Annual Report 2010
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The Scientific Legacy of Fred Hoyle Edited by Douglas Gough Frontmatter More Information
Cambridge University Press 0521824486 - The Scientific Legacy of Fred Hoyle Edited by Douglas Gough Frontmatter More information The Scientific Legacy of Fred Hoyle Fred Hoyle was a remarkable scientist, and made an immense contribution to solving many important problems in astronomy. Several of his obituaries commented that he had made more influence on the course of astrophysics and cosmology in the second half of the twentieth century than any other person. This book is based on a meeting that was held in recognition of his work, and contains chapters by many of Hoyle’s scientific collaborators. Each chapter reviews an aspect of Fred Hoyle’s work; many of the subjects he tackled are still areas of hot debate and active research. The chapters are not confined to the discoveries of Hoyle’s own time, but also discuss up-to-date research that has grown out of his pioneering work, particularly on the interstellar medium and star formation, the structure of stars, nucleosynthesis, gravitational dynamics, and cosmology. This wide-ranging overview will be valuable to established researchers in astrophysics and cosmology, and also to professional historians of science. Douglas Gough is the Professor of Theoretical Astrophysics, and Director of the Institute of Astronomy, at the University of Cambridge. He is an honorary professor at the University of London, an adjunct fellow at the University of Colorado, and a visiting professor of physics at Stanford University. His main research interest is the internal dynamics of stars. © Cambridge University -
Events in Science, Mathematics, and Technology | Version 3.0
EVENTS IN SCIENCE, MATHEMATICS, AND TECHNOLOGY | VERSION 3.0 William Nielsen Brandt | [email protected] Classical Mechanics -260 Archimedes mathematically works out the principle of the lever and discovers the principle of buoyancy 60 Hero of Alexandria writes Metrica, Mechanics, and Pneumatics 1490 Leonardo da Vinci describ es capillary action 1581 Galileo Galilei notices the timekeeping prop erty of the p endulum 1589 Galileo Galilei uses balls rolling on inclined planes to show that di erentweights fall with the same acceleration 1638 Galileo Galilei publishes Dialogues Concerning Two New Sciences 1658 Christian Huygens exp erimentally discovers that balls placed anywhere inside an inverted cycloid reach the lowest p oint of the cycloid in the same time and thereby exp erimentally shows that the cycloid is the iso chrone 1668 John Wallis suggests the law of conservation of momentum 1687 Isaac Newton publishes his Principia Mathematica 1690 James Bernoulli shows that the cycloid is the solution to the iso chrone problem 1691 Johann Bernoulli shows that a chain freely susp ended from two p oints will form a catenary 1691 James Bernoulli shows that the catenary curve has the lowest center of gravity that anychain hung from two xed p oints can have 1696 Johann Bernoulli shows that the cycloid is the solution to the brachisto chrone problem 1714 Bro ok Taylor derives the fundamental frequency of a stretched vibrating string in terms of its tension and mass p er unit length by solving an ordinary di erential equation 1733 Daniel Bernoulli -
The Royal Astronomical Society
ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Burlington House, Piccadilly London W1J 0BQ, UK T: 020 7734 4582/ 3307 F: 020 7494 0166 [email protected] www.ras.org.uk Registered Charity 226545 C(2017/02) 2.1 Minutes of the Council Meeting of 9th December 2016 Professor John Zarnecki, Professor Ian Crawford, Dr Nigel Berman, Professor Yvonne Elsworth, Professor Don Kurtz, Professor Hiranya Peiris, Professor Christine Peirce, Dr Mandy Bailey, Dr Lyndsay Fletcher, Professor Martin Bureau, Miss Jane MacArthur, Dr Stacey Habergham, Professor Mike Bode, Dr Paul Daniels, Professor Giovanna Tinetti, Professor Michael Watson, Dr Catriona Jackman, Dr Sheila Peacock, Professor Sara Russell. 1. INTRODUCTION/APOLOGIES The Executive Director advised that Professor Brad Gibson will not be attending as he and his family had been involved in a road traffic accident. Council passed on their best wishes. 2. MINUTES AND MATTERS ARISING The Minutes of the meeting of 14th October 2016 were approved with one change: under Treasurers business the net cost incurred to the Society for NAM 2016 was £22 407. The following points were raised under matters arising: Professor Mike Bode advised that the joint EWASS & NAM meeting will be held on the 3rd to 6th April 2018 in Liverpool. The Executive Secretary had asked Sarah Matthews to confirm if UCL were able to support NAM 2019. The impact of leaving the EU will be discussed at forthcoming Astronomy and Geophysics fora. Council will be asked to consider a paper on additional resources for IT and information management in February 2016. The librarian had arranged tours of the Annexe and a display of Society treasures for new members of Council. -
Le Livre Des Univers
Facebook : La culture ne s'hérite pas elle se conquiert Copyright Dunod, 2012 Réalisation de la couverture : Quat’coul Conception de la couverture : Raphaël Tardif Le code de la propriété intellectuelle n'autorisant, aux termes des paragraphes 2 et 3 de l'article L122-5, d'une part, que les « copies ou reproductions strictement réservées à l'usage privé du copiste et non destinées à une utilisation collective » et, d'autre part, sous réserve du nom de l'auteur et de la source, que « les analyses et les courtes citations justifiées par le caractère critique, polémique, pédagogique, scientifique ou d'information », toute représentation ou reproduction intégrale ou partielle, faite sans consentement de l'auteur ou de ses ayants droit, est illicite (art; L122-4). Toute représentation ou reproduction, par quelque procédé que ce soit, notamment par téléchargement ou sortie imprimante, constituera donc une contrefaçon sanctionnée par les articles L 335-2 et suivants du code de la propriété intellectuelle. Facebook : La culture ne s'hérite pas elle se conquiert À Tilly Pour qui bien des univers sont à venir Facebook : La culture ne s'hérite pas elle se conquiert Préface Comment peut-on écrire univers au pluriel ? Ne s'agit-il pas d'une « contradiction dans les termes » ? Peut-on donner sens à un « multivers » ? Envisager sérieusement ces éventualités est le défi que relève John Barrow dans cet ouvrage singulier. Écrit par l'un des grands spécialistes internationaux de cosmologie théorique, éminent chercheur de l'Université de Cambridge, ce livre est essentiellement inclassable. Il ne s'agit ni d'un pur récit historique, ni d'une simple vulgarisation scientifique, ni d'une exclusive spéculation philosophique. -
Annual Report 2006
ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY TRUSTEES’ REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2006 1. REFERENCE AND ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION Patron Her Majesty the Queen Council Members The Council is elected in accordance with the terms and conditions laid down in the Society’s Royal Charter and its associated byelaws. Members of Council are the Society’s charity trustees. The Officers of the Royal Astronomical Society, who are elected members of Council, comprise the President, the Treasurer and three Secretaries. The Council members who served during 2006 were: Professor K Whaler (President until May 2006) Professor M. Rowan-Robinson (President from May 2006) Professor P Murdin (Treasurer) (re-elected from May 2006) Dr M.A. Hapgood (Secretary) Professor I.D. Howarth (Secretary) Dr H.J. Walker (Secretary) (re-elected from May 2006) Professor M.M Grady (Vice-President until May 2006) Dr R.C. Smith (Vice-President until May 2006) Professor D W Hughes (Vice-President) Professor E. Priest (Vice-President) Professor R.L. Davies (Vice-President from May 2006) Professor D. Gubbins (Vice President from May 2006) Professor M E Bailey (Councillor) Dr A.J. Ball (Councillor from May 2006) Professor M.A. Barstow (Councillor) Professor A.M. Cruise (Councillor from May 2006) Dr L. Fletcher (Councillor from May 2006) Dr S.F. Green (Councillor until May 2006) Professor T.W. Hartquist (Councillor May 2006 –December 2006) Professor J.H. Hough (Councillor from May 2006) Dr J. Mitton (Councillor) Dr A.M.S. Richards (Councillor until May 2006) Mr I.W. Ridpath (Councillor) Professor E.I. Robson (Councillor) Professor M.J. Rycroft (Councillor) Mr J.D. -
The Oxford Handbook of the History of Modern Cosmology Edited by Helge Kragh and Malcolm S
Frontispiece Frontispiece Edited by Helge Kragh and Malcolm S. Longair The Oxford Handbook of the History of Modern Cosmology Edited by Helge Kragh and Malcolm S. Longair Print Publication Date: Mar 2019 Subject: Physical Sciences Online Publication Date: Apr 2019 (p. ii) Frontispiece Frontispiece: The whole-sky map of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) as observed by the Planck satellite of the European Space Agency (ESA). The image shows largescale structures in the Universe only 380,000 years after the Big Bang. It en codes a huge amount of information about the cosmological parameters which describe our Universe. (Courtesy of ESA and the Planck Collaboration) Page 1 of 1 Copyright Page Copyright Page Edited by Helge Kragh and Malcolm S. Longair The Oxford Handbook of the History of Modern Cosmology Edited by Helge Kragh and Malcolm S. Longair Print Publication Date: Mar 2019 Subject: Physical Sciences Online Publication Date: Apr 2019 (p. iv) Copyright Page Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © Oxford University Press 2019 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted First Edition published in 2019 Impression: 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. -
The Observatory Founded in 1877 by Sir William Christie, Astronomer Royal
The Observatory Founded in 1877 by Sir William Christie, Astronomer Royal EditEd by D. J. SticklanD R. W. ARgyle S. J. Fossey eDitors 1877–2014 W. H. m. Christie 1877–1882 P. J. d. Gething 1954–1956 E. W. maunder 1881–1887 d. W. dewhirst 1956–1957 A. m. W. downing 1885–1887 A. Hewish 1957–1961 t. lewis 1885–1887 W. R. Hindmarsh 1957–1961 and 1893–1912 b. E. J. Pagel 1961–1962 A. A. Common 1888–1892 J. E. baldwin 1961–1962 H. H. turner 1888–1897 d. mcNally 1961–1963 H. P. Hollis 1893–1912 C. A. murray 1961–1966 S. Chapman 1913–1914 P. A. Wayman 1962–1964 A. S. Eddington 1913–1919 R. V. Willstrop 1963–1966 F. J. m. Stratton 1913–1925 R. F. Griffin 1963–1985 H. Spencer Jones 1915–1923 J. b. Alexander 1964–1965 J. Jackson 1920–1927 S. V. m. Clube 1965–1966 W. m. H. Greaves 1924–1932 K. b. Gebbie 1966–1968 J. A. Carroll 1926–1931 W. Nicholson 1966–1973 G. merton 1928 d. lynden-bell 1967–1969 W. H. Steavenson 1929–1933 C. Jordan 1968–1973 H. W. Newton 1929–1936 R. G. bingham 1969–1972 R. o. Redman 1932–1935 m. V. Penston 1972–1975 R. v. d. R. Woolley 1933–1939 S. J. burnell 1973–1976 W. H. mcCrea 1935–1937 d. H. P. Jones 1973–1977 H. F. Finch 1936–1947 P. J. Andrews 1975–1983 A. d. thackeray 1938–1942 G. G. Pooley 1976–1984 G. C. mcVittie 1938–1948 R. -
Curriculum Vitae of Hiranya V. Peiris Research Interests Academic
Curriculum Vitae of Hiranya V. Peiris Research Interests Theoretical and observational cosmology; cosmic microwave background; large scale structure; early universe physics; galaxy evolution; stellar dynamics; Bayesian statistics; machine learning; computational methods. Academic Record Nov 2003: Doctor of Philosophy: Astrophysics, Princeton University Title: “WMAP First Year Results: Cosmological Parameters and Implications for Inflation” Advisor: Prof. David N. Spergel Jun 2001: Master of Arts in Physics, Princeton University Jun 2000: Master of Arts in Astrophysics, Princeton University 1994-1998: Bachelor of Arts and Master of Science in Natural Sciences (Physics) 1st Class Honours, University of Cambridge Research Record Sep 16 – present: Director, Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Stockholm Sep 16 – present: Professor in Cosmoparticle Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University Oct 15 – present: Professor of Astrophysics, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University College London Oct 12 – Sep 15: Reader, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University College London Oct 09 – Sep 12: University Lecturer, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University College London Oct 09 - Sep 12: STFC Advanced Fellowship, held at University College London Oct 08 - Sep 09: Junior Research Fellowship, King's College, Cambridge Oct 07 - Sep 09: STFC Advanced Fellowship, held at Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge University Oct 04 - Sep 07: Hubble Postdoctoral Fellowship (NASA/STSci), held at the University of Chicago Oct 04 - Sep 07: Enrico -
Donald Lynden-Bell CBE 5Th April 1935 – 6Th February 2018 Elected FRS 1978
Donald Lynden-Bell CBE 5th April 1935 – 6th February 2018 Elected FRS 1978 Neil Wyn Evans Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK 30 March 2020 Abstract Donald Lynden-Bell’s many contributions to astrophysics encompass general relativity, galactic dynamics, telescope design and observational astronomy. In the 1960s, his papers on stellar dynamics led to fundamental insights into the equilibria of elliptical galaxies, the growth of spiral patterns in disc galaxies and the stability of differentially rotating, self-gravitating flows. Donald introduced the ideas of ‘violent relaxation’ and ‘the gravothermal catastrophe’ in pioneering work on the thermodynamics of galaxies and negative heat capacities. He shared the inaugural Kavli Prize in Astrophysics in 2008 for his contributions to our understanding of quasars. His prediction that dead quasars or supermassive black holes may reside in the nuclei of nearby galaxies has been confirmed by multiple pieces of independent evidence. His work on accretion discs led to new insights into their workings, as well as the realisation that the infrared excess in T Tauri stars was caused by protostellar discs around these young stars. He introduced the influential idea of monolithic collapse of a gas cloud as a formation mechanism for the Milky Way Galaxy. As this gave way to modern ideas of merging and accretion as drivers of galaxy formation, Donald was the first to realise the importance of tidal streams as measures of the past history and present day gravity field of the Galaxy. Though primarily a theorist, Donald participated in one of the first observational programs to measure the large- scale streaming of nearby galaxies. -
Niels Bohr 31 Wolfgang Pauli 41 Paul Dirac 47 Roger Penrose 58 Stephen Hawking 68 Schrodinger
Philosophy Reference, Philosophy Digest, Physics Reference and Physics Digest all contain information obtained from free cites online and other Saltafide resources. PHYSICS REFERENCE NOTE highlighted words in blue can be clicked to link to relevant information in WIKIPEDIA. Schrodinger 2 Heisenberg 6 EINSTEIN 15 MAX PLANCK 25 Niels Bohr 31 Wolfgang Pauli 41 Paul Dirac 47 Roger Penrose 58 Stephen Hawking 68 Schrodinger Schrodinger is probably the most important scientist for our Scientific Spiritualism discussed in The Blink of An I and in Saltafide..Schrödinger coined the term Verschränkung (entanglement). More importantly Schrodinger discovered the universal connection of consciousness. It is important to note that John A. Ciampa discovered Schrodinger’s connected consciousness long after writing about it on his own. At the close of his book, What Is Life? (discussed below) Schrodinger reasons that consciousness is only a manifestation of a unitary consciousness pervading the universe. He mentions tat tvam asi, stating "you can throw yourself flat on the ground, stretched out upon Mother Earth, with the certain conviction that you are one with her and she with you”.[25]. Schrödinger concludes this chapter and the book with philosophical speculations on determinism, free will, and the mystery of human consciousness. He attempts to "see whether we cannot draw the correct non-contradictory conclusion from the following two premises: (1) My body functions as a pure mechanism according to Laws of Nature; and (2) Yet I know, by incontrovertible direct experience, that I am directing its motions, of which I foresee the effects, that may be fateful and all-important, in which case I feel and take full responsibility for them. -
Cambridge.Nucleosynthesis.And
This page intentionally left blank NUCLEOSYNTHESIS AND CHEMICAL EVOLUTION OF GALAXIES Second Edition The distribution of elements in the cosmos is the result of many processes, and it provides a powerful tool to study the Big Bang, the density of baryonic matter, nucleosynthesis and the formation and evolution of stars and galaxies. This text- book, by a pioneer of the field, provides a lucid and wide-ranging introduction to the interdisciplinary subject of galactic chemical evolution for advanced under- graduates and graduate students. It is also an authoritative overview for researchers and professional scientists. In this textbook many exciting topics in astrophysics and cosmology are covered, from abundance measurements in astronomical sources, to light element produc- tion by cosmic rays and the effects of galactic processes on the evolution of the elements. Simple derivations for key results are provided, together with problems and helpful solution hints, enabling the student to develop an understanding of results from numerical models and real observations. This new edition includes results from recent space missions, including WMAP and FUSE, new material on abundances from stellar populations, nebular analysis and meteoric isotopic anomalies, and abundance analysis of X-ray gas, and several extra problems at the end of chapters. NUCLEOSYNTHESIS AND CHEMICAL EVOLUTION OF GALAXIES Second Edition BERNARD PAGEL Visiting Professor of Astronomy University of Sussex Emeritus Professor of Astrophysics at NORDITA Copenhagen CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521840309 © B. -
Stephen William Hawking: a Biographical Memoir
Stephen William Hawking CH CBE 8 January 1942 – 14 March 2018 Elected FRS 1974 Bernard J. Carr1, George F. R. Ellis2, Gary W. Gibbons3, James B. Hartle4, Thomas Hertog5, Roger Penrose6, Malcolm J. Perry3, and Kip S. Thorne7.∗ 1 Queen Mary College, University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK 2 University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa 3 DAMTP, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK 4 Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, 93106, USA 5 Institute for Theoretical Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium 6 Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Andrew Wiles Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK 7 Theoretical Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA 20 December 2018 Abstract Stephen Hawking’s contributions to the understanding of gravity, black holes and cosmology were truly immense. They began with the singularity theorems in the 1960s followed by his discovery that black holes have an entropy and consequently a finite temperature. Black holes were predicted to emit thermal radiation, what is now called Hawking radiation. He pioneered the study of primordial black holes and their potential role in cosmology. His organisation of and contributions to the arXiv:2002.03185v1 [physics.hist-ph] 8 Feb 2020 Nuffield Workshop in 1982 consolidated the picture that the large-scale structure of the universe originated as quantum fluctuations during the inflationary era. Work on the interplay between quantum mechanics and general relativity resulted in his formulation of the concept of the wavefunction of the universe. The tension between quantum mechanics and general relativity led to his struggles with the information paradox concerning deep connections between these fundamental areas of physics.