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RECENT LITERATURE Edited by John A J. Field Ornithol., 62(2):279-291 RECENT LITERATURE Edited by John A. Smallwood NEW JOURNAL 1. Bird Conservation International. This new journal is the productof the Inter- national Council for Bird Preservation (ICBP). The aim of Bird Conservation International is to "publish original papersand reviewsdealing with the conservationof birds in the wild and their habitats.It seeksto promoteworldwide researchand conservationaction to ensure the protectionof birdlife and fragile environments.Specifically targeted articles and rec- ommendationsby leading expertsencourage positive conservation steps toward resolving the current global problemsof many bird speciesand their habitats."The first volumewill includearticles on the problemthat rats poseto island conservation,the impact of hunting pressureon guillemotsin Greenland, a national conservationstrategy for the Yemen Arab Republic, wetland conservationpriorities in the Pacific,conservation of birds in the threat- ened forestsof Upper Guinea and the Comoros Islands, and status reports for several threatenedavian species. Bird ConservationInternational is publishedquarterly for ICBP by CambridgeUni- versityPress. Contributing members of ICBP's World Bird Club are eligible for discounted subscriptionrates. Inquiries regardingindividual and institutional subscriptionsshould be directedto CambridgeUniversity Press, 40 West 20th Street,New York, NY 10011 (United Statesand Canadaonly) or CambridgeUniversity Press, The EdinburghBuilding, Shaftes- bury Road, CambridgeCB2 2RU, United Kingdom.--John A. Smallwood. BANDING AND LONGEVITY (see also 4, 6, 25) 2. Life expectancyand age structure of the fetal pigeon Columba livia forma domestica.[Lebenserwartung und Altersstrukturder StrassentaubeColumba livia forma domestica.]D. Haag. 1990. Ornithol. Beob. 87:147-151. (German, English summary.)-- Fetal pigeonshave a much shorterlife expectancythan thoseof domesticpopulations. The mean life expectancyfor a fetal populationin Basel,Switzerland, was 2.4 years,compared to a meanof 5 years,and maximum of 15 years,for domesticpopulations. The shorterlife expectancyof city pigeonsis attributedto the extremeconditions of city life. There were no significant differencesbetween males and females, but the oldest birds were from the outskirtsof the city. [Weiherhofstrasse141, 4054 Basel, Switzerland.I--Robert C. Beason. MIGRATION, ORIENTATION, AND HOMING (see 23, 24) POPULATION DYNAMICS (see also 2, 1S) 3. Osprey productivity on Long Island 1978-1987: a decadeof stabilization.M. S. Fishmanand M. Scheibel.1990. Kingbird 40:2-9.--This studyfocuses on the productivity of a breedingpopulation of Osprey (Pandionhaliaetus) on Long Island, New York. This populationdeclined severely between 1948 and 1972 due to useof DDT. In 1972, the EPA bannedthe use of DDT. Following this legislation,the Osprey beganto recoversteadily and the first populationgrowth was observedin 1977. Data collectedfrom 1978 to 1987 indicatethat productivityhas stabilizedand the populationis maintainingitself. [17 Mort Lane, Brookhaven, NY 11719, USA.]--Lori A. W. Duncan. 4. Population dynamicsof the Skylark Alauda arvensisin intensively cultivated farmland in central Switzerland. [Populationdynamikder FeldlercheAlauda arvensis in einer intensivgenutzten Agrarlandschaft des schweizerischen Mittellandes.] M. Jenny. 1990. Ornithol. Beob.87:153-163. (German, Englishsummary.)--A populationof Skylarkswas studiedduring 1983-1987 on a 93-ha studyarea in the Reussvalley. An averageof 62% of color-bandedmales and 29% of the color-markedfemales returned in subsequentyears. 279 280] RecentLiterature J.Field Ornithol. Spring 1991 Only 4.5% of the birds hatchedin the study area returned to it. Basedon mortality rates of the adults and estimatedemigration rates of young birds, the author feels that the populationis graduallydeclining. [Madetswilerstrasse 3, 8332 Russikon,Switzerland.]-- Robert C. Beason. 5. Fluctuationsand long-term trends in nestboxoccupancy by songbirdsin the Baselregion, and their usefulness.[Schwankungen und langfristigeTrends der Nistkasten- Besetzungsanteileyon Singv6gelnin der Region Baselund ihre Aussagekraft.]M. Blattner and C. T. Speiser.1990. Ornithol. Beob. 87:223-242. (German, English summary.)--Over 20 yearsof nestboxdata were comparedbetween Nuthatches (Sitta europaea), Great Tits (Parusmajor), Pied Flycatchers(Ficedula hypoleuca), Redstarts (Phoenicurus phoenicurus), and Tree Sparrows(Passer montanus) for 11 studyareas within 20 km of Basel.There was no correlationof populationsize for any speciesacross all studyareas, although Great Tits and Nuthatchesshowed similar fluctuationsfor many sites,indicating that the population dynamicsof thesespecies can differ betweennearby populations.There was no correlation in populationsizes in almostall of the 98 combinationsof speciesand sites,indicating that mostspecies' population sizes fluctuated independently from one another.[Weinbergstrasse 62, CH-4102 Binningen,Switzerland. I--Robert C. Beason. 6. Survival rates and mortality factors of Florida Sandhill Cranes in Georgia. A. J. Bennett and L. A. Bennett. 1990. No. Am. Bird Bander 15:85-88.--The authors studiedthe nonmigratoryFlorida Sandhill Crane (Grus canadensispratensis) in the Oke- fenokeeSwamp, Georgia, where the populationof 400 birdsis notsubject to huntingpressure. Forty-fourcranes, captured by rocket-nettingand taggedwith leg band radio transmitters, were locatedon at leastthree daysper week betweenMarch 1986 and March 1988. Of the eightdeaths that occurredduring this period, five were attributable to predationby bobcats, one to predationby an alligator,one to an undeterminedpredator, and one to an unknown cause.Most deathsoccurred during spring, adult malesexhibiting the significantlylowest survivalrate (0.80) duringthat season.No deathsof radio-taggedcranes occurred during winter. Mean annualsurvival for all craneswas 0.89. The meantime betweentagging and deathwas 252 days.[Coop. Fish and Wildlife ResearchUnit, Schoolof ForestResources, Univ. of Georgia,Athens, GA 30602, USA.]--John A. Smallwood. NESTING AND REPRODUCTION (see also 3, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20) 7. Using phenologyto predict commencementof nestingof female SpruceGrouse (Dendragapuscanadensis). D. M. Keppie and J. Towers. 1990. Am. Midi. Nat. 124:164- 170.-The authors used plant phenologicalevents and dates of snow cover over 15 years in New Brunswick and Onta.rio, Canada, to predict the date at which female SpruceGrouse begin to lay and hatch eggs.Nesting was not initiated as early as suitable nest substrate becameavailable, but rather at an averageof 17.2 days following the date that 50% of the snowpackhad melted. Temporary resumptionof snowcover above 50% did not delay nest initiation. The dateson which the first flowersof blueberry (Vacciniumaugustifolium Air.) and trailing arbutus (Epigaearepens L.) appearedalso served as a goodpredictor of median egg-layingdates, as well as median hatch dates.Relative variancesof egg-layingand hatch datesamong years were similar to the varianceof the phenologicalevents forementioned. These data provide circumstantial evidencethat the timing of Spruce Grouse nesting is influencedby the timing of plant development.[Dept. of Biologyand Forest Resources, Univ. of New Brunswick, Bag Service#44555, Fredericton,NB E3B 6C2, Canada.]-- Danny J. Ingold. 8. Egg recognition by Elegant Terns (Sterna elegans).F. C. Schaffner.1990. Co- lonial Waterbirds 13:25-30.--Egg recognitioncapabilities generally have beenassumed for speciesof crestedterns which nestcolonially and haveindistinct nests and single-eggclutches. Schaffnerreports on egg recognitionexperiments with Elegant Terns involving acceptance or rejectionof a foreignegg. The 1980-1981 study,conducted in San Diego Bay, California, involvedadding foreign (donor) eggsto 60 nestsafter periodsof 1-18 days of incubation. Donor eggswere matchedfor shape,size, weight, color,and pattern to residenteggs. Of 30 Vol.62, No. 2 RecentLiterature [281 eggsdonated after 1-5 daysof incubation,over half were accepted.All 30 donatedafter six or more days of incubationwere rejected.No residenteggs were rejected.There was no significantdifference in hatchingsuccess for accepteddonor and resident eggs, but the fiedging successof donor chickswas significantlyless. Schaffnerconcludes that the experiments clearly demonstrateElegant Tern egg recognitionabilities, althoughthey are not complete until after the fifth day of incubation.He further suggeststhat a tern's ability to recognize its egg is related to the problem of locatingits nest in a densecolonial, synchrous nesting situationwith indistinctnest sites,rather than to brood parasitismor egg dumping.The acceptanceof someforeign eggs early in incubationsupports the hypothesisof eggrecognition by learning.[Dept. of Natural Resources,P.O. Box 5887, Puerta de Tierra, San Juan, PR 00906, USA.]--William E. Davis, Jr. 9. Reproductivebiology of a finch community in a "Mugetum" on the Rhaetian Alps (Sondrio,Italy). [Biologiariproduttiva di una comunita'di Fringillidi in un Mugeto delle Alpi Retiche (Sondrio).] F. Maestri, L. Voltolini, and F. L. Valvo. 1989. Riv. Ital. Ornitol. 59:159-171. (Italian, English summary,figure and table captions.)--Data on nest- ing phenologyand nestsites are presentedfor Chaffinch(Fringilla coelebs,three nests),Citril Finch (Serinuscitrinella, 17 nests), Linnet (Cardueliscannabina, one nest), Redpoll (C. flammea, 16 nests),and Red Crossbill (Loxia curvirostra,10 nests)in a subalpinezone dominatedby Swissmountain pine
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