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3 Realization of Tem and Ter Projects' Master Plan ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE TRANS-EUROPEAN RAILWAY (TER) PROJECT UNITED NATIONS UNECE TER PROJECT MASTER PLAN - JULY 2006 1 ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE TRANSPORT DIVISION TRANS-EUROPEAN MOTORWAY (TEM) AND TRANS-EUROPEAN RAILWAY (TER) PROJECTS’ MASTER PLAN UNITED NATIONS UNECE TER PROJECT MASTER PLAN - JULY 2006 2 ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE NOTE The designation employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitations of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations. UNECE TER PROJECT MASTER PLAN - JULY 2006 3 ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE TABLE OF CONTENTS NOTE ..............................................................................................................................................................3 PREFACE .......................................................................................................................................................6 SUMMARY ....................................................................................................................................................7 1. UNECE TEM AND TER PROJECTS’ MASTER PLAN ........................................................................11 1.1 Introduction .........................................................................................................................................11 1.2 Review of the development of TER Project ........................................................................................12 1.3 TER Environment in Europe ...............................................................................................................81 1.4 TER Project Strategy/Action plan .....................................................................................................131 2. SOCIO-ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK OF TEM AND TER REGION AND ALTERNATIVE SCENARIOS OF GROWTH ......................................................................................................................141 2.1 Basic Assumptions ............................................................................................................................142 2.2 Economic and social characteristics of the countries in the TEM and TER region...........................142 2.3 Alternative Scenarios of Growth .......................................................................................................189 2.3.1 Population trends ........................................................................................................................189 2.3.2 Economy trends ..........................................................................................................................190 2.3.3 Foreign trade trends....................................................................................................................191 2.3.4 Transport trends..........................................................................................................................192 3. METHODOLOGY ON EVALUATION AND PRIORITIZATION OF INFRASTRUCTURE/INVESTMENT NEEDS..........................................................................................195 3.1 Objective ...........................................................................................................................................195 3.2 Projects Identification Phase..............................................................................................................195 3.2.1 1st Level: Relevance of Project ..................................................................................................195 3.2.2 2nd Level: Readiness of Project .................................................................................................197 3.2.3 3rd Level: Viability of Project....................................................................................................197 3.3 Forecasting Phase .............................................................................................................................197 3.4 Evaluation of Projects Phase .............................................................................................................198 3.5 Prioritization Phase............................................................................................................................199 4. REALIZATION OF TEM AND TER PROJECTS’ MASTER PLAN ...................................................201 4.1 TEM and TER Projects’ Master Plan Results per Country ...............................................................201 4.2 TEM and TER Projects’ Master Plan Results per Country Group ....................................................210 4.3 TEM and TER Projects Master Plan Total Results ...........................................................................212 4.4 Identification of TEM and TER Bottlenecks.....................................................................................213 5. TEM AND TER PROJECTS’ MASTER PLAN BACKBONE NETWORK AND ADDITIONAL LINKS .........................................................................................................................................................217 5.1 TEM Master Plan Backbone Network: Backbone Links, Additional and Missing Links and TEM Extensions ...............................................................................................................................................218 5.2 TER Network: Backbone Links and Missing Links..........................................................................223 6. FUNDING CONSIDERATIONS, FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS, TECHNICAL AND INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS FOR TEM AND TER PROJECTS’ MASTER PLAN IMPLEMENTATION .....................................................................................................................................................................227 6.1 Estimation of Financial Resources Available for TEM and TER Network Implementation.............227 6.2 Remarks on the perspectives to construct the TEM and TER Region Backbone Networks..............230 6.3 Projects’ Technical Priorities, Financing Priorities and Feasibility and Funding Considerations.....233 7. BORDER CROSSING ISSUES FOR TEM AND TER NETWORK.....................................................340 7.1 TEM Border Crossing Issues.............................................................................................................340 7.1.1 Inventory of border crossing problems (Road)...........................................................................340 7.1.2 Recommendations for improvement...........................................................................................341 7.2 TER Border Crossing Issues..............................................................................................................343 7.2.1 Inventory of border crossing problems (Rail).............................................................................343 7.2.2 Recommendations for improvement...........................................................................................343 7.2.3 Future actions needed to bring border control in line with Schengen regulations or EU Directives as identified by TER Ad-hoc working group on facilitation of border crossings procedures..............345 UNECE TER PROJECT MASTER PLAN - JULY 2006 4 ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE 8. CONCLUSIONS / RECOMMENDATIONS..........................................................................................350 9. THE WAY AHEAD................................................................................................................................352 ANNEXES ..................................................................................................................................................353 ANNEX I – TEM MASTER PLAN MAPS ............................................................................................353 ANNEX II – TER MASTER PLAN MAPS............................................................................................360 ANNEX III – SOCIOECONOMIC STATISTICS..................................................................................388 ANNEX IV – TRANSPORT STATISTICS............................................................................................397 ANNEX V – EVALUATION/TECHNICAL PRIORITISATION RESULTS .......................................411 ANNEX VI – INVESTMENT-TIME PLAN/ FINAL PRIORITISATION RESULTS..........................425 ANNEX VII –LIST OF PARTICIPANTS IN TEM AND TER PROJECTS’ MASTER PLAN WORK .................................................................................................................................................................445 ANNEX VIII – LETTER OF MINISTER OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF GEORGIA ..........450 UNECE TER PROJECT MASTER PLAN - JULY 2006 5 ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE PREFACE The United Nations Trans-European Motorway (TEM) and Trans-European Railway (TER) projects’ Master Plan has been a unique undertaking. It was made possible thanks to the commitment, skills, and conviction of the UNECE TEM and TER Projects’ Central Offi ces (PCOs), the external consultants and the designated experts of the countries concerned. Two expert groups, one for road and one
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