highly effective use of cutting edge technological Catholic youth groups describing semireligious theatri- means to achieve irrational ends have left all but indelible cal productions aimed at influencing large audiences. As traces of Thingstätten in the landscapes in which they these mass events could obviously not take place in the massively impacted the fabric of German society in the cramped confines of village Thingplätze, they were con- mid-1930s and in some cases, continue to do so today. vened in sport arenas, parade grounds and meadows. Before starting with my descriptive interpretation of At that time particularly, left-wing quasi-theatrical mass these remarkable structures I would like to explain words events drew the attention of theatre director’s eager to that will be left in German throughout this paper. One break out of the stuffy bourgeois corner and appeal to term Völkisch – literally “of the people” – while sounding mass audiences, leading to major innovations, like Erwin innocuous in translation, denotes an influential ideology Piscator´s and Berthold Brecht’s “epic theatre”5, but also which emerged in late 19th century Central Europe and to semi-theatrical embellishments of political events. reached a fever pitch in the confused post First World These involved choric performances, stylized dialogues War years. Its heterogenous components include, among and declamations, mannerized choreographies, starkly others, neo paganism, nativism, chauvinism, xenophobia, schematic backdrop architecture, if any at all, and solic- anti-urbanism and fanatical antisemitism.2 While it has ited audience participation. All of these elements were long been fashionable to belittle theVölkisch movement plagiarized by the Nazis for their Thingspiele, many of as a lunatic fringe phenomenon preying on the fears which were especially commissioned for the opening of a skittish petit bourgeoisie, modern research shows ceremonies of their venues.6 The Third Reich’s foremost that its popular resonance was enormous and stresses dramaturge Rainer Schlösser, described the Thingspiele its crucial contribution to Nazism. The terms Thinglatz as “a drama that intensifies historical events in order to (pl. Thingplätze), the larger Thingstätte (pl. Thingstät- create a mythical,