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Recovery Plan for the Nationally Endangered Jumping-Jack Wattle Acacia Enterocarpa

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Recovery Plan for the Nationally Endangered Jumping-Jack Wattle Acacia Enterocarpa Recovery Plan for the Endangered Jumping- Jack Wattle Acacia enterocarpa (2011) A Recovery Plan prepared under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC, 1999). Cite as: Moritz, K.N. and Bickerton, D.C. (2011). Recovery Plan for the Nationally Endangered Jumping-Jack Wattle Acacia enterocarpa. Report to the Recovery Planning and Implementation Section, Australian Government Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Canberra. Department for Environment and Natural Resources, South Australia. ISBN 978-0-9806503-8-9 © Department for Environment and Natural Resources. SA This publication is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Government of South Australia. Requests and inquiries regarding reproduction should be addressed to: Department for Environment and Natural Resources GPO Box 1047 ADELAIDE SA 5001 Note: This recovery plan sets out the actions necessary to stop the decline of, and support the recovery of, the listed threatened species or ecological community. The Australian Government is committed to acting in accordance with the plan and to implementing the plan as it applies to Commonwealth areas. The plan has been developed with the involvement and cooperation of a broad range of stakeholders, but individual stakeholders have not necessarily committed to undertaking specific actions. The attainment of objectives and the provision of funds may be subject to budgetary and other constraints affecting the parties involved. Proposed actions may be subject to modification over the life of the plan due to changes in knowledge. Copies of this Recovery Plan are available at: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/recovery-list-common.html and from: Senior Ecologist, Threatened Species and Ecological Communities Nature Conservation Branch Department for Environment and Natural Resources PO Box 1047 Adelaide SA 5000 Cover photograph: Acacia enterocarpa in flower at Aberdour Conservation Park. By Tim Croft (Department for Environment and Natural Resources, SA). Table of Contents Part 1. Species Information and General Requirements 1 1.1 Species Conservation Status and Taxonomy........................................................................ 1 1.2. Objects of the EPBC Act........................................................................................................ 1 1.3. International Obligations ........................................................................................................ 2 1.4. Affected Interests ................................................................................................................... 2 1.5. Roles and Interests of Indigenous People ............................................................................. 2 1.6. Benefits to other Species/Ecological Communities ............................................................... 2 1.7. Social and Economic Impacts................................................................................................ 3 Part 2. Distribution and Location 4 2.1. Current Distribution and Important Sub-populations.............................................................. 4 Past Distribution ................................................................................................................................ 10 2.2. Habitat Critical to the Survival of the Species...................................................................... 10 Part 3. Threats and Impediments to Recovery 11 3.1 Biology and Ecology Relevant to Threatening Processes ................................................... 11 3.2 Identification of Threats........................................................................................................ 11 3.3 Areas under Threat ..............................................................................................................14 Part 4. Objectives, Recovery Actions and Performance Criteria 16 4.1 Previous Recovery Actions .................................................................................................. 16 4.2 Objectives............................................................................................................................. 17 4.3 Actions Required.................................................................................................................. 17 4.4 Evaluation of Success or Failure ......................................................................................... 22 4.5 Performance Criteria ............................................................................................................23 Part 5: Management Practices 26 Part 6: Duration of Recovery Plan and Estimated Costs 27 Table 4 Duration and Indicative Costs ..................................................................................... 27 References 28 Appendices 30 Appendix I List of current and potential Regional, State and National stakeholders in the management of Acacia enterocarpa............................................................................................. 30 Appendix II Plant associations in which Acacia enterocarpa has been recorded in Australia. 31 Abbreviations ARC Agricultural Research Council, South Africa CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species CP Conservation Park DEH Department for Environment and Heritage, South Australia (now DENR) DENR Department for Environment and Natural Resources, South Australia (previously DEH) DSE Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria DSEWPaC Australian Government Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities DTEI Department for Transport, Energy and Infrastructure, South Australia EP Eyre Peninsula EPBC Act Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 F&FG Act Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature NPW Act National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 NRM Natural Resource Management RT Recovery Team for Acacia enterocarpa** SA South Australia SE South East of South Australia SENRM South East Natural Resource Management Board spp species (plural) ssp subspecies syn synonym TFO Threatened Flora Officer TPAG Threatened Plant Action Group Vic Victoria ** An Acacia enterocarpa Recovery Team will be established through this recovery planning process. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the following people who greatly assisted in the development of this National Recovery Plan: Peter Copley, Jody Gates, David Hinchliffe, Randall Johnson, Philip Keane, Glenn Rudolph, Yvonne Steed, Wendy Stubbs, David Thompson, Dale Tonkinson and Roman Urban. Funding for the preparation of this plan was provided by the Australian Government. Part 1. Species Information and General Requirements 1.1 Species Conservation Status and Taxonomy 1.1.1 Current Conservation Status: Acacia enterocarpa (R.V. Smith) is listed as nationally Endangered under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act, 1999 (EPBC Act). It is listed as Endangered in South Australia on Schedule 7 of the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 (NPW Act), and Endangered in Victoria under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act, 1988 (F&FG Act). It should be noted that listings under the NPW Act are advised by the status of a taxon according to criteria set by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). According to currently available data Acacia enterocarpa warrants listing under criteria EN B2a and b(v), since the area of occupancy remains less than 500 km2 and there has been observed population decline at known sites. 1.1.2 Taxonomy: Family name: Leguminosae Scientific name: Acacia enterocarpa Common Name: Jumping-Jack wattle Acacia enterocarpa is a small dense prickly much-branched spreading shrub to 1.5 m high and 1.5 m wide (Whibley 1980; Jessop and Toelken 1986). Branchlets are asperulate, reddish brown and ribbed (Cowan & Maslin, 2001). Phyllodes are linear 2 – 4.5 cm long, 1- 1.3 cm wide and straight or slightly curved, with 10-12 distinct raised asperulate nerves. Phyllodes have a sharp reddish-brown rigid tip. Flowers are bright yellow globular balls, axillary and generally occur in pairs. Flowers occur as 20 together on peduncles approximately 5 mm long (Whibley, 1980). Flowering occurs between May and October (winter – spring) (Whibley, 1980). Pods are typically a zigzag shape, undulate to +/-2 cm long and 2 mm wide, conaceous, brown with thickened yellow margins and sparsely appressed, puberulous (Whibley 1980; Cowan & Maslin 2001). The common name, jumping-Jack wattle, is derived from the pod resembling a jumping jack cracker. Seeds are longitudinal, oblong to elliptic +/- 3 mm long (Whibley, 1980). Acacia enterocarpa is closely related to A. hexaneura, which has persistent, spinose stipules, longer, 6-nerved phyllodes and less contorted pods (Cowan & Maslin, 2001). It is also similar in appearance to A. nyssophylla and A. colletioides, but differs from both by its asperulate-ribbed branchlets and phyllodes, as well as by its strongly plicate pods having seeds with smaller, whitish arils (Cowan & Maslin, 2001). 1.2. Objects of the EPBC Act d) Promoting a co-operative approach to the protection and management of the environment involving governments, the community, landholders and indigenous peoples. Successful implementation of this recovery plan is dependent on the
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