E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 104 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION

Vol. 141 WASHINGTON, FRIDAY, MAY 19, 1995 No. 84 House of Representatives The House was not in session today. Its next meeting will be held on Monday, May 22, 1995, at 12 noon. Senate FRIDAY, MAY 19, 1995

(Legislative day of Monday, May 15, 1995)

The Senate met at 8:45 a.m., on the RECOGNITION OF THE ACTING Pending: expiration of the recess, and was called MAJORITY LEADER Hutchison (for Domenici) amendment No. 1111, in the nature of a substitute. to order by the President pro tempore The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Mrs. HUTCHISON. Mr. President, I [Mr. THURMOND]. acting majority leader is recognized. watched, as I am sure many people in SCHEDULE America did, last night and all day yes- Mrs. HUTCHISON. Mr. President, PRAYER terday, I guess starting at noon, the this morning the leader time has been two sides debating probably the most reserved and the Senate will imme- The Chaplain, Dr. Lloyd John important vote we will take maybe in diately resume consideration of Senate Ogilvie, offered the following prayer: our lifetime. Concurrent Resolution 13, the budget Lord of all life, Sovereign of this Na- The balanced budget amendment, I resolution. felt, was the most important vote be- tion, we ask You to bless the women Under the previous order, a rollcall cause that would set a framework for and men of this Senate as they press on vote will occur this morning at 10:45 on us, for the future generations to make to express their convictions on the the Domenici amendment, the text of sure that in our framework of Govern- soul-sized fiscal issues confronting our which is President Clinton’s budget. ment we would not allow one genera- Nation. That will be the only rollcall vote tion to put in debt future generations. today. However, the Senate will remain In these days of discussion, when pri- So while I reserve that vote as the in session in order to debate the con- orities must be set and differences are most important vote, nevertheless, current budget resolution. sharply focused, we need a special what we are doing today is imple- measure of Your grace. In the debate f menting the balanced budget amend- over what it will take to balance the RESERVATION OF LEADER TIME ment that did not pass. budget, and when and how this can be The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Under We are taking up for consideration a achieved, there will be strong disagree- the previous order, the leadership time budget resolution that will balance by ment. We will need Your wisdom and is reserved. the year 2002. I was watching C–SPAN this morning Your guidance to practice the fine art f of creative compromise, so that the and I saw a recap, I guess, of the debate budget will reflect what is best for our CONCURRENT RESOLUTION ON on the House floor yesterday. They THE BUDGET Nation both now and for the future. were talking about Democrats holding up pictures of the elderly and Repub- Liberate us from the polarities of pre- The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Under licans holding up pictures of children suppositions that keep us from moving the previous order, the Senate will now resume consideration of Senate Con- saying, basically, that is where the ar- toward consensus. Help each Senator guments are—that the Democrats are to speak the truth as he or she sees it, current Resolution 13, which the clerk will report. going for the senior citizens and the listen carefully to differing points of The legislative clerk read as follows: Republicans are talking about pro- view, and then be willing to find work- A concurrent resolution (S. Con. Res. 13) tecting children. able solutions. Guide us through these setting forth the congressional budget for I think that they are saying to the days of discord and division and bring the United States Government for the fiscal senior citizens, ‘‘We do not think you us to a resolution in which there is no years 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002. will be responsible.’’ I think that is victor except the people of this Nation. The Senate resumed consideration of what the Democrats were saying on the In Your reconciling name. Amen. the concurrent resolution. House side. ‘‘We do not think you will

∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor.

S6949

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VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S6950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 be responsible with our money. We tunity, and more hope than any nation We will hear a lot of demagoguery want you to vote for making sure that has provided any people in the history about how terrible everything is, and we continue all of these programs, of the world. what the Senator from Texas is doing business as usual,’’ and I do not think This great country of ours can be in is focusing on positive effects of get- the seniors of America are saying that jeopardy unless we do at least two ting to a balanced budget. at all. things. We must provide an adequate Today we have the opportunity to de- In fact, one of the callers on the show defense to protect this country. That is bate this. This is the President’s budg- called in from Florida, and the woman essential. We must protect ourselves et that he sent up here earlier this said, ‘‘I am a senior and I want my against the enemies who will destroy year. It is for fiscal year 1996, and it grandchildren to have a balanced budg- democracy and freedom in this world. calls for in his budget, as we see by this et. I want them to have the same kind The next is, we must have a sound fi- chart, the red line calls for budget defi- of America that I have had. I do not nancial system. We have not balanced cits of around $200 billion a year. That want to be a senior that plunges our this budget but one time in 32 years. is what his budget numbers call for, country into debt and will not take the Eight times in 64 years. That can bring using the Office of Management and responsible position.’’ destruction. We are not being fair to Budget. I think if there is an effort to pander our children, our grandchildren, and fu- As we know from the President’s to seniors, the people of this country ture generations. We must take steps State of the Union speech, it might are smarter than that, and especially to balance this budget. have been even his first State of the the seniors are smarter than that. I hope that we pass a budget this Union speech, he says we should not They are looking for the future of this year, pass it now, that will take steps use Office of Management and Budget country. They want to cut this growth to bring sanity to this country’s fi- numbers. Those are not the right num- in spending so that we will have a fu- nances. bers to use. We should use the Congres- I love this country. I want to do ev- ture for their children. sional Budget Office, they are the bet- We have been talking about cuts, erything I can to preserve it. We can ter estimator, they have been shown to preserve it if we stop this big spending. cuts, cuts. I must remind everyone in be more correct over time. They would We have been spending more than we this debate we are not talking about be the ones that we should use in all have been taking in for all these years. cutting. We are talking about less in- budget debates. We have to stop it and stop it now. Given that fact, the purple line is the creases, fewer increases. We are talk- Mrs. HUTCHISON. Mr. President, I actual CBO estimate of what the Clin- ing about a 7-percent increase in Medi- want to say I yield to no one in my ad- ton budget, this budget right here, this care, which we believe is a responsible miration for the senior Senator from budget will project out. Budget deficits rate of growth for Medicare. South Carolina. In fact, it will save the system for fu- I just want to say he is an example of starting around $170 billion this year, ture generations. That is in question if just what I was talking about. If he going up to almost $275 billion by the we do not take the steps now to give would not mind my calling him a sen- year 2000. And then up even further, up innovative alternatives to the Medi- ior Senator or senior citizen, he is the to over about $300 billion by the year care system we have now so that we kind of senior citizen, as a Senator, 2002. He is going to add, with this budget— will be able to say by the year 2002 the who is leading the effort toward doing if we approve this budget today, we Medicare trustees were wrong. It is not the responsible thing. going broke. They were wrong because This is a distinguished veteran of will add $1.2 trillion to the debt, to the we did what we needed to do with their World War II who understands the im- national debt. That is the solution of- warning and we saved the system. portance of a strong national defense. I fered by the White House. Further defi- I hope in the year 2002 that I will be am going to join with him later today cits, increasing deficits, further mort- here along with many Members who or next week to try to strengthen the gaging of our country’s future, further will take the responsible position for defense part of this budget resolution. mortgaging of our children’s future. our country to celebrate that our Medi- All Members are going to make our That is the leadership. care and Social Security systems are arguments. We are going to say what The President of the United States is intact for our seniors because we have our priorities are. I know that the Sen- seen by the world as having the moral done the responsible thing. More im- ator from South Carolina who chairs authority to lead the world. We are, in portantly even than that, that we have the Armed Services Committee, and I fact, the greatest country in the world. a balanced budget to give to our chil- believe we should have a stronger na- We are a country that is a leader dren and grandchildren, which is what tional defense element in this budget. among nations, and our President I think the seniors are expecting Mem- In the end, we are going to vote for a stands as the head of that country as bers to do. budget resolution that balances the the supreme leader in the world Mr. President, we are going to see de- budget of this country. today—leader—leadership. Is this lead- bate all day today in the Senate. We After everyone has spoken and every- ership? I suggest it is not. are going to see it on Monday and one’s priorities have been looked at So, as I said yesterday when I came Tuesday. We will have this monu- and considered, we are going to go with to the floor, I am going to come to the mental vote probably sometime the majority of this Senate. I appre- floor every day, and I am going to ask Wednesday. I want to commend the ciate the leadership of the Senator the President why he is refusing to House of Representatives for taking from South Carolina, and I appreciate lead, why he is refusing to take part in this step first. I want to say that I hope his words today, leading the charge for possibly the most historic debate that that my colleagues will follow so we the responsible effort that so many of we have seen in the last couple of dec- can make history for this country and the senior citizens of this country are ades here on the floor of the U.S. Sen- move toward this very important bal- expecting. ate, why he is abdicating his responsi- anced budget. Mr. THURMOND. I wish to thank the bility as the leader of the free world, I yield the floor at this time to the able Senator from Texas for her kind putting the country that is most im- Senator from South Carolina. remarks. portant to freedom for the world at The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Mrs. HUTCHISON. Now I yield to the risk by profligate spending, continued COATS). The distinguished Senator, the Senator from Pennsylvania. profligate spending. I think it is an act President pro tempore, the Senator The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- that is beneath the office, to stand on from South Carolina is recognized. ator from Pennsylvania is recognized. the sideline and throw barbs at those of Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I Mr. SANTORUM. Mr. President, I ap- us who are trying to accomplish the want to commend the able Senator preciate the Senator from Texas for goal that, if I recall, when he ran for from Texas for the excellent remarks yielding, and appreciate the fine job President he was going to do his best she just made. she is doing as to present an argument to accomplish, to balance this budget. We have the greatest nation in the as to why this balanced budget resolu- He said it in 1993 when he was putting world. It provides Americans more tion is so important to the future in forward his plan to raise taxes to help freedom, more justice, more oppor- this country. solve the deficit. ‘‘No hot air; show me

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6951 where,’’ is what he said when it came we are going to have the opportunity the balanced budget amendment debate to the Republicans’ plan for balancing to vote on the President’s budget later that they have the courage to support or reducing the budget. He did not on today. I am sure the Senator from a balanced budget and since the folks want any smoke and mirrors, he want- Pennsylvania and I will not be voting on the other side are so serious about ed a plan. for this budget. During the debate on getting to a balanced budget and see This is not a plan that gets you to a the balanced budget amendment I seem this as such an important thing, I can- balanced budget. Mr. President, you to recall a lot of our colleagues from not imagine then they would support have an obligation—you have an obli- the other side of the aisle, our Demo- this. gation to lead this country and to show cratic friends, asking us how we were Mr. KYL. Has the Senator seen any us where. So, I will put up, now, unfor- going to get to a balanced budget. They constructive suggestions from the tunately, day 2 of the days with no pro- argued they did not need to support a other side about how we might achieve posal to balance the budget from Presi- balanced budget constitutional amend- a balanced budget by the year 2002? dent Clinton. I will be here every day ment because they could do it on their Mr. SANTORUM. I imagine there will that we are in session, adding number own. They did not need a constitu- be several amendments. Of course, all after number after number, until we tional amendment. So our constitu- of them will be deficit neutral. I am reach 135 days, which is October 1 of tional amendment failed by one vote. sure they will not offer any amend- this year when the new fiscal year I do not recall—perhaps the Senator ments to raise the deficit or get us off starts and it is then basically too late from Pennsylvania could help me the glidepath here to zero. I am sure to do anything about it. here—I do not recall any budget having they are not going to be interested, Mr. President, we beseech you: Par- been submitted by a Senator on the since they have the courage over there ticipate. Take the job seriously. Get in- Democratic side of the aisle, a budget to make sure we get to this balanced volved in the process. Try to make a that will bring us in balance by the budget, they are not going to offer any difference. Show the American people year 2002 or any other year—am I mis- amendment that is going to increase you really do care about what happens taken? Have I missed something here? the deficit or throw us off this path. So to the future of this country. Mr. SANTORUM. No. I think the I am sure they will have constructive Mr. KYL. Mr. President, I wonder if Senator is right. I have not seen any suggestions about how we might tinker the Senator from Pennsylvania will budget being put forward either by the with this, and I look forward to debat- yield for a question? President, obviously, or by any Mem- ing those. But I do not think they are Mr. SANTORUM. I am happy to yield ber of the other side of the aisle that going to have any substitute proposal to the Senator from Arizona. gets us anywhere near zero within the that is going to get them to a balanced Mr. KYL. I ask the Senator from 7-year timeframe or, frankly, any time budget on a completely different tack. Pennsylvania, how much does the thereafter. I am actually pretty excited Mr. KYL. Of course, that is what I President’s budget show in annual defi- about this possibility, because having had reference to. If I could just ask the Senator from Pennsylvania one final cits every year? sat through the balanced budget debate question? I have listened to the debate Mr. SANTORUM. If we go back to the and listened to the numbers of Sen- over the last 10 or 12 hours here. Much previous chart, the purple line is the ators getting up and saying, ‘‘Look, we line that the Congressional Budget Of- of the debate has focused—— do not need the balanced budget Mr. SANTORUM. You are a brave fice has estimated will be the annual amendment. We can do this on our man. deficit under this budget, the Clinton own. We have the courage within us to Mr. KYL. Pardon? budget. It starts out at about—using make these decisions. We will stand up Mr. SANTORUM. I said you are a rough numbers because I do not have when the time comes to be counted,’’ brave man. them exactly—about $175 billion for so I am guessing, but I suspect we will Mr. KYL. I listened to part of it, any- this fiscal year, the one we are in right get all 54 Republican votes on this side way, although it gets a little repeti- now, increasing to over $200 billion in for this budget, I am hopeful that we tious. The argument I have heard dis- 1996, about $230 billion in 1997, about do that. If you add the 30, what, about cussed most from the Democratic side the same amount in 1998, and then up 35 or so Democrats who voted against of the aisle is about how they would around $290 billion for 1999 and 2000. the balanced budget, who, of course, like to spend the dividend that is cre- Mr. KYL. So over the 5 years of the have the courage now to stand up and ated by the fact that we balance the President’s budget, we are looking at say we are going to be for a balanced budget. an average of over $200 billion a year. budget, I think we will get 90 votes for In other words, the chairman of the Mr. SANTORUM. And going up. this. I think we can get close to about Budget Committee, Senator DOMENICI, Mr. KYL. And going up. 90 votes for this. We should. has done a very good job of putting this I further ask the Senator from Penn- If everyone who is serious—if you are thing together in such a way that after sylvania, according to my calculations, serious over there, if you really want a 7 years, because interest costs will be for every year that we have a $200 bil- balanced budget, if you really think reduced, we will actually have in effect lion deficit, the average young person you can make those tough choices, if a dividend of about $170 billion. While I in this country is going to have to pay you really are willing to stand up to have not heard any suggestion from an additional $5,000 in taxes, with the the American public and say we are the Democratic side about how they result that after 5 years of Bill Clin- willing, we can do it ourselves, we do would balance the budget, and they ton’s budgets that is a $25,000 tax bill not need any balanced budget amend- have certainly not indicated that they for the average young person in this ment to force us to make tough deci- would support the way that we will country? sions, we have the power within us to achieve that balance by the year 2002, I Mr. SANTORUM. The reason for that do that—then here it is. Let us do it. have heard a lot of discussion about is that is more debt we accumulate, Mr. KYL. May I ask the Senator from how they would like to spend the more interest we have to pay on the Pennsylvania a couple more questions money that we save. debt; interest that will be paid by chil- here? Mr. SANTORUM. Mr. President, it is dren being born today for the rest of So, the bottom line here is you have amazing—if the Senator will yield—I their lives. So that is where we come not seen a budget proposed on the remember we were in the House to- up with this number, that is not a Democratic side, and I have not seen a gether and we had the peace dividend. phony baloney number. This is actu- budget proposed on the Democratic Remember the peace dividend? That ally numbers we add to the debt that side. The only budget is the one pro- was the time the Soviet Union was we will have to borrow money for and posed by the President. I guess we will crumbling and we could cut our defense children in the future will have to pay have a chance to see whether our budget a little bit, and it turned out to interest on for the rest of their lives, if Democratic friends will support the be a lot. Therefore, we would save we continue this. President’s budget, because they have money. So we had a peace dividend. So Mr. KYL. Let me ask the Senator no other alternative. what did we do? We were running, by from Pennsylvania a couple of other Mr. SANTORUM. I cannot imagine the way, over $200 billion in annual questions here. It is my understanding they would because they said during deficits. But we had a dividend.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S6952 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 So what were we going to do? Spend So not only are they not willing to spend more money and how we have to it somewhere else. We were not going support our budget, but at the same get to balance. This just is not the to put this toward the debt; oh, no. time they are criticizing our budget, right way. They do not have a way, but This was a peace dividend that was they want to take the money that we this is not the right one. earned by the American public, and so save by our budget and spend that All I suggest to the Senators in this we have a right, here in the Congress, rather than returning it to the Amer- Chamber—and you want to listen—is to spend it. ican people. look at the big picture. Let us look at Here we are again. We get a dividend, Do I have this straight? Is that about our responsibility to the future of this according to the Congressional Budget the size of it? country, to the children of this coun- Office, by balancing the budget, and it Mr. SANTORUM. Mr. President, the try, to leave this country better off will come down to zero by the year Senator from New Hampshire is here, than it was left to us. We have a moral 2002. The Congressional Budget Office and he is on the Budget Committee. My obligation to do just that, to balance says they will change their economic understanding was during the budget this budget for future generations. assumptions to assume lower interest debates in committee that the Demo- I yield the floor. rates, lower inflation, and greater cratic Members had, most of the debate growth in the economy, which will on the committee was how to spend Several Senators addressed the mean less of a debt. So there will be a this $170 billion, whether we should do Chair. dividend. tax cuts or whether we should go out Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I yield 10 So what do we hear? Are we hearing, and spend a lot more money on a lot minutes to the Senator from Wis- ‘‘Well, we should put that toward the more programs. consin. deficit,’’ or ‘‘We should give people who I do not know if the Senator wanted Mr. GREGG. Mr. President, par- worked hard for this money some of to comment on that. It is my under- liamentary inquiry. that money back’’; in other words, let standing that they were just anxious to them keep the money they worked for? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- get at this pot of money so they could ator from Wisconsin is recognized, if he No, no, no. On the other side of the create some more spending here at the aisle, you will hear suggestion after will suspend for a question of the Sen- Federal level. ator. suggestion after suggestion how we I will be happy to yield. Mr. GREGG. I just arrived on the should spend this money because it is Mr. GREGG. Mr. President, if the floor. I understood there was an agree- our dividend. It is not yours, American Senator from Pennsylvania will yield, ment that at 9:15, we would go to the public; it is our dividend. We did this. he has put it absolutely correctly. Of statement on your side by Senator So we should take your money and those worthy amendments, the vast DODD. spend it on things that we think are majority of amendments—I have for- best. gotten the number, 17 amendments—of- Mr. EXON. Will the Senator repeat This is kind of ridiculous, having this fered by the members of the Demo- the question? kind of talk about let us get serious. cratic Party on the Budget Committee, Mr. GREGG. Mr. President, it was Let us get serious. This is not our and everyone wanted to spend the divi- my understanding that by 9:15, we money; this is your money. To suggest dend, which results from the lower in- would go to a statement by Senator that we could finally do something terest rates as a result of getting to a DODD on your side. that we were hired to do, which is to balanced budget. Mr. EXON. Is the manager of the bill get our house in order; that if we do Mr. SANTORUM. I want to make it on the Republican side trying to inter- our job, somehow we should get the absolutely clear. Of all of the amend- dividend, to go out and take more of fere with the lineup that we agreed to ments in the Budget Committee offered your money and spend it somewhere offer on this side? by the other side—— else? It is absolutely absurd. Mr. GREGG. No. Mr. GREGG. ‘‘All’’ may be too many, Mr. KYL. If I may conclude with this Mr. EXON. There was no agreement, but the vast majority. comment to the Senator from Pennsyl- to my understanding. I ask the Chair, Mr. SANTORUM. The vast majority vania, I think he certainly helped me was there an agreement as to who was of the amendments offered by the to understand this issue better than I to speak at what time? Last night as Democrats in the Budget Committee did. we left, I understood that we jointly were not how to get to a balanced I guess I would summarize it this yielded to allow your side to have the budget—were not. way: During the debate on the balanced first half hour of debate. Chairman Mr. GREGG. There were not any budget amendment, we said we think DOMENICI just came 2 minutes ago, 20 amendments offered as to how to get to we need a constitutional amendment seconds ago, and stood right here and a balanced budget. because, otherwise, too many people in said it is our turn now. I would give the Congress will not have the dis- Mr. SANTORUM. There was no sub- stitute offered as to how they would that advice to the manager of the bill cipline to make the tough choices to on the Republican side. Maybe I am bring the budget into balance. Most of get to a balanced budget. There were no amendments offered on how they wrong. But I ask the Chair if I am mis- our Democratic friends, many of them, taken and misunderstood the binding said, ‘‘No; we can do this on our own.’’ would change spending priorities. But the amendments were focused on what? agreement that had been previously en- Then the Senator from Pennsylvania tered into. said the only alternative to the budget The $170 billion dividend that the CBO The PRESIDING OFFICER. The that we have prepared, that brings us gives us by getting to a balanced budg- into balance, is a budget that the et, which assumes lower interest rates agreement previously entered into re- President proposed, that does not bring and more growth, how could they spend served time for the Senator from Ne- us into balance. According to the Sen- that money? braska from 10:15 until 10:30, and re- ator from Pennsylvania, as a matter of How can you take seriously people served time from 10:30 until 10:45 for fact, it averages deficits of over $200 coming to the floor during the bal- the managers on the Republican side. billion a year as far as this President anced budget debate, saying that they Mr. GREGG. I simply say we were has calculated it, and the trend is up have the courage to balance the budg- looking forward with great enthusiasm over $200 billion a year. That is about a et; they are willing to make the tough to hearing the Senator from Wisconsin $5,000 tax every year on each American. cuts, and when the bill actually comes and also the Senator from Connecticut, I learned from the Senator from to the floor to do that, all they do is and whatever order the leader of the Pennsylvania that, in addition to the focus in on how they are going to spend Democratic side, the manager of the fact that the Democratic side of the more money? It is almost incredulous bill on the Democrat Party side, wishes aisle here has proposed no alternative to me. to go forward with, that is fine with that will achieve a balance by the year You are going to hear speaker after this side. We were just trying to get 2002, the bulk of the discussion so far speaker on the other side of the aisle clarification of what was happening as has been how to spend the dividend talk about how terrible this is, and all to the priorities as we understood the that is created by our budget. their amendments will be on how to gentlemen’s agreement.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6953 The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the challenge is considered to be fair. help working families stretch their ator from Nebraska has yielded time to We need to balance the budget in a way precious dollars, the budget proposal the Senator from Wisconsin. that brings our Nation together in pur- before us reduces the earned-income The Senator from Wisconsin. suit of the common good and not in a tax credit by $21 billion. That is, it Mr. KOHL. I thank the Senator from way that would drive us apart in pur- raises taxes on our lowest income tax- Nebraska. suit of partisan political gain or just payers. And instead of offering con- Mr. President, as we debate the fiscal monetary gain for a few interests. structive suggestions on reducing the year 1996 budget, I would like to dis- Achieving solvency is vital to our huge medical costs that overwhelm our cuss some of the principles I hope this Nation’s strength, but solvency alone senior citizens, the budget before us in- year’s budget embodies. I believe these will not make us strong. After all, a cludes one-quarter of $1 trillion in un- are bipartisan principles that the ma- family is not strong only because its specified Medicare costs. jority of Americans and majority of checkbook balances. A family is strong The policy of the Republican budget Senators can support. because it has strong values. Our coun- for upper income taxpayers is exactly I would like to talk today about a try is the same. We need to balance our the opposite of this. It asks nothing budget that is balanced, both finan- books. But if we do so in a way that from upper income Americans and cially balanced and balanced in the pushes us apart, then we will find we wealthy corporations in our effort to sacrifices it asks Americans to make. have bought fiscal balance at the cost balance the budget. It allows tax ex- There is no question about our need to of values that make our democracy penditures which are special tax sub- get to a balanced budget—and to get to strong, values like equality of oppor- sidies that give benefit mostly to a balanced budget in 7 years—but we tunity and fairness and compassion. wealthy Americans and corporations to must get there in a manner that does As most of us know or should know, grow by almost 49 percent over the not do damage to our economy or to there exists a very disturbing trend to- next 7 years, faster than any other cat- the basic principles of our democracy. ward increasing inequality in our coun- egory of spending. We must balance the budget, but we try today. The wealthiest among us are In short, this budget gets to balance must do it in a way that is fair and is getting wealthier and everybody else is without any help from the 2 percent of perceived to be fair by all Americans. losing ground. Between 1973 and 1993, our wealthiest Americans who control That is my central criticism of the the wealthiest 20 percent of American the bulk of our country’s wealth and plan before us. It asks that the budget families saw their incomes increased 25 without help from the biggest corpora- be balanced entirely by sacrifices from percent while the poorest 20 percent tions that stand to gain the most from elderly Americans, middle-class and saw their incomes decline by 15 per- a reinvigorated economy. lower income Americans, and students, cent, all in real terms. And families in Mr. President, in my judgment, this and it asks nothing from the wealthi- the middle of the income distribution is not a fair plan. Working middle-in- est among us. in this country saw very little, if any, come families will not and should not I support a balanced budget. I voted increase in their average income over tolerate unremitting reductions in for the balanced budget amendment the same period. Today, 1 percent of their standard of living to finance spe- that was defeated earlier this year. the households in our country control cial-interest tax breaks. If we are to And I support a balanced budget by the about 40 percent of the Nation’s come together as a country to solve year 2002. I am pleased that we are wealth. Households that have net our deficit problem and if we are to starting this debate with the Budget worth above $180,000—the most well off come together as a bipartisan Congress Committee plan that gets to balance in 20 percent of American families—con- to balance the budget, we have to sup- 2002, and I hope that we end up with a trol a full 80 percent of America’s port a plan that asks something from budget that does, indeed, get to bal- wealth. And this trend is increasing. everyone. ance by 2002. This concentration of wealth is more I am ready to support such a plan. I We all know why it is essential to get by far than is found in any other indus- am ready to work with the Republican to the balanced budget. Simply put, trialized country. majority, Democrats, and anyone else our economic survival depends on it. Mr. President, our divisions are not who wants to balance the budget in a Our almost $5 trillion in Government just among income classes. They are fair and a balanced manner. It may not debt is money taken directly away among generations as well. Our pov- happen this week, but soon when we from private sector investment. The in- erty rate is 25 percent for children are all done scoring political points, terest payments that are now our third under 6 years old and only half of that Mr. President, I believe we will sit largest spending program are dollars for our senior citizens. down together and draft a budget that which are totally wasted. They are dol- These growing inequalities have pro- contains the best and the fairest pro- lars we cannot spend educating our duced a vicious and unproductive cycle posals from both parties. That will be a children, paving our roads, or providing because poor children are poor students budget that balances fiscally. It will tax relief to middle-income American and poor students are poor workers. also be a budget that is balanced in the families. And, just as bad, our mount- Poor workers are poor wage earners sacrifices it asks from all Americans ing Federal debt pulls up interest rates and poor producers, and no one wins in and in the opportunities that it pro- and threatens our standing as a world this sort of an economy. The inequality vides for all Americans. economic power. With each year of fuels the enemies of democracy, things I thank the Chair. deficits adding to that debt, we are like resentment and fear, anger, and The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who rolling the dice: Will this be the year misunderstanding. yields time? that the world turns its back on a In balancing the budget, we must not Mr. EXON addressed the Chair. country that cannot stop spending exacerbate these inequalities. We must The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- more than it takes in? balance our books but not by knocking ator from Nebraska. So there is no question that our cur- off balance the ladder of opportunity Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I have been rent fiscal irresponsibility is not sus- that should allow every American listening with keen interest to my tainable. There is no question that we working family to work toward a bet- good friend and associate from the have to balance the budget if we want ter life and a better standard of living. State of Wisconsin. We have worked to- to reassert control over our economy In my judgment, unfortunately, the gether on many things, and I thank and our destiny. The only question is Republican budget proposal moves us him very much for his kind and how are we going to achieve this bal- in the opposite direction. Instead of thoughtful remarks. Suffice it to say I ance. helping lower income children out of join with him again and appreciate his Balancing the budget is a huge un- the cycle of poverty by investing in appeal for some bipartisanship on this dertaking. It requires immediate re- education and child nutrition, this matter. We will continue to pursue ductions in Government services and budget slashes Medicaid for children, those goals. real sacrifices from the American peo- takes $14 billion out of student aid, and Has the Senator from Wisconsin fin- ple. I believe the American people will cuts $34 billion out of nutrition pro- ished his remarks or did he wish addi- respond to this challenge but only if grams. Instead of proposing ways to tional time?

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S6954 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 Mr. KOHL. I did finish. I was in the Navy and I visited Japan, Does the manager yield additional Mr. EXON. Mr. President, Senator there were 460 yen to the dollar. When time to the Senator? DODD is on his way to the Chamber President Clinton came into office, Mr. GREGG. Mr. President, I yield floor. I am prepared to make some re- there were 130 yen to the dollar. Before the Senator from Colorado an addi- marks. Is there someone on that side of the Democrats defeated the balanced tional minute. the aisle who wishes to speak at this budget amendment in the U.S. Senate, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- time? you can see the yen to the dollar ratio, ator from Colorado. I see the Senator from Colorado has somewhere a little above 97. When the Mr. BROWN. Mr. President, I think just come in. We would be very pleased Democrats defeated the balanced budg- the point needs to be made that these to yield on the basis that we generally et amendment, the yen-dollar ratio millionaires, who inherited their have, going back and forth on these plummeted. We had one of the biggest money and have the audacity to come matters. movements of current situations of any down and lecture Republicans who are working people, have misrepresented The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who time in our history. yields time to the Senator? Let me remind Americans that every the facts. To suggest that the Repub- lican budget provides tax cuts for the Mr. GREGG. I yield the Senator from working person in this country who millionaires is absolutely false. As a Colorado 5 minutes. buys a product produced overseas, matter of fact, the Boxer-Brown The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- there is an impact to that because it is amendment that is included in the ator from Colorado is recognized for 5 instant inflation, it is an instant in- budget document specifically addresses minutes. crease in cost, whether you buy oil Mr. BROWN. I thank the Chair. the question of tax cuts and specifi- products or you buy Japanese cars or cally allocates 90 percent of any tax Many Americans, as they listen to other products. this debate, will think this is just an- cuts that might come down for those What we saw was a world referendum working people who earn under $100,000 other discussion in Congress about a on American policy. And what hap- a year. Mr. President, the allegation budget with a lot of details. pened was one of the most dramatic that they make is absolutely false. Mr. President, it is not that. This is drops in the value of the dollar at any The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- a discussion of the future of the Na- time in our history. Within a few days, ator’s time has expired. tion. This is a discussion of whether we we lost 14 percent of the value of the Mr. BROWN. Thank you, Mr. Presi- follow the Clinton plan. Mr. President, U.S. dollar against the yen when the dent. the Congressional Budget Office, which Democrats defeated the balanced budg- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who the President has said is the right one et amendment. yields time? to decide these things, has evaluated But take a look at what happened, Mr. GREGG. Mr. President, what is the Clinton plan. The Clinton plan in- Mr. President, when Republicans the time situation? creases the deficit from under $200 bil- passed the balanced budget in the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The re- lion to in the neighborhood of $300 bil- House of Representatives. It reversed. maining time controlled by the Sen- lion by the end of the 5-year plan and You had one of the biggest increases in ator from New Hampshire is 8 minutes above $300 billion by the end of the 7- the value of the dollar in history. and 45 seconds. The time remaining to year plan if projections go on. Take a look at the headline. This is the Senator from Nebraska is 31 min- It is a debate between having a def- Friday, May 12, from the Washington utes and 27 seconds. icit at the end of 7 years of over $300 Times. The headline is simple and Mr. EXON addressed the Chair. billion, according to President Clinton, straightforward: ‘‘Dollar Jumps in Big- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- or a balanced budget according to the gest One Day Advance in Four Years.’’ ator from Nebraska. Republican plan. Mr. President, it is Mr. President, that is what has hap- Mr. EXON. Mr. President, my friend quite simply a question of whether or pened. That is what the difference in and colleague, Senator DODD, will be speaking in a very few moments. Let not we bankrupt this Nation or wheth- this is. er or not we put it back on sound foot- If you want to destroy the value of me take this time to make some re- marks on the procedures and what the ing. the dollar and you want to destroy the hopes are on this side of the aisle. Members have come to the floor and credibility of the United States in the Mr. President, I am very dis- talked about children. Mr. President, world economy, adopt the bankruptcy appointed by the amendment that is that is a fair evaluation. We ought to budget from President Clinton. And I before us, because I do not think it is ask about the impact of these budgets say that because it is perfectly accu- particularly helpful but it creates po- on children. I hope every person, Demo- rate. It is exactly where that budget litical drama. crat, Republican, or Independent, lib- heads us to. Yesterday I made a sincere offer to eral or conservative, will ask them- If you want to straighten it out and my Republican colleagues to work with selves what are the consequences of if you want a future for American citi- them to craft a bipartisan budget. I of- bankrupting our Nation. That is what zens, if you want our children to have fered the hand of friendship and the this question is all about. a chance to compete in the world mar- hand of reason. And please do not kid yourself. There ket, then you will adopt the Repub- This amendment, the first amend- is no alternative to the Republican bal- lican budget. ment offered by those on the other side anced budget plan. There is none, ex- Mr. President, I want to make one of the aisle, is a stinging rebuke to cept President Clinton’s bankruptcy other point, because I know time is that offer of bipartisanship. The Re- plan. Now that is the difference that is scarce. Mr. President, I am not a mil- publicans have decided to begin their being questioned here. lionaire. I admire those people who part of the budget debate with a bit of Hopefully, moderate Democrats will have done well. But, Mr. President, I political theater, and we have seen come together with a plan that also have listened over the last several days that tactic vividly displayed this morn- balances the budget. I personally would to a series of Democratic millionaires, ing. Theatrics and voice quivering dra- welcome it. I would be happy to look at many of whom inherited their money, matics is not the stuff of which reason- their alternatives. But that has not won and earned by someone else, come able debate and a sound budget is been presented. Not once, not once in to this floor and bash the Republican reached. They seem to want to deflect all the amendments that came up in budget because of how kind it is to mil- attention from the priorities in the Re- the Budget Committee was that of- lionaires. Now, being lectured about publican budget by setting up a straw fered. the evils of wealth from Democrats man and then knocking that straw Mr. President, does it make a dif- who inherited millions of dollars, I man down. ference with regard to whether or not think, challenges the credibility. But Time and time again in the debate we adopt the Republican plan? what challenges it even more is the this morning, we Democrats have been Let me point out in a world economy fact that they misrepresent what this accused by the majority, basically how the world reacted when they saw budget does. walking in lockstep, of wanting to Republicans were willing to turn this The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- make changes in the Republican-of- Nation around. As a young man, when ator has used the allotted time. fered budget, that we are trying to be

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6955 helpful and reasonable in offering A lot of things have happened since will choose not to blindly follow their changes as an attempt by the Demo- February 6. For one thing, we had a leadership and who will vote against crats to spend, spend, spend. thorough debate on the amendment to the Republican budget unless the hits, I think that anyone who has followed the Constitution that would have re- the unfair hits on some key proposals, the debate thus far would have to con- quired a balanced budget. As I said, I are reduced. If those on that side of the cede that we on this side of the aisle supported that amendment, and so did aisle want to call that irresponsible are not spending, spending, spending, nearly two-thirds of both Houses in re- spending—it is not true—they have to as has been accused in the theatrics corded votes. So, of course, the polit- live with their words. that have taken place thus far on the ical landscape has changed dramati- But the important part is that we floor of the Senate. What we are trying cally since the President submitted his to do is to be reasonable, to restore need to start with the budget that has budget on February 6. a chance of getting the votes to pass some of the cuts on some of the most As we stated on the floor of the Sen- and then work to improve that docu- needy programs, to not allow the budg- ate yesterday, there is a broad con- ment. The sooner we begin that proc- et offered by the Republicans to do ter- sensus in favor of balancing the Fed- ess, the sooner we will start to get rible harm in certain areas that I think eral budget by the year 2002. All of the something serious and constructive we and, basically, most of the Repub- amendments offered on this side of the done. The sooner we get to that proc- licans hold very, very dear. aisle in the Budget Committee and the ess, the sooner we will end the political We are trying to be reasonable, Mr. debate that was held there, and with theater. President. We are not trying to spend regard to what we will be offering later money. We are trying to alleviate some on today and next week, all are deficit Mr. President, I yield 20 minutes to of the draconian cuts in certain pro- neutral, as far as throwing us further my colleague from Connecticut. grams that we think are very vital to into debt, expanding the debt, and all The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the United States of America and the are designed to balance the budget by people that dwell happily therein. ator from Connecticut is recognized for the year 2002, which is the central Mr. President, I would simply say— 20 minutes. theme of the majority budget that has and I want to emphasize once again— been offered. I said some good things Mr. DODD. Thank you, Mr. Presi- that we on this side of the aisle have dent. Let me at the very outset thank not offered a single amendment on the about that yesterday. I just simply want to point out, Mr. my colleague from Nebraska, the rank- floor, nor did we as Democrats in the President, and have everyone under- ing member of the Budget Committee. Budget Committee offer a single stand that every single amendment Let me also express my gratitude to amendment that basically changed the that we offered in the committee and the chairman of the Budget Com- goal of balancing the budget by the which will be offered on the floor of the mittee, Senator DOMENICI, for whom I year 2002 and making some necessary have a high degree of respect and re- and painful cuts that we recognize and U.S. Senate, to my knowledge, would have balanced the budget just as quick- gard. I just want to say at the outset realize are vital if we are going to get that while I have disagreements with to that point of balancing the budget ly and at the same time as the Repub- lican-offered budget that seems to be the budget proposal as presented by the in the year 2002. Senate Budget Committee, the budget I noticed in the debate this morning sacrosanct in which no change, even one cent, can be made. We do not dis- presented by the majority party in this that there was much ado about nothing body is substantially better than the with regard to the continued reference agree about the goal of balancing the budget. What we disagree with is the budget presented by the majority in to the fact that those on this side of the other body. A great deal of atten- the aisle, and at least one on their side priorities, or lack thereof, that has been set and made part of the budget tion has been focused on the so-called of the aisle, prevented the balanced Republican budget, but I invite all to budget constitutional amendment to process that has been offered by the op- position. This is a debate we should be examine the significant differences pass. Well, this is a Senator that re- that exist between Republicans in the jects that proposal, rejects what I con- having, and I look forward to our pro- ceeding to that debate. other body and this body. There is a sider lack of reasoning, because as the substantial difference. Chair and everyone else in the Senate Because so much water has gone over knows, this Senator has long sought a the dam since then, I cannot support While I said at the outset that I have constitutional amendment requiring a the President’s budget as offered, and my disagreements with this particular balanced budget. I, and others on our certainly it is not a starting point, but product, I want to begin my remarks side of the aisle, supported that when it was something that the President by at least suggesting that the product it lost by only one vote on the floor. started and was required to do some that has been produced by the majority But we come back to the matter of months ago. I certainly was not enthu- on this side of the Congress is a far what is reasonable, what is possible, siastic about the President’s blueprint more honest proposal, with numbers what can be done. This confrontation when it was first offered. that I think are real. As I said in my opening remarks, we that I see we are running into on that Having said that, Mr. President, let on this side will offer perfecting side of the aisle is back to, I think, me also say that I am disappointed amendments to the Republican budget what can be pointed to as the failure that the first amendment to come up, to try to enter into a constructive link, if you will, of the budget offered to be offered by my friends on the process to improve the Republican by the Republicans which the Repub- other side, is to propose the President’s budget. In my view, the President’s licans seem to be defending at every budget. This is not a serious effort. turn in the road. You cannot move a budget should be handled in the same comma, you cannot dot an ‘‘i,’’ you manner, but we all know the fate of It is unfortunate, with a subject mat- cannot make a change. I do not believe that proposal. So there is no point ter as serious as this is, to begin the that that kind of theatrics that we whatsoever in attempting to amend it. process by putting forward a proposal have heard this morning, that kind of I have never been a Senator who that the President made and rec- rhetoric or that kind of what I consider blindly follows the President, regard- ommended—and that is what Presi- lack of reasoning is beneficial to get- less of party. In 1993, I worked hard to dents do, they recommend. Presidents ting us to a place where we can balance make changes in the President’s budg- do not sign these resolutions. There is the budget by the year 2002 and do it in et. As a result of those efforts, the pro- no Presidential participation and no a responsible fashion. posed cut in agriculture was signifi- room for a veto pen on a budget resolu- Congress received the administra- cantly reduced. I would not—I would tion. Unlike other matters that will tion’s budget on February 6. The Presi- not—have supported the President’s come before us, this is a matter for the dent, frankly, admitted that he invited budget then had it not been changed Congress. The law requires that we Congress to come forward with its al- along the manner that I suggested. deal with a budget resolution. Cer- ternative, and the Congress has, so I can only hope, Mr. President, that tainly the President’s voice and his pri- that we as a nation could begin our as this debate continues, there will be orities are critically important in any great discussion on the budget. some on the other side of the aisle who discussion involving the budget. But to

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S6956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 have as the first matter of business a Now, the first amendment offered by believes otherwise. But they are not proposal more designed to garner a the majority is an amendment that and should not be seen as our only headline than to deal with the under- brings up the President’s budget. So goal. Providing economic and military lying problems does not speak well for this looks more like theater than legis- stability, raising living standards, pro- the direction in which we begin this lating, and I regret that that is the moting adequate savings and invest- discussion. case. ment, and reacting appropriately to What will ultimately be critically It is clear that no Members of the unforeseen events are also critically important is that there be some con- majority here have any intention of important objectives. It is unrealistic sensus developed, hopefully, on these supporting the very resolution they to expect any great nation to achieve matters. That is the only way in this have asked us to vote on. So by defini- all of these goals in every given year. body that you can move the ball for- tion this substitute will fail. So why Yet, all are critically important goals ward at all. are we wasting our limited time debat- for any great nation. So I am disappointed that we are ing it, Mr. President? Why do we not This economic reality has not been consuming our limited time on an issue talk about what really matters in this our experience alone. According to that really has very little legislative country? commentator Kevin Phillips: relevancy at all and, therefore, de- A budget resolution, I point out, is Among the group of seven industrialized tracts from what we all should be en- much more than just a compilation of nations, the United States has either the gaging in, and that is a way to try to figures. Members of Congress are much lowest or second-lowest annual budget def- come to some consensus on these mat- more than green-visored number icit as a percentage of overall gross national product. ters. crunchers. A budget should be a road Earlier this year, our colleagues on map for the future of this Nation. It Having provided a historical perspec- the other side roundly denounced the plots the course we will follow as a tive, let us remember for a moment, at President’s budget as dead on arrival. country, and it should be the embodi- least, how we got into this present Apparently, it is not quite dead be- ment of our values and priorities as a mess that we now find ourselves in. If we go back to 1981 when President cause we are now considering it here. people. Reagan was the leader of our country, So it must be a bit like Lazarus. We The values in the majority budget, and there was a Republican Senate, the are going to raise it from the dead only the Republican budget plan, in my majority then promised to—and listen to try to kill it once more so we can view, are wrong. It treats our people to these words—‘‘cut taxes, increase achieve again the kind of headlines not as assets to be developed, but as defense spending, and balance the that will submit it to yet a further items in a spending cut process. It burns, in my view, the bridges that or- budget by 1984.’’ I am not making that death. Maybe we can go through this up, Mr. President. Those were the during the next week or so to kill it dinary Americans use, or hope to use, to cross over to a better life for them- words and language used more than a and raise it, kill it and raise it, if that decade ago. is going to advance the public aware- selves and their families. American politics is about change, The majority is now making a very ness and knowledge of the problems of Mr. President. But it is not about this similar argument for why we ought to our budget. Having been denounced kind of change. This debate should be accept the budget they have presented dead on arrival, it is apparently alive about how we build a stronger and a us with. It did not work in the 1980’s. and will shortly be dead again. richer America, not just fiscally, as im- Instead, as most Americans are aware, I see my colleague from New Hamp- portant as that is, but economically since 1984, we saw the national debt shire. Does he want to ask me to yield? and socially and morally, as well. quadrupled in this country. Mr. GREGG. I was just wondering, if Our fiscal year 1996 budget would be I might ask the Senator from Con- Using this standard, I believe the Re- publican budget proposal just does not in balance, Mr. President, if we were necticut, if it is the request of the Sen- measure up. not paying the interest on the debt ac- ator that we offer the President’s budg- I would like to take a few moments, cumulated during the Reagan-Bush et next week as our second amend- if I could, and provide some historical eras. We would be in surplus next year. ment? perspective on balanced and unbal- In January 1993 when the Governor of Mr. DODD. I say to my good friend anced budgets. Over the last decade, we Arkansas, who never served in Con- that I suspect if this keeps up, it may have had a tendency to look at our cur- gress, never served in the Senate, ar- be the second, third, and fourth amend- rent deficit and debt problems in isola- rived in town as our newly elected ments. Maybe it will be the gift that tion. President, what did he inherit? He in- keeps on giving, as we once described Contrary to popular perception, bal- herited a $327 billion deficit for that another amendment in the Budget anced budgets have not been a natural year alone. He had to, and was com- Committee. Nonetheless, it is dis- part of our national experience. There mitted to, clean up the fiscal train appointing to this Member that that is have been wide variations throughout wreck of the 1980’s. Just 27 days—not 38 the first matter of business that we the 200-plus-year history of our coun- days late under the law, but 27 days— have before us. try in spending patterns. We have had after being sworn in as the President of Let me say for the record—and, surpluses, Mr. President, as high as 102 the United States, President Clinton again, I say this more in sorrow than percent of Federal spending in 1835, and submitted a detailed budget plan that anything else—the budget proposal deficits as great as 89 percent of Fed- contained more than $500 billion in def- that is before us, the product of the eral spending in 1862, during the height icit reduction; 27 days after coming Budget Committee, basically was craft- of the Civil War. We have run deficits into office, this former Governor of Ar- ed with one side alone being involved. in half of our last 200 years as a nation. kansas, who inherited the problem, The minority, our side, got our first Our current difficulties, I point out, made difficult and painful choices. The look at this budget last week—38 days are small relative to deficits that our choices, in fact, were so hard that not late, I might point out, by the law. Nation has experienced in the past. In a single Republican Member of this This comes almost 6 months to the day 1983, at the height of our current def- body supported his deficit reduction after our friends on the other side have icit problems, the Federal deficit was initiative. Instead, they attacked it either known they were in power or 26 percent of overall spending. It is now and said, ‘‘This is going to create eco- have assumed power. They announced about 13 percent. nomic havoc in the country and it is they would have a budget for us in De- This historical perspective is not de- going to destroy our ability to have a cember, January, February, March, signed, I point out, to diminish the se- growing economy.’’ April, and finally in late May, 38 days verity of our current deficit problems. Yet, we know the opposite has proved after the law requires it, the budget Quite to the contrary. Everybody to be the case. The President reversed was reported by the Budget Com- agrees that we must reduce our deficits the trend of the Reagan-Bush era. Then mittee. The budget was presented to and bring our budgets as close to bal- the national debt, as I pointed out a the minority just last week—a day and ance as possible. moment ago, was growing faster than a half after the Budget Committee Clearly, balanced budgets are desir- the economy of this country. Now our began its consideration of the proposal. able. I know of no Member here that economy, for the first time in a decade

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6957 and a half, is growing faster than the is nothing more than an effort to dis- cuts for the affluent on one hand, and debt of this country. That happened guise the problem rather than facing massive cuts in Medicare—by far the without a single Member of today’s up to it ourselves. Our colleagues pin largest in our history—that this is the majority voting for that deficit reduc- all their hopes on some outside group least bit equitable. The surveys in this tion plan. which will have the miraculous power country say that Americans would like The combined rates of unemployment to turn water into wine and to magi- to have a tax cut. Everybody would. and inflation have reached a 25-year cally extract $430 billion from Medicare But we think deficit reduction is more low. Now, do not believe me, do not be- and Medicaid without causing any pain important. And yet we will sacrifice lieve the talk you hear in the body of to anyone. Mr. President, it simply the people on Medicare, people on Med- the U.S. Senate; talk to the people on cannot be done. icaid, for a tax cut. What kind of bal- Main Street and Wall Street in this Let us assume for a moment that ance is that? What kind of fairness is country. The best evidence that Presi- this budget becomes law and that its that? That is not what people asked for dent Clinton’s budget plan provided the assumptions are carried out. What will in this country when they voted last kind of leadership that he said he the America of 2002 look like? This fall. would is evidenced by what happened budget may achieve balance. But, it Now, Mr. President, let me turn to to the economy over the last several would also, in my view, inflame our so- education, because that is also a crit- years. The marketplace is telling us cial and economic conditions. We may ical issue. It is the key to our society’s that he did the right thing—not polit- find the Holy Grail of a balanced budg- and our economy’s success. Ask any ical rhetoric, but the marketplace. et, but will we have suffered enormous person in this country what is the sin- The deficit is now at its lowest level casualties in the crusade to get our gle most important issue in many ways as a percentage of GDP than at any hands on it? and they will say an educated society. time in the last 15 years, about 2.7 per- Where will senior citizens be in the With income increasingly correlated cent. Again, that is not rhetoric. That year 2002? After decades of hard work, with educational achievement, it is is not talk. That is a fact. many will face retirement years full of quite obvious. According to the New In February, the President submitted anxiety over medical bills. Medicare York Times, the wage gap between col- his 1996 budget and recommended an recipients, who, I might point out, Mr. lege graduates and high school grad- additional $81 billion in deficit reduc- President, have a median income of uates doubled during the 1980’s. College tion. The President recommended con- $17,000 a year, will live in constant fear graduates used to earn about 30 percent solidating Federal programs, devolving that the next illness will bankrupt more than high school graduates. Federal functions to the States, them or worse. Seniors will face higher Today they earn 60 percent more than privatizing some functions that the deductibles, copayments, and pre- high school graduates. Labor Secretary Bob Reich reports private sector can perform at least as miums on the order of $900 a year as a that every year of post-secondary edu- well at a lower cost, and terminating result. many programs that have outlived We can say this is only a cut in cation or training boosts earning power by 6 to 12 percent. It is not just a ques- their usefulness. growth, but tell that to a person out in tion of learning something, it is also The President’s budget resolution the country who is living on $17,000 a economic power. It is the opportunity was not designed as an end point. The year or less. Let me point out, Mr. to climb out of a difficult situation President made eminently clear that President, 95 percent of the 35 million that a family may be in. Education is we cannot succeed in reducing our defi- people on Medicare have incomes of the key to success. At a time when we cits without reining in rising health $50,000 or less; 7.7 million of the 35 mil- should be devoting more resources to care costs. lion have incomes of $10,000 or less. the 21st century needs of this Nation, The identification of a $200 billion Last year, Medicare recipients paid in the year 2002 of this budget, we will deficit problem as long as the eye can almost $3,000 in out-of-pocket costs to- be spending a third less than we are see in the future is right. My colleague ward their medical expenses. This today—a third less, Mr. President—on from New Mexico has said that. He is budget proposal will ask them to pay education. correct. That $200 billion deficit item is $900 more on average; $900 more in Ask the American public whether or sticking out there. But why is it stick- Medicare costs. These people cannot af- not they think it is wise fiscal policy ing out there? It is sticking out there, ford that. to slash the education needs of middle- We have got to come up with better we all know the reason, because of ris- income families. Half of all college stu- answers to solve the overall Medicare ing health care costs. dents count on Federal financial aid to I say to my friends on the other side problem. Do not tell me it will not put themselves through school, but that the health care problem is not hurt. Do not tell me it will be painless. this budget puts them under the gun. going to go away by just talking about Every Member of this body has a By 2002, interest will start accruing Medicare. If we read the Contract With health care plan. If we get sick, we are on student loans while students are America—and again none of my col- covered. We have incomes of $135,000 a still in school. These cuts will lift high- leagues here signed the so-called con- year. To a person out there living on er education out of the reach of many tract—we cannot find the words $10,000, $15,000, $14,000, $16,000 or $20,000 of American families. A million stu- ‘‘health care’’ mentioned. The word a year, this kind of increase in their dents, Mr. President, will lose their Medicare does not show up in the con- out-of-pocket expenses hurts deeply. Pell grants. Other forms of financial tract. Yet we all know that health care We have to do a better job. aid will become scarce. is the 1,000-pound gorilla sitting out Medicare is not the cause of the prob- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time there that has to be addressed. lem, it is the symptom. It is one fea- of the Senator is expired. So the President, in his budget, rec- ture. To put all of our eggs in the Medi- Mr. DODD. Mr. President, I do not ognized that fact. He said last year we care/Medicaid basket and say we have see my colleague to ask for time. We did not get it done, we should try again now solved the health care problem is are out of time. this year and step up to the plate and to be totally unmindful of the mag- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time deal with the issue. nitude of this issue. of the Senator is expired. With all due respect to my colleagues Mr. President, when those who say on Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, on on the other side, the budget plan that the other side of the aisle, ‘‘Sorry, this that note, let me just say to the Amer- has been presented ducks the genuine is painful’’—but we have spread the ican people, there will not be 1 million health care reform issue. Instead, it pain widely, they are not being fair to Pell grants lost under the Senate pro- takes a meat ax to a Federal health or honest with the American people. I posal. We will prove that in due course, care program, cutting more than $430 say to my friend from New Mexico— but that is a nice way to end the Sen- billion from Medicare and Medicaid. and I respect him because he does not ator’s remarks, by making this com- The resolution provides no details of have the kind of tax cut in his proposal mitment and observation to the people. how these cuts are to be achieved, but that exists on the other side—but how I yield to Senator GRAMM 8 minutes. says instead we will appoint a commis- do we say to someone watching that The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. sion, a commission. That, in my view, House budget pass with massive tax THOMAS). The Senator from Texas.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S6958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 Mr. GRAMM. Mr. President, I thank their words simply do not have the ring percent a year, we can balance the our dear colleague from New Mexico of truth in them. budget over the next 7 years. for yielding. What has happened to the Federal Now, we have some people who say I want to make a couple of points budget? If we went back to 1950 and we that is enough; that is as hard a job as about the President and his budget and looked at the growth of Government’s we can do. I believe we can do better. I his lack of leadership. I will only make budget relative to the growth of the believe we should limit the growth of a few points, because the President has budget of the average family in Amer- Federal spending to about 3 percent a decided to make himself irrelevant to ica we see a very, very clear picture. year so we can do what the House has the number one issue in the Congress Government’s budget at the Federal done, balance the Federal budget and by submitting a budget that over the 1 level has grown 2 ⁄2 times as fast on av- cut spending further so we can let next 5 years has the deficit explode up erage as the budget of the average fam- working families keep more of what to almost $300 billion a year. Now, ev- ily in America since 1950. Let me con- they earn, and so we can provide incen- erybody has to understand that rep- vert that into something I think people tives for job creation and economic resents a total lack of leadership. will understand. If you went back to growth. Now, let me begin by talking about 1950 and you had the Federal Govern- the President’s budget 2 years ago. It ment’s budget grow at the rate that Our people need less Government and was a budget that raised taxes by $252 the family budget has grown in Amer- more freedom. They need the oppor- billion, taxed Social Security benefits ica, our Government today would be tunity to spend more of their own on Social Security families that were one-third its size. If the family budget, money on their own children. We need earning over $30,000 a year, taxed gaso- beginning in 1950, had grown as fast as incentives for job creation. We can do line, imposed a massive tax on small the Government budget has grown, the that by adopting a budget which bal- business. Yet what happened to the def- average working family in America ances the budget but which cuts spend- icit? It went up. The deficit is rising. would be earning $128,000 a year today. ing further so we can let people make If we went back and took away Bill Now, I think if you ask most people investments. Clinton’s tax increase and took away if they would rather have that America I hope on Tuesday to give Members the spending increases that have oc- or the one we have now, I think most an opportunity to both balance the curred since he has become President, Americans would prefer to have that budget and to cut spending further so the deficit would be lower today if America. But what the President is we can let people keep more of what there had been no tax increase and no proposing, what our Democratic col- they earn. spending increase. So it is true that leagues are proposing, is more of the Republicans voted against the Clinton The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time budget because it raised taxes, and same. The President is so committed to of the Senator has expired. preserving the Government he knows raised spending more than it raised Under the agreement of 15 minutes taxes. and loves, programs which he has a po- litical and emotional attachment to, on each side before the vote at 10:45, I think it is also important, since the Senator from Kentucky. many people are going to talk about that it does not matter that in the last defense—we won the cold war. We tore 40 years those programs have failed. It Mr. FORD. Mr. President, I yield my- down the Berlin Wall. We liberated does not matter that people on welfare self, on behalf of the ranking member Eastern Europe. We changed the world are poorer, more dependent, and less of the Budget Committee, 1 minute. through the leadership of Ronald happy today than they were in 1965. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Reagan. The President’s answer is more spend- ator from Kentucky. But if every penny of defense savings ing on welfare. Mr. FORD. Mr. President, those not since 1985 had gone to deficit reduction It does not matter that Medicare is familiar with the workings of the Sen- instead of being spent, we would have a going broke and a bipartisan commis- ate might find it strange that the first balanced budget today. So not only sion, appointed by President Clinton, amendment offered by proponents of have we spent every penny of massive says that by the year 2002, we will not this budget resolution is one they will increases in taxes, but Congress and be able to pay the bills because the av- vote against. the President have spent every penny erage retired couple is going to end up of defense savings since we won the having expenses of over $110,000 more Let me explain why. Last night, I cold war. over their lifetime than we have in the heard one of the most disrespectful Finally, in terms of Medicare, I will system to pay for their benefits. The speeches I have ever heard on the Sen- tell you one thing about our Demo- President says not to worry about it; ate floor. I saw one of the most dis- cratic colleagues and that is they are 2002? I guess President Clinton figures respectful charts I have ever seen. willing to take an issue where they he will be out of office and the roof will What I saw was disrespectful of the have no standing and cloak themselves fall on somebody else’s head. This President of the United States person- in righteousness on it. When the Presi- budget worries about it. ally and of the office of the Presidency. dent proposed a 1,300 page bill to have How do we deal with deficits? Basi- The amendment before us is a further the Government take over and run the cally, what the budget that is being of- attempt to embarrass the President. health care system, to reinvent the fered on the floor of the Senate does is greatest health care system in the his- limit the growth of Government spend- In January 1993, President Bush pre- tory of the world in the image of the ing to 3.3 percent a year. In fact, if you sented his last budget to Congress as post office, the one part of the Amer- look at this red line I have on my chart required by law. That budget showed ican health care system that he chose here, that is what Government spend- deficits climbing to $320 billion by fis- to exclude from health care reform was ing in total looks like under the cal year 1998. I do not intend to offer Medicare. Domenici budget, the budget that the President Bush’s last budget as an Now the Democrats tell us, look, you Democrats are here attacking, saying amendment, but I do ask unanimous cannot possibly do what a bipartisan the world is coming to an end if we consent to have a summary of that commission tells you that you have to adopt this budget. Government spend- budget printed in the RECORD so the do to prevent Medicare from going ing grows every single day under the RECORD will show the contrast. Com- broke without having the Government Domenici budget. It grows by 3.3 per- pare the numbers in the last Bush ad- take over and run the whole health cent a year. And I submit there are a ministration budget with the under- care system. And yet, when they pro- lot of working families in America who lying amendment. posed that the Government take over are not going to see their incomes grow There being no objection, the mate- and run the health care system, they by 3.3 percent a year. By limiting the rial was ordered to be printed in the exempted Medicare. So I am afraid growth of Government spending to 3.3 RECORD, as follows:

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6959 FINAL BUSH ADMINISTRATION BUDGET SUBMISSION, JANUARY 1993

1992 Estimate actual 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

Receipts ...... 1,091.6 1,147.6 1,230.3 1,305.6 1,378.5 1,439.7 1,523.4 Outlays: Discretionary ...... 534.3 548.1 537.4 539.1 539.1 539.1 539.1 Mandatory: Deposit insurance ...... 2.6 15.5 16.2 ¥7.1 ¥14.9 ¥11.3 ¥6.9 Medicaid ...... 67.8 80.5 92.9 107.8 122.7 138.8 156.4 Federal retirement ...... 74.9 77.4 81.5 83.9 88.6 94.1 98.2 Means-tested entitlements ...... 75.0 83.4 89.8 95.6 98.5 106.2 112.4 Medicare ...... 116.2 129.9 147.8 166.3 188.5 211.4 235.8 Social Security ...... 285.1 302.2 318.7 336.2 355.1 374.8 395.6 Unemployment compensation ...... 37.0 32.7 24.7 24.4 25.5 26.3 27.4 Undistributed offsetting receipted ...... ¥39.3 ¥37.2 ¥39.0 ¥40.3 ¥41.5 ¥43.5 ¥46.0 Other ...... 28.7 39.6 32.7 27.9 20.7 22.9 22.9 Subtotal, mandatory ...... 648.0 724.1 765.2 794.9 843.2 919.6 995.7 Net interest ...... 199.4 202.8 220.1 244.1 262.5 286.0 308.4 Total outlays ...... 1,381.8 1,474.9 1,522.7 1,578.0 1,644.8 1,744.7 1,843.2

Deficit (¥) excluding MDA sequester ...... ¥290.2 ¥327.3 ¥292.4 ¥272.4 ¥266.4 ¥305.0 ¥319.8 MDA sequester savings (includes PAYGO and debt service savings of $1.7 billion in 1994 and $1.8 billion in 1995) ...... NA NA 22.4 42.8 NA NA NA Deficit (¥) including MDA sequester ...... ¥290.2 ¥327.3 ¥269.9 ¥229.6 ¥266.4 ¥305.0 ¥319.8 Memorandum Surplus or deficit (¥) (excluding MDA sequester savings): On-budget ...... ¥340.3 ¥379.9 ¥354.8 ¥342.6 ¥348.5 ¥395.6 ¥422.9 Off-budget ...... 50.1 52.6 62.5 70.3 82.1 90.7 103.1 Note: The following estimates exclude an MDA sequester. If existing MDA’s are not adjusted, the 1994 deficit would be lower by between $23.2 billion and $50.0 billion, and the 1995 deficit would be lower by between $21.8 billion and $71.4 billion.

The PRESIDING OFFICER. One essary and apply any savings to deficit are expressed in Senator DOMENICI’S minute has expired. reduction. budget proposal which is now pending Mr. FORD. Mr. President, I ask 1 ad- Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, there on the Senate floor. The loss leaders in ditional minute. are two starkly different budgets be- this Republican budget are the basic The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without fore us that would move this country health programs protecting our Na- objection, it is so ordered. in opposite directions. First, there is tion’s senior citizens, poor children, Mr. FORD. What a difference 2 years the Republican budget now before this the disabled, and pregnant women, also has made. body. That budget offers a vision for known as Medicare and Medicaid. His- What it means to me is also a loud the future. Under that plan the deficit toric levels of cuts in these programs— signal that those on the other side of would slowly decline until it would dis- $256 billion out of Medicare and $175 the aisle have no intention of devel- appear in 2002. It is the only budget billion out of Medicaid—make the oping a bipartisan approach to deficit with a vision and a future. It would major contribution to the deficit re- reduction. I think that is regrettable. balance present-day needs with long- duction in their proposal. Education I do not intend to vote for either the term needs for seniors, for children, for gets hit hard, as do other investment pending amendment or the underlying the needy, and for the taxpayer. priorities I care about, like job train- budget resolution. It is still my hope There is another budget before us, ing. Our Nation’s veterans lose. Work- that we can find a bipartisan solution Mr. President. It is the President’s ing families who depend on the earned at the end of the day. But not by offer- budget. And his budget moves in the income tax credit lose. In my judg- ing amendments like this one, for po- opposite direction. Under his vision of ment, the people of West Virginia, litical purposes. the future, deficits would rise as far as whom I represent, lose under the Re- I think it is unfortunate and I urge the eye can see. His direction would be publican budget proposal. Nevertheless, its defeat. devastating to our children and grand- the Republican budget priorities are Mr. BYRD. Mr. President, I have re- children, and to America’s future. It here. Their budget is finally on the luctantly concluded that I cannot sup- would saddle future generations with table and the subject of discussion and port the President’s budget as sub- an additional $1.7 trillion in debt over debate in the U.S. Senate. Is that what the next 5 years. mitted. The major change that should Republicans want to debate and talk I have not seen a more irresponsible be made to his budget, in my judgment, about? No. budget proposed by a President since would be to eliminate his proposed tax the Rose Garden budget proposed by The Republicans’ first order of busi- cut and, instead, apply the amount President Reagan in 1984. That budget ness during the floor action of their that would be required for this purpose did nothing to attack the deficit. This budget has been to exercise their par- toward deficit reduction. one does even less. liamentary right to offer the first The President deserves great credit The President’s budget submission amendment. Their first amendment, for his leadership in proposing a major represents an abdication of leadership offered by the chairman of the Budget deficit reduction package shortly after by the President. At a time when he Committee, Senator DOMENICI, is to he assumed office in 1993. That deficit could have carried fiscal responsibility substitute the President’s fiscal year reduction package was subsequently across the goal line, he punted. He took 1996 budget for their long-awaited pro- enacted into law without one Repub- a walk. He decided to play Pontius Pi- posal. It seems rather odd to propose a lican vote in either the House or the late and wash his hands of the matter. complete substitute for their much an- Senate. It resulted in deficit reduction Mr. President, I hope this budget is ticipated proposal before there has over a 5-year period of approximately soundly defeated. This body has to send been any real debate on the Senate $500 billion. the message that the direction taken floor about what is in their proposal— I note that in this year’s budget sub- by this President in his budget is unac- who wins and who loses under their mission, however, the President’s budg- ceptable. It represents abdication, re- plan. And it is even more extraordinary et proposals would result in a continu- treat, and failed leadership. It rep- that my Republican colleagues would ation of annual deficits in the $200 bil- resents the triumph of business-as- choose to move to adopt the Presi- lion range for each of the next 5 years. usual over vision. I urge its defeat. dent’s budget proposal as a substitute, I think that we can, and must, do bet- Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Mr. President, after purporting to have just outlined ter. The place to start is to restrain just this week my Republican col- their version of a responsible budget ourselves from making the easy leagues, belatedly, unveiled their budg- before the Senate. Why have they choices like tax cuts and instead make et priorities to the American people asked the Senate to vote on the Presi- the difficult choices that may be nec- and the U.S. Senate. Their priorities dent’s budget before any meaningful

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S6960 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 discussion has ensued about the details last year means that our deficit prob- icaid programs on which 70 million of the Republican budget proposal? lem is even greater. Indeed, the major Americans rely for their health care. Why have they changed the subject? complaint about the President’s fiscal I am interested in hearing the Repub- This amendment is nothing more year 1996 budget—that it does not lican’s explanation of how they believe than a political ploy. I suppose it is produce sufficient deficit reduction— their budget puts the emphasis where meant to make the point that the would be moot if we had achieved com- it belongs: on our Nation’s economic President’s budget would not garner a prehensive health care reform last development, jobs, health care, crime, majority of votes in the Senate. But we year. As Democrats have been warning and children—or why it does not. That already know that. They are not going for years, and as President Clinton in- is the kind of Federal budget that deals to vote for it and they are the majority sisted throughout his campaign, if we with the day to day needs of West Vir- of Members of this body. Undoubtedly, don’t deal with our Nation’s health ginia and that is the only kind of Fed- their proposed amendment will fail, re- care problems which affect our fami- eral budget which I can support. gardless of how Democratic Senators lies, our businesses, our children and The PRESIDING OFFICER. The mi- vote. So they must be using their par- our seniors, and each of our Federal nority leader. liamentary right purely to make a po- health programs, we will never get the Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, I yield litical point. A point which seems obvi- deficit under control. I would like to myself such time as I may consume. We are about to vote on the first ous to me. believe that the Congress is still will- amendment in this budget resolution I believe they have chosen to pursue ing to step up to the health care chal- debate. Let me say, as far as most of us this strategy because they want to dis- lenge, although outside of rhetoric and on this side of the aisle are concerned, tract the American people, the Senate, a forced march to meet a predeter- it is not a serious vote. This is purely the media, from what ought to be the mined budget target, I have not seen focus of our budget debate—the affects political gamesmanship. It is a rite of any evidence that my Republican col- every budget year. Democrats did it of the Republican budget proposal on leagues are in fact willing to step up to the budgets of America’s working fami- when Presidents Reagan and Bush were the plate. in office, and now our Republican col- lies, seniors, small businesses, stu- I wish that was not the case, but I dents, and on the investments I believe leagues are taking their turn. have to tell you what I believe to be This is not a serious vote. This vote are important to the job creation and true. has nothing to do with the budget reso- job growth. Finally, I want to point out that even lution that is on the floor of the Sen- They do not want to talk about the without reaching agreement on com- ate. The Budget Committee has re- details of their plan. They want to talk prehensive health care reform, if the ported its resolution. That is the oper- about somebody else’s plan. They want President’s budget proposal had not in- ative document. That is the document to score political points. Well, much as cluded an additional tax break for they seem to dislike the fact that they that will guide congressional action. working class families it would That is the document Senate Demo- are now being asked to produce the de- produce continued significant deficit crats find defective, and are seeking to tails of their budget and explain what reduction. The basic building blocks of improve with a series of amendments their priorities are, it is their responsi- the President’s budget proposal focus that we will be offering over the course bility to do so. They are the new ma- on all the right priorities—it delivers of the next 3 or 4 days. jority. We made tough choices when we on two promises to West Virginia and The budget resolution is a congres- were in the majority. We produced con- the rest of America: sional document. It is not presented to sistent deficit reduction. Under Demo- It comes through with funding for the President, and it does not require cratic congressional leadership we re- what matters most to our State: jobs, his signature. It is our internal guide- duced the deficit by over a trillion dol- health care, fighting crime, and chil- line. lars in the last 5 years. We have met dren. It has more money for highways, The next stage will involve the Presi- the challenge. It is their turn to lead. for education, and for job training. dent for he must sign or veto the rec- Their first response is to say let us The President’s budget proposal also onciliation bill. The President has al- talk about something else. Well that is continues to cut wasteful spending. It ready indicated his willingness to work just not good enough. They have a duty mothballs 130 programs that the Presi- toward a common solution, a bipar- to explain what is in their proposal and dent thinks should be shelved. It is a tisan solution. But he has been very why. They have yet to do that in any tight-fisted budget aimed at con- clear about the conditions which must meaningful way, despite a slew of open- tinuing the efforts of OBRA93 to cut be met. ing statements given on the floor the Federal deficit. The Republicans must abandon their today. But I recognize what is going on tax cut that favors the very rich. If For instance, we have heard people here. So do my colleagues, and so there is to be a tax cut, it must be tar- suggest the Medicare Program’s should the American people. I will not geted to the middle class, and it must growth is out of control and that is dignify the Republicans’ attempt to be paid for. why it ought to be restricted. That is shift the debate from their budget to Second, the Republicans must re- not the real reason the Republican an alternative that has no hope of pass- scind their tax increase on working budget slashes in Medicare. The real ing with my vote. This important de- Americans. We simply cannot accept a reason, I believe, is that they need bate is about priorities. And it is their tax increase of $1,500 per year on those huge amounts of Medicare cuts to pull turn to explain theirs. I do not share people who are struggling just to stay off balancing the budget on their arbi- them, but I have yet to hear an articu- off welfare. trary timetable. The truth is Medi- late defense of the details of their pro- Third, the Republicans must restore care’s growing at the same rate as the posal. their cuts to education. Asking college health care costs of other Americans, To conclude, I will vote against Sen- students to pay an additional $3,000 a including our health care costs of those ator DOMENICI’s amendment to sub- year is simply wrong. of us here in Congress, maybe a percent stitute the President’s fiscal year 1996 Fourth, any changes in Medicare higher. That is hardly way out of sync budget for the hard-hearted, extreme must take place in the context of over- with the increases that individual proposals in the Republican budget all health care reform. We have said Americans are coping with, and it is to plan—regarding which they seem un- that over and over again. A $256 billion be expected when we have yet to ad- willing to discuss in any careful detail. cut in Medicare is draconian. dress the country’s basic need for fun- I will vote no despite the fact that I be- The stock market yesterday went damental health care reform. So why lieve the President’s budget, and there- down 82 points, and a lot of us have the need to zero in on Medicare for fore the amendment, would be a much been convinced that is simply senior mammoth cuts—to pay for an irrespon- better basis for a discussion of our na- citizens selling their stock to pay for sible and unfair tax cut for the rich. tional goals and priorities than the un- Medicare insurance in the next several I would be derelict not to note that derlying Republican budget we have be- years. our failure to deal with the com- fore us today, if only because it does Those conditions are the reality of plicated issues of health care reform not devastate the Medicare and Med- the budget. Those issues will be the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6961 ones that define this budget year. a minimum wage will not be able to ing for economic and political progress as a Those are the issues that count with lift themselves out of poverty. nation, we all go up, or else we all go down, all Americans. I have said for years the best social as one people. But this current vote has nothing to program anybody came up with is a In my view we should heed this wise do with reality. It is a meaningless po- job. Here we have an awful lot of people advice as we prepare to close out this litical gesture. who are living on the margins in this century and begin the 21st century. In light of this, I urge my colleagues country. The earned income tax credit This budget resolution gives to the to vote no on this amendment. I sug- has been one of the most successful strong at the expense of the weak. It gest we not dignify this vote by taking programs in providing economic relief provides relief to those least in need of it seriously. to people living on the margins. Presi- it at the expense of those with nothing I yield the floor. dent Reagan called it the best idea we extra to spare. It is not a road map to Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President, do have for assisting people at the mar- a place that we as a nation should go. they have any additional time? gins. I certainly hope we come to our senses The PRESIDING OFFICER. There Our colleague and chairman of the and choose a different course than the are 10 minutes remaining on that side, Budget Committee has heralded the one proposed by this budget. It is not and 15 minutes remaining on the other success of the EITC in the past. There just a question of knowing the price of side. are problems. I do not disagree. We everything but knowing the value of Mr. DOMENICI. I understand our 15 ought to deal with those problems. But things as well. is our wrap-up time. to change this program and to take $21 A generation of Americans benefited Mr. DASCHLE. I yield such time as billion out of it at a time when we are from the GI bill. Today, if we were to he may consume to the distinguished going to be talking about welfare re- pass the GI bill, it would cost $9,700 for Senator from Connecticut. form, when we are trying to lift people every recipient. That is what those dol- Mr. DOMENICI. Might I take 30 sec- out—not temporarily, but permanently lars meant in the latter part of the for- onds of my time and then yield? off public dependency—does not make ties and early fifties. How many people The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without any sense. Those not benefiting from in this country benefited? How many objection, it is so ordered. economic growth are going to find families today are better off because Mr. DOMENICI. I just wanted to say themselves falling further and further that investment was made? Those were most of us think the reason the stock behind. hard dollars to vote for. Yet, we grew market went haywire is the President Since 1979 the bottom 20 percent of as a country. We benefited as a coun- threatened to veto a rescissions bill Americans, by income, have seen their try. which means that he is not going to real wages plummet 17 percent. We VA mortgages—2-percent loans gave sign a reconciliation bill which means have expanded the earned income tax people in this country a chance to buy we are going to continue the deficit credit to address this dangerous trend their first home. How many people spending for as far as the eye can see. on a bipartisan basis. I would point out today are doing better, have good I think that is what the stock market that by gutting the credit the Repub- homes because they got a start? How saw yesterday. lican budget will only make matters many people got jobs in building those I yield the floor. worse. homes? Those were investments we Mr. DODD. Mr. President, first of all, Working Americans are going to find made in people. let me thank the distinguished Demo- themselves increasingly cut off from Today we have to think along similar cratic leader. the American dream in the year 2002 if lines to make those investments in Let me say at the very outset, that I this budget is approved. Who is going education, in growth, in opportunity. want to commend the Democratic lead- to be better off under this proposal? The best deficit reducer in the long- er for his work putting together pack- The well off or the best off in this term is a growing economy. ages which we will be able to raise in country are going to do relatively well. So we ought to keep that in mind as the next few days highlighting our dis- The budget leaves the door wide open we go through this process of deciding agreements with the budget proposal to a tax cut along the lines approved the kind of investments and cuts to as submitted by the majority party. by the House. More than half the bene- make. Let me also underscore the points that fits in that package flow, as we know, Again, Mr. President, there is no de- the minority leader has made; and, to people earning more than $100,000 a bate about deficit reduction in this that is, that if our colleagues on the year. Here we are talking about people body, none that I know. We ought to other side will drop their tax cut pro- at the low-income level who are work- get there as soon as we can but do so posals and be willing to deal with com- ing today, not living on welfare, not with moderation, intelligence, and sen- prehensive health care reform, if they getting AFDC, trying to make ends sitivity about what makes a great will not take a meat ax to education meet, trying to take care of their fami- country stronger. Fiscal responsibility and the working poor, I am confident lies. And we are going to hit them with is a critical element. Investing in edu- that we can put together a budget here a $21 billion hit while we are providing cation, in health, in social progress that would get us to a balance hope- relief for many people making $100,000 also contributes significantly to a fully by the year 2002, and, if not then, or more. I do not fault anybody in that strong country. shortly thereafter and do it in a mean- income category. Everybody wants to My deep, deep fear is that the budget ingful way. be in that income category. But to get proposal I am fearful we are going to I have already talked briefly on the there you have to make the invest- adopt takes us in the opposite direc- issue of Medicare, and education. But ments. You have to give them a chance tion. I say that in all due respect to its under the proposal being submitted to to get going. authors, but I think this is a time to be us by the Republican majority, 12 mil- Here we have a budget proposal that coming together in seeking some com- lion working poor Americans will face goes after people right on the fringes, mon ground as to how we can put a increased taxes in the year 2002. These and to pay for that we take people at proposal together that allows us a def- working families who are trying to the upper-income levels and we give icit-neutral society, creating surpluses, play by the rules and to provide for them a tax break. What kind of logic is but does so in a way that grows Amer- themselves and their children near the that? What does that say about the di- ica and gives this next generation an poverty level will face a tax increase in rection we are heading in as a country opportunity to enjoy the dreams and the form of a reduction in the earned in the year 2002? visions that this Nation ought to be income tax credit. They will pay on av- Mr. President, almost 60 years ago we providing. erage $350 a year more in additional heard another American President, So with that, Mr. President, I yield taxes in the year 2002. Franklin Roosevelt, say: the floor and look forward to the de- This unfair and shortsighted deficit In every land there are always at work bate next week. saver will make welfare look even forces that drive men apart and forces that Mr. DOMENICI addressed the Chair. more attractive compared to low-wage draw men together. In our personal ambi- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- work, and people working full time at tions we are individualists. But in our seek- ator from New Mexico.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S6962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 Mr. DOMENICI. How much time do something for the future of this coun- $140 billion in that year alone from the we have remaining? try, for the future of children and sen- deficit. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- iors and the stability of this country. Well, that being the case, it must ator has 14 minutes 40 seconds. Do we leave a monument of red ink to have been another President that Mr. DOMENICI. I yield 7 minutes to future generations just beyond the crafted the budget plan for the next 5 Senator SNOWE from Maine. turn of the century that will require years. According to the reality-based The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- them to pay an 82-percent tax rate to reestimate by the Congressional Budg- ator from Maine. finance this red ink that is in Presi- et Office, the 1996 budget deficit will be Ms. SNOWE. I thank the Chair. I dent Clinton’s budget? Or do we do $211 billion, not the $197 billion the ad- thank the chairman of the Budget something now so that they can have a ministration projected. The 1998 deficit Committee, Senator DOMENICI, not better future and invest in the prior- will rise to $231 billion, not the $196 bil- only for yielding me this time but, as a ities that everybody wants this Nation lion projected by the administration, member of the Senate Budget Com- to invest in, such as education and and the 1999 deficit will reach an esti- mittee, I have certainly appreciated health care and our infrastructure? mated $256 billion, a far cry from what the leadership he has provided on this They cannot do that with the Presi- the administration projected of $197 most serious and critical of issues. dent’s budget, because it is a sea of red billion. I am a little surprised by what the ink. So I am dismayed that the Presi- And if that is not bad enough, we Senate minority leader mentioned ear- dent offered a budget that was not seri- have to look at the year 2000. CBO says lier when he said that offering the ous in reaching and achieving a bal- the deficit will reach $276 billion rather President’s budget which he offered anced budget by the year 2002. The fact than the $194 billion projected by the this year for fiscal year 1996 was really is the President is offering $2 trillion administration. That is almost a $100 empty, meaningless, and not a serious by the year 2002 in additional debt. billion difference in the deficit between gesture. Even the Washington Post had this edi- what the administration projects and What is that saying, that the Presi- torial comment a day after the Presi- what the Congressional Budget Office dent was not serious about offering his dent released his budget, and I quote: estimates. proposal to the American people to ad- It is troubling that he has now decided to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- dress deficit reduction and, indeed, bal- take a holiday from the hard and painful re- ator’s time has expired. ancing the budget for future genera- sponsibility to keep working the deficit Ms. SNOWE. There is no question as tions? downward. The issue is this country’s future standard of living. to where we need to go and who is I think it is a sad commentary to being responsible for the future of this Even the distinguished ranking mem- suggest that the President is not seri- country. ber of the Senate Budget Committee ous in engaging in this issue. Is he sug- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- said earlier today that he was not en- gesting that the President does not ator from New Mexico. thusiastic about the President’s plan. want to be relevant in balancing the Mr. DOMENICI. Mr. President and In fact, he noted a month or two ago budget and joining Congress in doing fellow Senators, first of all, I offered ‘‘In the administration’s failure to what is important for the American this amendment after asking if any chart a new fiscal course for our Na- people? Democrats would like to offer it, so I tion,’’ he said, ‘‘the President dropped I think it is very much a fair com- would like to make that very clear. I the ball by offering a budget that falls parison because we have heard over and do not like to introduce the President’s short, way short of the deficit reduc- over again about the proposal that budget. I am not for it, but I thought it came out of the Senate Budget Com- tion we need.’’ This budget tells a tale of two Presi- deserved a vote. Normally, we vote on mittee. We worked very hard. We want- dents, one who promises a balanced Presidents’ budgets whether we agree ed a bipartisan agreement. But the ad- budget and another who fails to de- with them or not. When they did not ministration’s proposal is a monument liver; one President who promises deep agree with the Republican Presidents’ to status quo. The irony is that the ad- cuts in the Nation’s deficit and another budgets, obviously, they were offered ministration has referred to the Repub- who oversees a more than doubling of just for the same reason—to see how lican budget resolution, which achieves the predicted deficit in the year 2004; many people really supported it. a balanced budget through serious def- and one President who promises mid- But equally as important, the press icit reduction by the year 2002—that is dle-class protection and another who secretary for the President on May 15 what, in fact, many of the minority saddles the middle class with increased said, and I quote: Members of the Senate have indicated per capita debts, increased taxes on So- It would be a good place to begin. It’s bet- during the debate on the constitutional cial Security benefits and increased ter than what they’re talking about. amendment to balance the budget, that taxes on those who own family farms So I do this to oblige. Since, speaking they did want to balance that budget and small businesses. for the President, his is better than by the year 2002. They just did not Simply put, there is a nagging funda- ours, we would like to have a vote and want a constitutional amendment to mental disparity between what this see. balance the budget. But the adminis- President says and what he does. It re- Now, Mr. President and fellow Sen- tration and administration officials minds me of the Shakespeare quote ators, there are 2 approaches to the fu- have referred to our budget as ‘‘dumb ‘‘action is eloquence.’’ If that is the ture of our country, not 15 or 20. There and dumber’’ and ‘‘clear and present case, we better tongue-tie the adminis- are two at this point in history: This danger.’’ tration when it comes to budget policy one, the President’s budget—the Presi- Frankly, if the administration would and economics. dent’s budget surrenders to the deficit, like to invoke a film fee, I would be President Clinton made a statement makes few if any hard choices—and the happy to oblige them because, due to on April 15 in which he presented a Republican budget which I was privi- the years and years of deficit and red three-point legislative priority list leged to help craft with many Members ink that the President extends in his which included welfare reform and and many task forces, this budget. budget into the next century, I cer- crime, but he also mentioned tax and Now, this budget is a budget for the tainly would describe the President’s spending cuts that both reduce the future. budget as the ‘‘crimson tide’’ because budget deficit and the spending deficit. This budget is a budget of the past. that is the legacy the President is leav- But you would not know that reducing This budget changes things. ing future generations. That is in fact the deficit was even one of the Presi- This budget is the status quo. his budget. It is a sea of red ink. dent’s legislative priorities because, This budget says the future genera- Compare that to what we have of- again getting back to this chart, he has tions should not be taxed without rep- fered in the Senate Budget Com- $200 to $300 billion in annual deficits resentation—little children born today mittee—responsible deficit reduction between now and the end of this decade should not be taxed without represen- that does achieve a balanced budget by and beyond into the next century. tation. the year 2002. I think it does not take The President had said in February This budget says we will tax the next an Einstein to figure out who is doing that his budget plan will by 1997 cut generation. We will tax every man,

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6963 woman, and child who is working today I yield to the majority leader what- other side of the aisle. I think he to pay for programs that we insist on ever time I might have remaining. speaks volumes in just these two state- spending their money for even though Mr. STEVENS addressed the Chair. ments. they are not even around to be con- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Along with Senator DOMENICI, I was sulted, they are not being asked, and ator from Alaska. on the House floor yesterday for that they may not even know that they are f historic vote when they adopted the being taxed without representation. resolution that will put us on a path VISIT TO THE SENATE BY MEM- Because, indeed, we just continue to for a balanced budget by the year 2002. BERS OF THE BRITISH-AMER- borrow money and say, ‘‘You pay for It was a very exciting moment, and ICAN PARLIAMENTARY GROUP it.’’ This budget says, ‘‘We’ll keep bor- we hope to repeat that moment in the rowing money. Kids cannot complain Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, I ask Senate sometime in the early after- anyway. Children cannot vote anyway. unanimous consent that our guests, noon next Wednesday. Children are not even going to be heard who are members of the British-Amer- We will be here late, late, late Mon- on this budget. But we are going to ican Parliamentary Group, be per- day night and late, late, late Tuesday keep on taxing them by taking away mitted to remain on the floor during night, so we can finish sometime mid- their standard of living, by making the period of this coming vote. afternoon on Wednesday. them have to work ever harder and The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without After the vote in the House yester- ever longer to pay for this budget and objection, it is so ordered. day, the President issued a statement, the programs that we refuse to re- Mr. STEVENS. I want to introduce to saying, ‘‘There is a right way and a strain, reform, make relevant, or get the Senate the Right Honorable John wrong way’’ to reduce the deficit, and rid of duplication.’’ MacGregor, who is the chairman of the the House plan was ‘‘The wrong way.’’ This budget says the Government of British group; Derek Conway, a Mem- Americans have a right to ask, if the the United States can continue to ber of Parliament; the Right Honorable House plan was the ‘‘wrong way’’ and if grow. Our responsibility to millions of Sir John Cope, a Member of Par- the Senate budget resolution is the Americans will continue. This budget liament; the Right Honorable Lord ‘‘wrong way,’’ then just what does says, make Medicare solvent. This Rees, who is Queen’s Counsel; Joe Ben- President Clinton define as the ‘‘right budget says we want Medicare not only ton, a Member of Parliament; Judith way’’ to reduce the deficit? for the current seniors but for seniors Church, a Member of Parliament; He would not even let us save $10 bil- yet to join and need it for their health Roger Godsiff, a Member of Par- lion in the rescission package. He care. This budget says we want to help liament; and Roy Hughes, a Member of threatened to veto that because it does the poor in our States who need health Parliament. not meet his standards of higher spend- care because we are going to have a All of these people are guests for this ing. program that can be sustained, that we weekend for conferences on matters of Well, the only evidence we have of can afford. mutual concern to the British Govern- what he believes is the right way is This budget says to keep on paying ment and our Government. what he proposed, and that is the ques- for a Medicaid Program that we cannot Please welcome them. tion now before us. afford. Sooner or later, 2, 3, or 4 years Thank you. As Senator DOMENICI said, he asked if from now, we will have to say to the f any Democrats wished to offer the poor people that get Medicaid, ‘‘We President’s budget as an amendment CONCURRENT RESOLUTION ON and they declined, so he did it to make can’t afford it anymore.’’ THE BUDGET This budget says start fixing it right a point. The point is the President does now. The Senate continued with the con- not have a plan, a credible plan. And So, fellow Senators, let me suggest sideration of the concurrent resolution. the point is, the Democrats do not have that we hear a lot about our senior Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, I ask unan- a credible plan. citizens. And we say to them, ‘‘When imous consent that I may use 5 min- Their plan is to attack Republicans, all of this is over, you will have a Medi- utes of my leader’s time. attack Republicans, attack Repub- care Program. It will be as good or bet- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without licans—we are out there cutting Medi- ter than the one you have now.’’ objection, it is so ordered. care; cutting everything to help the We say to the poor, who are getting Mr. DOLE. Mr. President, first let me rich. That effort has been tried for health care from Medicaid, ‘‘You will quote from what I consider to be a fair- years. It is called class warfare. It was have a program and it will be better ly reliable source. tried in 1994—and we liked the results. than the one now.’’ And, yes, we will The budget which came from the President And maybe it will be tried again in say in one loud voice, ‘‘There is a fu- said, ‘‘I’ve given up; that as long as I am 1996. ture with an increased standard of liv- President of the United States there will I assume the President was serious ing and opportunity,’’ if you adopt this never be a balanced budget.’’ That is an as- about his budget plan when he pro- budget, the Republican budget, and fail tonishing statement. posed it. We learned a number of things to adopt the President’s budget which That quote came from former Sen- about what the President apparently is pending before us today. ator Paul Tsongas, Democrat of Massa- believes is ‘‘right.’’ Many comments have been made chusetts, cochairman of the bipartisan The President believes that, as Sen- today about various programs. We do antideficit Concord Coalition. ator Tsongas said, the status quo is not have an opportunity to answer Another quote from our former col- right. right in the middle of these speeches, league, Senator Tsongas: The President believes it is right to but before you pass judgment on edu- Let me say as a Democrat it’s very easy for take no action and let the deficit con- cation and what reforms we have rec- Democrats to poke fun at what these two tinue, $200 billion a year as far as the ommended on Medicare, Medicaid, and people [Senator PETE DOMENICI and Rep- eye can see, well into the next century. on the earned-income tax credit— resentative JOHN KASICH] are doing because, The President believes it is right to unlike our party, they’ve decided to really which, incidentally, will grow at 40 per- address this issue. And the fact is, they’re allow entitlement spending to consume cent while some are talking about it prepared to put a balanced budget amend- 57 percent of total spending by the year being cut—wait for the details. We will ment on the table. The balanced budget 2000. discuss them one by one with the amendment died because of the Democrats— The President believes it is right to American people. not because of the Republicans, not because ignore his own trustees’ warning of the But, for now, we have an opportunity of the vote in the Senate, and we Democrats impending bankruptcy of the Medicare to reject a status quo budget, a budget are equally responsible to our kids. Trust Fund, and to take absolutely no of the past, and set in motion the budg- That was not a statement by BOB action to preserve, improve, and pro- et of the future. DOLE or anybody on this side of the tect Medicare. I yield to Senator STEVENS, who aisle. That was a statement by Senator And, Mr. President, I have a sus- wants to make a unanimous-consent Paul Tsongas, who used to grace the picion of something else the President request. Senate Chamber. He was seated on the has proven he believes is right. He said

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S6964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 yesterday he is ‘‘Eager to work with vote. This is a defining vote, and I urge DEFENSE AND BUDGET ISSUES Congress’’ to reduce the deficit, and my colleagues to vote against the Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I since his budget refused to do that by President’s budget. yield myself 10 minutes off the bill to reducing the growth of Government I ask for the yeas and nays. speak on the budget issue and the de- spending, that can leave only one pos- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a fense issue. sible answer: Tax increases; tax in- sufficient second? Mr. President, next week some time, creases. There is a sufficient second. I presume it would be Senators from Are we going to be told by the Presi- The yeas and nays were ordered. dent, ‘‘Well, we have to balance the both sides of the aisle, but I am sure it budget. This is the wrong way. The f will be led by some Senator from my right way is to do what I did in 1993, side of the aisle, we will discuss the ORDER FOR RECESS TO GREET issue of increasing the Senate Budget have a big, big $255 billion tax in- VISITING PARLIAMENTARIANS crease’’? I have not heard any other op- Committee’s numbers for defense. Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, I ask tions. We have to conclude something. I do not want to speak directly to The only conclusion I can reach is unanimous consent that following the that point, but I want to set the stage the President does not want to balance announcement of the results of this for my position that I think is very un- the budget, does not want to cut spend- vote that the Senate stand in recess for wise to do that. I will want to say in ing, does not want to preserve, protect 3 minutes in order that Members of the connection with some of the remarks I and improve Medicare. So it seems to Senate may greet the parliamentarians am going to say that there is an article me we have been waiting now 11 days who are on the floor. in the Washington Post today on the since we proposed our balanced budget The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Federal page where it refers to Senator plan. We have not heard a word from objection, it is so ordered. GLENN, and I agree totally with Sen- anybody on the other side of the aisle. f ator GLENN. We have not heard a word from the He was holding a hearing on the bad President, and the deficit has increased CONCURRENT RESOLUTION ON accounting practices of the Defense De- $4.9 billion since we submitted our bal- THE BUDGET partment. It refers to Senator GLENN anced budget plan. The Senate continued with the con- this way: Is our plan perfect? No, but it is an sideration of the concurrent resolution. GLENN, who held hearings this week on the honest effort to transform Government The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under subject, lamented the fact that while his col- to make it smaller, to make it smarter, the previous order, the hour of 10:55 leagues worry about budgetary restraints, so to make it more sensitive, to make it a.m. having arrived, the Senate will few of them have been interested in the Pen- more responsive, to make it less expen- now proceed to vote on amendment No. tagon’s wasteful financial practices. sive and to reverse the 40-year tide of 1111. The question is on agreeing to the Senator GLENN spoke about the power to the Federal Government. amendment. The yeas and nays have wasteful financial practices. I have Let me say, we look forward to next been ordered. The clerk will call the spoken on that subject many times. I week. I guess you could say we are pre- roll. thank Senator GLENN for his leader- pared to make the tough decisions, the The legislative clerk called the roll. ship. President will not make any decision. Mr. FORD. I announce that the Sen- I want to take a few moments to ex- That is a clear difference in party phi- ator from California [Mrs. BOXER] is press concern abut a new policy that is losophy: Do not make any decisions, necessarily absent. being pushed by the comptroller at the come to the floor and complain about The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Department of Defense, Mr. John what happens to senior citizens, chil- SHELBY). Are there any other Senators Hamre. I think, basically, Mr. Hamre is dren, veterans, farmers and everybody in the Chamber desiring to vote? trying to do a lot of good but he is run- else, but do not worry about the next The result was announced—yeas 0, ning into a cement wall on many of the generation, do not worry about your nays 99, as follows: things he is trying to accomplish. grandchildren, do not worry about your [Rollcall Vote No. 172 Leg.] His plan undermines the case for young children. It will all be taken NAYS—99 pushing up the defense budget. Mr. care of by red ink, as the Senator from Hamre is proposing just to write off— Maine, Senator SNOWE, just pointed Abraham Feinstein Lugar Akaka Ford Mack just write off—billions of dollars of out. Ashcroft Frist McCain unmatchable disbursements. Now, It seems to me that if we want status Baucus Glenn McConnell unmatchable disbursements are ex- quo policies, I guess we can have those, Bennett Gorton Mikulski Biden Graham Moseley-Braun penditures that he says he cannot link if the Democrats prevail. But what we to supporting documentation, so he is need to do right now is defeat the Bingaman Gramm Moynihan Bond Grams Murkowski really ready to throw in the towel and President’s budget and then have seri- Bradley Grassley Murray to write them off the books. ous debate on the balanced budget pro- Breaux Gregg Nickles The Armed Services Committee held posed by the distinguished Senator Brown Harkin Nunn Bryan Hatch Packwood hearings, and I refer to Senator GLENN from New Mexico, Senator DOMENICI. It Bumpers Hatfield Pell on this and related matters. The de- is not because it is good political the- Burns Heflin Pressler fense appropriations subcommittee is ater, as some have suggested, but I Byrd Helms Pryor going to hold similar hearings next think it is time to do the right thing. Campbell Hollings Reid Chafee I think the President, in his inau- Hutchison Robb Tuesday. Coats Inhofe Rockefeller Not being a member of either com- gural address, used the word ‘‘change’’ Cochran Inouye Roth 11 times. Apparently he is out of Cohen Jeffords Santorum mittee, I am unable to participate in change. He does not want any more Conrad Johnston Sarbanes those discussions. Coverdell Kassebaum Shelby But because of my intense interest in change. He wants the status quo: ‘‘Do Craig Kempthorne Simon not cut farm subsidies, do not do this, D’Amato Kennedy Simpson the subject, the chairman of the De- do not do that, do not cut anything Daschle Kerrey Smith fense Subcommittee, my good friend until after I am reelected in 1996.’’ DeWine Kerry Snowe Senator TED STEVENS, invited me to Dodd Kohl Specter submit a statement for the record. I do not believe that will sell. I be- Dole Kyl Stevens lieve the American people are ready— Domenici Lautenberg Thomas So, I would now like to share my they have been ready for leadership on Dorgan Leahy Thompson thoughts on this issue with my col- Exon Levin Thurmond leagues. the budget. We have had a lot of leader- Faircloth Lieberman Warner ship on the other side over the years on Feingold Lott Wellstone I think the issue has a direct bearing the budget, and I am still hopeful we on the proposal to pump up the defense NOT VOTING—1 will still have leadership on the other budget, which will be an issue next side on the deficit. Boxer week, I think. We ought to be in this together. But So the amendment (No. 1111) was re- I am deeply troubled by Mr. Hamre’s this is the first step. This is the first jected. proposal.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6965 Allowing him to write off billions of tion is so poor that it would take an in- Hamre’s plan to write off unmatchable dollars of unmatchable disbursements ordinate amount of time and money to disbursements. would set a dangerous precedent. make the fiscal hookups. It is just too First, how much money is involved? Allowing him to write off billions of much trouble and too costly to make Nobody knows for sure, but prelimi- dollars of unmatchable disbursements the proper matches. So the answer is nary information suggests that the underscores the continuing lack of ef- just write it off. total amount Mr. Hamre would like to fective internal financial controls at Mr. Hamre also suggests that the in- write off could easily approach $10 to the Defense Department. spector general and the general counsel $12 billion. I fear that there is a near total agree that the write-off procedure is Second, is it legal to write off dis- breakdown of internal controls at the the only viable option. bursements because supporting docu- Pentagon, and this leaves the Depart- Mr. President, if Mr. Hamre asked mentation is either inadequate or non- ment’s accounts vulnerable to theft Congress for authority to write off 1 or existent. and abuse. That really bothers me. 10 billion dollars’ worth of Sections 1501 and 3528 of title 31 of One of the most elementary ways to unmatchable disbursements, it would the United States Code, for example, maintain internal control over money not be so bad—if heads would roll of seem to imply that all Government ex- is to match disbursements with obliga- those responsible for the bad penditures must be supported by docu- tions. mangement. But that does not seem to mentary evidence. The legal issues in- Unfortunately, this very basic finan- be the pattern. volved need to be examined. The authority to write off cial control device is largely ignored Writing off billions of dollars of unmatchable disbursements should be by disbursing officers at the Pen- unmatchable disbursements would be a one-time event. It must never happen tagon—even though DOD has had a an insult to the citizens of this coun- again. Unfortunately, I fear it will hap- longstanding policy, specifying that try. pen again, unless we come down hard potential payments must be matched This money was taken out of the and impose severe penalties and re- with obligations before a payment is pockets of hard working American tax- strictions. Furthermore, my approach made. payers, and the Pentagon bureaucrats would help to strengthen and reinforce The extent to which DOD accounts say it is just too much trouble to find section 8137 of the fiscal year 1995 De- are vulnerable to theft and abuse is out how their money was spent. fense Appropriations Act—Public Law truly frightening. Mr. President, could you imagine how the IRS would treat a citizen who 103–335. The latest figures provided by the Mr. President, the people of this General Accounting Office [GAO] indi- claimed to have no documentation for $100,000 of income? The IRS would say: country desperately want to trust their cate that DOD has $29 billion in prob- Government. But a Government that lem disbursements—mostly unmatched ‘‘We know you got that money. You pay the tax. Period. End of discussion.’’ does not hold dishonest and incom- disbursements. That means DOD does petent officials accountable for their not know how $29 billion was spend. But not with the DOD. We should hold the Pentagon bureau- actions will lose the public trust. DOD does not know what was bought crats to the same standard that the A failure to hold corrupt officials ac- with the $29 billion. Even though it IRS holds the taxpayers to. The DOD countable breeds mistrust and invites might be legal, they still do not know should have to play by the same rules more waste and mismanagement. exactly where it was spent. An inability to provide a full and ac- Until the proper matches are made, imposed on the taxpayers. We should tell the Pentagon bureau- curate accounting of who $29 billion of those responsible for controlling the crats: ‘‘We know you received $10 bil- the taxpayer’s money was spent is mis- money at the Pentagon do not know lion in appropriations. Now, how did management at its very worst. how the $29 billion was used. Pentagon bureaucrats have an un- you spend it? No more money until we They do not know whether the $29 blemished track record of misman- get the answer.’’ billion in payments were all legiti- The taxpayers have the right to aging the peoples’ money. They have proven over and over mate. know how their money was spent— They do not know whether the $29 again that they cannot control the peo- every penny of it. They are entitled to billion in payments were in the correct ples’ money. And they cannot account that under the Constitution. amounts or whether there were under- Section 9 of the Constitution says for how they are spending the peoples’ payments, overpayments, or even erro- that there will be ‘‘a regular statement money. Some of my colleagues are talking neous payments, for instance, to the and account of the receipts and expend- about an amendment to increase de- wrong persons or businesses. They do itures of all public money published not know whether the payments were fense spending. from time to time.’’ Now, is it smart to give a bureau- fraudulent. They do not know whether Pentagon bureaucrats cannot fulfill money is being stolen. cratic institution that cannot control that responsibility today. and account for the use of public Despite all Mr. Hamre’s hard work, They cannot give the taxpayers a full and I compliment him for a lot of the money more public money? and accurate account of how their Does that show good common sense? work he has done to clean up the mess money was spent. That is unacceptable and fix the problem, the mess seems to DOD should not get any extra money and must not be tolerated. until DOD cleans up the books. me to be getting worse by the day. Mr. President, if there is no docu- I will vigorously oppose any amend- New problems crop up faster than old mentation supporting a disbursement, ments to increase defense spending. ones can be resolved. then there is no way to reconcile that More money is not the solution. Bet- In frustration, Mr. Hamre is now account. ter management is. moving toward a solution that I con- Under those circumstances, Mr. Mr. President, I yield the floor and sider dangerous and unprecedented. His Hamre’s proposed solution is an unde- reserve the remainder of my time for proposed solution needs close scrutiny. sirable and an unfortunate necessity. the Republicans. Mr. Hamre wants to write off a sub- However, we in the Congress should not The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- stantial number of problem disburse- approve this plan until two stringent ator from West Virginia [Mr. ROCKE- ments. conditions are met: No. 1: Those re- FELLER] is recognized. Mr. Hamre is now telling Congress sponsible must be held accountable for Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Mr. President, I that some of the problem disburse- what has happened; heads must roll. believe the minority leader had agreed ments can never be matched. They are No. 2: A new DOD policy should be to yield 1 minute to the Senator from unmatchable disbursements, in a sense. put in place that specifies: Effective Maine, and also for a unanimous-con- In some cases, disbursements are January 1, 1996, all DOD disbursements sent request to the Senator from Or- unmatchable because all the sup- must be matched with obligations and egon. porting documentation has been de- supporting accounting records before a Mr. COHEN. Mr. President, let me stroyed. payment is made. just proceed very briefly. I was some- The audit trail is cold. It leads no- We also need to have the answers to what taken by surprise by the Senator where. In other cases, the documenta- two questions before we approve Mr. from Iowa suggesting we ought to look

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S6966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 to the IRS as an example of how they tion of consideration of the budget res- It is not about agreeing on a time can audit their particular systems. olution, Kinka Gerke, my congres- certain. I believe the year 2002 is a Just a few years ago the IRS came be- sional fellow who is handling the issue valid date. fore the Government Affairs Com- for me, be allowed the privilege of the This debate is about how we spend mittee and said it needed more agents floor. the limited resources we have between because there was $125 billion unac- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without now and the year 2002; about where this counted for in uncollected taxes. It objection, it is so ordered. country ought to invest its money. turned out that many of those uncol- Mr. PACKWOOD. I thank the Chair. This year the budget process has pro- lected taxes belonged to people who The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ceeded with virtually no consultation were dead, bankrupt, in jail or other- ator from West Virginia. between Democrats and Republicans. wise unable to pay. The IRS came in fi- AMENDMENT NO. 1112 For all the talk of bipartisanship, there nally and fessed up that maybe there (Purpose: To reduce the tax cut and apply was none when this resolution was was only $60 billion in uncollected the savings to Medicare and Medicaid) drawn. taxes. But they could not even prove Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Mr. President, I Not surprisingly, the committee has that particular figure. Do you know send an amendment to the desk and produced a budget resolution that is why? Because the IRS does not have ask for its immediate consideration. extreme, unreasonable, unfair, and un- books that can be audited. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The acceptable. The closer one looks, the worse it This is a great irony that should not clerk will report. gets. It is evident that the priorities be lost on the American people. Imag- The assistant legislative clerk read that it reflects do not reflect the prior- ine how the Internal Revenue Service as follows: ities of the American people, or the would treat a small business or an indi- The Senator from West Virginia [Mr. fairness the American people expect. vidual who made a comparative mis- ROCKEFELLER], for himself, Mr. LAUTENBERG, Mr. KENNEDY, Mr. DASCHLE, Mr. WELLSTONE, It is wrong to begin with a tax give- take on their tax return? away to the wealthiest people in this For the Senator from Iowa to point Ms. MIKULSKI, and Mrs. BOXER, proposes an amendment numbered 1112. country. It is doubly wrong to help fi- to the IRS as an example of how we nance it with a tax hike on the lowest should proceed, I think misses the Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that reading of income working people in the country. point entirely. There may be, in fact, To impose a tax hike on those earn- some explanation for Dr. Hamre’s sug- the amendment be dispensed with. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ing the lowest incomes in order to help gestion as to why we ought to forego pay for a tax break for the wealthiest this particular matter, but I think it is objection, it is so ordered. The amendment is as follows: Americans turns common sense and premature to condemn his approach fairness on its head. It is not just without at least having some illumina- On page 74, strike lines 12 through 24 and insert the following: ‘‘budget, the spending wrong. It is perverse. It directly con- tion on the facts. tradicts all the pro-work, anti-welfare I will try to abide by my 1 minute, aggregates shall be revised and other appro- priate budgetary allocations, aggregates, and rhetoric extolled by so many. It sends but I wanted to make it clear for the levels shall be revised to reflect up to 59 per exactly the wrong signal to Americans. record we should not point to the IRS cent of the additional deficit reduction Instead of saying work pays, it un- as a model. achieved as calculated under subsection (c) dercuts the value of the work ethic for Mr. MCCAIN. Could I ask the distin- in budget authority and outlays for legisla- all working Americans, not just those guished Democratic leader to grant me tion that reduces the adverse effects on who are eligible for the credit. The sig- 1 minute? medicare and medicaid of— nal here is not to welfare families to Mr. DASCHLE. I will be happy to. ‘‘(1) increased premiums; ‘‘(2) increased deductibles; shape up and get on a payroll. The sig- Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, I just ‘‘(3) increased copayments; nal here is to the well-off and the well- wanted to elaborate slightly on the im- ‘‘(4) limits on the freedom to select the connected. This budget tells them they portant statement Senator COHEN doctor of one’s choice; will get their tax cut. It tells working made. The Senator from Iowa enjoys ‘‘(5) reduced quality of health care services people they are out of luck. savaging the Defense Department in caused by funding reductions for health care We have had too many Republican their operations. Mr. Hamre worked as providers; so-called tax cuts that turn out to be a ‘‘(6) reduced or eliminated benefits caused one of the most respected members of tax increase or a tax wash for working the Senate Armed Services Committee by restrictions on eligibility or services; or ‘‘(7) closure of hospitals or nursing homes, people and a big tax break for those at staff. I noted with some interest, in his or other harms to health care providers. the top. savaging of the Defense Department, ‘‘(b) REVISED ALLOCATIONS AND AGGRE- Americans are waking up to the hid- the Senator from Iowa had no viable GATES.—Upon the reporting of legislation den promise in a Republican tax cut. solution to propose himself. I would pursuant to subsection (a), again upon the They are learning that it is a promise look forward to that. I suggest he have submission of a conference report on such as believable as the check is in the another solution before he condemns legislation (if a conference report is sub- mail. that one. To use that as an excuse to mitted), the Chair of the Committee on the Senate Democrats believe there are Budget of the Senate shall submit to the not support a reasonable level of de- Senate appropriately revised allocations important priorities that are not re- fense spending to me is sophistry at under sections 302(a) and 602(a) of the Con- flected in this budget at all. Those pri- best. gressional Budget Act of 1974, budgetary ag- orities are education, health care, and I would finally say, it is pretty easy gregates, and levels under this resolution, re- the needs of working people. to savage the Defense Department vised by an amount that does not exceed 59 This budget resolution cuts edu- when you are from a Midwestern State per cent of the additional deficit reduction cation, slashes health care for seniors, and at the same time come over and specified under subsection (d).’’. and discourages work for low-income defend the 13th swine research center Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, now people. It is an extreme set of prior- at the cost of some $29 million, and $10 that we have had what we consider to ities. It undermines the very things million a year to maintain at tax- be the first political vote, I hope we that give people hope and security in payers cost, so we can figure out how will have the opportunity to thor- order to finance another trickle-down best hogs can have babies. In my view oughly debate what we consider to be tax cut. it borders on a double standard. not only political questions but the Democrats say at least these three I thank the Democratic leader for al- very important substance. things should be corrected. If they can lowing me that time. Let me emphasis what this debate is be corrected, we can produce a sound, Mr. PACKWOOD addressed the Chair. not about. It is not about the balanced workable, bipartisan budget that we The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- budget because I think people on both must have ultimately—a budget that ator from Oregon. sides of the aisle feel strongly that in- will be put into effect, backed by legis- PRIVILEGE OF THE FLOOR—SENATE deed we need a balanced budget. lation that will make the necessary CONCURRENT RESOLUTION 13 It is not about whether we must changes, and a budget that will Mr. PACKWOOD. Mr. President, I ask make tough choices. Indeed, we must produce the long-promised balance in unanimous consent that for the dura- make tough choices. the years ahead.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6967 First, and the direct attention of this billion—without an iota of detail as to corporations and individuals. It is particular amendment. Medicare and how it is to be achieved. wrong to slash at the health care safe- Medicaid savings must come in the There is no way to save $256 billion ty net of the low-income elderly and context of broad health care reform. and cover more people—as Medicare disabled to finance a tax cut that will Anything else is just a guarantee that must, since our population is aging and restore some of the most egregious cor- costs will be shifted to the private sec- more people become eligible for Medi- porate loopholes of the 1980’s. tor. care each year—without shifting costs The Republican budget does more Second, working people should not to others. than that. In a stunning display of in- see a tax hike, by whatever name, Those others will be Medicare bene- difference to real hardship in American when their wages barely raise them ficiaries themselves. This proposal families, the Republican budget would above the poverty level. We should be would mean dramatically higher costs, cut $21 billion out of the earned income encouraging work over welfare, not pe- fewer benefits and a worsening quality tax credit. nalizing it. Work should pay. of care. The earned income tax credit does Third, this is precisely the wrong The Republican Medicare reductions not go to anyone who does not work. It time to make education more expen- are the largest Medicare cut in history. goes only to those who are doing their sive and further beyond reach for the At least half the burden of those cuts best to stay off welfare by working at children of middle-class families. will fall on recipients. whatever job they can find, and by All three of these priorities can be The chairman of the committee that earning whatever an employer is will- protected and should be protected. approved this reduction has already en- ing to pay. It is perverse to tell a But first, there must be bipartisan dorsed the idea of increasing the part B woman to get off welfare and work and agreement that we do not need to cre- Medicare premium to 31 percent of the then to turn around and reduce the one ate new tax loopholes. Our purpose program’s costs. That, alone, will mean work incentive program that actually ought to be to reach a balanced budget, nearly $500 in additional out-of-pocket helps work pay. not to fulfil the tax wish list of our costs to Medicare recipients by 2002. It is contrary to common sense to richest corporate and private tax- It has been calculated that those on dramatically cut back an incentive to payers. Medicare will see a cut of $900 in bene- work so that we can afford to give a About half the budget savings in the fits by the year 2002. The $256 billion in tax cut to some of the most well-off Republican budget come from Medicare savings will be paid for by them—to households and businesses in the coun- and Medicaid. the tune of $3,500 each between now and try. It is good that finally, after resisting The Republican budget also cuts edu- health care reform last year in any then. The budget resolution does not spell cational funding by $60 billion. Student form, after resisting even incremental out where the so-called savings will aid alone is slashed by $14 billion. reform, after repeatedly opposing any- Under the Republican budget, students thing remotely like a reduction in come from. But, coincidentally, the savings raise the same amount of will have to pay higher loan origina- costs, Republicans have admitted, in tion fees and higher interest rates 6 this resolution, that health care costs money as all the CBO proposals for sav- ings already compiled. So, taking those months after they graduate. They will are driving the Federal budget. graduate with a degree and a heavier as a benchmark, we can see the out- But it is bad that they have chosen debt load because the in-school interest lines of what will be cut and who will to deal with this reality—a fact Demo- subsidy will be cut. crats have been pointing out for at pay for it. Who uses the student loan program? Nearly 83 percent of Medicare bene- least 3 years—by simply capping spend- Not the children of the wealthy, whose fits go to persons with incomes of ing and shifting costs to beneficiaries. parents can afford to pay yearly tui- $25,000 or less. Only 3 percent of Medi- I agree with what Senator DOLE said tion costs. It is the children of middle- last year, ‘‘* * * if you only spend so care costs are paid in behalf of persons income working families who rely on much money on health care and you with incomes over $50,000. So whatever loan assistance to get the higher edu- run out of money, you either have to additional costs there are, they will be cation in the first place. ration or raise taxes, or find some way borne disproportionately by those with Today, more than ever, how much to find more money.’’ the least ability to pay. education a person has dictates the So what is the Republican answer to The net effect of this is simple: Extra standard of living he or she will enjoy health care? Impose a cap on Medicaid Medicare costs will eat up Social Secu- throughout life. Every extra year of and shift the whole burden back on the rity cost-of-living increases. The Re- schooling adds an average of 8 percent States. That is the proposal. That publican promise to protect Social Se- to one’s income throughout life. means that when it is time to ration or curity is hollow. One in four Social Se- Equally important is that economic raise taxes or find more money, it will curity recipients rely exclusively on growth depends upon better education be the States that will be forced to do Social Security benefits for income. in our work force. A recent study found it. For these people—among the lowest-in- that increases in workers’ education The budget proposal to reduce Med- come of our retirees—there will be no produced twice the productivity icaid costs by $176 billion will not only more COLA’s, because they will all be growth as investment in new equip- burden the taxpayers of our States, it swallowed up by rising out-of-pocket ment. will threaten coverage for more than Medicare payments., A survey of over 3,000 private compa- 800,000 low-income elderly and disabled The effects of cost-shifting in health nies employing 20 or more workers people. Medicaid is the only source of care have been long studied and are found that a 10-percent increase in assistance for the frail elderly who well known. When providers like hos- workers’ education led to an average need long-term nursing home care and pitals and physicians see repayments 8.6-percent rise in productivity; a 10- who do not have the $38,000 a year that from one source cut, costs are shifted percent increase in capital stock— such care typically costs. to those who will pay—privately in- equipment, buildings, and machinery— Medicaid now provides for 1.6 million sured individuals. If even one-third of led to a 3.4-percent rise in productivity. persons in nursing homes, and nearly the proposed Medicare reductions are Anyone who cares about the future 1.1 million receiving home health care. passed along to privately insured pay- economic growth of our country knows Those funds are not likely to be made ers, it will amount to a hidden tax of that as American companies become up by the States, because the States $40 to $50 billion on businesses and fam- more productive, they compete better are hard-pressed to meet their current ilies in the next 7 years. and find more markets. Anything that Medicaid costs. Instead of reforming the system to helps our firms compete successfully in Instead of seeking to control costs in control costs, it would be the same old a global economy ought to be sup- the system—the only way to ulti- shell game of cost-shuffling, only on a ported and encouraged, not cut back. mately slow health care spending—the much larger scale. Yet, that is exactly what the Repub- Republican budget would shift costs. It is wrong to threaten the health lican budget does. It cuts education by The Republican budget proposes a care security of retired Americans to $60 billion over the next 7 years, poten- precise Medicare savings figure—$256 finance a tax cut for the wealthiest tially cutting out an enormous promise

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S6968 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 of higher productivity and economic I just want to quote this one state- Mr. ROCKEFELLER. The comments growth for our private sector. ment for the Senate, for those inter- of the Senator from New Mexico were It is wrong to reduce our Nation’s ested in where we are, by talking about kind of incidental? commitment to education by the what the President said on October 5, Mr. DOMENICI. Mine were inci- equivalent of 25 percent when edu- 1993. And these are quotes. And I will dental, very irrelevant, trivial. cation is more critical now than it has just read them. That is October 5, 1993. Mr. ROCKEFELLER. I yield the ever been before. It is wrong to reduce Today, Medicaid and Medicare are going up floor. our commitment to a better standard at three times the rate of inflation. We pro- Mr. DOMENICI. How much time of living for our children in order to fi- pose to let it go up at two times the rate of would the Senator like? nance a tax cut for those who already inflation. Mr. GREGG. A half-hour. enjoy high living standards. And now these are the very inter- Mr. DOMENICI. All right. And then It is wrong to cut back on the door to esting words. Senator PACKWOOD is in charge of the opportunity in our society. It is the That is not a Medicare or Medicaid cut. time on our side. I yield the floor. wrong priority. Only in Washington do people believe that no The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Despite assertions that the Repub- one can get by on twice the rate of inflation. ator from New Hampshire. lican budget would go after corporate And I have a little parenthesis; there Mr. GREGG. I thank the Senator welfare, there is not a single corporate was a laugh in the crowd. from New Mexico. welfare cut in this budget resolution. So, when you hear all this business about I wish to simply congratulate him on Instead, we are being asked to cuts, let me caution you that that is not his excellent brief and incidental state- squeeze Medicare recipients, to burden what is going on. We are going to have in- ment because I think it summarizes a new graduates with an extra $3,000 or creases in Medicare and Medicaid. lot of the concern that many of us have so in debt, and deny the lowest-paid, Now, essentially, Mr. President, and as to the duplicity of this administra- hardest-working Americans a tax cred- fellow Senators and those interested, tion on the issue of Medicare and how it. Republicans cannot find corporate the President of the United States and we should address it. And I wish to get welfare so these are the priority cuts some on the other side of the aisle are into that in some depth. they have aimed at instead. I do not today, Monday, Tuesday, and Wednes- Initially, I simply must respond to think that reflects American values or day going to be saying this budget cuts much of what the Democratic leader American priorities, Mr. President. Medicare and Medicaid. Right? In yel- said, or some of what the Democratic Senate Democrats will respond to low on this one: leader said because I found it to be in- these misguided priorities in this budg- That is not a Medicare or Medicaid cut. consistent in the extreme for him to come to the floor and make the state- et resolution with a series of amend- Medicare is going up 7.1 percent in ment, as a number of his colleagues ments designed to correct them. this budget. Our amendments will preserve the have said, that, oh, we all now believe That is not a Medicare or Medicaid cut. goal of balancing the budget by the in a balanced budget. We all believe in year 2002. Quote DOMENICI? No. Quote President a balanced budget. And, yes, we are Each of our amendments will be fully Bill Clinton. even willing to accept the year 2002. paid for. Saving Medicare and student Now, frankly, I anticipate there will We have heard this from a number of aid will not add a penny to the budget be arguments about he had a com- Members on the other side. But at the deficit. Our amendments will use the prehensive health care plan. The truth same time he gives us a litany, a litany different offsets to preserve the prior- of the matter is the President reduced of areas where we can take no action, ities that we think are important be- Medicare $180 billion and spent it some of areas where we must spend more cause we agree that it is necessary to place else and yet proceeded to say: money. make the choices in order to balance That is not a Medicare or Medicaid cut. He gives us no suggestions as to how the budget. Now, frankly, that frames the debate. they would get to this balanced budget. We just think that a tax cut is ex- The President said it better than we There is no program from that side. actly the wrong choice. We think that can. That is a perfect statement of There is no budget. There is no pro- the budget ought to reflect the prior- what the American people were ex- posal. All we had was the President’s ities of working Americans. We believe pected by our President to believe on proposal and the President’s proposal, our amendments reflect those prior- October 5, 1993. And I believe that is as we now recognize, has been rejected ities and deserve broad support. And the same statement they ought to be- by everyone in this Chamber who beginning with this amendment, we lieve today, even if those on the other voted, the 99 Senators who were hope Republicans will join us in com- side of the aisle and the White House present. ing to a better set of priorities, a more choose to say it no longer. Because it is The President’s proposal was rejected realistic set of assumptions, and a ours, it is our proposal, it is not to be because, on its face, it was outrageous. clear message to the American people said any longer. I do not believe that is It presented a budget which would have that we are on their side. the case. given us deficits of $200 billion or more I yield the floor. Now, with that, we have a number of for as far as the eye can see. It would Mr. GREGG addressed the Chair. Senators who wanted to address this have added $1.8 trillion of new debt to The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. issue. We are under controlled time, an our children’s backs over the next KEMPTHORNE). The Senator from New hour on each side on the amendment. years. And it did not in the slightest Hampshire. Clearly, we are going to use more time way even address the core issues of Mr. DOMENICI addressed the Chair. than that. I am going to yield now —15 what are confronting this country in The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who minutes, 20 minutes, 5 minutes? the area of fiscal policy, which are the yields time? Mr. GREGG. A half-hour. issues of how we manage Federal Mr. DOMENICI. I am going to yield Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Mr. President, spending in the area of the entitlement to the Senator very shortly. if the Senator will yield, ordinarily one accounts. It did not have one sugges- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- goes back and forth between the two tion in the entire budget on that issue, ator from New Mexico. sides, and are we planning to do some- even though some of the leaders in his Mr. DOMENICI. Then I am going to thing different today? administration have said that that is put Senator PACKWOOD in charge of the Mr. DOMENICI. We are going to do the core concern and even though he, 2 time after Senator GREGG speaks. I something different if the Senator is years ago now or a year and a half ago, just want to put up one statement on going to assume that those brief re- said that that was a major concern, as Medicare and Medicaid, and then I will marks are the Republican response to the statement from Senator DOMENICI yield to the Senator for the time he the minority leader. We have not an- so adequately reflected. needs and then Senator PACKWOOD for a swered the minority leader. Senator So I think it is critical for those who reasonable amount of time. He will be GREGG is going to start answering him. are following this debate to understand in charge; I designate him to control And then we will go to the Senator the inherent and incontrovertible in- time on our side. from West Virginia. consistency of the Democratic leader’s

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6969 statement—that they are for a bal- lion of new debt added to our children’s That only compounds the problem if anced budget, but do not touch any- backs as a result of the President’s pro- you do that, of course. It is much more thing that is important, do not touch posal. logical, as the President suggested a anything that we deem to be critical, But if we get on the course of this year and a half ago, to address it and do not try to reform a system which is budget, we will get this under control address it in a constructive and so out of control that it has generated and we will have us down to balance in thoughtful way, which is the proposal this huge deficit and debt that is bank- 7 years, which is the obligation that we we have put forward in this budget spe- rupting our country. owe our children. cifically to do that. And if we are talking about a com- And there is something else that Now there has been a lot of debate mitment to a better standard of living should be noted. When we get out to about the number necessary to get this for our children, nothing could be more this point here, get out to this point trust fund into actuarial solvency, and critical to a commitment to a better here, there is, of course, another way the fact that this number that we have standard of living for our children than that you could address all this Federal in our budget is somehow outrageous, to bring under the control the debt of spending. You could tax people. the number of $256 billion of adjust- this country and the deficit. What does the President’s budget— ment in this fund over the next 7 years, I brought along a chart to reflect not of this year, because he did not which is the number that we feel will that fact. This is the critical issue of want to put this number in—but of last put this fund in some form of solvency this debate. This is why we, as Repub- year tell us the tax rate on all Ameri- and assure that seniors have health in- licans, have brought forth a budget cans would be in order to bear a Gov- surance, which is our goal, to give sen- which is in balance. It is because if you ernment of this size? It would be 82 per- iors health insurance and make sure look at what is going to happen to the cent; 82 percent of everybody’s income they have a health insurance fund. Federal Government in the spending in this country would have to go to the Now we heard the leader come down we are undertaking, we are on a nose- Government in order to bear the bur- here and say that this idea of address- dive to bankruptcy, which we are going den of the Government if we allow it to ing the insurance trust fund by adjust- to end up passing on to our children. continue to grow at that rate. Obvi- ing it by $256 billion over the next 10 The blue squares represent discre- ously, we cannot afford that. years, or Medicare by that amount, is a Now, a large part of this debate has tionary spending, the yellow squares number that is just outrageous and not been about the issue of Medicare. And, represent interest payments, and the obtainable and is a ridiculous number. boy, there has been some significant red squares represent spending on enti- Well, let me refer them to the num- misinformation about that issue float- tlements. The green line is the reve- ber that came from Secretary Donna ed around here. And I am glad the Sen- nues of the Federal Government, which Shalala and Secretary Rubin and the ator from New Mexico started out by have been fairly constant over the last other members of the trustees of the pointing out the distinct difference be- few years. Medicare trust fund. Their number tween what President Clinton said a If you notice—and these are numbers was, in order to get actuarial solvency year and a half ago and what he is say- which come from CBO—if you will no- in the health trust fund over the next ing today about the Republican efforts tice, beginning in about the year 2010, 5 years, we would have to adjust it by in this area. our Federal Government, because of But I think it is important to start $262 billion. That is in 2 years. Remem- the explosion in spending we have un- on this issue with what the problem is. ber, ours is 7 years. And, over 7 years, dertaken as a Government, will only be The problem is pretty clear. It was not to get actuarial solvency, we would able to pay for entitlement spending defined by us. It was not defined by have to adjust it by $387 billion. and interest on the Federal debt. That myself or the Republicans, or the So the number that we are talking means all the discretionary spending Democrats, for that matter. It was de- about, which is $256 billion, approxi- will not be affordable—things like na- fined by the trustees of the Medicare mately, over a 7-year period, is clearly tional defense, libraries, roads, edu- trust fund, ironically, four of whom in the ballpark of the numbers which cation, things the minority leader was were appointed by the President of the are being given to us by the people who talking about, things which we are United States and are members of his are responsible for managing this fund, concerned about. Cabinet, including Donna Shalala, Sec- although there is obviously a merger of Then around the year 2015, we will retary of HHS, and Secretary Rubin. A and B trust fund issues, which is a not be able to pay interest on the Fed- And the problem is that the Medicare really complex issue. In any event, the eral debt. What does that mean? That trust fund is going bankrupt on a much numbers are clearly in the same ball means we are bankrupt; that we, as a faster time track than the country, in park. nation, are insolvent. That means our fact, and it will be bankrupt, according So the idea that our adjustment is children will be living in a country like to the trustees in the very near future. unreasonable or our proposal is unrea- our unfortunate neighbor of Mexico, They are telling us—and this is the sonable in this area is just a lot more which does not have the capacity to trustees’ report—that ‘‘the Medicare smoke and mirrors that we are hearing pay for the cost of the burden for car- program is clearly unstable from the other side as they attempt to rying its own debt. unsustainable in its present form.’’ dance around the basic responsibility What happens at that point? Well, Why are they saying that? Because of that we have, which is to assure sol- our children’s futures become de- this chart here. vency in this trust fund. stroyed because the country will either This is the fund of the Medicare trust So Members on our side have put for- have to go through some huge eco- fund. It goes into bankruptcy in the ward a proposal which, remember, does nomic calamity or else it will have to year 2002. Beginning in about next not cut Medicare funding. In fact, it al- inflate the economy so much that the year, it starts to draw more out of the lows Medicare funding, as Senator dollar will be virtually valueless. trust fund than goes in. DOMENICI noted earlier, to grow at So we, as Republicans, recognize this. What is the practical effect of bank- about 7 percent. This shows 6 percent. We accept the fact that something has ruptcy of the Medicare insurance trust We actually ended up with about 7 per- to be done about this, and we have put fund? It is that there is no health in- cent. Today, the Medicare trust funds forward a budget which gets us to bal- surance for our senior citizens. None. are growing—the rate of growth of the ance over the next 7 years. Because, under the law, they cannot cost of health care costs is around 10.5 This is our budget line, the black pay out health insurance proceeds if percent. That is three times the rate of line. It goes to balance over the next 7 they have no sources to pay it from. growth of inflation in this country years. And the trust becomes bankrupt and today. This is the President’s line, the pur- does not have any sources in the year You might say, ‘‘It’s health care; ple line, estimated by CBO. This is 2002. therefore, it has to grow faster than in- what he told us it was, but he would Now I suppose the Democratic posi- flation.’’ Let me simply note that last not use CBO figures, even though he tion or the President’s position now ap- year in the private sector, the health said he was going to. Even as he told pears to be, ‘‘Well, let’s wait until the care inflation rate was actually a nega- us, we still have a huge gap, $1.8 tril- year 2002 and face the problem then.’’ tive number. It was about negative 1.9

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S6970 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 percent for the rate of growth of pre- care insurance system and apply to it pose different approaches to caring for mium costs in health care last year in some of the same attitudes and ap- seniors, things that are attractive to the private sector. So not only is it proaches that are being used today in one senior group over other seniors— three times faster than the basic infla- the private sector. We are essentially one for eyeglasses, for drugs, one might tion rate in the economy, 10.5 percent, going to say to senior citizens, ‘‘We’re take out the part B premium. Who the rate of growth of Medicare costs, going to give you more choices,’’ be- knows; there will be a lot of variables, but it is actually 10 times the rate of cause that is what has driven the price a lot of options. growth of health care inflation gen- of health care down in the private sec- And No. 3, it gives the Federal Gov- erally in the private sector. tor—competition, choices—and in giv- ernment a fixed cost over an extended So it is explosive, and it is clearly ing seniors more choices, we are going period of time as to how much health not sustainable. It is not sustainable to not force them into other programs, care is going to inflate. from the standpoint of financial viabil- we will make it voluntary. It is only reasonable to assume, al- ity of our country. More important, it For example, I have a proposal—it though obviously difficult to score, is not sustainable from the viewpoint may not be the one finally adopted, but that that fixed cost is going to track of having a trust fund that is solvent I think it makes sense—which says to fairly closely to what has happened in and having a health care system for senior citizens: ‘‘You essentially will the private sector. In the private sec- our seniors that is solvent. have the same choices that I, as a tor, what we have seen is there has What we are suggesting is not radical Member of Congress have, or other been a 50-percent drop in the inflation or unreasonable. We are suggesting a Federal employees have. You don’t rate in relationship to the amount of response which was in the same frame have that choice today.’’ people going into HMO’s and fixed- of reference as what the trustees are Most seniors are in fee for service, cost-based health care plans, and we talking about. We are talking about the most expensive form of health care. may not get that precipitous a drop, slowing the rate of growth of the Medi- They are in fee for service because they but we do not have to, because all we care trust funds from 10.5 percent down grew up that way in the fifties, sixties, are looking for is a 3-percent drop in to approximately 7 percent—7 percent even in the seventies. The only way we the inflation rate. rate of growth. Is that unreasonable? I delivered health care in this country We are not looking to reduce the in- do not think so. It represents twice the was fee for service. You had your doc- flation rate down to zero, as has hap- rate of growth of inflation generally tor, you dealt with your personal doc- pened in the private sector. We are and seven times the rate of growth in tor, but it is the most expensive form looking to reduce it just twice the rate health care insurance premiums in the of medicine. Ninety percent of seniors of growth of the inflation rate, a 7-per- private sector. are in a fee-for-service approach to cent rate. It is very reasonable that we As was noted by the chart put up by medicine. will get that number. There are ways Senator DOMENICI, it happens to be the What I suggest in the proposal I have to assure we can score that number, same number that back in 1993 Presi- put forward, basically the proposal we and we make those proposals in our dent Clinton thought was pretty rea- are talking about generally, is that package. sonable. Not only did he think it was seniors be given a choice, not only to So what we are talking about is not reasonable, but Hillary Clinton, his use fee for service, but to use other limiting seniors’ opportunities, we are wife, thought it was fairly reasonable. forms of health care, health care which talking about giving them more She said: is less costly in its rate of growth but choices, more chances to go to the We feel confident we can reduce the rate of delivers just as good health care—man- marketplace and find better care, types increase in Medicare without undermining aged care, fixed-cost care, PPO’s, of care that will be more attractive to the quality of Medicare recipients. HMO’s, things that most Americans, them and more appropriate to their And Ira Magaziner, her guru of especially in the private sector, are fa- personal position. In the process, we health care, said: miliar with today. hope to get these types of reductions in Slowing the rate of growth actually bene- We are not saying to seniors, ‘‘You the inflation rate that the Federal fits beneficiaries considerably because it have to go into a PPO or HMO.’’ We are Government is paying. slows the rate of growth of premiums they going to say, ‘‘Listen, if in your area of Is this not reasonable? I suggest to have to pay. the country it costs $5,000 a year to you that the President thought it was So the administration, a year and a take care of your fee-for-service health reasonable a year and a half ago; that half ago, when they were not thinking care, then, senior citizen, to the extent Ira Magaziner thought it was reason- about reelection so aggressively, was that you can go out in the private sec- able a year and a half ago; that Hillary talking about slowing the rate of tor and you can buy a health care sys- Clinton thought it was reasonable a growth of the health care fund, just tem which delivers you the same basic year and a half ago. about what we were talking about benefits package, and maybe even more What has happened? The argument today. Maybe they were going to slow because there will be competition is, ‘‘Well, this isn’t part of a com- it a little more, in fact, if you look at there, but for less, let’s say it is for prehensive health care reform.’’ I re- their numbers. $4,500, we will let you keep 75 percent member comprehensive health care, So what is the practical application of the savings. Seventy-five percent of and I am sure you do, too. That is this of how do you get to a 7-percent rate of that $500 savings will go to you.’’ chart here where the Federal Govern- growth, because that is where the rub- So there will be a significant eco- ment comes in and takes over the pri- ber hits the road. Who is going to be nomic incentive to senior citizens to vate sector. I do not think we have to impacted? Who is going to be affected? move from fee for service into managed do this in order to get Medicare’s infla- Who is going to have to take the slow- care, if they decide to do so—they do tion rate down to twice the rate of in- ing down? not have to do it—if they decide to do flation in the private sector. Basically, what we have seen in the so. I do not think we need to have com- private sector is that as the market- That type of approach creates three prehensive health care reform, and I place is changed and health care deliv- different positive events. think that has been shown by a number ery has moved into the 1990’s and on, No. 1, it gives senior citizens the op- of factors. that the manner in which health care portunity to look at other health care Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Will the Sen- is delivered has changed and, as a re- plans and gives them a financial incen- ator yield for a question? sult, we have seen more efficiencies in tive to do it and, obviously, health care Mr. GREGG. At the end of my state- health care delivery, and that is why incentives to do it. ment, I will be happy to yield for a the price of health care has gone down, No. 2, it creates in the marketplace question. that is why we have seen the inflation competition. It means a lot of different The point is that Medicare is a sys- rate in the private sector drop. plans are going to come forward that tem which is out of kilter, and that if What we are going to suggest as a we cannot even imagine, because the you want to move it into a system that party, and we think it is fairly reason- marketplace is much more imaginative is in the 21st century instead of in the able, is that we take the public health than the Government, and we will pro- 1960’s—which is where it is now—you

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6971 do not need to take over the private I will be happy to yield, if I have any solvency of the Medicare hospital trust sector to do that. It is the public sector time left, to the Senator from West fund is not a new finding that was just that is failing to keep the costs under Virginia for a question. discovered this year. The Medicare control, not the private sector. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- trustees sounded the alarm, in fact, The idea that we need to nationalize ator has approximately 8 minutes left. about the short-term insolvency of the the private health care system in order Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Mr. President, I Medicare Program several years ago. to get to a correction of the Medicare will just proceed with my statement, For the past few years, the Medicare and Medicaid system is ridiculous. The and I thank the Senator from New trustees have urged action on some- President has, in fact, acknowledged Hampshire. thing called comprehensive health care that. Secretary Shalala, before the Mr. GREGG. I yield the rest of my reform. They have urged that we do Budget Committee, said they were no time back to the manager of the bill. comprehensive health care reform to longer perceiving that they needed The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- address our country’s overall systemic comprehensive health care reform in ator from West Virginia has the floor. problem of rising health care costs that order to get Medicare reform. They ex- Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Mr. President, are, in turn, draining the hospital trust pected to have targeted—I presume parliamentary inquiry. The Senator fund and the pockets of American fami- they meant insurance market reform, from New Hampshire had a certain lies and businesses. which we will probably have down the amount of time because he was granted In fact, the chart that the distin- road. All of that can be accomplished, that by Senator DOMENICI. But other guished senior Senator from New Mex- of course, and Medicare reform can be than that, there is no control of time, ico had giving a quote of President accomplished at the same time. is there? In other words, time is con- Clinton was said within the context of So we, as Republicans, are not pro- trolled here, 6 hours on one side and 6 doing comprehensive health care re- posing the devastation of the Medicare hours on this side, but not any auto- form in which a whole variety of cir- system. In fact, we are proposing just matic amount of time for each speak- cumstances would come into play; and the opposite. This chart reflects what er? it was not just about cutting Medicare the trustees have told us, which is that The PRESIDING OFFICER. Time is and Medicaid, it was about changing the Medicare system is going to be being yielded off the resolution. There the entire system. And they have se- bankrupt in 7 years, that there will be is no consent agreement that has been lected out a sentence which fits their no system. That has to be corrected, entered into. current argument. But it does not fit and the senior citizens of this country Mr. ROCKEFELLER. As for indi- the current argument, in fact, because will be given a system which is solvent. vidual Senators? it was about a comprehensive health We have done it with a budget that The PRESIDING OFFICER. That is care reform approach that he was tak- happens to get in balance at the same correct. ing at that time—and he was not suc- time. Mr. ROCKEFELLER. I thank the cessful, as the Presiding Officer and the Is that inconsistent or ironic? No. Chair. American people well know. Statements like the minority leader The amendment that I sent up on be- As my colleagues know full well, made may be inconsistent or ironic. half of Senator LAUTENBERG and my- President Clinton responded to the But it is fairly logical that if one of the self, and other Senators, was not ex- warnings and to the alarms by putting primary reasons you are spending more plained because the reading of it was a comprehensive health care plan on than you are taking in is that you have cut off. So I thought I would just give the table for congressional consider- a Medicare system on the verge of a very quick explanation of what the ation. Now, one can argue that it did bankruptcy, when you correct that sys- amendment does. not get very far. One can argue that tem and get that self-righted, at the The Republican Senate budget reso- nothing happened at all. I would argue same time you are going to assist in lution sets up a $170 billion reserve that it was dead on arrival, because the getting your budget under control, fund for cuts. The Republican budget interest groups that did not want to which is exactly what we end up makes room for even further tax cuts, see it succeed had a several month lead doing—getting the budget under con- in fact, beyond the $170 billion if they on television in terms of discrediting trol—and the Medicare effort is part of are financed with spending cuts. That the program and talking about it as so- that exercise. And in the process, we is in the resolution. Under the budget cialism and a Government takeover. make the Medicare system solvent. resolution, Medicare, which is our sub- The Government takeover argument is What is it all about in the end? Very ject of this day, would be cut by $256 the one I particularly love. When peo- simply, it is about making sure that billion. Medicaid would be cut by $175 ple use that argument, I take out my when our children get to the year 2015, billion over a period of 7 years. The Government takeover card. when we pass on to them this great and Rockefeller-Lautenberg amendment I belong to the largest Government wonderful Nation, that at that point, simply would restore, of the $170 billion program in the country. But, this is a they have a Nation whose Government reserved, $100 billion now reserved for Blue Cross/Blue Shield card. Senator is not in bankruptcy; that they have a tax cuts, and it would put that money PACKWOOD, who is pacing the aisles on Nation which is able to sustain their back into Medicare and Medicaid. That the other side, probably carries the prosperity the way it was able to sus- is the entire purpose of the amend- same piece of plastic. tain our prosperity. If we do not do ment, and I want my colleagues on The last I heard, Blue Cross/Blue that—by that, I mean the Bill Clinton both sides to know that. Shield is a private company. postwar baby boom generation, of Mr. President, I rise today to note In any event, the health legislation which I happen to be a member—we several points. Over the past few did not get anywhere because it was will end up being the first generation weeks, many of my colleagues on the buried under a cloud of Harry and Lou- in the history of this great country other side of the aisle have been trying ise ads and a lot of money. It was very that has passed less on to our children to portray their intention to cut Medi- sad, in fact, I think, because a lot of than was given to us by our parents. care benefits as necessary to save the the problems we are now facing are be- That is not right and it is not fair. Medicare Program. They point to the cause of the failure of this body to ad- We were sent here to do a job and projected insolvency of the Medicare dress comprehensive health care. that was to straighten out the fiscal hospital trust fund in 7 years and say The President’s plan not only ad- house of this country. This budget does that immediate action is necessary to dressed rising health care costs in the that job. And in doing that, it also ad- maintain its solvency. They are work- Medicare program, but rising health dresses the fiscal house of the Medicare ing to save the Medicare Program, not care costs for all American households insurance system, which is equally des- to dismantle it. That is the way the and businesses, and especially small titute and insolvent. logic is presented. businesses. Therefore, I strongly urge the Senate Frankly, I question their motives. I Mr. President, I strongly agree with to reject the amendment which has had heard nary a word about the Medi- my Senate colleagues who urge imme- been proposed by the Senator from care crisis from my colleagues until diate attention to the very serious South Dakota. very, very recently. But short-term problem of solving the trust fund. That

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S6972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 is a very serious problem, and it is the doctor they want or go to the hos- red lining, medical underwriting, pol- something to worry about. pital they want. If an HMO is available icy cancellations, job lock, families So far I have not seen a single serious in an area, seniors can sign up with an paying more and more money for fewer proposal that really addresses the sol- HMO. They can often times receive ad- and fewer benefits. vency of the trust fund. Therein lies a ditional benefits for so doing. But they As I know the Presiding Officer real problem for me. In writing, not a have all of those options open to them knows, that is now what is happening proposal; on paper, not a proposal. In right now. in the private sector in so many com- rhetoric, not really a proposal. Up until very recently, the Medicare panies. Companies are many times now I have heard a lot of rhetoric about Program outperformed the private sec- saying, ‘‘Yes, we will insure you, the restructuring and giving seniors more tor in holding down its costs. Over the employee, but we will no longer insure choice, but all I have seen and read past couple of years, Medicare costs your dependents.’’ But, then again, by about, and what is actually in the have been slightly higher than the pri- the year 2000, 50 percent of people who budget resolution, are huge cuts in vate sector costs, as I will get to in a work for a company will not receive Medicare—historic, unprecedented cuts moment—about 1 percent. any health insurance benefits at all, if in Medicare—to reduce the deficit by Realize that the private sector is, in CBO is correct. the year 2002. Huge cuts in Medicaid, fact, insuring fewer and fewer people as There has been an incredible amount also. the days, weeks, and months go by. In- of rhetoric about expanding choices for The House-passed tax cut bill actu- deed, it is projected, as I know the Pre- seniors. I was very active over the past ally raids, as the minority leader indi- siding Officer knows, that by the year 2 years in health care reform and there cated, raids the Medicare HI trust fund 2000, 50 percent of Americans who work was constant talk that health reform by $23 billion. That has not been point- for a company will receive no health would reduce choices. ed out very much on this floor. Now, insurance benefits from that company. It is funny, I guess, how last year op- we are the Senate, not the House, but Now, over the past couple of years, as ponents of health reform tried to scare the House has presented its plan and I indicated, Medicare costs have been people about the Clinton plan by tell- the Senate has not. slightly higher. Then again, Medicare’s ing people it would take away their A raid of $23 billion on the Medicare enrollment is increasing. People are freedom to choose their own doctor, HI trust fund actually moves forward getting older faster. The fastest grow- which in fact is not true; it did not. the date of the insolvency of the trust ing age group is the 84-year-old and The truth is the President’s plan would fund by 8 or 9 months. So they, in their over age group. have greatly expanded the health care wisdom, made the problem worse inso- Also, Medicare pays for home care choices that Americans have today. far as the trust fund was concerned. services and skilled nursing home care, But that has done nothing to stop peo- I have yet to see a serious role from types of services that are not normally ple from misrepresenting the Presi- my Republican colleagues about ensur- covered under private insurance plans. dent’s plan, because a dead plan is easy ing that the Medicare program will According to the CBO projections, to misrepresent. Just a few months ago still be solvent when the baby boom Medicare is actually projected to grow I read a document released by the of- generation comes into full play, about by only 1.1 percent more than private fice of my colleague from New Hamp- the year 2010. We are in the easy period health insurance over the next 7 years, shire, Senator GREGG, who was speak- now. This is calm time. A calm sea. It our budget window. And enrollment in ing only a moment ago, that said: begins to change shortly after the turn that figure is factored out. So it be- The Clinton health care reform plan pro- of the century. comes a more honest figure because we jected $207 billion in savings under Medicare, I hear no acknowledgment from my do not have the increased number of forcing all seniors into managed care sys- colleagues that Medicare is, in fact, people. tems with per capita spending limits. the most successful insurance program Medicare, in fact, is projected to That is not true, that was never true, this country has. There may be some grow by 8.3 percent a year on a per per- about the Clinton plan. That is false. who wish to debate that. I would wel- son basis; private health insurance is Now these same people are using the come that. projected to grow by 7.2 percent a year same powerful theme of choice as a The Medicare Program provides uni- on a per person basis; that is a 1.1 per- way to disguise their own plan to cut versal coverage for all seniors. There is cent difference over the next 7 years. Federal spending on Medicare. They not a senior that does not have health Medicare insures older people and the are planning to force seniors to pay insurance, and does not know that disabled—people with health needs, more out of pocket for their health when he or she wakes up in the morn- people with terrible health needs and care, and actually offer this as a sav- ing or goes to bed at night. There is no preexisting conditions. Remember, the ings to the Medicare Program. Not need to have an annual tabulation on private market casts them off to the only does this strike me as disingen- the number of 65-year-olds without in- side. It should not be a surprise to my uous, but it ignores the real problems surance. We do not have to do that be- colleagues on either side of the aisle that our senior citizens have. cause it does not exist. that Medicare’s per-person health care I, frankly, have never had a senior We have to do that, of course, for costs are projected to grow slightly citizen complain to me in the 31 years children in this country. We have to do ahead of private health insurance that I have been in West Virginia about that for women in this country. We plans. Medicare not having enough choices. I have to do that for men in this country Mr. President, I have heard a lot of have heard complaints about Medicare, who are under the age of 65, but not talk about needing to move the Medi- but not about Medicare not having over the age of 65, because they are care program into the 21st century by enough choices. They tell me they can- covered by Medicare. Everybody is cov- restructuring. I guess I do not share an not afford prescription drugs and Medi- ered. We are, in that respect, like every enthusiasm for certain aspects of our care does not provide those, or that other modern industrial nation in the private health insurance system as they have long-term care needs and world, for 65 years and older. much as some of my colleagues. The Medicare does not provide for those. Medicare does not deny medical cov- Medicare program, in fact, was estab- But I have never heard a single com- erage because of a preexisting medical lished because private health insurance plaint from West Virginia senior citi- condition like most private insurance refused, failed, to provide affordable in- zens that they do not think they have plans. Medicare does not charge sick surance to senior citizens. That is why enough choices. people more for their health care, like we did Medicare in the first place, be- Just yesterday I received a letter most private insurance plans. Medicare cause private insurance would not in- from a West Virginia senior who lives allows seniors to continue seeing their sure seniors. in Mason County. She gets by on her lifelong doctor and go to any hospital Now, many of my colleagues like to Social Security check. That is it for they want. talk about the wonders of the market- her. Right now she cannot even afford Now, one can attack the fee-for-serv- place. I understand that. Some remark- to buy her heart medicine. It costs $138 ice concept, but one cannot say that a able things are happening in the mar- a month. Fortunately, her doctor pro- senior is denied from seeing precisely ketplace. But I still see cherrypicking, vides it to her without cost. She said

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6973 ‘‘If anything happens to him I don’t amounts of money will have disastrous people that they will be able to live know what I will do.’’ She also said, consequences on health care providers their lives in dignity and security far ‘‘It’s frightening to think that you and beneficiaries. That is the short past their working days; that the have worked all your life and to have it term. Rural hospitals in, I think, all of sweat, the labor, the intellect and the taken away is very frightening.’’ our States will close in the aggregate care that they put into building Amer- And then she said, ‘‘If Senator by the hundreds. Doctors will shun ica and in keeping our Nation strong ROCKEFELLER cannot help us, who some Medicare patients in some States and prosperous will be appreciated and can?’’ Well, I hope I can help. I will do for the first time. Medicare bene- valued when their resources wear out. all I can to help this good lady from ficiaries, which is seniors and the dis- We, the Federal Government, made a Mason County. But to say something abled, will learn firsthand what Med- promise and no amount of bookkeeping that I think casts a pall over this en- icaid beneficiaries have had to cope should ever sway us from that promise. tire debate, and is deep within my own with in trying to get a doctor to treat worry and concern about the future of So instead of seeing a bankbook in them when reimbursement rates are Medicare, we should see an investment, America and American health care and set so very low. Medicare and Medicaid in particular, I not made by us but made in us. And it I talked to a doctor in one part of our is our responsibility to ensure that in- do not think I am going to be able to State the other day, 2 weeks ago, who help her. Because I do not think there vestment of both funds and faith is al- told me he was seeing 65 patients a ways worthwhile. are going to be enough people voting in day. He is now in a managed care pro- the way that I do to overcome the So, Mr. President, before we go too gram and therefore his reimbursement far into looting Medicare we would do number of votes on the other side of is much less per patient. I know him. the aisle. well to strengthen it so that a pledge He is a very fine, good person. But, in given to the Nation can be fulfilled I predict that a majority—the Repub- order to keep up a living standard he lican Party will vote virtually en bloc many generations over. has to see 65 patients a day. And I hon- on this matter, and that there will not I thank the Chair. I yield the floor. estly do not know how you can see 65 be enough Democrats to counter that patients a day without quality suf- Mr. PACKWOOD addressed the Chair. by virtue of our numbers, and that we fering. Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Senator LAU- will lose, and the lady, my constituent I could not do 65 appointments a day, TENBERG does not appear to be on the from Mason County, will lose. And she individual appointments a day in my floor. will have to depend on her doctor pro- office. How can a doctor do 65 appoint- Mr. PACKWOOD. If the Senator will viding her with her heart medicine at ments a day? But he is doing that be- yield, I talked to Senator LAUTENBERG, $138. and will have a unanimous-consent re- Mr. President, even a $256 billion cause he is in a managed care program Medicare cut will do very little about and he has to do that because he is quest between the two of us. the long-term solvency of the Medicare being reimbursed less for each patient. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- hospital trust fund. At most, these So, again the question of quality and ator from Oregon. kinds of huge cuts may add a few more how that plays. Mr. PACKWOOD. I talked to the Sen- There is, I think, a right way and years of solvency to the hospital trust ator from New Jersey. He agreed I fund—a few more years. I would hardly there is, I think, a wrong way to go would go next. I do not know how much consider this, however, saving Medi- about assuring the short-term and time I will take. I am handling the care. A few more years; 2 years, 3 long-term solvency of the Medicare floor for Senator DOMENICI now. I ask years? It is not exactly saving Medi- program. I believe the Republican pro- unanimous consent that when I am fin- care. Given that the baby boom genera- posal is the wrong way. ished Senator LAUTENBERG be recog- Under this way—the wrong way—up tion will just begin relying on Medi- nized. to 55 percent of seniors’ Social Secu- care in the year 2010, so anything only The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there rity COLA will be eaten up by in- a few more years down the line will be objection? Without objection, it is so creased Medicare costs to that senior. worth very little in 15 years. ordered. If my colleagues truly cared about For the one in four Americans that rely on Social Security for their entire Mr. PACKWOOD. Mr. President, I al- protecting the Medicare program they most do not know where to start. would realize that taking the Medicare income, this is brutal hardship. Under the proposal before us, Medi- There are so much misimpressions, half debate out of the budget debate is es- truths, bad statistics that you do not sential. And it may be that my col- care’s growth rate per person will be cut below the growth rate of private know whether to start at the very be- league from the State of Oregon agrees ginning and shoot down two or three with me on this. They say they intend health insurance per person. That is an important statement. The rate of and then try to do something sequen- to do that, but in a different way, a tially. So I will start as follows first. way that I disagree with. I think plug- growth will be less under Medicare Let us define some things we talk ging a figure into their budget resolu- than under the private system, seri- about. The word ‘‘cut.’’ Only in Wash- tion that adds up to $256 billion in ously again threatening health qual- ington, DC, in my experience in any Medicare cuts does not fool anyone. It ity—65 patients a day, 70 patients a municipal body that I know of, not in does not fool any seniors in our State. day? the State legislature when I served Listening to talk shows and partici- The amendment that Senator LAU- there, the term ‘‘cut’’ meant spending pating in radio talk shows in the last TENBERG and I are offering on behalf of less than we spent last year. If we couple of weeks is providing clear evi- a number of our colleagues is not going dence of that to me, about what seniors to solve the Medicare solvency prob- spend $1,000 on the fire department this in West Virginia believe is about to lem. I do not pretend that it will. The year, and we spent $900 the next year, happen to them, and which I am afraid budget resolution before us will not that was a $100 cut. And all of the is about to happen to them. solve the Medicare solvency problem. budgeting that we did, when I served in It is a deep fear. We desperately Our amendment is about setting prior- the State legislature, was based upon need—and this is where I hope my col- ities. what we spent last year, what we are league from Oregon might agree with Before we start legislating any new going to spend next year, and in almost me—we desperately need a bipartisan contracts with America, let us not for- all cases it was up from what we had process to put Medicare on sound fi- get about a contract that we already spent last year. I think that is prob- nancial footing for the long term. We have with America’s seniors, their fam- ably true of most cities and counties. need to move past the current rhetor- ilies, and future generations. For all But in Washington, DC, we define ical budget-driven debate to the most our zeal for deficit reduction—and that ‘‘cut’’ differently. important issues at hand, how best to is good, that is well-meaning, well-in- We say if we spent $1,000 on the fire keep Medicare dependable, secure, and tentioned, profoundly important, nec- department this year, and we had valuable to seniors for generations. essary work—we have lost sight of planned to spend $1,200 on the fire de- The short-term budget need of cut- what Medicare is all about. It is a partment next year —‘‘planned’’—but ting Medicare by unprecedented promise. It is a pledge to the American we are in a budget, so we are only

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S6974 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 going to spend $1,100, in Washington, imbursed hospitals based upon their ful term—that ‘‘demand would rise to we do not call that a $100 increase. We costs. It would be as if you were to say supply.’’ So long as you had doctors call it a $100 cut. We never spent $1,200 to a trucker, will you truck my load of that would perform cataract oper- on the fire department. We never spent tomatoes from California to New York, ations, you ended up doing more cata- more than $1,000 in our lives. Yet, my and I will reimburse you your costs. ract operations than you would other- good friends from across the aisle in The trucker loads up his truck with wise do. So normally you thought this the Democratic Party are talking tomatoes and he takes off. He needs year there is going to be 100,000 cata- about Medicare cuts. more gas. He comes to the gas station. ract operations and we are only going Mr. President, there are no cuts. No point in stopping at the self-service to reimburse the doctors $100 an oper- I want to explain how we got to the station and saving 15 cents a gallon. He ation, and you think if we hold it to situation we are in, the financial bind will have somebody fill it up for him, 15 $100 an operation, then we will save that we are in. In 1965, we enacted cents more a gallon. Add it on to the money. But the next year you end up Medicare. We estimated that the hos- cost. No point in staying at Motel 6 at doing 200,000 cataract operations. You pital part of Medicare—now first let me $25 a night when you can stay at the do not save money. define what I mean by the hospital Hilton and add it on to costs. So that did not work very well. And part. We on the inside refer to part A of Pretty soon, hauling the load of to- there was no real competition. Medicare as hospitals, part B as doc- matoes across the country gets to be So, let us get to the use of this word tors. We estimated in 1965 that in 1990 very, very costly. And finally the ship- managed care, health maintenance or- we would spend $9 billion on hospitals. per says, ‘‘Listen, your costs are too ganizations, preferred providers. They That was our estimates, 25 years out. high. What I am going to do, I will give are all variations on a theme. A health Actually, in 1990, we spent $67 billion. you $100 a day, $150 a day. You figure maintenance organization is basically Were we off. We were off by a factor of out how to make it. You don’t want to an organization that says we are going close to 700 to 800 percent; just missed haul it for that, I will find somebody to attempt to restrain your and our it. else.’’ health costs by having you receive Or, take a look at the first full year We live with all that when we travel most of your health services in our or- of Medicare spending, in 1967. The first in our States. We are given a limited ganization. year we spent on everything, hospitals, amount of money we can spend. Per On the west coast, we are very famil- and doctors, $3.2 billion. This year we diem it is called. We can spend it on a iar with it. We first saw it heavily are going to spend $178 billion. How did hotel or spend it on meals or spend it again in the Kaiser operation. It start- we miss so badly? on things that we are allowed to spend ed in California—Henry Kaiser was Here is what happened initially. We it on but you cannot go over a certain from California—and in Oregon because started down the road on a cost-plus amount and you cannot have three ex- at the same time that Mr. Kaiser built basis, a term from World War II. We pensive meals a day and stay in a rea- the three shipyards in Portland and at were in a bind. Japan had bombed sonable hotel and stay within a reason- the zenith of World War II was employ- Pearl Harbor, Germany was succeeding able amount. You learn to have a mod- ing 30 percent of the adult labor force, in running rampant all over Europe. est breakfast and a light lunch, or you he also had a health plan for all of We got into the war. And the war was learn you can do just as well at the those 30,000 workers plus their depend- our priority. hamburger stand as the Hilton Hotel ents. We argue today about defense spend- and live within it. By the time you counted husband, ing. Defense spending today may be Hospitals never had to do that. For wife, a couple kids and you were em- around 4 percent of our total gross do- the longest period of time, we reim- ploying 30,000, 30 percent of the adult mestic product, around 21 or 22 percent bursed them on their costs. Now, what labor force, you are covering an im- of our budget. To put it in perspective, goes into the cost of a hospital? It is mense portion of the population, and at the height of World War II, 1944 and not just the doctor. It is not just the this was the opportunity for a managed 1945, defense spending was 40—4–0—per- anesthesiologist that gives you gas, type of care. This was the Kaiser cent of our entire gross domestic prod- whatever he gives you when they are health plan. You used the Kaiser doc- uct and 90 percent of the Federal budg- operating. Everything goes into it—all tors and the Kaiser clinic. And Kaiser et. We were a war machine. And we of their labor costs, all of their meal was able to restrain costs by managing were not too worried about costs. When costs. You have an executive dining care much more than what we called all of a sudden you are asking the Gen- room for doctors with gold-plated han- fee-for-service doctors or fee-for-serv- eral Motors plant to shift in 6 months dles on the toilets. It is all part of their ice hospitals. from making Chevrolets to making cost. Back in the early days of the Kaiser tanks and they had been used to work- The hospital would estimate what organization it was very suspect. Its ing a dayshift only, you say you want their cost was per day, per patient. By doctors were not allowed to join the them to work three shifts a day and the time you add all of their costs to- local medical societies. There was ac- you want them to work Saturdays and gether, whether that is a parking lot, tually a lawsuit brought against one of Sundays and get this done—and hang whether that is janitorial fees, you add the Washington Kaiser doctors who had the costs—we need the tanks. it all together, and kind of figure a per just put a sign over the entrance to the We saw it in Oregon in the shipyards. day cost and you say to Medicare, well, Kaiser clinic about Kaiser Permanente, Henry Kaiser, great industrialist, put it cost $500 a day to run our hospital. a good health plan, or something like up in a short period of time three im- That is our costs. that, who was sued for advertising. I mense shipyards in the Portland met- And there was no limit, there was no mean it was ridiculous. ropolitan area and at the zenith of the limit on doctors early on. Doctors The fee-for-service doctors hated Kai- war was employing 30 percent of the would perform a service. My cost was ser. Kaiser was an early entree into adult labor force, and toward the end of $100. Send it in. We reimbursed them. managed care, but they managed to the war was turning out in one of the Finally, it is no wonder that Medicare hold their costs down. yards what were known as baby flat costs exploded beyond belief, when you I can recall in the late 1950’s I was a tops. It is a small aircraft carrier. They are reimbursed with no restraint. labor lawyer in a law firm, large law were turning out one aircraft carrier So we started about 10 years ago at- firm in Portland. I was the low man on every 7 days. Today we spend 3 or 4 tempting to restrain payment for the totem pole in the labor law divi- years building aircraft carriers. costs. We set up a variety of commis- sion. And even in those days some of How can you do it in 7 days? You can sions. We would say to a doctor we are the employers in Oregon, some of the do it in 7 days—and hang the costs—it only going to give you so much money big ones, some of the small ones, con- does not matter. The priority is the for an appendicitis operation, so much tracted with Kaiser for their health war. money for a cataract operation. services. As I recall, the plans were This in essence is what happened But we discovered that the delivery then $30, $40 a month. If you were an with Medicare. We had no restraint on of medical service was amazing, and— employee and you did not want to use cost. We reimbursed doctors, and we re- Senator MOYNIHAN has used a wonder- Kaiser, you could opt out. I do not even

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00026 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6975 think there was an additional fee for substance, of any overwhelming con- Blue Cross/Blue Shield is our biggest opting out. sequence, in Medicare managed care. carrier. In 1984, Blue Cross/Blue Shield The thing that intrigued me was For managed care enrollment for the had zero in managed care. Today, as I that, on a voluntary basis, most of the whole Portland population, not just recall—that was 1984—10 years later, employees in these companies used Medicare beneficiaries, but everybody, they are at about 65 percent. By the Kaiser. Kaiser was very good about Portland has 64 percent enrollment. end of 1998, they plan to be at 90 per- coming over with sort of a little mobile Bear in mind, people do not have to cent in managed care. van, medical truck for lack of a better go into managed care. On Medicare es- Now, what is the effect of all this? term, and they would try to do some pecially you do not have to go into Here is the essence of the difference. primitive exams, what we call annual managed care. It is voluntary. If you The difference is because of this long, physicals today, but they were doing want to keep the normal Medicare sys- long experience with managed care— them in a mobile van. And I cannot tem you have now and be treated that which no other State has. There are a even remember what they looked for in way, that is fine. Why would people go couple that are close, but most of them those days, but they were trying to in there? They go in for a very simple have managed care in the zero to 5 per- screen, they were trying to catch, they reason. The managed care providers cent, 5 to 10 percent. were trying to prevent, because they provide more benefits than Medicare. Oregon continues to increase man- knew full well prevention was cheaper I will read you across the list. Here is aged care. By the end of this century, than hospitalization. the ‘‘Shopping for Health Care’’ and it I would wager that counting both I well remember their testimony be- lists six major companies in Oregon Medicare and the non-Medicare popu- fore the Oregon Legislature saying that sell Medicare managed care poli- lation, Oregon will have 90 percent that it was not the hospital operations cies to Oregonians. Let us just take managed care. per se that were cheaper. What Kaiser prescription drugs. Medicare does not Because of this long history of man- said was, ‘‘We are better at not hos- provide prescription drugs. aged care, Oregon has been able to re- pitalizing as many people, because we In First Choice—that is the name of strain its costs and give options in catch the diseases earlier in our pro- one of the HMO Oregon plans—dis- terms of plans and doctors that abso- gram’’. counts available. Preferred Choice, lutely beats the medical costs of any So we had this history of managed part of HMO Oregon, but in a different other State. care in Oregon. The term is HMO, area, discounts available. Good Health We are the lowest per capita cost health maintenance organization. You Plan, discounts available with the State in the Union. And it is not be- also have something called a preferred basic plan and in the plan plus it pays cause we are a low-income State. We provider organization. This is a variant 50 percent for prescription drugs up to are about in the middle; sometimes we on the managed care theme in which, $100 a month. For Kaiser Permanente, are above the middle, sometimes we an insurance company, like Blue Cross/ it pays 70 percent of prescription costs are below in terms of income of our Blue Shield, says we will write an in- up to $50 maximum per prescription. citizens and other prices. But we are surance policy covering you but you On PACC, it has discounts available. not a poverty State in the normal must use our list of doctors. And they Now you come to SelectCare. They do sense of the word. But our per capita will have a list of 100 or 200 or 500 doc- not cover drugs. They are like Medi- health care costs are the lowest in the tors. And so long as you use those doc- care. And then on Secure Horizons it is country. tors—it is a very wide choice—they discounts available, mail order and I will give you a comparison. Now have agreed with the doctors they are walk-in. this is for Medicare per capita costs. In going to pay them a certain price for You have a variety of different Oregon, the average Medicare per cap- certain things and no more, and the choices. And all of these companies ita cost is $3,300 a year. We are at the doctors agree to that and the patients compete with each other. And you talk top. The bottom is Louisiana, at $5,400 are referred to those doctors. about the number of doctors that are a year—same kind of operations, same And the preferred provider organiza- available? First Choice has 500 primary kind of doctors, same kind of anesthe- tion type of managed care, called PPO, care and 1,200 doctors including spe- siologists, same kind of hospitals, worked out pretty well, too. Both of cialists that you can choose from. That $2,100 a year difference per Medicare them, HMO’s and PPO’s, are managed is a reasonably adequate supply of doc- enrollee. Louisiana has almost no man- care. Both of them save money over tors to choose from. aged care. what we call a fee-for-service style of Preferred Choice has 300 primary care Let us just split that difference. Let health care. The problem is in most doctors, 1,000 including specialists. And us assume you do not get everybody parts of the country they are not used you go on, and there is none that has down to Oregon’s Medicare per capita to managed care. less than 400 that you can choose from. cost of $3,300, where you have a $2,100 I will give you some rough statistics, So you are not hard pressed to get the difference. Let us just assume you and I have picked these statistics be- care you want. could save $1,000 a year. The savings is cause they are the States of the prin- And why do people go there, in addi- $40 billion a year in the Nation. That is cipal sponsors of this amendment. tion to getting better service, better $280 billion over 7 years. That exceeds In Oregon—and this is Medicare cov- service than they are getting in Medi- the savings that we’re trying to get in erage in health maintenance organiza- care? Again, they do not have to go this bill. tions, not the entire population—in the there. They can keep the usual fee-for- Can it be done? You bet it can be Portland area, we are now slightly in service Medicare service. done. It is being done. Will it all hap- excess of 50 percent of the Medicare pa- Another reason is that they are used pen next year, like that? No it does not tients in managed care. Throughout to it, if you have gone there all of your happen next year, like that. the State, it is 30 percent managed life. But if we start moving toward man- care, but increasing rapidly. Managed Here is what happened. The Kaiser aged care, we will soon find that in- care obviously starts in the urban shipyards closed at end of World War stead of States being at 2 or 3 percent, areas first and then moves out into II. The Kaiser health plan was so pop- they will reach 10 or 20 or 30 percent. Of rural areas gradually. ular that when they sold the company course, you do not increase in quantum But I wish to put it in perspective by and the shipyards closed, Kaiser con- leaps of 10 or 20 or 50 percent per year. comparison to several other States. tinued on with its health plan, in es- But, whether you start from zero or 5 For Medicare managed care enroll- sence opened it up to the public. And, percent managed care coverage, you ment, Oregon is 30 percent, Massachu- clearly, by the midfifties to the late can get to 50 percent pretty quickly be- setts is 6 percent, New Jersey is 2 per- fifties it was a very significant pro- cause you will find that once people cent, South Dakota is zero, and West vider of health care in Oregon, this have managed care, they will choose Virginia is 2 percent. managed care plan. managed care voluntarily because of So in essence the States represented Today, it is growing in leaps and better service. by the principal sponsors of this bounds. I am doing this from memory, Let us assume that we cannot save amendment have no experience of any but I do not think I am off 5 percent. $280 billion a year over 7 years. Let us

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S6976 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 say it takes time to move toward man- This is done without any decline in Can we do it without cutting services aged care all over the country, so we service. This is done with better serv- and benefits? We have proven you can save half as much, $140 billion. Nobody ice—because people in managed care do it. is getting less service. Everybody is are getting better service or they I am going to emphasize again, Mr. getting the choices they want, and would not be joining it—than they get President, in the Portland area, over 50 they can stay in Medicare fee-for-serv- from Medicare. They get prescription percent of the people on Medicare have ice plans, if they want. But let us say drugs in most cases, if they want to chosen these private insurance plans you save $140 billion. choose the plan that has it. No wonder rather than straight Medicare. None of Now let’s take a look at Medicare they join. them have to. It is totally voluntary. Part A and Medicare Part B and how It is just that these plans do not have The Medicare payment goes to the we pay for each. a lot of enrollees or do not exist in insurance company and their insurance Here, again, I want to emphasize the some States and they could in most company gives them these benefits in a difference. Part A is hospitals; part B States if we encouraged it. And every Medicare managed care plan. It is is doctors. Part A is paid for out of one of these plans has to offer the basic cheaper and better than the present your payroll tax. You pay 1.45 percent Medicare services. You cannot go below Medicare system, or otherwise people and your employer pays 1.45 percent. it. You can offer more, like prescrip- would not leave the fee-for-service sys- And then we recently increased the tion drugs, but you cannot offer less. tem. taxes on Social Security from 50 to 85 I can picture the savings that we As I say, I will predict by the end of percent on the upper earning income would make if we allowed these plans this century, 5 years from now, that all Social Security recipients and we took to offer less if they wanted. Let us say of Oregon—maybe the Portland metro- that 35 percent and we put it into this you are a wealthy retiree, and for the politan area, with the rural areas part A hospital trust fund. And this life of me, I do not understand why we slightly behind—Portland will be trust fund owns some bonds and they do not income relate some of these ben- roughly 90 percent for all of its health had a slight surplus for awhile. They efits—let us take this part B that I am care coverage in managed care and get interest on the bonds. So you have talking about, where you are paying a Medicare will be someplace, in the these different sources of payments certain percentage. Portland area, 70 and 80 percent man- coming into the part A hospital trust You are paying about 31 percent and aged care coverage. fund. the Federal Government is paying 69 So the answer is, yes, we can do it. Part B is doctor services. From the percent of the premium. It is the same Therefore, when people say the Repub- very start, it was funded different than 31 percent regardless of your income. It licans want to cut Medicare, first—here part A. From the time Medicare was is the same dollar amount whether the it is. This year, we are spending $178 adopted onward, we said the patient only income you have is $10,000 a year billion on Medicare. What the Repub- will pay part. We said that the Federal from Social Security or whether you licans are suggesting in the budget res- Government will pay part out of the are J. Paul Getty’s heirs. They pay the olution is that we spend as follows on general funds, not out of our payroll same amount of money you do. Medicare over the years: 1996, $187 bil- tax, out of the general funds, every- There is no reason why somebody lion; 1997, $197 billion; 1998, $213 billion; one’s taxes. We put up about $45 billion who has $50,000, $100,000, $150,000 in re- 1999, $227 billion; 2000, $244 billion; 2001, a year out of the Federal Government tirement income, other than Social Se- $262 billion; 2002, $283 billion. General Treasury for that. curity—and by retirement income of Mr. President, by anybody’s defini- When we started out, it was agreed $100,000, you have to have assets of tion, that is not a cut, that is an in- that the patient would pay 50 percent about $2 million—there is no reason crease every year. Is it as much as we and the Federal Government would pay why they could not pay a bigger share would otherwise spend if we did not 50 percent. Had we held to that, Part B of their premium. have any restraint? It is less than we would be in good shape now. But it Because you know what you have would spend if we did not have any re- gradually dwindled down 45 percent, 40 now, you have some poor devil working straint. It is about $367 billion more percent, 35 percent, until it finally got in a mill—if the poor devil has not been than we are spending now if you add up as low as 25 percent and was causing a put out by the Endangered Species the years. tremendous drain on the Treasury. So Act—that is making $25,000 a year and So I am going to say, in conclusion, now it is set at 31 percent. However, paying his taxes into the general fund that this can be done. But one thing I the 31 percent expires and it is due to to support someone who has $100,000 a want to say—I do not want to say ‘‘in go down to 25 percent. year in income, and these taxes in the conclusion.’’ I have a couple more Bear in mind, originally it was in- general fund have to pick up 69 percent facts. tended to be 50 percent. If we did noth- of that fellow’s premium. One is there has been an argument ing but hold the part B percentage that It is not fair. We ought to means test about the Medicare trust fund—this is the Medicare recipient pays to its cur- it. We ought to pick up more money part A—in bankruptcy. Is it bankrupt? rent 31 percent, same percent it is now, doing that. We have to say to the rich: It clearly is. instead of letting it drop to 25 percent, ‘‘You have to pay more of your bene- Here is what has happened. On aver- that picks up $61 billion over 7 years; fits. You can afford it.’’ age—I am averaging these off, and I that is, if you could keep it where it is. Can we do it? You bet we can do it. will average it to the nearest thou- (Mr. KYL assumed the chair.) We are often compared to Germany and sand—on average, a one-wage-earner Mr. PACKWOOD. Do you know what Canada. People say, ‘‘Well, they have family with a spouse will pay in over would happen if you were to go back to single payer.’’ Germany does not have their lifetime of earnings into Medi- the 50 percent that was agreed upon? single payer. Single payer is where the care, about $60,000. That counts your You would pick up $173 billion in the Government collects all the money and payroll tax, your employer’s payroll next 7 years. pays all the bills. Anybody who thinks tax, part B premiums and income taxes Now, nobody is talking about that, when the Government collects all the of yours devoted to Medicare part B but if we did that, all we would be money and pays all the bills it is get- and any interest that is paid on the ac- doing is keeping Medicare as it was in- ting efficiency is dealing with a dif- cumulated money until you retire. You tended when it was passed. ferent government than I have dealt have husband, wife, one of them work- Now let us halve the difference. Let with over my life. ing, the other not, paying about $60,000. us say you were to go up to 35 or 36 per- We will be compared to Germany or On average they will collect in bene- cent and you pick up somewhere be- Canada and they say, ‘‘Their health fits about $185,000, roughly $125,000 tween the current $61 billion and the costs are much lower than ours.’’ It is more than they pay in, on average. $173 billion. I will take a guess at $80 to no wonder. For years they have not re- Well, it is obvious you cannot run on $90 billion. You add the $140 billion you imbursed on a cost basis the way we that basis very long. saved on managed care and you are do. What happened in 1992 with Medi- now at $230 billion. With managed care, can we get our care? The Medicare trust fund for hos- We are now at $256 billion. costs under control? You bet we can. pitals started to pay out more money

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6977 than it took in in taxes. It did have call the reserve—that is a misnomer, as balance, a $170 billion surplus. They some extra sources of revenue. It held that assumes you have money. have said this will be the case if every- some bonds. It did have a surplus. It If we pass the balanced budget, it is thing else is in place at the end of this held some Government bonds and in- a three-step process. We will be debat- process, which is going to be, my guess terest was paid on the bonds, so they ing this particular resolution for the is, October or November. collected that money. They did have a next 4 or 5 days. If we adopt this budget What do the Democrats want to do few people that belonged to the Rail- resolution, it is a broad outline of the now? That reminds me. It has been 25 way Retirement System, and they paid money to be saved. years since I have seen a balanced taxes into it and got some coverage. It It does not specifically say here is budget. And I will believe it when I see was a relatively small amount. where you save money in Medicare, or it. I will believe it when this process is Then, finally, a year or so ago, we here is where you save money in de- over. took the cap, as we call it, off of wages. fense, or here is where you save money But if, by chance, we make it and if We used to limit the amount of tax in education. the Congressional Budget Office says that you had to pay on Medicare to a It is a broad outline of we would like there is $170 billion extra, what do the certain fixed amount. It was the same to save x amount of dollars in Medicaid Democrats want to do? Spend it. The amount as Social Security, and you or in defense. This resolution is then Democrats say, do not try to reform paid it up to a certain amount of parceled up and given to the commit- Medicare, or do not try to get Medicare money. tees of jurisdiction in Congress. enrollees into managed care, do not try Finally, we took the cap off and said The Armed Services Committee will to get veterans service for less money. you are going to pay this Medicare tax get the defense portion and they will Spend it. on everything you make, $200,000, have to live within the totals. My com- That has been the answer to our $300,000, $400,000, pay it. So all of this mittee, the Finance Committee, which problems for too long. You may have went into the fund, but by 1992, we are I chair, will get Medicare and Medicaid heard the Democratic leader say today paying out more than we are taking in and welfare and earned-income tax that these tax cuts are going to go to in taxes. credit, and we will have to live within the wealthy and the Republicans can Next year, 1996, we will pay out more the totals. give their fat cat friends tax cuts. There is no tax cut in this budget in total than we take in from all We all give our recommendations resolution that we are talking about. sources, and next year onward—inter- back to the Budget Committee in a cer- There is in the House’s. That is not the est on the bonds and everything else— tain time and say here is how we have budget resolution that we are talking from next year forward, the only way met the totals. Then we put that into about. In this Senate budget resolu- that Medicare keeps its head above a big process called reconciliation and tion, there is no tax cut for the rich, water is it is going to liquidate the that bill is brought to the floor and the poor, not for anybody. We are re- bonds, it is going to sell the bonds. voted on. serving the decision as to what to do I am not talking about interest on The second part is passing this budg- when we get to the end of this process the bonds. Medicare is going to take its et. That is the real vote. That is where the real outlines are reduced to spe- if we have a $170 billion surplus. bonds to the Treasurer of the United If I had any druthers about it, my cifics. That is the second part. States and say, ‘‘Here, we have a $100 preference would be to pay off part of The third part is, will the President bond. We held it in our surplus. Give us the past debt with any surplus. Lord sign it? Because he can veto it. But it $100.’’ knows, that is not going to be a pop- will be balanced, and that will be the By the year 2002, the bonds will be ular idea, I am sure, if we have this third part. gone. There will be nothing left in the money. trust fund, and we are already paying If, at the end of this process—I have So we may get into a debate at that out more money than we take in in been here 25 years, and the last time I time as to whether or not, with this taxes. saw a balanced budget was in 1969, and $170 billion extra over 7 years, whether By everybody’s estimate—liberal, that was by accident; we did not plan a we should spend it or give it back to conservative, Congressional Budget Of- balanced budget. But the economy was the taxpayers. If we give it back to the fice, Social Security trustees’ report— a bit better than we thought it was taxpayers, we will debate who should everybody says that to meet the short- going to be, and when the economy is get it, what is the best form of tax, and range test of financial adequacy, just better, revenues come in better and, by should we have a capital gains tax and 10 years, we are about $145 billion to accident, we collected more money a $500 tax credit, and should you limit $165 billion short. than we thought, and we did not have it to people who make over $100,000 a There are three ways you can make time to spend it, so we had a slight sur- year so the rich do not get it? That is it up. You can raise taxes. That is basi- plus. That was in 1969. a debate for another time. cally the Democrat’s answer and has Well, if everything works right in There is nothing in this budget reso- been their answer ever since Medicare this budget process, if there is no lution that says there is going to be has been short of funds—raise taxes. phony budgeting—and so far, there has any tax cut. I would be the happiest You can cut benefits, and here I use been none—and, interestingly, the guy around if next November we have the word ‘‘cut’’ in the exact sense, and press, who does not like some of our done everything we say we are going to this is what the Democrats accuse us of priorities, has not criticized this budg- do and the Congressional Budget Office doing. We are not talking about cut- et as being unreal. comes to us and says we have $170 bil- ting benefits. We are talking about a Always, in the past, the press has lion extra. I have not done tumbling combination of managed care and pay- talked about blue smoke and mirrors, since I was 10 years old at the YMCA. ment on part B premiums, and we can and moving the pea around under the But if we do that, I will do a back flip save the trust fund. shell. They have said this is a real on this floor. At the same time that you save it— budget and they are starting to say to So I suggest that we simply get on that is a budget savings, I am not try- the Democrats, ‘‘Where is your real with this debate. We are going to have ing to cover that up—but whether or budget?’’ ample time again. If this resolution is not we have a surplus in our budget or Let’s assume that all of the commit- adopted, we are going to have ample a deficit in our budget, the trust fund tees report back to the Budget Com- time to debate the nature of the Med- for Medicare is short and will be gone mittee and it is all put into this rec- icaid restraints in growth and the na- in 7 years. onciliation package and it passes and ture of the Medicare restraints in So that we ought to save, in any the President signs it. Then, the Con- growth. event. And if in the savings it helps on gressional Budget Office, which is a Do not worry; there is not going to be our budget problem in addition, so group of professionals that advise us, any debate about cuts. We will have a much the better. That is nothing to be they work for us and advise us as to debate about whether we should en- ashamed of. the economic effects of what we have courage people to move toward man- What does this amendment do? I love done, have said that there will be an aged care in Medicare. There will an- this. This amendment takes what they additional, over 7 years, beyond the other debate—and it is going to be an

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S6978 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 interesting debate—about whether we yield such time to the Senator from tax cuts. We are not taking them. We should say that some plans on Medi- New Jersey as he requires. are opposed to them.’’ However, the care can be allowed to sell a policy if it Mr. LAUTENBERG. I thank the Sen- budget resolution stores away $170 bil- provides less than the current Medicare ator from West Virginia. lion on the other side, and over $350 bil- benefits if a senior wants to buy it? Mr. President, Senator ROCKEFELLER lion on the House side, specifically ear- I will give an example. You do it with and I have sent an amendment to the marked for tax cuts, principally for the normal insurance all the time with a desk. It is cosponsored by Senators MI- wealthy. homeowner’s policy or a car policy, KULSKI, KENNEDY, DASCHLE, If my view and the view of my fellow where you have a $250, or $500, or $1,000 WELLSTONE, and BOXER. Democrats, these priorities are fun- deductible. It depends upon the loss This amendment, Mr. President, is damentally wrong. In our view, Gov- you are willing to bear. The more you based on an amendment that I offered ernment must stand on the side of ordi- are willing to bear, the less your policy last week in the Senate Budget Com- nary Americans. costs. Should we consider selling a pol- mittee. It is pretty simple. It takes up Mr. President, nothing better illus- icy or allowing a policy to be sold that to $100 billion from funds set aside for trates the fundamental difference be- says: Mr. or Ms. Medicare recipient, we tax cuts for the wealthy and puts them tween our two parties than the budget will guarantee to pay all of your med- into Medicare and Medicaid. I would resolution’s drastic cuts in Medicare— ical expenses over $3,000 a year if you like to repeat that this amendment again, socked away for tax cuts for the will pay all of your medical expenses eliminates any suggested tax cuts for rich. It is denied, it is not stated, but it up to $3,000 a year? My hunch is that a the rich and puts the proceeds into is very clearly in the air. fair number of people will buy that Medicare long-term care. To Democrats, this kind of proposal kind of a policy voluntarily. Somebody Now, Mr. President, the budget reso- is just abhorrent. It runs completely else might want a policy that pays all lution that we are considering today contrary to everything we stand for as of their expenses over $100 a year. We forces Members to make a fundamental Democrats. It will hurt millions of or- could allow that to be sold, too. decision. It is a decision about what we dinary Americans around our country. As we can see, Medicare recipients There was the wonderful idea you stand for. Whose side are we on? The are people of typically very modest heard Senator GREGG from New Hamp- debate on this resolution is going to re- means. Seventy-five percent of these shire talk about. If we say the average veal a fundamental difference between people have incomes of less than $25,000 Medicare cost now throughout the our friends on the Republican side and a year. I know that in high-cost places country—and Oregon is way lower than those on the Democratic side. like my own State, like New York average—is $5,000 a year, and we are As Democrats, we believe that Gov- State, like other industrialized States, going to give you a voucher and the ernment was meant to serve average $25,000 a year does not permit the basic voucher is worth $5,000. You can go out Americans, middle-class families, who necessities of life, especially when con- and buy health insurance with it. You struggle to keep things afloat; senior sidering that over 20 percent of their citizens, who struggle to make end’s can shop around in Oregon with dif- income is needed to supplement the meet on a fixed, often modest, income; ferent plans. I will bet if every Medi- Medicare health benefits that they al- and children, the future of our Nation. care recipient had a voucher, you ready get. By contrast, the Republican Party would have 12 or 15 plans all competing Thirty-five percent of these people has a very different philosophy and a with each other. live on less than $10,000 a year, or make If you said: I feel pretty healthy and different constituency. The Contract less than $10,000. Twenty-five percent I have retirement income of $25,000, With America and the budget resolu- of them rely solely on their Social Se- $30,000 a year, so I will take a chance tion before the Senate today is de- curity checks. That is tough going, es- and buy that policy that I pay the first signed to serve the most powerful and pecially when the prospects are that $3,000, and Medicare and my company wealthy members of our society. It has they will have to pay a lot more for that I buy it from pays everything a group of winners. If a person makes their health care in the future. above $3,000. Let us say that policy—I $350,000, that person will get a $20,000 On top of this, we see on the chart am guessing that a policy like that tax break. There is protection for cor- and are reminded that seniors already would not cost $5,000 a year; it prob- porate subsidies. And a number of tax paid 21 percent of their income on out- ably would cost $3,500, maybe $3,000 a loopholes have been protected—as of-pocket medical expenses. If someone year. Let us say $3,000. So you have usual. is earning $25,000, 20 percent, roughly saved $2,000 out of what we are other- On the other hand, it impairs the $5,000, on top of their Medicare pro- wise paying for Medicare. Medicare program that served our sen- gram. If we say if you buy that kind of a ior citizens so well for 30 years. It Despite, however, interestingly policy, you can keep $1,500, and give us leaves intact a variety of subsidies and enough, the high out-of-pocket costs $500 back, you bet we would save a lot loopholes for the wealthy, and it lav- and the lack of adequate medical care of money. There are so many options, ishes massive new tax cuts for the rich. coverage for prescription drugs and so many varieties, so much diversity The losers are ordinary Americans. long-term care, Medicare recipients are and competition that helps deliver Medicare, for a senior citizen couple, is basically happy with the program. good service in this country that we going to cost that couple $6,400 more The polls that have been done, the have proven works. So let us get on over the next 7 years. In the last year analysis that has been developed, we with the debate, and about 3 or 4 of that 7-year cycle we are discussing see that 89 percent of the senior citi- months from now, we will have the de- with the budget, it will cost around zens—the Medicare beneficiaries—89 bate over the specific Medicare and $1,800. We chopped away at education. percent say they are basically satisfied Medicaid programs that we will sug- And we increased taxes in place after with the quality of care that they de- gest to meet these totals. place for hard-working Americans. rive from Medicare. That will change if Will they be cuts? Absolutely not. Mr. President, yesterday I had a this resolution is approved. They will be increases from what we radio call-in show to New Jersey. Per- Mr. President, we simply cannot cut are spending now. Will we give people son after person—these were working $256 billion from Medicare without hav- more choice than they have now? You people, some retired—who said for ing a real impact on senior citizens. bet. Will a person be able to shop for goodness sake, please put aside that Now I have heard our colleagues from delivery systems that give a variety of tax cut. We do not need it. We would the other side say, ‘‘No, no, it is not a services? I hope so. That is a debate for like to have it, but America needs our cut. You do not understand it. Demo- another time. It is not the debate for help more at this time. And my kids crats do not understand it.’’ People today. will need help more one day in the fu- across the country must not under- I yield the floor. ture. stand it, because I get lots of phone Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Mr. President, I noted with interest and pleasant calls saying, ‘‘Whatever you do, do not restraining myself from getting into surprise that seven colleagues on the permit them to go through with this.’’ debate with the Senator from Oregon other side of the aisle, Republican It says it is intended to reduce the over his closing paragraphs, I would friends, U.S. Senators, said, ‘‘Forget growth in costs for Medicare. Medicare

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00030 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6979 is going to get more money than it family where my mother was widowed to pay higher deductibles or copay- does today. But that does not account when she was 36 years old. I was 18. I ments when they go to the hospital. It for the swelling of the population or had already enlisted in the Army. My will help protect against the serious the long-term needs of that population father died. We were left worse than decline in the quality of their health or the services that they need as they penniless. There was no health care care. It will help ensure that seniors age and as their health deteriorates, plan around to take care of us. The are not denied the freedom to choose which is natural in older people. These family owed $2,000 to doctors and hos- their own doctor. And it will help en- cuts threaten to force seniors to pay pitals, which we had to pay over a sure that the Federal Government higher premiums, higher deductibles, lengthy period of time, I think about a keeps its promise to senior citizens and higher copayments. And it also year and a half. I sent home my allot- who paid and labored in good faith. threatens to undermine the quality of ment from the military. And I worked We are discussing a bill to achieve a their health care, which they are con- like the devil to build a business with goal, a balanced budget goal. And I tent with, if not to deny many seniors hard work and with the help of loyal think it is fair to say that almost the right to choose their own doctor. partners. And success came our way. every one of us, Democrat or Repub- These cuts will fundamentally change But I remember a period of time lican, would like to achieve that goal. Medicare and make it a lesser system, when my father had to resort to the The question is how does it get done? much more costly and less complete. WPA, for those old enough or knowl- Does it get done by assigning taxes to How do we do this to people with edgeable enough about that period, to senior citizens, higher taxes? Does it whom we have engaged in virtually a try to keep food on the table, to try to get done by taxing students who want contract? How do we violate our word? have a job that would permit him to to further their education but will have How do we breach that trust? lift his head up and not be disgraced by to pay substantially more in the $4,000 The Republican cuts in Medicare are the fact that he had to resort to Gov- to $5,000 range, on average, to get their wrong. They break a promise with our ernment help for his family. college education? Or to deny modest- Nation’s senior citizens, people who So my success did not come from any income families, with incomes under have worked often their entire lives inheritance. It came because I worked $28,000, their earned income tax credit? and have paid into the Medicare pro- for it, and I did it the old fashioned Everyone knows how tough living on gram. For this hard work the Federal way, the American way. And as a con- that kind of income is. By saying to Government promised health security sequence, when I talk about ordinary them, no, no, you are going to have to through Medicare. This budget resolu- working people I know very well what pay more taxes, the three—the seniors, tion breaks that promise. It will force they are going through and I want to the kids who want to go to school, and senior citizens to pay, as we saw ear- try to give them an appropriate help- the modest-income people—you have to lier, approximately $3,200 individually ing hand where necessary. And this is pay more taxes so we can balance the in additional Medicare costs; that is where it is necessary. This is a com- budget and, by the way, on the trail to $6,400 for a retired couple, a $6,400 tax mitment that was made to people, peo- a balanced budget we are going to drop increase over the next 7 years, to re- ple who helped build this country to its off some tax cuts—$20,000 if you make tired persons. greatest levels after World War II, after $350,000 in a year. It sounds like a lot of Further, these are just average fig- first, in many cases, serving in the money to me. ures which grossly underestimate the military during that period of time. Mr. President we will hear a lot of real impact for many seniors, for those It is not fair to our Nation’s seniors. denials. We have heard them this who are at the bottom end of the in- It is unfair, and for many it is calami- morning from the other side of the come scale, for those whose health care tous. People can weave and dodge, aisle. They say, no, there is not a tax needs accelerate substantially, for wink at the truth and say, listen, just cut for the rich in this resolution. It is those, frankly, in the greatest need. remember, we are in the Budget Com- not here. They will say the House has The added costs would be a terrible mittee. I am one of those. And we can- a tax cut for the rich. No one is fooled burden. not tell the Finance Committee what by these denials. The resolution that This last chart kind of sums it up. to do. But individual Members of this comes before us contains the fund, the The budget that is proposed, the Re- body have said that they stand on a slush fund to reach into and pull out a publican budget: $6,400 tax increase for commitment to give tax cuts and that tax cut for the rich. every senior couple, and for people on they would do whatever they could to the upper end of the scale, earning block a budget resolution that does not According to some estimates, this $350,000 a year, it is a $20,000 bonus. include them. And the Republican slush fund will contain about $350 bil- I have been lucky in my lifetime. I Party, in charge in the House, made it lion for tax cuts over 10 years—not just developed a good business. As a matter very specific. They set aside the fund- the $170 billion that people talk about of fact I helped develop an industry. ing, $350 billion in the contract on over the next 7 years. And I am a member of, though it is not America. I think it is outrageous. Why The House hit the number on the an auspicious hall of fame, but there is should we make senior citizens, 75 per- head, $350 billion. I do not think that a hall of fame called the Information cent of whom make under $25,000 a the intention is to deceive or to fool. Processing Hall of Fame, that puts year, pay more so we can give a $20,000 But the result comes out that way. Are New Jersey as the only State with two tax cut to the richest 1 percent of the the American people supposed to be- Hall of Famers, BILL BRADLEY in bas- population? Where is our sense of prior- lieve that the Republican budget will ketball and me in information proc- ities? Where, for that matter, is our not cut Medicare to pay for tax cuts for essing. The kids just run after me for sense of fairness and decency? the rich? The American people know my autograph. But the fact of the mat- We would be a lot better keeping a better than that. They are not going to ter is, I have been successful in busi- promise that we had, taking care of the be fooled by the rhetoric. ness and as a result of that I have en- education of our children so they can If anyone has any doubts, consider joyed the fruits of that success. And help lead this country in the next cen- what happened during the Budget Com- this is one U.S. Senator who is not tury to a more competitive position mittee’s deliberation on this resolu- ashamed of his success. I understand and regain the leadership that this tion. I offered an amendment that one of my colleagues complained about country so rightly deserves and has had would have required a 60-vote super- being lectured about programs for mod- in the past. This amendment is an ef- majority to cut Medicaid or Medicare est-income people, poor people, by fort to reverse these misguided poli- to pay for a tax cut for the rich. I did those who inherited their wealth. cies. It will take the money that is not have much Republican support. As I know lots of people with inherited being set aside in the slush fund for tax a matter of fact, if memory serves me wealth who turned out to be selfless, cuts for the rich and leave it in the right, it was nobody, no one, who said, giving citizens who have turned back Medicare and Medicaid Program. That ‘‘Yes, we are willing to test this Sen- their energies into the community to is where it belongs. ate. We are willing to put the test to try to make it a better place. But The amendment will help ensure that our colleagues in the Senate. We will speaking for myself, I came from a the Medicare recipients will not have require 60 votes to cut Medicare

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00031 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S6980 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 and Medicaid to pay for a tax cut.’’ No- tax cuts for the rich. There are no tax has spent the last 18 years of his life body came through. cuts in the resolution we are consid- taking care of and working with Medi- As a matter of fact, it was so extreme ering—not for the rich, not for the care patients. I have personally treated and the attitude was so harsh, so rigid, poor, not for the middle income, not thousands of Medicare patients, and I that I offered an amendment that said for Congress, not for veterans, not for have seen the beauty of that system, let us get after the Benedict Arnolds in Medicare beneficiaries, not for any- that the system works, and that it is our society, the expatriates who take body. That is a decision we may or may an effective system. their fortunes that they have made in not consider when this resolution is But I have also seen the problems this country and renounce their citi- adopted. We may have tax cuts, and we with Medicare that we have today; the zenship, and go to another country so may not have tax cuts. fact that it is a system that works, yes, they do not have to pay State or other They love arguing over the House but a system that can be improved and, taxes for the privilege of living in budget resolution which does have tax in fact, must be improved if it is to be America. I said let us do that, let us cuts, and not this resolution which has saved. cut that out—it is over $3 billion for a no tax cuts in it at all. In addition, I have two 84-year-old period of 7 years—and give it to vet- I yield 15 minutes to the Senator parents. Both Mother and Dad have erans programs. I could not even win from Tennessee. been beneficiaries of the Medicare Pro- this commonsense amendment. Mr. LAUTENBERG. Mr. President, if gram for collectively almost 40 years; This morning I had a phone call to a the distinguished chairman of the Fi- to treat a heart attack, bypass sur- veterans hospital in New Jersey. There nance Committee will permit me for a geries, a broken neck, a broken arm, is a new program that I helped get put moment, and our friend from Ten- phlebitis. My remarks are made from into place. It is bedside phones. It is to nessee, as well, just to say, while it is this perspective, with a desire to pre- give someone who is confined to bed or not specifically earmarked, there are serve Medicare, to improve it. a wheelchair or is immobile a phone distinguished Members of this body Several quick points. First, Medicare alongside their bed so they can commu- from that side of the aisle who say that is not Social Security. If there is one nicate with their families, so they can this bill without a tax cut is not going thing I hope the debate today and Mon- have some contact with the outside anywhere. The distinguished majority day will bring forth, it is that Medicare world, and not have to go down the hall leader made himself very clear on what and Social Security are two entirely and stand where everybody is smoking he expects. He expects a tax cut to re- different programs. Second, Medicare, if we do nothing, and wait to put a quarter in the tele- sult from this bill. will be bankrupt in 7 years. phone. I know it is the province of the Fi- The Medicare public trustees, David That program had struck such a cord nance Committee. But we had a long Walker and Stanford Ross, in their with the people in the veterans hos- debate in the Budget Committee about summary of the 1995 Annual Medicare pital, but when it came to saying OK, it was not for tax cuts and it was for Trustees’ Report, said very clearly: we want to recapture the taxes that tax cuts. At one point, it was kind of * * * it is now clear that Medicare reform these people are evading by running squeezed out that it was for tax cuts. out of the country after they made it needs to be addressed urgently as a distinct At another point, it was said, ‘‘Well, here and lived here and renounced their legislative initiative. that is not our decision to make.’’ In that same document, these public citizenship, and give to the veterans, I Whether it is done in all fairness could not get one Republican Member Medicare trustees say, and I again with a wink of an eye or the implicit to say, ‘‘FRANK, that is not a bad idea. quote: suggestion that, OK, it is there. Listen, Let us at least try it.’’ We feel strongly that comprehensive Medi- So I think, Mr. President, it is fair if the Finance Committee elects to care reforms should be undertaken to make that it reflected an attitude. It is evi- give it to a tax cut program, why, that this program financially sound now and over dence. It says that we are going to take is up to them. But seven Members of the long term. it from modest-income people, and we the Senate from the Republican side Finally, they say, in that same docu- are going to give some of it to the rich, were so discomforted by the notion ment: people who do not need it, and in many that tax cuts are being considered that We strongly recommend that the crisis cases do not even want it. People I they renounced them immediately. presented by the financial condition of the have spoken to have said let us invest I think it tells you something. Medicare Trust Funds be urgently addressed Mr. PACKWOOD. Mr. President, he on a comprehensive basis, including a review in our society. In Speaker GINGRICH’s and I agree. He does seem to say there of the program’s financing methods, benefit world, it is the crown jewel of the Re- provisions, and delivery mechanisms. publican agenda. There is no way to are no tax cuts. He says, ‘‘Well, there is Third, let me say once again that in get around that. a reference to them. There is a discus- So when we get right down to it, this sion about them. I am discussing them. 15 years, unless we do something, that amendment is simple. It asks each Sen- There is a possibility at the end of this spending on Medicare, Medicaid, Social ator to decide what we said initially: process, if there is $170 billion, that we Security, Federal and military pen- Whose side are you on? That is what is might have tax cuts. I am not sure who sions, and interest on the debt will con- going to be judged as we count the they might be for, or I am not sure sume the entire Federal budget, leav- votes. That is what I stand for. That is what geographic area they will cover, ing no money for defense, for edu- what my Democratic colleagues stand or income groups they will cover. But cation, for roads, or any other pro- for, and I think it is what the Amer- at least he and I both agree there is grams. Yes, we must act now, and un- ican people believe in. It is the right nothing we are debating today that less we take some action, it is very thing also for our Nation. says there has to be any tax cut. clear, that if spending continues at the We have an opportunity to prevent With that, I would like to yield 15 same rate Medicare will go bankrupt in our senior citizens from being socked minutes to the Senator from Ten- just 7 years. with a $6,400 tax increase. Let us say no nessee. The proposed bill before us is the to tax cuts for those who have the Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Mr. President, I first step because it will save Medicare wealth. Let us say yes to our senior ask unanimous consent that after the in the short term. But the second step, citizens and the middle-class families Senator from Tennessee has spoken, and one that we have not talked very who help support them. that the Senator from Maryland, Sen- much about thus far, is the specific I urge my colleagues to adopt this ator MIKULSKI, may speak. policies needed to preserve Medicare in amendment. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there the short and long terms. The Repub- With that, I yield the floor. objection? Without objection, it is so lican balanced budget includes a provi- Mr. PACKWOOD. I am going to yield, ordered. sion for the establishment of a bipar- in about 30 seconds, to the Senator The Senator from Tennessee is recog- tisan commission to make very specific from Tennessee for 15 minutes, but I nized. recommendations on the solvency of want to say one thing in rebuttal. Mr. FRIST. Mr. President, I rise to Medicare, both in the short term and in You will notice the Senator from speak as a physician, someone who the long term. This bipartisan commis- New Jersey kept talking about these speaks from personal experience, who sion will include appointments from

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00032 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6981 both sides of the aisle to address the cisions are made here over the next 7 It is my understanding that Presi- fundamental challenges before us. years. I can tell you, as I look back at dent Clinton believes Medicare reform And third, as has been pointed out, the alternatives, the past failures of must be confined to wholesale, com- we do need to update the Medicare Congress have not left seniors with plete, overall reform of our health care structure. We need to bring it into 1995, choice in Medicare and really have not system, of all aspects. Well, that was 1996, and 1997 terms. And herein lies the left taxpayers or providers with much rejected last year by the American peo- reform effort. But as has been pointed choice. Failure for us in this body to ple. I also understand that the two out, the budget resolution before us address the problems driving Medi- trustees representing the public re- today only sets the target numbers. care’s cost growth will only cripple the ported to Congress that Medicare ur- The actual policy decisions on how to future of our health care system. gently needs to be addressed and, as I meet those targets will be made by the My appeal is very different from said earlier, should be considered as a various committees of jurisdiction, and what we have heard over the last hour. distinct legislative initiative. they will be made with the input, the My appeal is for bipartisanship, and I support the establishment of this bi- I, for one, am willing to consider all advice, the counsel of this bipartisan solutions to Medicare’s insolvency. I commission and their recommenda- partisan commission put forth in this bill. The budget resolution in this bill would love to review plans put together tions. in a bipartisan effort. The one thing I Mr. President, I do bring a different sets a reasonable target. It allows Medicare to continue to grow at more ask, because this is what my patients perspective to this budget debate than have told me, is that we must address many of my colleagues, for several rea- than twice the rate of inflation. No, not 10 percent as it has historically, Medicare’s pending bankruptcy so it sons. First, I am a newcomer. I have will be here in the next 7 years. The been here only 5 months. I have been a but over 7 percent. Last year, President Clinton recog- President’s budget clearly failed in member of the Budget Committee. I nized that the program was that department. participated in that debate. And I ap- unsustainable at a growth rate three First, as a newcomer, I would appre- preciate that opportunity and that times the rate of inflation and pro- ciate learning from my colleagues, challenge to address this overall budg- posed to allow Medicare spending at learning from Senator SIMON, who et. twice the rate. President Clinton, Second, I came directly to this body spoke out in support of this bipartisan speaking to the AARP in California in commission. I would also like to hear from the Medicare arena as a physi- 1993, said: cian. Just 18 months ago, I was treat- from my colleague from New York, Mr. Today, Medicaid and Medicare are going up MOYNIHAN, about his thoughts for how ing Medicare patients. I was trans- at three times the rate of inflation. We pro- planting hearts into Medicare patients, together we can guarantee Medicare’s pose to let it go up at two times the rate of future. As the ranking minority mem- and I was taking care of their heart inflation. That is not a Medicare or Medicaid and lung disease. cut. Only in Washington do people believe ber of the Finance Committee and an Yes, I was a health care provider, that no one can get by on twice the rate of expert in economic policy, he has much and, yes, I was a specialist. I very di- inflation. So, when you hear all this business to offer us in this debate. And my col- rectly felt the blows and saw the im- about cuts, let me caution you that that is league from Nebraska, Mr. KERREY, not what is going on. We are going to have pact of some very good reforms—re- who served as chair of the Bipartisan increases in Medicare and Medicaid. Entitlement Commission, has been a forms such as the Resource Based Rel- Mr. President, that was the President ative Value Scale [RBRVS] which dras- strong voice in the need to address the of the United States speaking in 1993. long term Medicare dilemma. tically altered the way Medicare pays Those words could have been spoken by I know I can benefit from the exper- physicians. I had the opportunity as a any Member of this body today. I hospital-based physician to see the ef- would encourage my colleagues on both tise of my many colleagues on both fects not so long ago of the introduc- sides of the aisle to recognize several sides of the aisle. Let us go at it in a tion of diagnosis related groups things: First, we have essentially all bipartisan way. [DRG’s]. I have lived with repeated agreed there is a problem. The docu- The budget resolution before us changes in hospital physician pay- mentation is there. Second, we have all should not be an argument driven by ments. And most importantly, I have agreed, including the President of the each and every special interest. Rath- been a provider of heart-related proce- United States, on what can be an ac- er, I urge each of us to begin with this dures to Medicare beneficiaries. ceptable rate of spending growth if we plan, agreeing upon a target and follow Heart disease requires long-term are to guarantee the solvency or the that with an honest policy debate on management. It requires acute man- existence of this program. And, third, how to get us there. agement and chronic management. I we all agree, on both sides of the aisle, Mr. President, right now, we are bring this personal experience to the on the desire to preserve the integrity talking about Medicare. We are talking table. of the Medicare program. about health care. We are looking for My patients, thousands of Medicare We are not that far apart. From some solutions. I caution my colleagues not patients, have told me what they have of the remarks today—and I expect just to look for short-term solutions. come to expect with Medicare, but also there will be more later this afternoon We need to participate over the long what they would like to expect in the and Monday—you would not think haul. future, and bankruptcy is not there. that, but in truth we are not that far There is no question that Congress Before I entered medical school, I apart. And remember, it is in the best must absolutely slow the rate of had the opportunity to study health interest of every American that we growth by finding Medicare savings care policy. It allows me to take that must speak to and address this issue of just to shore up the trust fund in the step back and look at the big picture as Medicare. well. And quite frankly, coming to this The board of trustees for the Medi- short term and buy us some time so we body, coming to this Congress, I find it care trust fund recommended that we can address the program’s long-term incredible that Congress has allowed reestablish an advisory council. In the future, but we cannot forget those fun- Medicare to come to this point where Budget Committee, I offered the damental problems. The bottom line is in 7 years, unless we act through this amendment which is now part of this that we cannot end up in a situation budget resolution, Medicare will be plan to create a bipartisan commission addressing, as this body has so many bankrupt. on Medicare solvency. We are all try- times in the past, only those short- I am here to talk to my colleagues as ing to do the same thing; namely, to term solutions. well about and participate in that dia- come up with solutions that protect The underlying problems will con- log of fundamental improvements to Medicare’s future. And I commend my tinue and our job will not be done until the Medicare Program. distinguished colleague from Illinois, Medicare is restructured to prepare us Eventually, I plan to return to my Mr. SIMON, for joining me in support of all, to prepare this country, to prepare medical career. I will return to a pursuing bipartisan solutions to these the program for the entrance of the health care system which will be very tough challenges that we all recognize post-World War II baby boom popu- much determined in effect by what de- are ahead. lation. If we only try to slow the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00033 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S6982 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 growth in the near future, our at- America’s veterans fought to save saying no to the cuts that would delay tempts will be in vain. Americans; they fought to save this the mother and grandmother in Mary- We need structural Medicare re- Western civilization; and they fought land from getting their yearly mam- form—reform which expands choice. to defend the very principles that this mograms. I am saying no to these cuts. My hope is that this will be the last country was founded on. Of course, we have to worry about budget resolution where we have to These were the women, as I said, who sustainability and solvency of the make some arbitrary provider payment were called the Rosies, who made sure Medicare and Medicaid programs. But cuts and across-the-board changes to that not only the schools and busi- while we are looking at the bottom benefits or cost-sharing requirements. nesses operated, but they were there line, let us make sure we do keep the Part of my hope in coming to the Sen- making sure that we built airplanes, ‘‘care’’ in Medicare; let us make sure ate was to share my experience and mobilized our defense, kept the United we keep the ‘‘security’’ in Social Secu- perspective with my colleagues. I reach States of America running. And when rity; and let us keep the ‘‘aid’’ in Med- out to them in a bipartisan way, No. 1, the war was over, they went back home icaid. to pass this budget—it guarantees to raise their families, and they con- Balancing the budget should not be Medicare solvency—No. 2, to support tributed to the greatest prosperity that about rhetoric or scoring political the bipartisan commission outlined in this country has ever seen. We would points. Balancing the budget should be this budget; and, No. 3, to join us all at not be here as a nation today, we would about honoring the contributions of the table as we develop a policy which not be a superpower today, if it had not the GI Joe generation, the generation will protect Medicare in the future. been for the GI Joe generation. who worked hard, played by the rules, I yield the floor. They did not hesitate when they were created prosperity for this country. Ms. MIKULSKI addressed the Chair. called to service, whether it was the The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. And it should be about fighting for the battlefront or the homefront in their GRAMS). Under the previous order, the future generations, as well. own neighborhoods and communities. Senator from Maryland is recognized. This is a crucial time in our Nation’s They organized and mobilized to save Ms. MIKULSKI. I thank the Pre- history, when we decide what kind of America. They organized and mobilized siding Officer. Nation we want to be, when we decide Mr. President, I rise today in support to save Western civilization. And now if promises made are promises kept, of the Medicare amendment now being they must organize and mobilize to when we will decide if we will honor discussed. save their very own health care. our mother and our father, which is not I oppose the cuts in Medicare, Med- Well, they are not alone. They should only a good commandment to live by, icaid, and also in this budget resolu- know I am on their side. I value them but I believe it should also be strong tion, I oppose the cuts in veterans’ and I appreciate them. And that is why public policy. health care. I oppose these cuts in Medicare and By supporting this amendment, I do I rise in defense of the GI Joe genera- Medicaid and in veterans’ health care. believe that we take a stand as to tion. And who am I talking about when This budget deals with Medicare and where we will be going in the 21st cen- I say the GI Joe generation? I am talk- Medicaid. It proposes to cut $250 billion tury. ing about the World War II genera- in Medicare and $170 billion in Med- Fifty-five years ago, a great First tion—the men who fought on the bat- icaid. Lady by the name of Eleanor Roosevelt The Lautenberg-Rockefeller-Mikul- tlefront overseas and the women who stood before the American people at a ski amendment seeks to reduce some of fought on the homefront here in our political convention. Europe had been the devastating effects and impacts own communities; those wonderful invaded, Poland was occupied, the blitz that this would have on the very people Rosie the Riveters who kept the United had begun in London. We were on the who rely on these programs. States of America running while the brink of war here. She said to the Let us be clear. This is the single men fought for democracy around the American people that this was no ordi- largest cut in the history of the Medi- world. nary time, and it called for no ordinary Now they are our senior citizens. care Program. What will it mean to the GI Joe gen- effort. And the people that she sent out They are the very ones who are the that call of arms to were no ordinary beneficiaries of Medicare and particu- eration? It will mean that senior citi- zens in Maryland and throughout this generation. They were the men and larly the long-term care component of women who organized and mobilized an Medicaid. And they are the ones this Nation will have less access to health care. It will mean fewer visits to the incredible war effort—and they made budget will place an undue, dev- the difference and they made no ordi- astating, and debilitating burden on. doctor, reduced preventive care, in- cluding screenings for breast cancer nary sacrifice. That is why I oppose these cuts in So now, here we are on the brink of Medicare and Medicaid. and prostate cancer. It means fewer laboratory tells, such as delayed diag- Memorial Day and there will be those In this budget, we are given cuts, not who will want to honor the GI Joe gen- compassion. And here we are, on the nosis for treatable illnesses like pneu- monia. And it will also mean fewer doc- eration with platitudes and plaques eve of Memorial Day. We just com- and parades. I say we honor them by memorated V–E Day. In a few months tors and hospitals accepting Medicare patients—those very doctors and hos- offering our gratefulness, our grati- we will commemorate V–J Day and the tude, our appreciation, and our com- end of World War II. And now we are pitals that are now willing to treat senior citizens. mitment to them in the U.S. budget as telling this gallant GI Joe generation we pass it. that promises made are not promises There are going to be fewer home health care services and seniors will So I hope when they call the roll, we kept. will vote aye for the Lautenberg- I am an appropriator. I once chaired have less access to lifesaving equip- Rockefeller-Mikulski amendment and the VA–HUD Subcommittee. I know ment, like oxygen and kidney dialysis. fight for this GI generation that fought about budgets. And I know firsthand The impact on long-term care is dev- so hard for us. what these cuts will mean. astating. It will mean, in my own home These are not numbers or statistics State, that 4,500 Marylanders, senior Mr. President, I thank the Senate or line items. These are issues related citizens, will see nursing home care and I yield the floor. to people’s care—primary care, acute shrink in 1996 alone. They will see cuts The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who care, long-term care, and to making in preventive care. They will lose pre- yields time? sure that people have the prosthetic scription drug benefits for chronic dis- Mr. KYL addressed the Chair. devices they need. eases like high blood pressure, angina, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who Mr. President, I ask my fellow col- and colitis. yields time to the Senator from Ari- leagues in the Senate: Have we no Mr. President, I am saying no to zona? character? Have we no memory of who these cuts in Medicare. I am saying no Mr. KENNEDY. I ask that the Sen- these men and women are? to the cuts that would hold up treat- ator from Arizona may be permitted to They are the men who fought from ment of heart disease and strokes for speak for whatever time he wants to, the shores of Normandy to Iwo Jima. Maryland’s World War II veterans. I am and I yield it in behalf of the minority.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00034 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6983 Mr. KYL. Mr. President, I ask unani- the basis for the comments of the Sen- ment. Most Republicans disagree. mous consent to proceed at this time ator from New Jersey, and the chart Frankly, we do not think there is such as part of the majority time. had the title, ‘‘Whose Side Are You a thing as an ordinary American. We The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without On?’’ Much of the debate of the Senator think all Americans are extraordinary, objection, it is so ordered. from New Jersey at that time focused and that given the opportunity, they Mr. KYL. I thank the Chair and I on this division of our country, the can all improve their own lives and the thank the Senator from Massachusetts. winners and the losers in this entire lives of their families. And that is what Mr. President, I would like to correct debate. we are trying to do by balancing the one thing briefly before proceeding to It was typical of the politics of divi- budget. We are trying to provide that the comments I intended to make. It is sion, which are, frankly, the politics of opportunity for them so that all of the my understanding from the staff of the losers, the politics of fear, the politics extraordinary Americans in this coun- Budget Committee that the veterans of a zero-sum game, of pitting one side try can provide for themselves without medical care is not—I repeat ‘‘not’’— against the other, pitting part of our having to rely upon a Federal Govern- being cut under the Senate budget res- society against another part of our so- ment that taxes them and regulates olution. To the contrary, under the ciety. It is the us-against-them game, them to death. President’s plan, VA medical care is the rich versus the poor, the old versus We believe in opportunity, not de- cut by $780 million by the year 2000. the young. It is a zero-sum game, as I pendency. We believe that almost all That is a cut under his 1995 budget say. Americans can achieve more for them- numbers. They cannot conceive of any situa- selves and their families if they have Mr. President, as long as we are talk- tion in which there are not winners and ing about promises made and promises opportunity. But they will not have losers. In their view, if we balance the that opportunity if we bankrupt this kept, I think it is important for us to budget, there will be winners and there reflect a little bit on the promises country, and that is what will happen will be losers. I submit, Mr. President, if we do not balance the budget. That is made in the last campaign for Presi- that if we balance the budget, as the dent. President Clinton, of course, what will happen if we do not adopt the Republicans promise to do and as our budget before us that will achieve bal- promised to give us a balanced budget. budget says we will do, we will all be He said he would submit a balanced ance by the year 2002. winners. Every American will be a win- budget. He bragged in his first year Balancing the budget is about our fu- ner under that scenario. And the fear about submitting a budget that would ture, about our children’s future. It is that is being preached on the other side get us to balance. This last budget, the about reducing the tax burden on our of the aisle here, that somehow there one we just rejected by an over- families, about allowing the Govern- will be losers, will be found to be incor- whelming 99–0 margin, of course, would ment to spend money on something rect. That for every winner there must not get us to a balanced budget. As a other than interest on the debt, about be a loser is wrong historically, and it matter of fact, it has deficits for 5 reducing interest rates. As a matter of will be wrong under this budget. years, averaging $200 billion a year, fact, Mr. President, let me cite some The amendment that is on the floor adding $1 trillion to the national debt statistics from the Joint Economic right now attacks tax cuts for the rich. of this country. Committee. According to the com- So, Mr. President, in terms of prom- As the Senator from Oregon pointed mittee, the deficit adds a 2-percent sur- ises made and promises kept, certainly out a while ago, there are no tax cuts tax on all interest rates; 2 percent the President has not kept a promise for the rich in the Senate proposal. more on car loans, student loans, cred- that he has made to help us get to a There are none. What the amendment it cards, and on mortgages. Two per- balanced budget. that is on the floor proposes is to take cent on a $75,000 30-year mortgage, for Insofar as the Democrats are con- a sum of money—$100 billion—and example, adds up to $37,440 over the life cerned, many of them opposed the bal- spend that money, even though it has of the loan. That is what not balancing anced budget amendment when it was not been created yet. This is what we the budget is costing average Ameri- debated on this floor, arguing that hope can be achieved as a result of cans. achieving balance in the budget by the they did not need a constitutional con- If current patterns continue, we will year 2002, as a result of reduced inter- straint, they could do it without a re- be spending $5.2 trillion on interest est rates. And so because there is the quirement. Yet, today, we find that payments over the next 15 years. there is no Democrat alternative pend- potential that we will have saved that much money, Democrats are already That is money we cannot spend on ing before us; none has been offered. other things like health care, housing, The only one coming from a Demo- suggesting to us in the amendment pending on the floor ways to spend that nutrition assistance for the poor, vet- crat—the President—was opposed by erans care, or whatever. all Democrat Senators in this Chamber money. They will not agree with us on By 1997, gross interest—$300 billion just a few hours ago. the budget to achieve that reserve or So while our Democratic friends are that windfall. They will not vote for it. annually—will amount to about as very good about suggesting problems But they will sure as heck find a way much as we will spend on income secu- with the approach we have taken, it is to spend it. rity programs, the welfare, housing, all negative, it is all criticism. There is That is what characterizes this en- nutrition, AFDC, SSI, EITC, food no constructive suggestion as to how tire debate. First, they say, no, we do stamps, education and training, em- we can achieve a balanced budget. So I not need a balanced budget amend- ployment and social services, all of suggest when we are talking about ment; we can do it on our own. Then these things combined. But eliminating promises made and promises kept, it is they say, no, we do not have any idea the deficit will result in lower interest the Republicans—first in the House how we can do it on our own and we rates, which will, in turn, lead to the last night and in the Senate this will not support yours, but we would creation of an estimated 4.25 million week—who by Wednesday of next week like to spend what you save. That is jobs over the next 10 years, increased will have kept the promises we made in the amendment pending before us and per capita incomes by over 16 percent, the last election—promises made and the amendment we should defeat. and will generate more revenue for promises kept. The sponsors of this amendment at- Federal and State and local treasuries That will be a good test for the vot- tack our budget as ‘‘hurting ordinary as a result of increased economic ac- ers next time we have an election. Who Americans.’’ That was an exact tivities. promised to balance the budget and quotation of the Senator from New Jer- So by balancing the budget, we will who is keeping their promise? I submit, sey. It is the failure to act that will be assuring our children a brighter fu- Mr. President, that the voters will de- hurt ordinary Americans. ture. In the last election, I was very cide it has been the Republicans that But, Mr. President, I would like to troubled by the fact that many people have kept the promises that they really phrase it in a different way. Too believed—and surveys confirmed this made. many Democrats want to protect ordi- —that the next generation, our chil- A few minutes ago we had on the nary Americans. They would like to dren’s generation, will not have as floor of the Senate a chart, which was keep them dependent on the Govern- much opportunity as we have had.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00035 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S6984 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 Part of the election was about turn- cut spending. They are not even satis- I was here in 1981 when we had the ing that around, about changing the di- fied with some limitation on the Reagan budget. I happened to be 1 of 11 rection in our country so that we could growth in spending. All they know is Members of the U.S. Senate that voted guarantee that our children and grand- more spending, higher taxes and bigger against it because of what it was going children would have the same oppor- Government. It is a prescription for to do to the size of the Federal deficit. tunity that we have had to make a bet- economic disaster. The red ink has to We heard at that time, ‘‘What we are ter living for themselves. stop. Look where Medicare is headed. embarked upon is a new federalism. All The national debt now amounts to The Medicare board of trustees say if we have to do is see these massive tax about $4.8 trillion. That is about $18,500 nothing is done, the trust funds will cuts, dramatic increases in defense for every man, woman, and child in the begin losing money in 1997 and go spending, and we are going to stimu- country, about $74,000 of debt for the bankrupt by the year 2002. late the economy and we are going to average family of four. Even if we bal- Mr. President, I will have more to be able to have balanced budgets.’’ ance the budget at this very moment, say about this Medicare issue later. At that time, we had a $450 billion the average American family would be The Senator from Tennessee, who deficit. At the end of 12 years, we had stuck with a bill of $74,000, an amount spoke eloquently on this issue and who a $4.7 trillion deficit. I yielded time to that rivals the size of the mortgage on is himself a physician, has made it very someone on the other side and they a home. In order to pay just the inter- clear in his remarks that we have to said, ‘‘Well, the Democrats controlled est on that debt each year, the average solve this problem of the Medicare the Congress.’’ family would have to pay more than trust, and if we do not, every American Let us not forget. There was only one $5,000 annually in taxes. That is $430 a will suffer. time during that whole period of time month just in interest payments, and We also have the question of tax cuts that the Reagan recommendations to that assumes that Congress does not before us, but they are not in this the Congress were less than what was run any more budget deficits starting budget resolution. I will support the actually appropriated—less. this very moment. Gramm amendment which will provide So when I listen to all this talk Fortunately, this budget resolution tax cuts because we believe that not about how we ought to examine where will eliminate the deficits by the year only should American families have the Democrats have been and where 2002. That compares with President more to spend of the money they have they are, I can ask our good friends, Clinton’s budget which would have worked hard to earn, but that tax cuts where are those speeches now when we given us $200 billion deficits every year can actually assist us in generating followed their advice some years ago for the foreseeable future. Just to put more revenues to the Treasury and pro- and put this country into the kind of this in perspective, for every year in viding more jobs and in stimulating deficit that the Senator from Arizona which the Federal Government runs a the economy. has talked about and complained Mr. President, I am going to have $200 billion deficit, the average young about? more to say about those things later. I person will pay an additional $5,000 in So we ought to look a little bit about would just like to close with this point. taxes over his or her lifetime. The $1 where we are. The fact of the matter is, For me, there are three very personal trillion in new debt that President if we did not have the kind of deficits reasons to vote for this balanced budg- Clinton proposed in his 5-year budget that have been run up over the period et resolution. Their names are Frances, plan represents an additional $25,000 in of the last 12 years, effectively our Christopher, and Jonathan. Those are taxes, an additional $25,000 for every budget would be balanced. It was their my three grandchildren. Born just a young man and woman. economic policy that put us in here. week ago today, Jonathan already So you see, Mr. President, why it is And it was the economic policies that owns a share of the debt, $18,500 and so important that we pass this budget were accepted in this body without one growing. The last thing any of us wants and balance the budget. It is for the fu- single Republican vote that moved us is to leave our grandchildren a lower ture of our country. What will happen to reduce the Federal deficit by $800 standard of living, and yet that is pre- if we do not do it? That is the question. billion and also provided some incen- cisely what will occur if we do not bal- Our colleagues on the other side, too tives, some financial incentives for ance the budget. those Americans who are at the lower many of them, ask what will happen if The last thing we want to leave our level of the economic ladder—the we do. Somebody might be a loser, but grandchildren and children is the obli- working Americans, those who are everybody in this country will be losers gation to pay the large and growing making $26,000. if we do not balance the budget. debt that we have accumulated to pay Effectively, they have about a $1,100 The burden of the national debt does for things that we wanted, but that is benefit from it. Well, no longer, not not just show up in people’s tax bills. It exactly what will happen if we do not under this budget. No longer, not under also adds a surtax in interest, as I said. get the Federal budget under control. The estimate is that the debt surtax So I urge my colleagues not only to this budget. They have closed that adds about 2 percent to those interest oppose the amendment which is before down as well. They have taken the rates. By balancing the budget, we can us but to support the budget resolution EITC away. A program that was even help eliminate that surtax and make a from the Budget Committee, because it supported by President Reagan years home purchase more affordable, make offers us the way to a brighter future ago, they closed that program down. So when they talk with crocodile it easier for families to send their chil- for ourselves, for our generation, for tears about equity and they talk about dren to college and to do all the other our children and, as I say, for those who has been benefiting, it was during things we want our families to do. grandchildren that we care so very that period of time, from the 1980’s to I want to commend the chairman of much about. the Budget Committee, Senator I yield the floor. the 1990’s, when the wealthy got DOMENICI, for his work in putting to- Mr. KENNEDY addressed the Chair. wealthier and the working class got gether this budget resolution, and all The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who poorer. That is what has happened over the members of the Budget Committee. yields time? that period of time. What is repugnant It was not easy. Special interests, their Mr. KENNEDY. I yield myself such to many Members of the Senate is now allies at the White House and others time as I might use. that we are taking those Americans are already out trying to destroy it. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- who are the most vulnerable—our el- The naysayers have not gotten the ator is recognized. derly and in instances our young peo- message the American people sent Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I have ple, the millions of children who are on loudly and clearly in the last election been listening to the debate over the the Medicaid Program—and putting that they want less spending, less Gov- course of the afternoon and before them at further risk and saying, ‘‘Well, ernment and more freedom. making some particular remarks on we have to do that, we have to do that, The critics have nothing to offer but the amendment that is before us, it is what are the alternatives? fear. Their argument is to scare every- perhaps useful to try and put this There is no cutting here with regard body about what will happen if we re- whole debate into some historical con- to corporate welfare in this program. duce spending. They do not want us to text. In the House of Representatives, Mr.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00036 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6985 KASICH had a bundle of $25 billion, and about and also the kinds of cuts that our shifting population, a result of the the powers that be in the Republicans will be in Social Security. I will come flow of migrants, which has a signifi- said, ‘‘Oh, no, put that aside.’’ back to that. cant impact in this country. We spent Why is it the Budget Committee had This is the stealth cut on Social Se- a lot of time on that matter. Repub- time to consider raising taxes on the curity. Stealth cut on Social Security. licans and Democrats alike, bipartisan working poor and did not have the time Remember all the speeches—‘‘We are support, restructured that program. to put taxes on the billionaires that not going to touch Social Security.’’ Even on the Goals 2000 program we are forfeiting their citizenship in order This budget does. I will come back to had bipartisan support. On the school- to escape taxes? that in just a few moments. to-work program, Gov. Tommy Thomp- They did not have the time to do The fact is when our seniors are liv- son, a Republican from the State of that. They could not give that consid- ing at the edge, they ought to be con- Wisconsin, thinks it is one of the most eration. They need to study that more. cerned about this. We hear, well, look important and significant education They did not need to study how to put what happened last year. We had Presi- programs to come down the line. Ask more taxes on working families. No, dent Clinton talking about how growth the former Republican Governor from they did not need to study that. They is not really a cut in terms of the So- the State of Maine, who has written a have to study about how to put on cial Security and the cuts in Medicare. book about it. I was with him yester- some taxes on the billionaires that are The fact of the matter is, under the day and we celebrated the 1-year anni- renouncing their American citizenship health reform bill last year, more was versary. He talked about the difference after they have made their resources put in than was taken out under the it has made in the lives of the young here, to go to another land and not pay Medicare. More was put in than was people in his State. Bipartisan support. their fair share. They could not think taken out. That was in the prescription We moved to a direct loan program for about that. drugs and also in the long-term care higher education. Bipartisan support. They could not find, out of all the provisions. Each and every one of those pro- tax expenditures, any funds for help That is not what we are talking grams—bipartisan support. And we got and assistance. They could not look about here. We are talking about the some funding for those programs. Ef- into the kinds of grazing fees or the major cuts that are going to be used fectively, this budget is going to emas- kind of mining agreements or other for tax cuts for the wealthy. culate those programs. kinds of subsidies that are taking place Now, our friends on the other side I will go through this at another out there. They could not even find can talk about where the President was time when we come to the education nickels and dimes in there. No, they last year and try to confuse the debate. debate. What is it? Is this allegedly could not. It should not be confused among the what the vote for change was about So we are faced with this. We have a American people. They knew they were last fall? I do not believe so. I do not serious issue and problem. The last going to get help and assistance on pre- believe so. I do not think that people in time that I read the Lautenberg- scription drugs and they knew they any part of this country, if we are ask- Rockefeller-Murkowski-Kennedy-Mur- were going to get help and assistance ing, think that those are the areas that ray amendment, it said that in the lit- on long-term care. we want to cut. And these are the cuts tle honey pot that has been designated My friends, all that will happen that are being made in this particular out there, the $170 billion that can under this Medicare proposal if this budget area. And we will come back to grow up to $350 billion in the outyears, budget goes through and it is followed those. I do not think that is what the all it says now that is that it can be through will be very, very significant people are asking. used for tax cuts. cuts. The President has indicated his will- We know what the purposes are. Now, another argument that I have ingness to move forward in a bipartisan There can be those that want to deny heard this afternoon, well, where is the manner, dropping the tax cuts, put the that on the floor. Except the majority President’s program? Where is the Medicare proposals in terms of a com- leader has indicated that he is for a tax President’s program? The President prehensive reform program, and to con- cut. Senator GRAMM of Texas says he is said where it will be. He said, just drop tinue commitment to education. for a tax cut. Republicans say they are that tax cut, indicate how we want to Education, when I came here, for the for the tax cut. change Medicare in terms of health first 20 years was a bipartisan effort. All we are saying is, put it into Medi- care reform. Health care reform is im- We never had a single partisan debate care. Put it back into Medicare. If they portant because Medicare and Medicaid on education policy until very recent are going to have it there, make sure it are a quarter of the Nation’s health times. Everything was virtually a bi- goes on back to Medicare. care expenditures. We will not be able partisan effort. It was true in this body Mr. President, I think it is fair to put to get a real handle on those expendi- and the other. And bipartisan even in Congress into some kind of under- tures unless we do the total, all four the last year when we were moving standing about where we are at this quarters. That is the only way we will into a difficult election cycle and pe- particular time. There is nothing in ever reform the system, the only way riod, we were still together in terms of terms of the amendment that is before we will stop the cost shifts that are the bipartisan nature of the education Members that will undermine the basic taking place in every hospital in this programs. Those programs now have structure of the budget resolution that country. Everyone in this body under- been undermined. comes out. Many Members have and stands it and knows it. We have to deal Mr. President, we are talking in this will have different amendments on with it in the totality. That is what debate about fairness. We are talking that, that will deal with education and the President said. Deal with Medicare about equity. We are talking about the also deal with the earned-income tax in terms of overall reform. impact of these budget cuts on working credit. Eliminate the cuts in education. I am families. They all hit working families. I see my colleague and friend from amazed at the kind of cuts we are fac- Cut back on that Medicare program Washington, who addresses that issue ing in terms of education. We passed and we are hitting the parents of work- with such eloquence and knowledge, last year the reform of our Head Start ing families. We cut back on the stu- and I think, with such fairness, about program, on the basis of a bipartisan dent loan program and we are hitting what the implications are for working review, and we had overwhelming sup- the sons and daughters of working fam- families. port—I do not think there were five ilies. We cut back on the Head Start Then, Mr. President, we hear about votes against the Head Start program. Program, the other kinds of support the questions of fear, those who are say At least 500,000 young people will be programs, chapter I—we are hitting the this should not be fearmongering. I will cut out of the Head Start Program sons and daughters of working fami- say, Mr. President, that senior citizens under this budget. We revamped the lies. ought to have a concern when we are chapter I program, and had an impor- Basically, this amendment is saying talking about the kinds of cuts in tant debate about allocations of re- we have to make some adjustments in Medicare—and I will get into that in a sources and formulas, about how we Medicare, but do not put your greedy, few moments—that we are talking would try to meet the greatest needs in budget-cutting hands on Medicare in

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00037 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S6986 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 order to provide a tax cut for wealthy Social Security. We remember the de- trarily assumed an unprecedented and individuals. bates we had. ‘‘We are not going to cut unilateral reduction of CPI (Consumer Now, we ought to be able to agree on in Social Security.’’ Price Index) by six-tenths of 1 percent; that. That is what the issue is. We In regards to the part B proposal, in the goal or effect of this change is to want to restate it, reconstruct it, and the 1993 OBRA we established a certain rob $23 billion in Social Security bene- say OK, we will do it. That is the point. dollar figure that represented the 31 fits over the next 7 years. There is the Mr. President, we have heard other percent of the part B premium. But House Republican tax break for the top Republican arguments in support of that was really higher than was ex- 1 percent of the incomes, those over their cuts. The first argument is total pected under the agreements that were $200,000. The House Republicans’ six- Medicare spending will continue to decided in the early 1980’s under the tenths of 1 percent on the Consumer grow under their plan, so there has not 1990 tax bill, and without the changes Price Index is $23 billion of that. been a real cut. The second is, as I in this budget proposal, it was intended There are those who can say look, we mentioned, that the Clinton plan cut that the premium would go down to 25 have reviewed this. The Consumer Medicare just as much as the Repub- percent. It would go down to 25 per- Price Index was worked out in the Bu- lican plan, so the Republican cuts must cent. But the Budget Committee now is reau of Labor Statistics. It has been be OK. not letting it decline to 25 percent but there over a very considerable number There seems to be a double standard setting it at 31.5 percent from now and of years, with Republicans and Demo- here. When you do not keep up with in- continuing. It was going to go down. crats. Maybe it ought to be adjusted. flation in the Defense Department When I hear on the floor we are just Maybe it ought to be changed. Maybe budget, that is a cut. That is a cut. extending the current law, the current it ought to be altered. But is it not in- When you do not keep up with inflation law, if you did not touch it and did not teresting that the time the Repub- in Medicare, that is an increase. I hope extend it, the premium would go down. licans alter it is the time they wanted our friends are going to explain that, It would go down to 25 percent. They the resources for the taxes for the why, if we do not keep up in terms of are continuing it at 31.5 percent. So wealthiest individuals in the country? inflation in DOD, we are going to see what happens? You get an increase if I mean, at least make the adjust- that as real cut in terms of our na- you are in the bottom percentile for ments and change at a neutral time. tional security. That is what the de- Social Security. You would get your Convince the American people that bate is. We have heard it. We under- increase on the COLA, but with a 33 this has nothing to do with trying to stand it. We know it and it is a policy percent cut due to the part B premium get additional resources to give to the decision that has to be addressed. increase—that $161 which was to rep- benefit of the wealthiest individuals. But let us address it all fair and resent the increase in the COLA is now Do it at a neutral time and have those square. Let us say we understand that $27. That is a cut in terms of what you hearings in both the House and Senate. and now we are either going to increase were going to get in Social Security. Do it at a neutral time. But that is not it or not increase it. Senior citizens are The part B premium is part of Social the way it was done. It was tied in to not stupid. They know what is a cut Security. It is voluntary, but basically this particular budget resolution. and what is not. Under this proposal there is uniform acceptance, and un- I personally think that there ought they will pay $442 more a year for their derstandably so, in light of doctors’ to be an adjustment. I think there part B premiums than they would fees. And that cut is right across the ought to be an adjustment. And I think under current law. That is a cut and it board. The 25th percentile, or the aver- when you have a real kind of evalua- comes straight out of their Social Se- age, is where the cut would come. The tion of the adjustment you are going to curity check. It comes right out of real COLA will be down some 57 per- find out that seniors are the ones who their Social Security check. cent; instead of getting $237, you get are paying more for the most impor- So much for the promise never to cut $103; instead of getting $303 for those tant items that are absolutely essen- Social Security. They know that under with $10,000 or more you end up with tial in their lives: More for their rent, this proposal they are likely to see a $169. That is a real cut in the Social Se- more for their food, more for their doubling of their part B deductible to curity. health care. Look at what has hap- $200. When you have to pay an addi- The Republican budget will raise pre- pened to health care since the time tional $100 to go to the doctor, that is miums and reduce Social Security by Medicare has been put in. Where $1 out a cut. And under this proposal they are more than $1,750 per senior over the life of $12 was being used for health care, likely to see a new 20 percent coinsur- of this budget. If you did not have that now it is $1 out of $5 or $1 out of $4, ance increase for home health services. provision written into the budget by that is being used to pay for health This means that of the very sick lower- the Budget Committee, if that provi- care. income women over the age of 75 who sion concurred with existing law where If you say there are certain items need home care, most will pay an addi- it was down to only 25 percent, every that ought to be weighted in order to tional $3,800 a year. When Medicare senior citizen would have $1,750 more be able to live with some degree of dig- gives you $3,800 less protection, that is over the life of this budget plan. nity in our society, some degree of a cut. So, that is a cut in terms of real in- peace, some degree of security, I think Overall, on average, senior citizens come. For whom? For Social Security a careful evaluation of this program are going to pay an additional $900 per recipients. And for an elderly couple would indicate that they probably are year when the plan is fully phased in; the reduction in the Social Security being shortchanged. Maybe yes or $3,200 over 7 years. An elderly couple check will be a whopping $3,500. Next maybe no. Maybe yes or maybe no. But will pay an additional $1,800 a year and year alone, as a result of the Repub- one thing I do understand, and that is $6,400 over the next 7 years. Our Repub- lican budget, the seniors will see a pre- that this change, this alteration— lican friends may not call that a cut mium increase of $134 compared to cur- whether it has the support of Mr. but every senior knows that when your rent law. That will cut out more than Greenspan, whom I respect, and other Medicare program will not buy you the half of the average COLA increase of economists—we can listen to the same health care you need at a price you can $237. Lower-income seniors will lose 83 number of economists who feel the afford, your standard of living has been percent of their COLA. The last time other way, who do not support these cut. And that is just plain wrong. the Republicans tried to cut the Social kinds of reductions. It should not have The Medicare cuts in the Health Se- Security COLA they were forced to been done as part of a budget program curity Act were not comparable to the back down. Now they are trying to do to provide for those kinds of benefits. ones proposed today. I would like to it by stealth, but it is not going to It is basically and fundamentally address that particular issue. work. wrong. Mr. President, I want to just take a It is not only through Medicare that So, how can any budget plan that moment or two of the Senate’s time to the Republicans are attacking Social purports to be part of a Contract With explain how this particular proposal Security. Look what has happened over America break America’s contract that is before us now, the budget, is in the House budget. In the House with the elderly? It is bad enough to really a cut in Social Security; a cut in budget the Republicans have arbi- propose these deep cuts in Medicare at

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00038 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6987 all. It is even worse to make these cuts a little look where the average senior other issues, but do not provide further in order to pay for an undeserved and citizen is, and where we are and where cuts on our senior citizens to have a an unneeded tax cut for the wealthiest we are going under this budget pro- designated fund that will be available— Americans. posal. The average annual income, not just for education, not just for The cuts in Medicare are unpleas- $133,600 (for a Senator); the average an- health care reform, but for tax reduc- ant—$256 billion over the next 7 years nual income for senior citizens, tion. by the time the plan is fully phased in. $17,700—$17,700 for those senior citizens. We will hear, ‘‘Well, this really is not The average senior citizen will likely The monthly premium, individual, a fund. We do not know whether it will have to pay $900 more a year in Medi- part B, is $46.10. This is the one that is be there. And if it is, we may use it, care premiums and out-of-pocket costs, going to rise on up under the proposal and we may provide a lot of tax cuts and an elderly couple would have to of the budget. for all the people that we are concerned pay $1,800 over the life of the budget, in The deductible for Members of Con- about.’’ additional costs. The typical senior cit- gress, $350—$816 for our senior citizens. It is so interesting that we could izen needing home health services And they are going in one direction; look at the background to know where would pay an additional $1,200. If any- they are going up. those tax cuts will come, both in the one is sick enough to need the full Hospital care, unlimited; for the sen- House and the Senate, as those that home care, they will have to pay $2,400. ior citizens, limited; prescription have been designated for the wealthiest The fundamental unfairness of this drugs, covered; and not covered for the individuals. proposal is plain. Because of the gap, senior citizens. So, Mr. President, this debate is im- senior citizens already pay too much Go in to any room of senior citizens portant. It is important because of the for the health care they need. The av- in this country. Ask them, ‘‘How many issue of Medicare. It is important not erage elderly American pays an out- of you are paying $50 a month or more because of just the dollars and cents, standing one-fifth of their income to for prescription drugs?’’ Half the hands although we focus a great deal on the cover health care costs, more than will go up. Ask them how many are dollars and cents; it is important be- they paid before Medicare was even en- paying $25. Do you know what you get? cause of the degree of anxiety that is acted 30 years ago. You get a roar of amazement, like they going to be out there for our seniors. The reason we enacted Medicare was cannot believe you do not understand We do not give much weight to the because the elderly faced a health care that 70, 75, 80 percent of them are pay- problems of anxiety that affect our crisis then. The lower income older ing $25—closer to $50—but $25 a month people. We cannot put into the budget seniors pay even more than one-fifth of out of their Social Security checks for what a parent thinks when they have a their income for health care, and Medi- prescription drugs, the prices of which sick child crying in the night and they care does not even cover prescription have gone way up as they have for the are wondering whether that child is $150 sick, because that is what it costs drugs. The coverage for nursing home last 2 or 3 years. care is limited. We have that kind of coverage. We to go to the emergency room. ‘‘Maybe I see other colleagues who I know have that kind of coverage, not senior I should wait a day or 2 days, and let want to address the Senate. But let me citizens. There is nothing in this bill to that child get better or sicker because I cannot afford that $150.’’ We do not just conclude finally in this debate so try to deal with that. our senior citizens understand exactly On dental care, we are covered with a measure that in this budget resolution. We treat it too cavalierly, the kind of where we are during the course of this good program. They are not covered at concerns that elderly people have, debate and discussion. all. And preventive services, we have At the start of this session, we heard those that have lost their eyeglasses the cervical, prostate cancer, and other a great deal about how we wanted to and wait 6 or 8 weeks without being preventive diseases. They have some make sure that all the laws that we able to read a book because they have benefits. Out of pocket limit, $3,750. passed in the Congress were going to be not gotten their next Social Security applicable to the Members of Congress. They have none. It is $3,750, for Mem- check to be able to buy a set of eye- The Democrats supported that. The Re- bers of Congress, but they have none. glasses, let alone the other problems You would think most people around publicans supported it. It would have that you have. Every Member in here here would think: ‘‘How are we going passed last Congress. It passed now. We hears from them. have supported it, and we are glad. We to have this group look more like that Medicare does not cover dental care. have heard a lot of speeches about it at group?’’ That is what you normally How many Members in here spend staff the start of the year, and we will con- would think that we ought to be debat- time trying to get a doctor that will tinue to hear about it. ing around here. say an elderly person has indigestion There is an interesting other side of How many of you are going to let the or major internal problems, and the the story that we do not hear very senior citizens have closer to what only reason they have it is because much about; that is, why are we not Members of Congress have and 10 mil- they are not chewing properly and, providing for the American people lion Federal employees have? That is therefore, in order to solve an internal what we are providing for ourselves? what we ought to be debating around problem, they need to get a set of den- We have said we will provide for our- here. Instead, what we are talking tures? selves what we have extended in laws about here is how we are going to make I mean, that is going on every single to the American people. this less valuable, with increases in day, the amount of staff time people The other side of that is that we have each and every one of these categories. spend, the anxiety that people have. a very good health care program; very Not so over here; not so for the Mem- The same is true of foot care. The same good, indeed. Are we debating here on bers of Congress. But over here, for is true with the tragedy of prescription the floor of the U.S. Senate how we are who? Our senior citizens who are aver- drugs. going to provide for the seniors the aging $17,700 in annual income; and I want to conclude with the very kind of health care bill that we have? Members of Congress, $133,600. story of two witnesses that I had last Oh, no. We are talking about cutting Mr. President, this is the reason that year, one named Clifford Towne, who theirs. And we heard last year, well, if the President of the United States was lived with his wife, Marie, in South you look at the Members of Congress saying: Look, you want to try to figure Dartmouth, MA. and the senior citizens, you can say, out how we can try to deal with health Clifford Towne is a veteran who ‘‘Well, you know, we changed it now care as a way of making it fair and eq- fought in World War II. He worked hard with the Members of Congress. We are uitable, keeping our citizens healthier, all his life in the textile business, and capping them. We are going to cap the enhancing preventive programs so that when he retired he had over $100,000 in amount.’’ My Lord. When we talked it will be less costly, keeping elderly the bank. He owned his own home. He about that last year, that was price fix- people out of the emergency room, and had a good pension from Social Secu- ing. We cannot do that. We cannot talk being able to treat them with in-home rity. Both he and his wife developed se- about that. That was price fixing. care, in congregate sites in their com- rious medical problems. High medical At least we are making some attempt munities. You want to try to deal with costs that Medicare does not cover, es- to try to deal with it. But let us take those kinds of issues, home care and pecially the prescription drugs, had

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S6988 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 wiped out his savings. He had to run up billion. But the President in his State Now, my colleague from Massachu- large debts, and, as he told our com- of the Union Address in 1993 said he setts said we are not going to be spend- mittee, he tried to qualify for Medicaid was not going to use fictional numbers; ing enough. He said we need to spend but his Social Security income was too he was not going to use smoke and mir- more money, I heard him say we should high. rors. He stated that he would use the be spending more money in education; He said: estimates of the Congressional Budget we should be spending more money on I told him the only way I could get help for Office. The Congressional Budget Office earned income tax credits; we should my wife was to leave her, but after 48 years says that his deficit increases nearly be spending more money for Medicare; I just couldn’t do that. I would rather kick every single year. we should be spending more money for the bucket than be forced to get a divorce. Next year, under the President’s Medicaid; I think I heard him say we So my wife and I talked it over and decided budget, the deficit increases from $177 that when we could not pay for the drugs should be spending more money for billion to $211 billion, then to $232 bil- every single program with the excep- anymore, we would just have to stop taking lion in 1997. By 1998, it is $256 billion; in tion of defense. the prescription drugs. We would rather pass the year 2000, $276 billion. So in a clear away together—or at least as close together Looking at this new chart, you see as we can. After 3 or 4 months ago I already trend the deficit is going up $100 billion cut down on drugs for my blood pressure. I in 5 years under the President’s pro- right now we are spending $1.5 trillion, don’t want my wife to have to cut down on posal and really crossing $300 billion by and I would like to put that in perspec- her medications until we have no other the year 2002. tive because I know my colleagues on choice. We have a clear alternative. The the other side seem to think we are not Mr. President, that is happening House voted for a budget plan that spending enough. To put it in perspec- every single day in every single com- brings the deficit down to zero. In the tive, in 1960, we spent less than $100 bil- munity of this country. And this de- Senate, we now have a plan that brings lion. In 1970, we spent less than $200 bil- bate ought to be how we are going to the deficit down to zero. That is a big lion. In 1980, we spent less than $600 bil- try to help and assist that family—not difference. That means we will be bor- lion. In 1990, we spent about $1.25 tril- how we are going to put that family at rowing significantly less. lion. And now we are at $1.5 trillion. even greater risk with the kind of cuts I know I heard my friend from Massa- Amazingly enough, even under the so- that are included in this budget pro- chusetts say, we are slashing spending; called slashing, cutting, gutting budget posal that attacks the Medicare Pro- we are cutting; we are eliminating of Senator DOMENICI total spending will gram. spending in many programs. I will put still go up to $1.8 trillion. Mr. President, I yield the floor. a table in the RECORD that shows spending under the Republican budget My math may not be accurate, but Mr. NICKLES addressed the Chair. $1.8 trillion is a lot more money than The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. in Medicare. In 1996, we will be spend- ing $9 billion more than we did in 1995 $1.5 trillion. As a matter of fact, that is BROWN). The Senator from Oklahoma is about $350 billion more after 7 years recognized. in Medicare. In 1997, we will be spend- ing $20 billion more than we did in 1995. than this year. Actually, spending goes Mr. NICKLES. Mr. President, for the up every single year, in almost every information of my colleagues, it is my In 1998, we will be spending $35 billion more than we did in 1995. $50 billion in category except defense which is is ba- intent to speak for 15 minutes. The sically frozen. Chair will please notify me at the end 1999, $66 billion in the year 2000, $84 bil- of 15 minutes. lion in the year 2001, over $100 billion I have a table which shows that show Mr. President, in listening to my more in Medicare spending in the year under the present budget does not even friend from Massachusetts, it is inter- 2002 than we are spending in 1995. stay frozen at $270 billion. It actually Medicare spending is going up. It esting to note that he did not say ‘‘here declines for a few years and then comes may not be going up as fast as it would is a better idea.’’ It is interesting to back up. Domestic discretionary spend- be under present law but present law note that he did not say the President ing has a slight reduction. We reduce it says it goes broke. The President is had a better idea. I believe the Senator by $30 billion. With regard to Social Se- AWOL, or absent without leadership, curity—and I know I heard my col- from Massachusetts voted against the because he does not do anything to President’s budget. I would say he was league from Massachusetts say several save the Medicare system. He allows it times that we are cutting Social Secu- right because the President’s budget to go broke. The law does not allow rity—we are spending $334 billion in needed to be voted down. The Presi- Medicare to borrow from other trust 1995, and we are going to be spending dent’s budget allows the deficit to con- funds so unless we raise payroll taxes $480 billion in Social Security in the tinue to climb. The President in his or reduce the growth of spending, it is year 2002. Medicare spending will grow state of the union speech and in his going to go broke. That is not accept- from $178 billion in 1995 to $283 billion campaign speeches said he was going to able. bring the deficit down, but, unfortu- Now we have two plans, the House in 2002. That is over a $100 billion in- nately, that is rhetoric. That is not and Senate. The President does not crease in Medicare; Medicaid, this year fact. have a plan. The President’s plan was we are spending $89 billion. It goes up The facts are that under the Presi- renounced by the Senate today 99 to to $125 billion. Other mandatory pro- dent’s budget the deficit goes up every nothing. grams increases from $146 billion to single year and it is shocking to see Looking at this chart of deficit esti- $197 billion. how rapidly it goes up. As a matter of mates, the President’s deficit goes up My point is, spending is escalating. It fact, under the President’s budget the every year. This line represents the escalates from $1.5 trillion to almost deficit increases by $100 billion in the House budget plan. I compliment them. $1.9 trillion. To put that in perspective, first 5 years. The deficit right now is They were able to pass it in 1 or 2 days. when we are talking about spending $177 billion, in 1995. Under the Presi- It is going to take us 5 days, but we $1.5 trillion—there are 12 zeros in $1 dent’s budget, in the year 2000, it goes will eventually pass it. The Senate trillion. That is about $6,000 for every up to $276 billion. That is a $99 billion plan shows up on this chart as almost man, woman, and child in the United increase. a straight-line decline to get to a bal- States. I have a family of six. That is By balancing the budget for the first anced budget. We even do it faster than $36,000. Under the Republican budget, time in 29 years, we have a chance to the House does. Of course, the House spending increases to about $7,500 for make history. The House of Represent- has some tax cuts. The House gets every man, woman, and child in the atives made history when they passed a there. We get there quicker. Frankly, I United States. budget last night that says, as scored hope we stay on a quick, straight, level by the Congressional Budget Office, we decline to get to a balanced budget be- Under President Clinton’s proposal, are going to eliminate the deficit. cause that means we are going to bor- spending would grow to about $8,500 for The President’s budget as scored by row less in these intervening years. every man, woman, and child in the the Office of Management and Budget And that is what we should do. We United States. has deficits that stay at $200 billion for should balance the budget as soon as So we allow spending to grow but it the next 5 years and then go up to $300 possible. does not grow quite so fast.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00040 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6989 A lot of people are talking about went to the hospital. I know you owe If you believe the assumptions for Medicare going broke by the year 2002. money. But we can’t pay you.’’ That is 1996, 1997, and 1998 he will have some The trust fund will be bankrupt. not acceptable. spending reductions totaling $88 bil- I hate to inform my colleagues, but I will just mention that there is a lot lion. by the year 1997, that is next year, the of rhetoric on Medicare and a lot of The remainder of the deficit reduc- Medicare trust fund already has a def- demagoguery. I know a lot of people tion since 1993 is attributable to tech- icit. In 1997, there is a $5 billion deficit are trying to scare senior citizens, but nical, economic, and other changes. In and in 1998 there is a $10 billion deficit. I think they are smarter than that. other words, $213 billion of the deficit That deficit continues to escalate to This chart shows that under current decline is in no way attributable to the year 2002 when it reaches $41 bil- policy the rate of growth in Medicare is this administration. lion. So we are losing money already. not sustainable. Under the plan that we So if you add all those figures to- That means more money is going out now have in the budget before us, the gether, yes, CBO says there is a $500 than coming in. growth rate of Medicare is a little over and-some-billion deficit reduction from Some people, say, ‘‘Well, we will just 7 percent per year. That will keep the the amount they have estimated in draw down the reserves of the Medicare fund solvent at least temporarily so we January 1993 compared to January 1995. trust fund.’’ How are we drawing down will not be bouncing checks. But the truth is there are no real the trust fund? There is no bank ac- This line represents a freeze on Medi- spending cuts. The truth is we have not count. If there is a bank account any- care and Medicaid. I have heard a lot of had a spending cut yet all the way where in Washington, DC, that we can my colleagues say, ‘‘Let’s freeze all through 1995. The truth is we have pull those funds out of, I would like to spending.’’ That is what a freeze is. I spending increases and big tax in- know about it. doubt that we will long hear that argu- creases. The facts are, we are going to borrow ment. This administration likes tax in- that money. Actually, the General I think it is vitally important, Mr. creases a lot and they like to spend Treasury will borrow $125 billion be- President, that we be responsible. I more money. tween now and the year 2002 to pay to think it is vitally important that we The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the Medicare trust fund, which will in say, no, we are not going to allow defi- ator is advised he has used 15 minutes. turn pay benefits. There is not a bank cits to continue to increase, we are not Mr. NICKLES. I ask unanimous con- account which holds excess Medicare going to take a deficit right now that sent for an additional 5 minutes. taxes from previous years. Not in First is $177 billion and allow it to go up to The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without National, not in Chase, and not in City $277 or $300 billion. That is not respon- objection, it is so ordered. Bank. We are going to borrow the sible. That is not leadership. Mr. NICKLES. So the facts are, taxes money to pay Medicare benefits. The I looked at the current services budg- under this President go up dramati- fund is already broke. et and it just happens to track right cally and spending continuing to rise But we have heard so much rhetoric, along with President Clinton’s figures. even faster than it would have under ‘‘Oh, we can’t allow these Medicare There are no changes. It is just like the normal pretenses. And then if you look spending cuts. This is going to cut President said, ‘‘Well, I’ve given up.’’ at the President’s budget for the next Medicare recipients.’’ And I have heard other claims, ‘‘In several years we continue piling up The facts are, if we do not reduce the 1993 we made a giant step toward real debt upon debt upon debt. That is not rate of growth in Medicare spending we deficit reduction and we did this with- acceptable. are going to have to raise payroll out Republican help. So too bad for you I am excited about the fact that now taxes. And I have not heard one of my guys. You’re going to have to do this we have balanced budget plans in both colleagues yet who said, ‘‘Let’s raise one on your own.’’ the House and the Senate. payroll taxes to save the Medicare sys- There is a good reason why Repub- The House has their assumptions, tem.’’ If they think that is an option licans voted against the 1993 budget and the Senate has theirs. There may they should use, let them offer that as package. And I want to take issue with be some changes. I know some people an amendment. some of things that President Clinton are thinking about making some But if we do not do that, we must re- and Mr. Panetta have said. They claim changes on the tax side. Fine, as long duce the rate of growth of this pro- to have reduced the deficit by nearly as we get to zero. And I would like to gram. Those are our only options. $600 billion. I have heard that figure get there sooner if we can. I would like As I mentioned before, the law pre- time and time again. to get to where we had to borrow as lit- cludes us from borrowing from other I am going to insert into the RECORD tle as possible. But let us get there. Let trust funds. And we should not do that several tables which make my points. us do it. anyway. That is playing a shell game. One of these tables shows the source In all the other previous budget reso- The Medicare tax right now is 2.9 per- of deficit decline since President Clin- lutions that I have seen and I have cent on all payroll. That is a lot of ton took office. been involved in, we have talked about money. The program has been growing Tax and fee increases account for $262 trading off how much we are going to in cost at rates that are not accept- billion of that decline. I will give the reduce the rate of spending with how able. These claims are not just from President credit for those. Yes, we much we are going to raise taxes. We DON NICKLES. They come from Presi- know he passed the largest tax increase are not doing that in this package. dent Clinton, and Mrs. Clinton, and in history. My friend from Massachusetts said Secretary Shalala, and the other trust- I might mention, it was a large tax we need more taxes on big corporations ees of the Medicare trust fund. All have on middle-income Social Security re- or we need more taxes on somebody said we have to reform the system. cipients and on low and middle-income else. And we can reform the system. We people that buy gasoline. Republicans are not going to raise can do a better job of providing health As for his claims to cut spending, ac- taxes. The problem is not that we are care for senior citizens at lower rates cording to the Congressional Budget undertaxed. The problem is we are of growth, at rates of growth that are Office he has not yet cut any spending. overspent. right now a couple of times the rate of In fact, he increased spending $4 billion So we are going to attack the prob- inflation. Right now, they are three in 1993, $9 billion in 1994, and $3 billion lem. We are going to reduce the rate of times the rate of inflation. We are try- in 1995. spending. Spending under this proposal ing to say it should be no more than I might mention, the House has will grow at over 3 percent per year. two times the rate of inflation. passed a rescissions bill, the Senate Under business as usual, it would have Is that realistic? Yes, it is. Can it be will pass a rescissions bill, in all likeli- grown at over 5 percent per year. done? Yes, it can. Actually, it has to be hood, next week, and the President al- A lot of special interest groups are done or the fund is going to go broke. ready said he would veto it. So we will going to scream and say it is not fair. Then what are we going to do? In the have had a chance to cut 10 billion dol- The Senator from Massachusetts criti- year 2002, we are not going to pay the lars’ worth of spending and the Presi- cized the Senate and the House for bill. We will tell people, ‘‘I’m sorry you dent said he would veto that. making a reduction in the CPI.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00041 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S6990 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 I hope we do follow the instructions For our colleagues on the other side I know those families well. I am one of this resolution and have analysts or others to say that is a tax increase of them, raising two kids and taking give us a correct determination of what on working poor, I beg to differ. I think care of my parents at the same time. I they think an accurate reflection of they are entitled to their own opinion, can tell you exactly what is happening CPI is. If we are going to have cost-of- but they are not entitled to their own in many working families across this living adjustments, they should be ac- facts. Nation today. curate, and if there are savings to be I thank the indulgence of the Chair We get up, we race our kids off to made in that, fine, they should be accu- and my colleagues. I ask unanimous school, we worry about whether or not rate. When you have people like Alan consent for an additional 2 minutes. they are getting a good education, we Greenspan say the CPI is overinflated The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without get to work, we try to do a good job, we and has been for some time, that tells objection, it is so ordered. race home in time to get them to a me we should make a change. Mr. NICKLES. Mr. President, I urge Finally, I know we are going to have baseball game, get food on the table my colleagues to be serious when we and, at the same time, we worry that a debate on earned-income tax credit take up this budget. It bothers me to next week, and I will save most of my our parents are going to call and say, see that it is so partisan. It bothers me ‘‘I need to go to the doctor,’’ or, ‘‘I remarks on that subject. But I heard to see that there are not more bipar- my colleagues say that our proposal is need to go to the hospital,’’ or ‘‘I have tisan efforts to get to a balanced budg- run out of medication.’’ It is an added a tax increase on the working poor. et. If there is a better idea—and there That is totally false. We ought to deal pressure to many working families in is bound to be a better idea because this Nation today. with the facts. this is not a perfect plan—bring that The earned-income tax credit is inap- plan forward. If we cut the Medicare Program as propriately named. Over 80 percent of When we took a vote on the balanced drastically as is proposed, it will add to the spending on this program is a di- budget amendment a couple months the pressure of those parents, those rect handout to people with zero tax li- ago, a lot of people said we should bal- working parents, those everyday aver- ability. And it is a program that is ance the budget whether we pass a con- age working parents, because then they fraught with abuse. How in the world stitutional amendment or not. We were will worry that their parents will not can our colleagues defend a program serious, and now we are going to try to go to the doctor because of the added when the General Accounting Office do it. It is going to take some votes cost, they will worry that they will not says that they found 42 percent of the from both sides to pass a reconciliation be taking their medication because people receiving benefits received too bill. their out-of-pocket expenses have in- much in benefits, and 32 percent of the So I hope we will not get so polarized creased, they will worry that their par- people were not even eligible to receive that we are not able to work together ents are not eating right because they benefits—32 percent. We do not have a to make sure we quit piling up endless are having to choose between whether program that I am aware of that is so debts on our children and on our chil- or not to go to the doctor, buy a pre- open for fraud and abuse and it needs dren’s children. To me that is a vital scription, or put food on the table. to be reformed. Do we reduce the rate of growth of question: Are we serious? Are we actu- These cuts to Medicare will have a earned income tax credit? Yes, we do, ally going to finally start living within tremendous impact on everyday aver- and we should. We can get more than our means? I remember going to a town age working families who are just try- the savings we proposed if we just meeting and somebody raising their ing to make it every day raising their eliminate the waste and the abuse in hand: ‘‘Senator NICKLES, will we ever own kids and worrying about their par- the system. But the system has been see a balanced budget in my lifetime?’’ ents as well. But it will also have an enlarged and expanded to such an ex- The person was in their early twenties. economic impact because, I assure you, tent, people can receive such large an- I want that answer to be ‘‘yes.’’ I think if we just cap the costs of Medicare nual lump sum payments that there is this Congress has a chance to make it that we pay out, we are not going to a great incentive for fraud. They can yes, and I hope that we will during the see hospitals reduce their costs, they file fraudulent tax returns and they course of next week. I yield the floor. are going to shift that to somebody can get cash. Mrs. MURRAY addressed the Chair. else. Guess who that is going to be? It is false to say, ‘‘Hey, this is a tax The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- People who are going to work every increase on low-income people,’’ when ator from Washington is recognized. day and paying their taxes and paying only 20 percent of the people who re- Mrs. MURRAY. Thank you, Mr. their insurance. Working middle-in- ceive this benefit have any tax credit President. I was listening to the debate come families will see their insurance whatsoever; 80 percent do not have tax earlier this afternoon about the pend- rates rise, their out-of-pocket medical liability. They get a lump sum cash ing amendment that restores some of care costs rise in order to pay for sen- payment at the end of the year and the tremendous cuts to Medicare that iors who go to the hospitals and to the that payment this year is over $3,000 if occurred in this budget. I wanted to doctors and who no longer are being you receive the maximum amount. It come over to the floor to just make a paid back by the Medicare Program. few points. will grow up to about $4,000. This will create a tremendous pres- We allow it to grow under this budg- I heard many of my colleagues talk sure on families and a tremendous cost et; we just do not allow it to grow so about the tremendous impacts that are shift to families. That is why it is abso- much, quite so fast. Every year under going to occur to senior citizens as we lutely critical that we do not reform our proposal, the EITC will grow in cut Medicare in the budget that is health care within this budget by just total amount, but it will not continue pending. I, like many people, have two cutting costs to Medicare and Med- to compound at 55 percent per year as elderly parents, both of whom have icaid, but we go back to understanding it has done in the recent past. We can- chronic health care problems, and they that we have to do health care reform not allow a program where we are writ- are very concerned about the Medicare in totality, look at the entire picture, ing checks to be growing at such unbe- Program and they let me know about lievable rates. The program cost a few it. But I came over today to remind all figure out how much we are going to billion dollars a few years ago and now of us that the impacts on cutting Medi- spend on health care in this Nation and we are looking at a $25 and $30 billion care do not just hit the elderly, they impact all ends of the age spectrum program. It still grows to $30 billion hit the people I also care a lot about in and life spectrum, or we are going to put tremendous burdens on a few peo- under Senator DOMENICI’s plan. We re- this Nation—working families. duced the rate of growth in that pro- What we see happening here is cuts ple. I urge my colleagues to remember gram. We need to reduce the rate of to Medicare that will no doubt cause that Medicare cuts will dramatically growth in that program. We need to premiums to be raised or seniors to be impact working families across this clean out the waste and abuse in that shut out of care or will gut quality. Nation. program. We ought to be ashamed of The impact of that will not only be felt I have heard over and over that these ourselves if we do not, and we are going on our seniors, but it will be felt on ev- budget cuts to Medicare are being done to try to do that. eryday working families. to save it. I have to tell you that

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00042 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6991 makes no sense to me. If we care about being what it is, if they stay as they I am standing here in support of the our seniors, if we care about our fami- are, they will be neither healthy nor underlying budget proposal not because lies who are going to work every day, stable for the people who depend upon I hate Medicare, not because I am then we also should care that we have them; indeed, they will ultimately dis- heartless toward those in the aging a moral responsibility to ensure the appear. population. I am not unfamiliar with well-being of our citizens, and frankly, Let us talk about Medicare for just a those. I guess I am aging a little my- this budget says just the opposite to moment and go through the history of self. But within the past year, year and me. It says we care about the rich, it that program. Although I am a new- a half, my wife and I have buried three says we care more about the Pentagon comer to the Senate, I am not a new- of our children’s four grandparents. We than people, but it says we do not care comer, if you will, to this issue. Back have had the Medicare experience with about those working-class families. in 1962, when my father was running for my father, my father-in-law, and my This budget will have a tremendous reelection to the Senate, I was his cam- mother-in-law. The forms are incom- impact on working-class families. It paign manager, and this was an issue prehensible. They create a regulatory will say to them: ‘‘We’re going to cut in his campaign. Yes, that is right, Mr. thicket that virtually no one can plow your Medicaid. If your child has cystic President, in 1962; it has been around through. fibrosis or severe asthma and you don’t that long. At the time, there was no I have a constituent who tells me, have the medical insurance to take Medicare. It was passed by the Con- ‘‘Senator, I have to take care of an care of it, Medicaid will be cut back gress after the 1962 election. There aging mother. The idea that she would and you may not be able to rely on were all kinds of projections about how be able to understand any of the forms that.’’ much it would cost and what it would she gets from Medicare is on its face ri- It says to parents, ‘‘Your children do. diculous. I am a college graduate, I am may not be taken care of if they are As we look back over this last 30- a successful business woman, and I sick,’’ a pressure to working-class fam- year period, we see that all of those think I know my way around, but I ilies. projections were wrong, and they were cannot figure out these forms, let alone It says to working-class families that wrong on the wrong side; that is, they my mother.’’ So she said, ‘‘I wasted a ‘‘Your child may not be able to get a were all too low. Medicare has been lot of time trying to figure out what loan to go to college.’’ growing much more rapidly than its they meant until I finally adopted the It says to middle-class families that initial authors ever thought it would, following strategy. I realize it is high ‘‘Your education dollars will be cut,’’ and it has been costing the Federal risk, but it is low stress. Every form and it will mean eventually, as this Government an ever-increasing per- from Medicare I throw away, and at gets passed on to the States and our centage of gross domestic product. the end of the month I call the Salt local school districts, that class sizes There have been charts on that, and I Lake Clinic and say, ‘Do I owe you any will increase and our good teachers will will not repeat the charts because peo- money for my mother?’ I let them do go elsewhere for jobs that pay enough ple have seen all of those. the bookkeeping and do not worry to keep them going. However, when people talk to me about the form that says ‘This is not a And it says to low-income families, about Medicare and how it must be pre- bill’ and is covered with numbers and we are going to take away the earned- served, I go back to the 1960’s and my that says we cover this percentage and income tax credit. The one thing that memory of that debate, and I make you that percentage.’’ She says, ‘‘I they have, they go to work every day, this point. I say Medicare is a wonder- throw them all away, and once a they earn less than $28,000 a year and ful program as it is currently struc- month, I call the Salt Lake Clinic and we are going to take away a small bit tured and would work perfectly, indeed I say, ‘Do I owe you any money for my of cash they have just to help them we could afford it, if people would just mother?’ They say, ‘Yes, according to make it by gutting the earned income have the courtesy to die at the same our computers, you owe us X amount,’ tax credit. You bet this is a tax in- rate they did in the 1960’s when Medi- and I write out a check and do not pay crease on those earning less than care was established. And, indeed, if we any attention to the rest of it.’’ $28,000. It is absolutely a tax increase went back to practice medicine the I hope the Salt Lake Clinic, for her on them. I think it is unfair and wrong- same way we did in the 1960’s, they sake, is keeping good books. That is headed. probably would. the kind of program we have under Finally, let me just say, I talk to But we practice medicine in a vastly Medicare. Is that what we want to pre- many teenagers day in and day out as different way now than we did in the serve exactly as it is? Or do we want to a parent of two teenagers. And they 1960’s. I have been told that 90 percent say: Wait a minute; the time has come fear, more than anything, that there is of the medicine we practice today did to restructure; the time has come to no hope for them in this world, that not exist in the 1960’s. It has all been reform. And we are convinced if we do there is no opportunity out there. And invented since that time. The treat- restructure and reform, the time has this budget, I assure you, does not send ments have changed, the equipment come to have a handle on the costs a message of hope and opportunity. has changed, the facilities have that make sense. I urge my colleagues to support the changed. But the program by which it To repeat that which has been said Lautenberg-Rockefeller amendment, to is financed has not changed. It is still here on the floor so many times—and it restore some of those cuts to Medicare, built around the notions that we had may be wearing out now, but it needs to give some hope back to middle-in- when we watched that 1960’s television to be repeated—we are not talking come, working families in this Nation program, ‘‘Marcus Welby,’’ a single about cutting Medicare below its and eventually to defeat the budget practitioner who operated out of a sin- present rate of reimbursement; we are that is before us. gle facility set in an idyllic setting, as- talking about increasing Medicare I yield the floor. sisted by the most caring, wonderful above its present rate of reimburse- Mr. BENNETT addressed the Chair. nurse in the world, Consuela. He would ment on the basis of roughly 7 percent The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- sit there and somehow figure out all of per year compounded. Anybody who ator from Utah is recognized. your ills, and not only take care of has been in the business world long Mr. BENNETT. Mr. President, I ap- your medical problems; he would solve enough to know the power of compound preciate the concern that everyone is your divorce, take care of the teenage interest rates knows how powerful a 7- showing here on the floor for Medicare child that was in trouble, and counsel percent per year compounded increase and Medicaid and the desire that they you in your employment problems. can be in raising the benefits for Medi- have to keep these programs well and Well, Dr. Welby does not exist any- care. healthy and viable for the people who more. Medicine has changed. Our way Right now, the per capita spending is depend upon them. of delivering it has changed. And the around $4,300 per person, and at the end Unfortunately, Mr. President, the de- old notion of having a ‘‘Dr. Welby’’ who of the 7-year period outlined in this sire to keep these programs healthy will be reimbursed from the Federal bill, it will be $6,300 per person, and and well has been translated into a de- Government for all of his skill and all that rate of increase is roughly the sire to keep them as they are. And life of his counsel has to change, too. same as the rate of increase for health

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00043 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S6992 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 costs in the private sector today. So we We must recognize that the old order pocket costs, and a greater burden on know that health care can survive, in- and everything changeth, yielding the family members of beneficiaries deed thrive, with that rate of increase. place to new, lest one good custom who cannot afford the increase. And What we need to do is say we are going should corrupt the world. With that at- with the proposed cuts in Medicaid to take the private rate of increase, tempt, Mr. President, to sound at least which are also part of the Republican lock it into the Federal circumstance somewhat as classical as the Senator plan, any safety net for all but the very so that it cannot grow any more rap- from West Virginia, recognizing that I poorest Americans will be eliminated, idly and then, within those parameters, could never truly approach him, I yield offering no help at all to hard working, make the kinds of administrative the floor. middle-income families. changes necessary to make this thing The PRESIDING OFFICER. The dis- Mr. President, the medical inflation work. tinguished senior Senator from Rhode rate and the changing demographics of What is wrong with that? What is Island is recognized. our population are not the fault of our threatening about that? I assure you, Mr. PELL. Mr. President, I rise in senior citizens. As Government leaders, as one who has had to deal with these support of the Rockefeller amendment it is our responsibility to anticipate forms and had to deal with aged par- to restore $100 billion in funding for our citizens’ needs and to prepare for ents and had to struggle with the med- Medicare and long-term care, to be off- them. It is my strong view that neither ical challenge, and as an adminis- set by the funds which the committee the House nor the Senate Republican trator, if you will, for my father and bill would reserve for tax cuts. budget proposals do this. Rather, both in-laws, I would welcome that kind of This amendment coincides with my proposals will cause a bad situation to circumstance. I am not threatened by own philosophy on the matter of the become worse. it. No one in our senior population budget. We must curtail spending and I have examined my own views and should be threatened by it. reduce the deficit, but we must do so conscience on the matter of Medicare There is a saying that I learned in by the most humane means. And we very carefully. I know that we must college. I wish I could quote it all. I do should not even think about tax cuts make changes—some of which may be not have the photographic memory until we have achieved some kind of very painful—in order to ensure that that the Senator from West Virginia equilibrium between income and ex- Medicare is there not only for today’s possesses, so I will do my best. It is out penditures, and have done so without senior citizens, but also for future gen- of the literature that talks about King shifting the burden to those least able erations of senior citizens. I believe Arthur and Camelot. That should to bear it. that today’s senior citizens understand strike a chord somewhere around here. While there is no question that we that—and that, while they are deeply There are people that have talked must take seriously the recent report concerned about the cost of their own about Camelot with respect to a past of the Medicare trustees which warns medical care—they truly want this fine administration. that—if we don’t do something—the system to be around when their chil- At the moment where Camelot is Medicare trust fund will go bankrupt dren and grandchildren need it. over, in the epic poem by Sir Walter in the year 2002, our efforts to fix the So I am prepared to take steps that Scott, there are those who mourn the system should not be driven by our de- are needed to cut costs, even if this loss of the Knights of the Round Table sire for deficit reduction. While reduc- causes some pain to current and future and say how terrible it is that this is ing the deficit is a goal that we all recipients. But I do not intend to bal- gone. Then this phrase: share, it is not something that can be ance the budget on the backs of senior The old order changeth, yielding place to accomplished without affecting real citizens. new, lest one good custom should corrupt the people, who have real needs and real And I do not intend to support using world. problems. Medicare trust funds, or making modi- Mr. President, we are at that point in Let’s look for a moment at the House fications in the Medicare Program, Medicare. The old order has been a Republican budget proposal. House Re- that do not go directly to the effort to good order. It has helped a lot of peo- publicans propose to cut $286 billion strengthen the Medicare Program and ple. But if we try to preserve it abso- from Medicare and to use the proceeds ensure its long-term viability, unless it lutely as it was written and established for deficit reduction and a $20,000 tax is part of more comprehensive health and laid down over 30 years ago as we cut for the wealthiest Americans. In care reform that improves the overall move into the next millennium, that my view, this defies logic. health care system for all our citizens, one good custom will corrupt the By paying these Social Security including our seniors. world. The old order changeth, and we taxes, a portion of which goes to fund Mr. President, the problems plaguing must change the law to go with it. the Medicare trust fund for part A hos- Medicare today are the same problems I repeat and summarize, Mr. Presi- pital benefits, the citizens of this coun- that have plagued our health care sys- dent, I am not here in any sense to try have a contract with the Govern- tem for some time: the rate of medical challenge the need of our senior citi- ment that this program, for which inflation, the increased use of expen- zens for the Federal Government to their hard-earned money is collected, sive medical technology, and more hos- stay fully involved and fully com- will be used to provide them with pital admissions—due in part to the mitted to the notion that they are en- health care when they are aged or dis- aging of America. And while I recog- titled—entitled, yes, I use the fatal abled. Not to provide deficit reduction. nize fully that the Nation may not be word—they are entitled to support in And not to provide tax relief, espe- ready for the kind of comprehensive their medical costs in their declining cially to those who need it least. health care reform that was proposed and retired years. I support that abso- And the Senate Republican budget last year, I believe that we cannot in- lutely. proposal isn’t much better. It proposes telligently address the rising health I stand here fully committed to a to cut $256 billion from Medicare solely care costs of one segment of the popu- budget that will cause that support to for deficit reduction. This level of cut lation—the elderly—without address- increase at a rate of 7 percent per year fails to recognize that—in future ing the system as a whole and the fact compounded. But I say to those who years—more and more people will that those who are not elderly today want to keep the old system exactly as reach the Medicare age of 65, will de- will—if they are lucky—be elderly to- it is and keep pouring money down the pend on its benefits, and will have to morrow. So I certainly hope that we black hole that it has become, those rely on a much smaller pot of funds to will revisit health care reform very people are wedded to a mechanism of pay what are likely to be higher costs soon and recognize that a crucial part the 1960’s while we are living in the for the same care they are receiving of reform is the strengthening of the 1990’s and preparing for the new cen- now. So there is no comfort in the ex- Medicare Program. tury and the new millennium. planation that the proposed cuts are I hope that as the budget debate be- When we do that, regardless of how simply reductions in the rate of growth gins, we will be able to focus much pure the intent, we are doing our sen- of the program. more on what cuts the Medicare sys- ior citizens no favor. We are doing These proposed cuts will clearly tem can withstand and much less on them no benefit. mean higher deductibles, higher out-of- the amount that Members believe they

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00044 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6993 should cut to provide deficit reduction ernment than at the beginning of this These cuts will shift $900 a year in or tax cuts to the favored few. I believe administration. That is significant and costs to the Medicare recipient. Every that if Members of Congress pursue it is important. The deficits have been Medicare recipient will receive in ef- policy over politics, we will be able to reduced, and they have not been re- fect a tax increase. Every senior citizen pass legislation that will start us on duced enough, but interestingly this will pay $900 more in additional health the road to protecting and preserving will be the third year in a row that care costs. This does not seem appro- Medicare’s promise for future genera- there has been a declining deficit; for priate. tions, while leaving room for future the first time in 50 years that has programmatic reform. taken place in this country. That is What really makes it significantly The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- significant. bad is that many of the costs are being ator from Nevada is recognized. According to the CBO, this deficit re- shifted back to the State and local gov- Mr. REID. Mr. President, will the duction package resulted in little more ernments. They are going to have to Chair inform the Senator from Nevada than 1 percent of the American people pick up these costs. Throughout the de- if there are time constraints at this paying more in taxes. A significant bate that has surrounded these cuts, time in the proceedings? number paid less in taxes. Inflation? my colleagues on the other side of the The PRESIDING OFFICER. At this We have the lowest inflation and the aisle have consistently cited their con- time both sides retain time on the bill. lowest unemployment since the years cern about the Medicare trust fund and There are 16 hours 22 minutes remain- of John Kennedy. That is significant. their commitment to solve the Medi- ing on the Republican side; 16 hours 51 Home sales for 1994 amounted to al- care crisis. No one within the sound of most 4 million. This is the largest total minutes on the Democratic side. my voice should be fooled that sud- since 1978 and the second largest total Mr. REID. So there is no time agree- denly we have a Medicare crisis. We ment on this amendment? ever. Consumer confidence is up by 78 percent. have had a Medicare crisis because The PRESIDING OFFICER. This Medicare is only part of the overall amendment will not be voted on until Mr. President, the reason I mention this is I think we tend to dwell on the health care crisis that we spent days Monday. and weeks on last year. Mr. REID. Thank you, Mr. President. negative. We are doing extremely well The PRESIDING OFFICER. What- as an economy. Certainly we would all When we started the debate on this ever time the Senator may choose to agree that what we have to do is a bet- floor saying there was a health care take would come out of the overall ter job of handling our deficit, and that crisis, over 80 percent of the American time. is what we are here to talk about public agreed there was a health care Mr. REID. I understand that. I thank today. Can we do a better job? I believe crisis. When we finished the debate, no the Chair. the answer is yes, we can do a better one agreed there was a health care cri- Mr. President, I think it is appro- job. But I think what we are going to sis. Why? Because the health insurance talk about today is a matter of prior- priate to once again mention that we industry set out to try to confuse and ities. have heard far too many cries about frighten the American public. And they how bad things are. I think it is impor- There is no dispute that we are going to be on a glidepath to the year 2002 to did a masterful job. It cost them about tant that we talk about how good $200 million for their Harry and Louise things are in this country. have a balanced budget. The question is how should we arrive at that figure? ads and the other things they did to We, in the fall of 1993, passed a deficit frighten and confuse the American pub- reduction plan that was the largest def- There is a significant difference be- tween how those of us on this side of lic, but they were the champions. They icit reduction plan in the history of were the only winner in the health care this country. It passed, however, sadly, the aisle feel and those on the other debate. There were lots of losers. They Mr. President, without any help from side of the aisle feel as to how we should arrive at that balance. This will were the winner, and you have to hand those on the other side of the aisle. We make a distinction between the philos- it to them, they did a good job. Be- received no help in the House from the ophy of the two parties. It is a matter cause, when we finished the debate no- Republican Party or from the Repub- of priorities. body favored health care reform. Even licans in the Senate. And that is too We now have the long-awaited budget seniors were frightened and confused, bad. It should have been a bipartisan proposal that we received from the even though they would have done ex- effort to do a better job of handling the Budget Committee. What we are here tremely well because they would have yearly deficits that have accumulated. to talk about today is not the fact that As a result of that bill that passed, gotten a prescription drug benefit and not only does the budget proposal we a lot of other health care reforms the deficit reduction package that I have received lower taxes for the talked about, we have reduced the def- which would have benefited them sig- wealthy, but it also increases taxes for nificantly. icit by over $600 billion. To be exact, people who work every day. People who The crisis has no more urgency this the deficit will be $616 billion less, as a make less than $28,000 a year will pay result of that action, over the 5 years an average of $400 a year more in the year than it did last year. The only from the time the bill passed. It will way of taxes. That is their priority. reason it has more urgency this year is drop in half as a percentage of national We do not believe, on this side of the because all the cuts are taken from income, from 4.9 to 2.4 percent. Because aisle, that we should have a tax de- Medicare to finance a tax cut. of the deficit reduction plan, the 1994 crease for the wealthy until we get our The rhetoric for Medicare reform is deficit as a percentage of GDP, as pro- fiscal house in order. And certainly we nothing but a smokescreen for the tax jected, is tied among the lowest for all should not increase taxes for working cuts for the wealthiest of Americans. G–7 countries. As a result of that plan, people in this country, the people who In fact, despite earlier claims to the the unemployment rate is 5.8 percent, make under $28,000 a year, so the contrary, the budget resolution being down from over 7 percent in 1992. There wealthy can get a tax decrease. That now are 1.4 million fewer people unem- debated in this body on this day does does not make a lot of sense and it does call for tax cuts. It is disguised. They ployed than at the start of this admin- not sound fair. istration, a 15-percent drop. There are, I am not going to talk today about are saying we are going to have these as a result of the deficit reduction the fact that the proposal we have re- savings, and, therefore, the savings will plan, 6.3 million more jobs than we had ceived from the Budget Committee be given to the Finance Committee. previous to that plan having passed. devastates many educational pro- And what can the Finance Committee And keep in mind, these jobs that have grams. The reason I am here today is do according to the budget resolution? been created are good jobs. For exam- to talk about Medicare. Why are we They can do one thing, and that is to ple, managerial and professional jobs being asked to vote for a budget resolu- give tax cuts. So we should not be make up 58 percent of the new jobs cre- tion that takes a bigger cut out of fooled. The Senate resolution calls for ated since 1994. Medicare than it does anything else? tax cuts, and the House resolution calls In addition to that, 170,000 fewer peo- Why are we being asked to do that? for tax cuts of just a little bit more ple are working for the Federal Gov- That does not seem fair. than the Senate version.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00045 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S6994 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 Let us be clear. What has been pro- Mr. President, I have another letter A call from Michael: posed in this budget resolution is tak- here which is dated April 12, addressed Oppose cuts to Medicare. I am going to ing more than $900 a year from every to me. have to go on welfare. Making it very tough senior citizen in America on Medicare DEAR SENATOR REID: I know you fought to on seniors. to pay for the $20,000 annual tax cut for save Social Security, but not a word about Another message from Robert: Medicare. Americans making over $350,000 a year. Don’t cut Medicare until there is a plan in In fact, over half the tax cuts proposed This is interesting because it is writ- place. Do it correctly and less painfully. will go to Americans with incomes well ten from someone from Nevada. I do not think he is being unreason- over $100,000. When the facts are fil- The Washington Post had an article Feb- able. We do not have a plan in place. tered from this rhetoric, it is not the ruary 28, 1995 citing that huge Medicare cut- Frank: Medicare trust fund they are concerned back foreseen by Packwood. Please don’t cut our Medicare. The money about at all. If it were, the rec- I am not a rich Senior Citizen nor do I get enough for my money. I am not in the poor just does not cover now what is needed. ommendations of the Finance Com- variety but a few dollars above. This is why These are just a few at random tele- mittee would be any savings we get we cannot reduce the balanced budget on the phone calls and letters that I have re- should be to restore the cuts that have backs of the poor and the elderly. I want to ceived. If we all sorted through our been made in this resolution to Medi- be able to choose my own doctors for in my mail, we would all find the same type care. It would be to divert the savings case I have trigeminal neuralgia which is of responses from the public. achieved from a balanced budget back uncurable. I need to find the best specialists Why, I repeat, is it fair to give tax to the Medicare program ensuring around to help me. I don’t want to be forced cuts to the wealthy, tax increases to health coverage for our Nation’s sen- to go into any HMO’s. As far as voting I go for the person and not the workers making $28,000 a year, cuts iors. the Party. in education, and then make the big- Those on the other side of the aisle I feel this way. If an encumbant or any gest cut of all, Medicare. This does not continue to mask their tax cut as candidate running for office does not care sound fair. Medicare reform. But there is no re- about me than I do not care about their fu- Mr. President, these letters that I form in this resolution. The Republican ture. I will not vote for him/her. shared with the Senate and the tele- approach to reform contained in this Remember the debate we had last phone calls are not just a few here and resolution is the appointment of yet year. We have to maintain choice. a few there. As we are speaking, my of- another government commission to What we were going to do in health fice is receiving lots of telephone calls. study the issue. The American public, care reform, as you will recall, was My staff is going through the mail. If and certainly we in this body, should have health cooperatives, which was these cuts are implemented, there are understand when we call for a commis- the original idea where we would have approximately 200,000 Medicare enroll- sion, when we call for a study, it is a a number of people go out and bid to ees in Nevada who will pay an average way to camouflage the inability to get the best and cheapest coverage. We of $1,080 more in the year 2002 alone make a decision. What we need now is were criticized for that. But now that and $3,620 more over these next 7 years. the courage to implement change; that is being recommended. It is interesting also that the burden is, to go back and do some good, rea- Managed care is the word of the day, will be the greatest for the one in four sonable health care reform, reforms which is certainly a lot worse than seniors; that is, the 25 percent of sen- that will not decrease benefits or in- anything we ever suggested because iors who rely solely on Social Security, crease costs. But certainly we do not what we suggested was there was no who do not get a penny from anyone need the kind of slash and burn ap- middleman that would eat up all the else. This will hurt them more than proach taken in this resolution. money. Who are the highest paid ex- anyone else. These recipients will be I received, as we all do, letters re- ecutives in America today? Among the forced to use much more of their Social garding the Medicare proposal within highest paid executives in America Security check to cover these out-of- this budget resolution. A letter that I today are the people who run these pocket costs for health care. have is quite clear and quite direct. It health maintenance organizations, who This budget proposal is not only says: run these managed care operations. They do not know how to spend all of about seniors. It is also about Amer- DEAR SENATOR: * * * We see and hear all their money. ican families because, if there is an im- around us stories of the wasteful spending by pact on a senior, most of the time it af- Government in this country—the Commis- I go on with the letter: sions that are obsolete, the entire Depart- As far as voting, I go for the person and fects that person’s family. These dras- ments that are without a mandate (DOE not the party. I feel this way. If an incum- tic cuts in Medicare not only threaten comes to mind—how long has it been since bent or any candidate running for office does the pocketbooks of seniors, but also there was a need to supply power to rural not care about me, then I do not care about those of their families. areas?) the graft that must be present if we their future. Why do we have Medicare? Why do are actually paying $10.00 for an item that Mr. President, in my office, like in we have Social Security generally? We can be bought in any hardware store for 80 your office, I receive phone calls when have it, Mr. President, to give inde- cents, and the $350 vacuum cleaners that we issues come up, whether it is on the pendence to the seniors, to make peo- pay $1350 for. Much of the above are things that the av- gun control issue, abortion issue, or in ple feel like they are somebody. erage citizen sees no need for at all, let alone this instance, cutting Medicare. We I related during the debate we had on at such inflated prices. Medicare is one thing have received hundreds and hundreds of the balanced budget amendment the that we get back from our years and years of telephone calls in my Reno office, my story of my grandmother, Harriet Reid, paying taxes that we can see and understand. Carson City office, the Las Vegas of- born in England, citizen of the United Granted there may be excesses. But why is fice, and the Washington office. States. I can remember as a little boy this program singled out for dismemberment Here is a call we received from going to the post office and picking up when programs that benefit other countries, Dottie, living in Las Vegas, in an my grandmother’s old age pension or sadly, nobody but those on the Govern- apartment. ment payroll, are kept well beyond their use- check. I did not know it had a fancy fulness? Opposed to Medicare cuts. If it were not for name at the time, her Social Security If you want to cut the cost of Medicare, Medicare, you would not be talking to me check. That check gave my old grand- you must phase it out over time. You must today; three strokes and a car accident. mother independence. She had chil- not yank the rug out from under those of us A note from Harry Decker: dren, but she did not have to depend on who earned our money in days when we Don’t cut Medicare irresponsibly. This will her children for everything because she earned less than half what people in our hurt people. had her old age pension. former positions earn today. Yet the infla- I can tell Harry Decker that, if this What we are doing with these cuts in tion that brought their salaries up and af- budget resolution passes, he will have Medicare is taking away the independ- fects the prices we all pay applies to us equally with them. It could mean the dif- his worst dream fulfilled because that ence of people, of people like my grand- ference between living with dignity and liv- is what is done in this budget resolu- mother. My grandmother, were she ing in abject poverty for those with medical tion. We are cutting Medicare irrespon- alive today, if this budget resolution problems. sibly. passes, would become more dependent

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00046 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6995 on her family, if in fact she was fortu- little hospitals. They are very impor- you just precipitously decide to lop off nate enough to have a family. tant. the money on the health care side, We can cart out all the charts and Nearly 10 million Medicare bene- even as you are giving tax cuts to the graphs showing how bad things are, but ficiaries, that is, 25 percent of the very affluent and doing a lot of other I ask everyone to go back again and re- total, live where? They live in rural things we do not need to do and taking alize how good things are in this econ- America. They live in rural Nevada it out of the hide of those to whom it omy today. For the third year in a row, where there is often only a single hos- means the most, what you end up with we have had a deficit decline—170,000 pital in their county, if in fact you are is closure of rural hospitals. fewer Federal employees, lowest infla- lucky. We do not have a hospital in In North Dakota, I estimate at least tion, lowest unemployment since the every one of our counties. a dozen rural hospitals will close rath- days of Kennedy, economic growth sig- Significant cuts as in this budget res- er quickly if we see these kinds of cuts nificantly high. We are doing very well. olution in Medicare revenues will most in Medicare without some kind of a And no one on this side of the aisle is likely force many of these hospitals, plan to reduce the price of health care saying we should not have a balanced which are already in financial distress, in a thoughtful way that still allows us budget. We believe that we should. And to close or turn where? Turn to local to keep a structure out there so we can we are going to have an opportunity on taxpayers for more money. And where keep rural hospitals up and open and a vote on a fair budget resolution. will local taxpayers be asked to con- operating. What we are saying is do not take the tribute? From property taxes, from That is the issue. The issue is how do money out of the pockets of senior citi- other types of taxes that local govern- we get to a balanced budget, not zens, people who are going from hand ments will have to come up with if whether. And some in this Chamber to mouth with their Social Security they want to have rural hospitals. This want to stop their vehicles at different checks. is a way to make State and local gov- intersections. They want to stop and We are saying it should not be tax ernments pay more if they want to give a little tax break to those affluent cuts now. We want to give tax cuts just have hospitals because we are bailing people in the house on the hill, and like everyone else would, but we want out; the Federal Government is saying then they want to stop at this little to do it when we can afford to give tax we want no more. That is what this house down below and take Medicare cuts. We want to get our budget deficit resolution says. funds away from the person who does that comes every year under control. It Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, I won- not have much income, and they want is not fair, I say also, to raise taxes for der if the Senator from Nevada will to stop at the next house on that street people who work every day for a living yield to me for a moment for a ques- and take a few dollars away from those making less than $28,000 a year. Why tion. who want to send their kids to college. would we want to increase taxes for Mr. REID. I will be happy to yield for We just have a different system for them in the same budget resolution a question. the delivery truck to get to the des- and lower taxes for people making hun- Mr. DORGAN. I will not take much tination. We would like to ask every- dreds of thousands of dollars a year? time. I know others are waiting. I will body to pay their fair share. The burden will not only be felt by come and speak on Monday morning on The point we are making about rural seniors directly, but it will be felt very this subject, but I was interested to hospitals is a very important point. It significantly, strongly in rural Amer- hear the Senator from Nevada speak on applies not just to Nevada but it ap- ica. rural hospitals. plies to every State in this country Nevada is the most urban State in I listened to some of the debate ear- that is a rural State. the Union, I have been told, Mr. Presi- lier today and it is framed by some in dent; 90 percent of the people approxi- this Chamber as a debate between I appreciate the Senator yielding to mately live in the Reno and Las Vegas those who want a balanced budget and me. areas. In the huge State of Nevada, those who do not. Mr. REID. I say to my friend from with 175 million acres, only about 10 That is not the debate we are having North Dakota, he is absolutely right. percent of the people live outside of the at all. The question is not whether. He very, very precisely laid out the metropolitan areas, but they are going The question is how. We think we program. to be hurt real bad. That 10 percent of ought to balance the budget. We think You can present all the charts on the the people of the State of Nevada also we ought to balance the budget by 2002. budget, saying if we do not do some- need health care. The question is what route do you take thing, we are going to be in big trouble, We have a study by Lewin-VHI, a to get there. all these charts showing what has gone consulting firm. It recently unveiled an The Senator from Nevada is talking on in the past. analysis of the impact these Medicare about rural hospitals. If someone says I have done a couple things, I say to cuts that are in this Senate Budget the route we ought to take to get there my friend from North Dakota, here Committee resolution would have on is to have a very substantial cut in today. I pointed out, No. 1, the econ- hospitals and beneficiaries. The study Medicare and give a big tax cut to folks omy is doing great. But having said found that ‘‘by the year 2002, Medicare that have a lot of income, a $20,000 tax that, I recognize, as we all do on this could pay hospitals only 89 cents on cut to those whose incomes are $300,000 side of the aisle, that to continue the the dollar for the operating costs of de- a year; if someone says we can afford economic growth and viability of this livering inpatient care to a Medicare to do that but we cannot afford to pro- country we have to have a glidepath to patient.’’ Today hospitals almost do vide Medicare sufficient to keep rural a balanced budget. We all want a bal- not break even, but this would be even hospitals open, we on this side of the anced budget. I do not know of anyone more drastic than that. aisle disagree with the how. We believe over here on this side of the aisle who The study also found that every type in this country that it is important to does not want a balanced budget. We of hospital would suffer under those re- keep rural hospitals open. We believe all want one. I say to my friend he is ductions and that the average hospital you can do that and we believe you can absolutely right. It is a matter of pri- in the year 2002 would lose almost $900 still balance the budget. orities. per Medicare patient. But I am particu- The point the Senator is making I as- And I would say, one of the things larly concerned about rural hospitals. sume is pretty much the same point that I have talked about here also, we We are having fewer and fewer rural that we have in my State. In North Da- have talked about the tax cuts for the hospitals in Nevada all the time. They kota, many rural hospitals find that up wealthy, the tax increases to people cannot stay in business because, inter- to 80 percent of the people who walk making less than $28,000 a year, but estingly enough, Medicare pays them through the front door are Medicare also disguised in all of this is a heavy less than it does an urban hospital for patients. burden on State and local governments the same procedure, and we need these Mr. REID. Absolutely right. Same in because we have to keep those rural hospitals in rural Nevada. We have Nevada. hospitals open. And the Federal Gov- areas in Nevada that are separated by Mr. DORGAN. A very high percent- ernment, because it will not live up to hundreds of miles, and we need these age of the people are on Medicare. If its responsibility to the senior citizens

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00047 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S6996 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 of this country, will pass that burden closure of rural hospitals would be dev- But, Mr. President, few things have to State and local governments. They astating to the delivery of health care equaled the millionaire lectures in this are going to have to try to keep those in rural Nevada and rural America. debate on class warfare. Let me be very hospitals open and they can only do it What it all boils down to, I repeat, as specific. Throughout the last day, we through taxation of people that live in my friend from North Dakota stated, is have listened to those who went to pri- those States. a matter of priorities. We all believe vate schools when they grew up lecture So it is a disguised way of increasing there should be a balanced budget and those of us who went to public schools taxes. it should be by the year 2002. But what about what it is like to be poor. Mr. Mr. DORGAN. Will the Senator yield we are saying is that we do not believe President, they do not know what they for 1 moment? the budget should be balanced on the are talking about. Mr. REID. I am happy to yield. backs of those people in their golden Mr. President, we have listened to Mr. DORGAN. This is about prior- years; that is, the senior citizens of people who, when vacation time came ities. this country. in school, took their trips to the bay in We have people who say, ‘‘Let’s re- It is interesting to note that the Massachusetts or went to Florida for build star wars.’’ And we have people in amount of money that is going to be vacations, lecture those of us who the Contract With America saying, cut from Medicare is almost the same worked when vacation time came. ‘‘Let’s now start on a brand new, gold- amount of money that is going to be Mr. President, we have listened to plated weapons system called Star given in tax cuts. That is unfair. those who went to Ivy League schools, Wars. Let’s build it now. Let’s take I think it is important to repeat of which they are duly proud, lecture money out of Medicare. Let’s decide to again, Mr. President, the fact that we those of us who went to public schools. freeze Head Start.’’ also believe in a balanced budget. We We have listened to those who are This is about priorities. Frankly, are going to have a plan that we will millionaires and had their daddy buy some of us do not agree with the prior- offer that will not devastate Medicare everything they wanted at college lec- ities that have been brought to the and will allow education to receive its ture those of us who worked 30 and 40 floor. fair share, and we will not give tax in- hours a week to get through college. It is not a disagreement about wheth- creases to people making less than And when they lecture us, they tell us er we have a balanced budget. It is a $28,000 a year, nor will we give tax de- what it is like to be poor. They do not disagreement about priorities. creases to the wealthy. know what they are talking about. I think the Senator from Nevada is This amendment which is now before Mr. President, I have listened to peo- laying that out and I appreciate him this body which calls for a realignment ple on this floor who, when they got yielding. is something that should pass. We be- out of college, did not take advantage Mr. REID. Again, I thank my friend lieve that $100 billion of money that is of the opportunity to serve our country from North Dakota, who has done such being taken from Medicare should be in the Armed Forces, but had daddy an outstanding job during this entire replaced with the money that is going pay for their trip around the world or a debate on the balanced budget. There is to be generated in this package that is vacation or maybe they got a Govern- never an example in this Chamber that marked by the Budget Committee to go ment job, or perhaps they even started I have seen more effectively used than to the Finance Committee for tax cuts in business. But the chances are they the fact that this Senator from North for the wealthy. In effect, $100 billion started at the top, not the bottom. Dakota, who had years of experience in in tax cuts for the wealthy should be Those same people have turned to us the House of Representatives on the returned to Medicare. who have served our country in the Ways and Means Committee—I con- Mr. BROWN addressed the Chair. military when we got out of school, or gratulate and applaud him for using The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. GOR- began work and started at the bottom, that experience to come here and help TON). Who yields time? and they have lectured us about what explain and make more apparent some Mr. BROWN. Mr. President, I yield it is like to be poor and what it is like of the things we are doing on budget myself such time as I may consume to be rich. These marvelous, inspiring matters here in the Senate. from the Republican side. speeches about class warfare have seen Mr. President, again talking about I ask unanimous consent, since we trust-fund liberal millionaires come to rural hospitals and rural health care have had two Democrat speeches in a this floor and lecture people who are delivery, closing hospitals will ulti- row, that we might have two Repub- from working-class, conservative back- mately result in the loss of jobs and lican speeches in a row. grounds about the class warfare that is loss of physicians and, of course, hos- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there in this budget. pitals in these communities. objection? Without objection, it is so Men and women, Democrats and Re- This is very troublesome for the ordered. publicans, will understand that people health care of rural Nevadans because, The Senator from Colorado is recog- of good conscience disagree over this even though we do not have a lot of nized. budget and disagree over the implica- people who live in rural Nevada, those Mr. BROWN. Thank you, Mr. Presi- tions of it. But I suspect most Ameri- people who live there, few in number, dent. cans will find themselves choke over are as important to me as the people I know Americans listening in and the irony of trust-fund millionaires who live in the big cities. those here must sometimes find Con- coming to this floor and talking about I am from rural Nevada, born and gress a puzzling place. There is no class welfare and lecturing those of us raised in rural Nevada. Unfortunately, question that at times rhetoric is in- who worked our way through life. it appears that those who are in the spirational and at times it is less than Mr. President, this debate ought to majority here are not as concerned that. But let me just say, anyone who be about facts. It ought to be about the about rural Americans as the rest of has listened to this discussion very truth. And let us cover it, because I us. long will find all kinds, and I think at think some frank words are appro- In Nevada, a health profession short- times will find it quite puzzling. priate. age is already there today. It is a fact Sometimes they will hear cuts in The trust-fund millionaires have of life. Thirteen of Nevada’s seventeen spending described as increases, and in- come to this floor and said this budget counties are identified as health pro- creases in spending described as cuts. slashes Medicare. Mr. President, I do fession shortage areas; 11 counties are What is a person to think? Sometimes not care how rich your background is, classified as frontier, meaning there we will find people who avoided the I do not care what your father did, you are 6 persons or fewer per square mile draft giving glowing speeches about ought to at least have the decency to and more than 45 miles between med- what vehement hawks they are in mili- come to this floor and be honest. ical service sites. The distance between tary affairs, and I guess vice versa. Now, what are the facts? The Medi- major towns averages 100 miles, with Sometimes those who consistently vote care funds go up, not down. Let me re- distances of 180 to 200 miles in more for higher deficits make the most elo- peat that. Under this budget, Medicare isolated areas. quent speeches about balancing the goes up $105 billion. Now, I do not care So, Mr. President, as you can see, budget. Indeed, this is a confusing if you are a multimillionaire, $105 bil- drastic Medicare cuts resulting in the place. lion is an increase, not a cut. And no

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00048 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6997 one in this country, no matter how rich budget does, and it does many things, benefits. They are exactly the same they are or how liberal they are or how but to inaccurately describe it and mis- ones who came, or at least there are as much they inherited, is entitled to represent it, I think, detracts from the many of them that are the same, that come to this floor and misrepresent the quality of the debate this Chamber voted for the tax increase on fuel who facts. Medicare spending goes up every ought to have. now come and decry tax increases on year. It goes up $105 billion, and that is I have heard people come to the floor working people. not a cut. That is an increase. Medi- and say, ‘‘This budget takes away the Mr. President, the fact is this: This care spending goes up 7.1 percent a earned income tax credit.’’ Others have country has the lowest net savings rate year every year on the average. said it savages it. Mr. President, this of any major industrialized country in Medicare spending per capita goes up budget will leave the earned income the world. Young men and women who from $4,950 to $6,400. Regardless of tax credit higher when it finishes than want an opportunity in this country where you learned your math, that is when it starts. depend on savings to give new invest- an increase, not a cut. Does it change current law? Of ment and new jobs. One of the reasons To come to this floor and say we cut course, it changes current law. It does that we have productivity increasing Medicare and imply that is class war- not allow the earned income tax credit at a slower rate in this country is be- fare is simply inaccurate. Tragically, to increase as much. You can disagree cause as Americans we have not rein- Mr. President, I fear some of those who with that. You can say it ought to in- vested in our future and in our Nation. have done that know better. crease more. Honest men and women I hope the level of debate will deal One of the great ironies is these trust can disagree about that subject, but to with the facts in this case, and I hope fund liberals have come to the floor say it wipes out the earned income tax the level of the debate will be accurate with another story. They have said this credit is simply not accurate. because there are disagreements here budget involves tax cuts for the rich. This budget recognizes the fact that and they are honest ones. But for trust One said it is tax cuts for the wealthy. the earned income tax credit had a fund liberal Democrats and trust fund One said it is a redistribution to help problem. There were indications of liberal millionaires to come to this the wealthy. You are entitled to your fraud and abuse in excess of 30 percent floor and lecture those of us who work view on whether you like this budget of the claims. This budget suggests for a living about class warfare I do not or not and you are entitled to dislike that you ought to take a look at that think contributes to the quality of de- the idea you are going to go to a bal- fraud and eliminate it, that you ought bate. anced budget—it is a change for Amer- to correct the fraud. For Members to come to this floor ica—but, Mr. President, to say this I can understand how someone could and misrepresent the facts of what this budget involves a tax cut for the rich is say, even though an objective congres- budget does I do not think contributes simply not true, is simply a reflection sional body said there was fraud in it, to this debate. Mr. President, I think that they have not read it. You can be ‘‘We do not agree.’’ They are entitled what is more important is the working a Democrat or Republican or liberal or to say that. I do not believe that is ac- men and women of this country have conservative, but you cannot come to curate, but I can understand they dis- an ability to see through the quality of this floor and say it with a straight agree with it. But they have not said rhetoric that has appeared on this floor face because it is a lie, it is not true. that. They say this wipes out the about the budget. Most working men Here are the facts: There is no tax earned income tax credit. and women in this country understand cut in the Senate budget that came out I can see how someone can come to that bankrupting this Nation is not to of committee. There is a provision that the floor and say, ‘‘Look, even though their benefit. Most men and women says if we balance the budget, if we it had fraud in it, I think it is still who work for a living in this country pass the reconciliation, and if there is worthwhile and you ought to increase want a future for their children and a recalculation by CBO of the econo- it the way it originally was done.’’ I do they are willing not only to work for it mies of this, that there could be a tax not agree with that, but I think it but to sacrifice for it and to commit cut only with the money that comes would be an accurate statement. But to for it. from refiguring the numbers. come and say this wipes out the earned And most working men and women in But, Mr. President, what it also says income tax credit is not true. this Nation understand, above all else, specifically—and it is a Democratic I think what offends me most is that there is not any gift of free things amendment that I cosponsor—it deals those who have had the most in their in this world; that ultimately what we with any tax cut that could come life, who have been given millions and have is what we work for, and that a about that way; that is, through a re- inherited millions come to the floor politician who wants their vote by giv- calculation of the numbers. That and lecture us on class warfare. ing them handouts is not their friend amendment specifically addresses how Mr. President, there are a couple nor their savior, and that someone who any tax cut would be dealt with. That things that I think are specific there offers them a hand up, not a handout, amendment specifically states it is the that the American people ought to be perhaps offers them the greatest gift of intent of the Senate and eventually the aware of. For you as a Senator or any all. intent of Congress that 90 percent of Member of this body to vote for endless I yield the floor, Mr. President. any tax cut would go to working people and increasing deficits for our country, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the who have incomes under $100,000. I honestly do not believe is a benefit to Senator from Colorado seek to yield You can say, ‘‘I don’t agree with that the poor of this Nation. That is what time? policy,’’ or you can say, ‘‘I agree with the President’s budget is. It is an in- Mr. BROWN. Mr. President, I yield to it,’’ but to come and say that this crease in deficits that continue on and the Senator from Maine such time as budget is all about a tax cut for the increase. If there is someone who hon- she requires. rich is simply not accurate, it is not estly believes that is a benefit to the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- true. All you have to do is bother to poor, they have a different view of the ator from Maine. read the budget. world than I do. All you have to do is Ms. SNOWE. Mr. President, I thank Mr. President, I have heard others look at the burden of paying the inter- the Senator for yielding and concur come here and say it penalizes the est on what we owe. with the remarks that have been made poor. That is interesting. That is inter- Some people have come to the floor, by the Senator from Colorado in terms esting. This budget increases 3 percent some of the millionaires have come to of being able to deal with the facts, be- a year, and the programs that go up the floor and talked about how this in- cause I think that this issue is far too the fastest are the ones that are aimed volves tax increases on working people. important to ignore the realities of the at the poor. The ones that are cut most Mr. President, those are exactly the problem that are facing this country dramatically fall in the category, in same ones, or at least some of them are for now and future generations, but many areas, of corporate welfare. exactly the same ones that in prior also the facts with respect to the plan To say this budget’s net effect is to Congresses have voted a tax increase that is before this Senate. penalize the poor is simply not accu- on Social Security on working people, First of all, as a member of the Sen- rate. You can disagree with what the or people who had worked for those ate Budget Committee, I certainly

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00049 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S6998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 want to commend Senator DOMENICI as scored plan that says we can balance $88 billion worth of spending cuts over chair of the Senate Budget Committee the budget by the year 2002. We have no 5 years of a collective budget—over 5 for doing a magnificent job and pro- other plans. We heard in the Senate years of perhaps $6 trillion. The budget viding the leadership necessary to Budget Committee, well, it is not real- that the President put forward this bring forth a balanced budget plan. ly a balanced budget because we have year actually only reduced Federal What has been interesting about this not addressed the surplus of the Social spending by $32 billion over 5 years debate so far as a member of the Sen- Security trust fund. Again, I agree, which, again, represents over 5 years of ate Budget Committee and formerly as that would be another approximately collective budget of $6 to $7 trillion. a Member of the House of Representa- $700 billion that we would have to ad- And he only recommended $32 billion in tives in the last Congress—I also served dress beyond the $1.2 trillion. But I that period of time. on the House Budget Committee—at also would suggest that this plan gets that time we were in the minority and us off the trust fund eventually and is One of the previous speakers said we we were challenged by the President the only plan to do so. have had 3 consecutive years of declin- and administration officials as a mi- Now, if other Members have sugges- ing deficits. Yes, that was the good nority to bring forward our specific tions as to how we can take the trust news. But the bad news is that the def- recommendations for budget cuts. The fund off now with finding an additional icit is going back up. That is the whole President put forward a plan and chal- $700 billion in cuts over and above the point. That is the major problem facing lenged Republicans to bring forward a $1.2 trillion we have to find to balance this country, because the President’s plan. We did and it was rejected by the the budget by 2002, we would welcome budget and plan from the past, as well Democrats and it was rejected by the those recommendations. But you hear as the one he recommended to Congress administration. But nevertheless, we time and time again about attacking this year, add another $2 trillion worth put forward $433 billion worth of spe- specifics of this plan and what we have of debt by the year 2002—another $2 cific deficit reduction recommenda- done. But they do not talk about the trillion. tions. positive benefits, which I will get into Now, here today, we are in the major- In fact, the deficit will be $100 billion in a moment. They do not have an al- larger in the year 2000 than what the ity and we feel that we have a responsi- ternative. You do not hear about com- bility, as we promised the American President had predicted in the budget peting balanced budget plans here. We that he submitted to Congress this people, to provide a balanced budget by do not hear about constructive rec- the year 2002. Indeed, the first month year. It will be $100 billion larger. That ommendations as to how we can do it is not even taking into account, ac- of this Congress, we debated a constitu- differently. cording to the Congressional Budget tional amendment to balance the budg- All we are hearing is criticism and et. We heard, time and time again, bickering about what is wrong with the Office, high inflationary periods or a from many Members of the minority, plan. I think that those who support recession. That is assuming that every- who said, ‘‘I support a balanced budget. the principle of a balanced budget, and thing goes well economically between I think we should balance the budget. I support it in reality, have an obliga- now and the year 2000. So, in fact, that think we should have a balanced budg- tion to come forward with a specific could be even a higher number, a high- et by the year 2002, but I do not think plan and alternative if they cannot er number than the $100 billion more a constitutional amendment is nec- support this plan. They owe it to the than the President had projected for essary.’’ In fact, we passed an amend- American people. We can cite, as we the year 2000. So those are some of the ment instructing the Budget Com- did in committee time and time again, facts that we are attempting to deal mittee, with a vote of 87 to 10, to come the fact that many Members made with. forward with a balanced budget plan. statements in the last few months say- What has happened in the interim is I feel if people have constructive crit- that we have had no alternatives from ing how much they supported a bal- icism, then they have to recommend the minority as to how to balance the anced budget and they wanted to work ways in which to balance this budget budget. What we have heard today together. But when we faced that re- differently. But that is the bottom here, and in previous debates, is at- ality in committee, we did not have line. If you believe the magnitude of tacking and criticizing the specifics of any ideas forthcoming. They talked the debt is going to seriously impair our plan. I do not doubt that we can about spending a dividend that might this country’s ability to prosper and find fault with a plan that attempts to or might not materialize at the end of provide the kind of standard of living balance the budget over the next 7 7 years, and the Congressional Budget that the American people deserve, then years, given the fact that it has been 26 Office has said if in fact we put in place you have to support this plan, because years since this Nation has experienced a plan over 7 years that balances the this is the only plan that is before the a balanced budget. But the fact is that budget, we can realize a dividend of Senate. $170 billion. But that will happen over there has been no constructive con- I know some of the previous speakers tribution as to how we balance the 7 years, assuming that all we put in also mentioned tax cuts, which is budget. place happens. So what we faced in the I have two charts here, because I committee were numerous amend- something that was in the House plan. think it is important to illustrate the ments on how to spend the dividend. Well, this is the Senate plan. We do not point. To my right, we have the bal- There were more than $500 billion have tax cuts in this plan. We hear anced budget proposal before the Sen- worth of recommended increases in about tax cuts and other things that ate. You can see over 7 years, we find spending. But we did not get the cor- have no relationship to the plan that is that in the year 2002 we put the budget responding reductions. We did not get before the Senate. And it is very, very back into the black. It is not perfect. recommendations as to how we could important, I think, to make that dis- There are a lot of things I do not like cut this budget and balance it by the tinction. in it either. But we have to get to a year 2002. This plan before us today will bal- bottom line, which is to balance the So I think that people as they are ance the budget for the first time in 26 budget by the year 2002. It is in the in- watching these debates are going to years in American history. The last terest of this country, in the interest understand the difference between time we had a balanced budget in this those who are trying to do something of future generations to do just that. country is when America put a man on for the future of this country and those Now the other chart I have is pretty the Moon. much of a blank. It is the Democrat who are not doing anything. plan to balance the budget. There is The President’s budget, as I men- Our deficit and our debt have grown nothing. We are not debating alter- tioned earlier today, did not address 1,250 percent since we last balanced the natives or competitive plans. We had a the issue of deficit reduction. In fact, budget back in 1969. That is what we vote earlier today on the President’s the President’s budget that was en- are talking about. There is no other plan. The vote was 99 to zero against. acted in the last Congress, which rep- way in which to face this problem So the point is that the only plan be- resented the largest tax increase in the other than to make some of the tough fore this Senate is a credible CBO- history of this country, only provided choices now. I think everybody agrees

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00050 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S6999 we have to make some of these dif- Now, I think the President recog- had a history of redirection of funds for ficult choices, provided it is fair and is nized that there has been a problem be- the relatively better financed,’’ be- responsible. cause in the past he has been quoted on cause none of these programs is well fi- First of all, I should say that our several occasions, and I have these nanced, ‘‘the relatively better financed plan saves Medicare. We have heard an quotes on the charts because I think it programs in the short-term in order to awful lot about Medicare today. It is a is important to remind everyone that shore up the troubled programs.’’ very, very important program. So im- the President spoke about these issues What they were recommending is portant that I would think that every- as well when it came to Medicare and that we take action in the short term one would be concerned about the the growth and the problems we have and, yes, then address some of the trustees’ report which indicates with- in the future. other issues in the context of health out question that the hospital insur- He said at one meeting, back in April care reform for longer-term rec- ance trust fund will be insolvent by the 1994, ‘‘Then we’ll be able to lower the ommendations for the long-term sta- year 2002. rate of inflation—keep in mind, we do bility of the program far beyond the It is the Medicare trustees—they are not propose to cut Medicare and Med- year 2002. not Republicans—and it was not the icaid, Ma’am,’’ in answer to a question The trustees also estimated that it Budget Committee who have predicted at a town meeting. ‘‘Medicare and Med- would take an immediate 4-percent in- the insolvency or the bankruptcy of icaid under our proposal would go up at crease in the payroll tax or an imme- the Medicare Program in 2002. twice the rate of inflation, instead of diate reduction in Medicare spending Understand one thing: If we do noth- three times the rate of inflation.’’ by 30 percent to deal with the insol- ing, if we do nothing about the Medi- vency issue if Congress does not make Then, back in October 1993, in speak- the changes in the system. care problem, there will be no Medicare ing to the AARP, a very important or- benefits for any of the 36 million Amer- Obviously, we do not want that to ganization that represents senior citi- happen. That is why, I think, that a icans it serves after the year 2002. zens in this country, he said, ‘‘Today, None. It will not exist. By law, the commission on Medicare would be Medicaid and Medicare are going up at very, very, helpful. Our plan before the Government is prevented from pro- three times the rate of inflation. We viding any benefits if there are no as- Senate today actually increases Medi- propose to let it go up at two times the care spending and saves the Medicare sets in the insurance trust fund. rate of inflation.’’ Now, that is less I would like to quote the Medicare Program from going bankrupt in 7 than what we have in our budget. We trustees themselves, who stated the years, as the Medicare trustees have have much more. ‘‘That is not a Medi- following: predicted. care or Medicaid cut. Only in Wash- With the magnitude of the projected actu- Our plan provides for overall cumu- arial and hospital insurance program, the ington do people believe that no one lative spending for Medicare over 7 trustees urge Congress to take additional ac- can get by on twice the rate of infla- years of $1.6 trillion. Medicare spending tion designed to control the hospital insur- tion, so when you hear all this business will climb from $178 billion this year to ance program costs. The trustees believe about cuts, let me caution you that is an estimated $283 billion in the fiscal that prompt, effective and decisive action is not what is going on. We are going to year 2002 under this proposal, an in- necessary. have increases in Medicare and Med- crease of $105 billion, or almost 60 per- That is exactly what we do in our icaid.’’ cent above this year’s outlays alone. document. I think we owe it to the seniors of Moreover, per capita spending on Amazingly, the minority has no pro- this country to begin to address this Medicare under this measure will rise posals, no ideas, to remedy the Medi- problem. In this proposal, we are rec- from $4,950 per Medicare beneficiary in care crisis. This, despite the fact that ommending that we establish a bipar- 1995 to more than $6,400 per person in three of the Medicare trustees are ac- tisan commission to recommend ways the year 2002, a 29-percent increase. tual Cabinet Secretaries, and they still in which to address the insolvency of That is an increase of over $1,500 in 7 refuse to admit there is a crisis. They the program that will occur in the year years, or an extra $200 per person each say it has been mentioned before. 2002, according to the trustees, when year in Medicare spending. Well, we have 7 years in which to ad- they issue their report. Our plan also protects Social Secu- dress the problem. As several of the Now we heard many say it has to be rity. That is why I am also amazed trustees testified before the Senate done within the context of comprehen- that so many here have said in their Budget Committee recently, they said sive health care reform. I think we previous speeches that somehow this we have to take some action because it ought to have health care reform. I plan affects Social Security. They said is going to take some time to have an think it is an imperative. Hopefully, we that about the constitutional amend- impact on the revenues of the trust will be able to address that, as well, in ment to balance the budget, as well. fund. this Congress. But there is nothing more important to We cannot wait until the year 2002. We asked the trustees when they ap- the Social Security trust fund than We cannot wait until the year 2000. We peared before the committee as to making sure that we get our house in cannot even wait until 1997. It has to be whether or not we should have com- order with respect to our Federal budg- done now, in order to have a positive prehensive health care reform in order et deficits. The more we spend in the impact. to address this problem, or should we red, the more we borrow from the trust I, personally, think that the 36 mil- do it on a separate, legislative ap- fund. lion Americans who depend on this pro- proach. It is paramount for Social Security gram—and more in the future because Mr. Ross responded, recipients that we address the deficit we will have more people retiring—is I, personally, believe there may well be a issue and make every attempt to re- that they should have a sustainable two-step process that is necessary, doing strain the growth of our national debt. health care program. those things that can be done now to address That is the real threat to the Social Now, we have one of two choices. We things that can be affected in the short run, Security program. The fact is that no either attempt to address it this year while setting up a process to deal in a more less than 10 percent of our Federal or we ignore it. I, frankly, think we long-range and fuller basis with the problem debt, much of which has been added have a responsibility to address this in the context of broader health care reform. over the last 2 years, is already owed to problem. The other trustee was asked, What the Social Security trust fund. That is So this is not a manufactured num- are the alternatives if we do not ad- why it is so critical for us to balance ber. It is not a manufactured crisis. dress the problems? And Mr. Walker the Federal budget. In fact, the former This is from a report that was done by said, ‘‘Delaying will only serve to in- Commissioner, Robert Myers, of the the trustees of the Medicare system. crease the difficulty and the severity of Social Security Administration—he This just came out. Three of the Presi- any related changes. In addition, fail- was Deputy Commissioner in 1981 and dent’s Cabinet Secretaries are on this ure to address the financial imbalance 1982, and he also, in 1982 and 1983, board. They have said that there is a in the Medicare programs will likely served as the Executive Director on So- problem. I think that we do have an ob- have long-term adverse consensus on cial Security reform—this is what he ligation. Social Security, since the Congress has had to say:

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00051 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 In my opinion, the most serious threat to in this budget plan and our first order With a 2.5-percent drop in interest Social Security is the federal government’s of business. And that is exactly what rates, our interest payments will be fiscal irresponsibility. If we continue to run you are going to find in this budget lowered by more than $600 billion be- Federal deficits year after year, and if inter- proposal. It is nothing more and noth- tween now and the year 2002. est payments continue to rise at an alarming Finally, it has been pointed out that rate, we will face two dangerous possibili- ing less. ties. Either we will raid the trust funds to Under our plan, the Federal Govern- when we do have a balanced budget, in pay for our current profligacy, or we will ment spending will be slowed by $961 the year 2002, interest rates will stay print money, dishonestly inflating our way billion over the next 7 years, reducing around 3.5 percent. For average home- out of indebtedness. Both cases would dev- Government outlays from a total of owners this will mean a savings of $500 astate the real value of the Social Security $12.8 trillion to $11.9 trillion. If we are per month on their mortgage pay- trust funds. going to lead by example, we should in ments. Further quoting Mr. Myers: deficit cutting, and we have in our Another reason we must have a bal- Regaining control of our fiscal affairs is budget. In fact, we place a strict 7-year anced budget set forth in our plan is the most important step that we can take to freeze on all pay for Members of Con- because our Nation cannot continue to protect the soundness of the Social Security gress because we think it is important live in a fiscal condition where our trust funds. I urge Congress to make that that we do all that we can to make standard of living is being continually goal a reality. sure that we are contributing to deficit challenged and lowered by the effects So our plan preserves a secure legacy reduction. In fact, I think we should do of annual deficits and increased debts. for future generations. We are not em- more. Without a balanced budget, America bracing the status quo. We do not want In addition to reducing Federal will become a second-rate economy to condemn future generations to im- spending, our plan reduces the alba- with a second-rate standard of living. possible choices on spending, which is tross of Federal bureaucracy. Our We can no longer afford a gross inter- what the administration’s plan cer- budget proposal reduces the size and est payment on the debt of $339 billion tainly offered, and certainly what the scope of a Federal bureaucracy that this year and $372 billion next year. minority’s plan has offered, which is no has overtaxed, overregulated, and over- Within a few years—and this is an plan. So there are no choices here. And extended itself over past years, hurting amazing statistic—the interest on the that is why this proposal before us small businesses, middle-class families, debt will consume 50 percent of all dis- today is so critical. Because this is the and economic expansion. cretionary spending. In fact, since 1980 only plan that will address the indebt- Our plan eliminates dozens and doz- interest on the debt is the only area of edness of this country, and to put us on ens of Federal departments, agencies, the budget that has grown faster than a more stable path. You might ask, if and programs. It abolishes unnecessary entitlements, at a rate of 120 percent. we do nothing to end the rising tide of bureaucracy, eradicates Government We can no longer afford a debt of $4.9 debts, what happens to the young peo- waste, terminates duplication, and con- trillion, a debt so large that each per- son’s share of the debt would have ple of today and to future generations? solidates and streamlines Federal pro- grown from $18,500 today to $23,700 per It is interesting to note, the National grams to improve efficiency and person, under the President’s proposal, Taxpayers Union has estimated that a prioritizes our very limited Federal re- in 1999, a proposal, as I mentioned, we child born today will have to pay over sources. In short, our budget plan puts soundly rejected this morning by a $100,000 in extra taxes over the course the Federal Government on a much- vote of 99 to zero. So who says biparti- of his or her lifetime in order to pay needed low dollar diet, and applies sanship is nonexistent when it comes just the interest on the debt which will some fiscal therapy to our governing accumulate in the next 18 years. And to recognizing a bad budget? institutions. We can no longer afford to continue for every $200 billion in new deficit What did the administration attempt to allow the income of American fami- spending, a child born today will need to do? I remind you, the President, lies to deteriorate because of the Fed- to pay an additional $5,000 in taxes, back in June 1992, said that he was eral Government’s fiscal ineptitude. just to cover the interest charges. going to have a 5-year plan for the According to the Concord Coalition, Tax burdens are so enormous that American people to balance the budget. without the debt burdens imposed by projections are that a child born today Of course, he never presented that to recurring debts, the average family in- will now have to pay between 90 and 100 the Congress. He has never developed come would be $50,000 rather than percent—90 and 100 percent—of his or such a plan. But in his budget for fiscal $35,000. her income in order to pay for the ex- year 1996 he eliminates just one Fed- The truth is, our plan for a balanced pected spending. That is simply not a eral program, the Interstate Commerce budget by the year 2002 is the right fair burden to place on future genera- Commission. That was the plan for America because, if it passes, tions. It is morally reprehensible and administrations’s commitment to re- it will be the very first balanced budget financially disastrous. ducing the size of Government in Wash- in more than a quarter of a century. On the contrary, our plan will relieve ington. Today, 26 years and a generation later, future generations from having to But I think it is important to look at we have a chance to restore some fiscal carry the yoke of debts and deficits by the benefits of a plan to balance the equilibrium in our country. So now is reaching a balanced budget by the year budget by the year 2002. A balanced clearly the time. Judging the trends, 2002. That is our gift to the next gen- budget plan prepares America for fu- now is the time to act or we will quick- eration of Americans. And they deserve ture economic growth. It is right for ly reach a dangerous and irresponsible no less. America because the balanced Federal point of no return. While much has been said recently budget is good economics, good ac- In the 1960’s, deficits in America about supposed tax reductions in our counting, it is good for job creation, it averaged $6 billion per year. In the plan, I would like to make one thing is good for productivity, it is good for 1970’s, deficits averaged $38 billion per clear once and for all. In our plan, def- savings, it is good for reducing taxes, year. In the 1980’s, they averaged $156 icit reduction and balancing the budget and it is very, very important in re- billion per year. is our only priority. Lest we forget, it storing the faith and trust that is es- So far in the 1990’s they have aver- was this very administration which sential for America to have between aged almost $260 billion per year. took great pride and effort to preempt government and the people. Clearly, signs are pointing to a wors- the new majority in Congress last No- According to the General Accounting ening of economic conditions before we vember after the election by issuing its Office, if we balance the budget by the reach an improvement. That is why own tax cut proposal to the American year 2002, the average American will this is potentially our last rendezvous people of at least $69 billion. have a real growth in income of 36 per- with history. We have tried different As the majority of Americans in cent by the year 2020. Others predict paths before. We have tried numerous every income bracket have expressed that passage of a balanced budget will legislative fixes, jump-starts, we have in opinion poll after opinion poll, we result in a 2.5-percent drop in interest even tried statutory attempts like understand that deficit reduction must rates, while the Wharton School of Gramm-Rudman-Hollings and the Rud- be our first priority, our only priority Business predicts a 4-percent drop. man Act and the Byrd Act, and the

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00052 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7001 Humphrey-Hawkins Act. We tried re- lican budget resolution does not actu- schools, improve highways, pride scissions and freezes and spending caps, ally get us to a true balanced budget health care, or fund law enforcement. and some, like the administration, by 2002 because it still uses the Social In truth, we are paying today for past even resorted to onerous tax hikes to Security surpluses for the next 7 years failures to address the upwardly spi- get the American people to pay for the to mask the size of the remaining def- raling national debt. This year, 15 per- Federal Government’s inaction. But icit as we have been doing for many cent of our annual budget is devoted to the fact is that the problem remains, years in the past. Therefore, we cannot paying interest on the massive debt we and it has only gotten worse. deny that, even if we fulfill the promise began accruing in earnest during the I think, Mr. President, that we can of the current budget resolution in 1980’s. In fact, if it were not for the in- do better, and we must do better. This 2002, we will still be spending $113 bil- terest we are paying on this whole plan sets aside the gimmicks, and bal- lion more than we take in. debt, our budget this year would be ances the budget and the old fashioned Nonetheless, this resolution clearly balanced. way with real budget priorities, spend- moves us in the right direction, and In any event, we can no longer afford ing reduction, and fiscal responsibility. the Republicans are to be commended. to use deficit reduction as a political It will allow us to start anew and to President Clinton started us in the hot potato. Now is the time for real plan for a brighter future for our chil- right direction in 1993 with a bold mix leadership. We should begin providing dren as they pursue their own Amer- of spending cuts and income tax in- that leadership by educating the Amer- ican dream. Our children’s legacy is creases limited to the top 1.2 percent of ican people on a bipartisan basis about too priceless to be squandered. the wage earners that gave us the larg- the sacrifice that reducing the deficit Mr. President, I yield the floor. est deficit reduction package in our requires from us all. We have a higher Mr. ROBB addressed the Chair. Nation’s history. I had hoped for simi- calling than current political passion. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who lar boldness in the administration’s The temptation to tear down the other yields time? budget for this year. The political con- side is difficult to resist. The Senator from Virginia. siderations apparently dictated other- For the sake of the next generation, Mr. ROBB. Mr. President, I do not wise, as they obviously did for the two however, we should not allow ourselves know who is controlling time on this previous administrations. Therefore, to do to Republicans what they did to side. But I yield myself such time as I the Republicans get and deserve credit us when we made the tough decisions may use at this particular point. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- for keeping the momentum going. to reduce the deficit in 1993. When we Now in control of the Congress, the ator has to ask unanimous consent to were in the majority, we made the hard Republicans are struggling to make the use time. choices without a single Republican Mr. ROBB. I ask unanimous consent tough choices. And it seems to me that vote. Republicans then in the minority to use such time as may be required. it is critical that we work together to decided to exploit those tough deci- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without reach the agreed-upon goal by the year sions, and succeeded in the last elec- objection, it is so ordered. 2002. tion largely as a result. The middle The Senator from Virginia is recog- We should applaud Senator DOMENICI class was led to believe their income nized. and Representative KASICH for doing taxes had been raised when, in fact, we Mr. ROBB. Thank you, Mr. President. what they said they would do by devel- increased the income tax rate only on Mr. President, as we continue our de- oping budget resolutions that create an wealthiest 1.2 percent of Americans bate on the budget resolution, let us outline for how our budget can, if we who could best afford it, and actually remember that this is the easy part. A count in the Social Security surplus, reduced taxes for the 16 percent least budget resolution is not a budget any achieve balance by the year 2002. We do affluent working families who needed a more than a balanced budget amend- not have to agree on every suggested break. ment is a balanced budget. It is easy to cut. But I hope we can be constructive Likewise, people were led to believe vote for a constitutional amendment to in our criticism. that we did not cut spending. But the balance the budget, and it is relatively In all fairness, it is difficult to at- fact is that we cut $255 billion in Fed- easy to vote for a nonspecific budget tack Republicans for advancing a eral spending. The tactics deployed to resolution. The hard part is actually faulty plan when we Democrats have attack the 1993 plan, however, are what producing a balanced budget. not yet offered a better one. We should make balancing the budget so difficult Both a balanced budget amendment take advantage of this historic oppor- and which have kept us on the path to and a balanced budget resolution are in tunity to lay out our different prior- incomprehensible indebtedness. effect a commitment to make the real- ities for the Nation within the context If we seek revenge against the Repub- ly tough choices required to get to a of a balanced budget. And I can assure licans and resort to the scare tactics balanced budget. The heavy lifting you that nothing that we are planning, and distortions that so successfully ru- comes later. The pain will not really be Mr. President, to propose in the way of ined our efforts to achieve even greater felt, and the magnitude of the sheer a amendment lessen our chances of deficit reduction in 1993, we will have sacrifice required will not truly be- meeting that goal in the year 2002. abdicated our responsibility to protect come a reality until the authorizing, Our parties have very different vi- future generations. appropriating, and finance committees sions of government. We should debate We need the courage to ignore the finish their work, and specific pro- these differences honestly and con- polls which suggest that, while a ma- grams are cut by specific amounts and structively. I applaud the strength of jority of Americans believe we should specific revenues are raised either by the convictions that drives my Demo- balance the budget, and even greater increasing tax rates or eliminating tax cratic colleagues to fight for programs majority oppose cutting the programs breaks. That formidable task still which help children, the elderly, and that contribute the most to the deficit. looms over the horizon even after this the disadvantaged. Protecting the de- And of course, no one wants a tax in- budget resolution is passed. fenseless and aiding the less fortunate crease. Those of us who voted for the bal- have always been a hallmark of our There are, however, only two ways to anced budget amendment and those great party. In my view, however, fail- balance the budget. We either cut who voted against the balanced budget ing to balance the budget as soon as spending or raise revenues. And, in amendment, because they did not be- possible will ultimately harm precisely truth, we need to do both. We need to lieve we needed to change the Constitu- those we seek to protect. focus our efforts on cutting all the Fed- tion to provide the courage required to We are on an unsustainable path that eral spending that we can eliminate in make the tough decisions, have a spe- places our Nation’s future at risk. good conscience. And we should not cial responsibility to work together to Every dollar we borrow to fund a pro- shy away from terminating depart- produce a balanced budget. The frame- gram today will have to be repaid with ments, agencies or programs that do work of this debate is how to get to a interest by our children tomorrow. And not make sense, even though they have balanced budget by the year 2002. every dollar our children have to spend a strong constituency. But, after we We ought to acknowledge up front, repaying interest on our debt is one cancel all of the useless, inefficient, or however, that even the current Repub- less dollar for them to use to build unnecessary spending we can identify,

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00053 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 if we still cannot balance the budget, year to families who make over $100,000 since the Vietnam War, a squadron of Naval we are going to have to have the polit- annually. In short, Federal revenues Reserve warplanes is being activated and ical courage to raise taxes. Otherwise, should go only to those who need and sent to the Mediterranean to join military operations over Bosnia. we will be conceding that we are un- deserve our help. The deployment is part of the Pentagon’s willing to live within our means. Given this fiscal crisis, I believe it is plan to rely more on the ‘‘select reserves’’ Our job as leaders is to describe the sheer folly to even be considering a tax during the military’s downsizing, officials choices, educate the people, and ex- cut at this time. Indeed, we play a dan- said. plain that we cannot get to balance gerous game when we pander to those I ask unanimous consent that, at the merely by eliminating waste, fraud and who say ‘‘it’s our money, and we want conclusion of my remarks, the entire abuse, cutting welfare, and stopping it back.’’ Tax revenues pay for govern- article, together with another one, ap- foreign aid. There is no line item for mental functions that benefit all of us, pear. the former, and the latter each rep- such as national defense, highways, The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without resent less than one percent of our cur- schools, and law enforcement. We are objection, it is so ordered. rent budget. And we cannot let the bound together as a community of indi- (See exhibit 1.) polls dictate our response. Our best viduals who support a social contract. Mr. WARNER. I thank the Chair. judgment of what is right for America We can support that social contract ei- Now, there is clear documentation of in the long run should be our guide. In ther out of compassion, believing that these 10 consecutive years of the oft-repeated words of Edmund we have a moral obligation to each downsizing of the U.S. military—10 Burke, ‘‘[y]our representative owes other, or we can support the social con- years. And the Senate Armed Services you, not his industry only, but his tract out of fear, knowing that if we Committee, indeed the Republicans judgment; and he betrays instead of fail to help those truly in need, a feel- under the leadership of Chairman serving you if he sacrifices it to your ing of sheer hopelessness will eventu- THURMOND, have been addressing this opinion.’’ ally lead them to believe that they issue. And under the leadership of the If, to gain political advantage, we have no choice but to take by force chairman and Senator MCCAIN, there pummel those who make the tough de- what they believe they need to survive. will be forthcoming proposals to ad- cisions to reduce the deficit, we will I support the bold efforts of those dress what I regard as a very serious poison the atmosphere and sow the who seek to balance the budget by 2002. problem, namely that the House Budg- seeds of our own destruction. Bal- The longer we wait, the more difficult et Committee proposal for defense ancing the budget will become impos- the task becomes. If the events of the spending, which is $267.3 billion and sible. As a result, we will have suc- last week are an indication, however, adopted by the House just yesterday, ceeded in being the first generation to we are at risk once again of making falls in the area which I hope, and oth- leave the country in worse condition deficit reduction a pitched political ers hope, to achieve for the Senate. than we inherited. By arguing that battle. If we do so, the primary casual- The Senate bill is the same as the painful cuts or tax increases are not ties will be the children of the next President’s submission and consider- necessary, we send a dangerous mes- generation, defenselessly caught in the ably less than the House bill. And sage to the people we serve. We simply crossfire. Madam President, I thank therein lies the difference that I, to- cannot continue to tell the American the Chair and I yield the floor. gether with others, will ask the Senate people that it is possible to have it all Mr. WARNER addressed the Chair. to address next week. It is a very seri- without paying for it. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Ms. ous problem. The fear of partisan attack, however, SNOWE). The Senator from Virginia. Also appearing in the news today is a has already made this process more dif- Mr. WARNER. Madam President, I second article, from the Washington ficult. Knowing the power of various join my distinguished colleague from Post, that concerns me greatly, Madam interest groups, both sides are afraid to Virginia in our endeavor to support a President. And that is entitled, ‘‘Clin- recommend cutting sacred programs or balanced budget. ton Administration Trades Military raising needed revenues. Social Secu- I am not sure I fully understood his Modernization for Readiness.’’ rity accounts for 22 percent of our an- final comments about the children in I ask my colleagues to indulge me in nual current budget, Medicare for 12 the crossfire, but it is clear to me that reading a paragraph or two: percent. If we do nothing, entitlements children will shoulder this debt, which ‘‘In avoiding a short-term problem and interest on the national debt will is growing constantly, unless we join with military readiness, the Clinton consume every dollar the Federal Gov- together, as my colleague said, Repub- administration has created a long-term ernment receives by 2013. No program licans and Democrats, in resolving this headache over modernization of weap- can be placed off-limits if we seek to budget problem. ons and equipment. balance the budget in the most even- Madam President, I will have further ‘‘It has cut procurement of weapons handed manner possible. If sacrifice is detailed remarks on this issue early systems to the lowest level’’—I repeat, spread broadly and fairly, we can suc- next week; but I wanted at this time to the low lowest level—‘‘in nearly a half- ceed. Otherwise, we will fail. close out the debate today with an ap- century in order to sustain training, Our guiding principle should be to peal for all Senators to examine the maintenance and other readiness provide Federal benefits only to those impact of the Senate budget proposal spending at robust levels.’’ who truly need the Federal Govern- on our national defense. Madam President, I am not faulting ment. We can no longer afford to do Both my junior colleague and I are the Secretary of Defense. He is given otherwise. Calls for limiting Federal privileged to serve on the Senate only so much money to deal with. He benefits to those in need, however, Armed Services Committee, and he does the very best he can—indeed, Sec- should not be misconstrued as a battle knows full well that defense has been retary Perry is one of the finest to cry for class warfare. declining, Madam President, for every have ever held that office—the very Democrats should be willing to admit fiscal year for a decade; for a full dec- best he can to project the Depart- that there is nothing wrong with ade. ment’s expenditures over each of the wealth or economic success. Indeed, This morning, I say to my colleagues, fiscal years. He comes from the re- that is the rung on the economic ladder this article appeared in the newspapers search and development area of the pri- that most Americans are trying to in Virginia’s Tidewater area, where we vate sector. He knows full well the dan- reach. Republicans, on the other hand, are privileged to have the world’s larg- ger of this course of action. should acknowledge that a progressive est naval base, in Norfolk. It states: I have discussed this very problem income tax, which is based on the fair ‘‘Naval Reserve Jets Activated for with him, as have other Members of notion that people should pay taxes ac- Duty in Bosnia Combat.’’ If I may ask this Chamber, and we realize he really cording to their ability, and denying my colleagues to bear with me while I has no alternative. unneeded benefits to the well-off, is not read one or two paragraphs. All of this to say, Madam President, class warfare. It is merely a recogni- ‘‘Special reserves’’ are being used during that early next week I hope the man- tion that we do not have the money to downsizing. For the first time— agers of this bill provide the Armed pay $30 billion in entitlements each I repeat, for the first time. Services Committee an opportunity to

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00054 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7003 address this issue in greater detail and Each jet has a pilot, navigator, electronic political controversy shifted to the depressed to focus the attention of the entire warfare operator and missile operator. state of military modernization. Senate on the very significant dif- A unit of Air Force EF–111 Ravens cur- A panel of retired four-star officers con- ference between the House approach rently performing similar duties out of cluded in a recent report to Congress that Aviano Air Base in Northern Italy is ready the administration was ‘‘failing utterly’’ to and the current Senate proposal now to rotate back to the United States. invest adequately in the nation’s military before us. It is my hope that the Sen- The Navy Prowlers will take their place, future. ‘‘Our legacy to the next generation is ate will make some adjustments. But I operating primarily from the carrier but out likely to be 45-year-old training aircraft, 35- leave the details as to how it is to be of Aviano during periods of poor weather. year-old bombers and airlifters, 25-year-old done until the opening remarks by our fighters, 35-year-old trucks and 40-year-old chairman of the committee, together CLINTON ADMINISTRATION TRADES MILITARY medium lift helicopters,’’ said the report by with Senator MCCAIN, and I hope to MODERNIZATION FOR READINESS Air Force Gen. Charles A. Gabriel, Marine join them in this effort. (By Bradley Graham) Corps Gen. Alfred M. Gray, Adm. Carlisle A.H. Trost and Army Gen. Robert W. I thank the Chair and I yield the In avoiding a short-term problem with RisCassi. military readiness, the Clinton administra- floor. The administration has requested $39.4 bil- tion has created a long-term headache over EXHIBIT 1 lion in budget authority for procurement in modernization of weapons and equipment. NAVAL RESERVE JETS ACTIVATED FOR DUTY IN fiscal 1996, which adjusted for inflation It has cut procurement of weapons systems BOSNIA COMBAT would be a decline of 71 percent from a peak to the lowest in nearly a half-century in in 1985 and the lowest level since 1950. (By Jack Dorsey) order to sustain training, maintenance and For the first time since the Vietnam War, For the Army, this means no major equip- other readiness spending at robust levels. ment orders beyond several dozen Black a squadron of Naval Reserve warplanes is So far, this trade-off has paid off politi- being activated and sent to the Mediterra- Hawk helicopters, only upgrades of Apache cally and operationally. Pentagon officials helicopters, Bradley vehicles and Abrams nean to join military operations over Bosnia. largely have silenced earlier congressional The deployment is part of the Pentagon’s tanks. For the Air Force, which is pouring allegations of a readiness crisis, citing the billions of dollars into development of the plan to rely more on the ‘‘select reserves’’ able performance of U.S. forces in Haiti and during the military’s downsizing, officials new F–22 fighter to supplant the F–15, there the Persian Gulf region. The military chiefs is little money left to replace aging squad- said. have supported assertions by the Defense De- Two EA-6B Prowler jets and about 30 per- rons of F–16s. And for the Navy, orders for partment’s civilian leaders that no imme- sonnel from Tactical Electronic Warfare new ships are to dwindle to three next year; diate readiness problem exists. Squadron 209, based at Andrews Air Force naval planners also are concerned about pos- But Defense Secretary William J. Perry ac- Base near Washington, left Thursday for the sibly running out of planes in the next few knowledges his spending plan is open to at- Norfolk-based carrier Theodore Roosevelt. years to put aboard aircraft carriers as A–6 tack for shortchanging modernization in the The Roosevelt, currently in the Red Sea, is aircraft are retired early. heading toward the Adriatic Sea off the near term. The administration’s five-year budget plan coast of the former Yugoslavia to assist ‘‘If you’re looking at an area where this envisions a 47 percent increase in moderniza- NATO and United Nations personnel taking budget can be criticized,’’ Perry told mem- tion spending between 1996 and 2001, but part in Operation Deny Flight. bers of the House Budget Committee re- much of that is not projected to materialize In this instance, the jets will augment an cently, ‘‘I think that this is the area where until the turn of the century—and depends active-duty squadron of four or five Prowlers it is most vulnerable.’’ on the uncertain realization of substantial assigned to the carrier. The reserves will ro- Indeed, Perry is coming under fire from savings from military base closings and ac- tate pilots and crews from the U.S. every 30 some in Congress for the gross imbalance be- quisition reforms being instituted. to 60 days for six months. tween readiness and modernization. ‘‘This In the meantime, the administration is The deployment of reserves also is a result shortsighted strategy puts at risk our future gambling that high-tech upgrades can extend of the military’s ‘‘right-sizing,’’ said Capt. military capability,’’ Rep. Floyd Spence (R- the useful lives of existing military hard- John Kistler, deputy chief of staff for the S.C.), chairman of the House National Secu- ware. And it is betting that the nation’s Naval Reserve Command, headquartered in rity Committee, told the service secretaries military-industrial base still will be there New Orleans. at a recent hearing. when needed again. While some reserve units were called up For all their concern, however, congres- Further, the wholesale deferment of many during the Desert Shield and Desert Storm sional Republicans have not put forward a modernization projects risks creating a ‘‘bow operations, no reserve tactical jets were formula for maintaining both readiness and wave’’ of future procurement that some de- needed aboard carriers, Kistler said. The modernization giving existing budget con- fense experts warn may prove too large and military refers to its ‘‘tactical’’ aircraft as straints and troop levels. costly to manage. Rather than cancel acqui- those capable of waging combat, such as GOP leaders had hoped to bolster the pro- sition programs, the Pentagon for the most fighters and bombers. curement accounts by boosting overall de- part has opted for stretch-outs and deferrals ‘‘Until right-sizing started, we had an air fense spending, but that objective has be- of such items as the Army’s Comanche heli- wing for every carrier,’’ Kistler said. ‘‘There come subordinate to the imperative of reduc- copter, the Air Force’s F–22 fighter, the was always plenty to go around. ing the deficit. Rather than attempt any ‘‘Now, when they need to make up a dif- Navy’s DDG–51 destroyer and New Attack major re-balancing of President Clinton’s Submarine and the Marine Corps’ V–22 air- ferent configuration for a better scenario program, Congress appears inclined to add like they did for this one, we believe they craft and new amphibious vehicle. Other pro- little if anything to the administration’s grams are slated for cuts in planned produc- will be increasing their reliance on reserves plan. to finish out a carrier (air wing) to whatever tion rates. Perry has been committed since taking ‘‘Generally, the most efficient way to size they want it to be.’’ charge of the Pentagon early last year to The next deployment may require more achieve savings in the procurement budget is keeping readiness high during the draw-down helicopters, for example, he said. A Naval to cancel outright a relatively small number of U.S. forces. He wants to avoid the deterio- Reserve squadron of H–60 helicopters out of of programs, rather than to stretch out or ration in performance and morale that Norfolk was ordered to Haiti last fall for six defer production of a large number of pro- marked defense cutbacks under President weeks. grams,’’ noted a report by the Defense Budg- All of the reservists volunteered for the Jimmy Carter. He also makes the point that et Project, an independent think tank. ‘‘Un- Haiti assignment, Kistler said. the numerous demands being placed on the fortunately, the administration appears to ‘‘It is very exciting for them. They have al- military to respond to hot spots around the be taking the latter approach.’’ ways known they could do the job well and world require a high state of preparedness. Mr. FRIST addressed the Chair. this is another chance to prove it. We didn’t When anecdotal reports of eroding readi- ness started emerging last autumn, followed The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- have to ask anyone to go. It was all volun- ator from Tennessee. teer.’’ by official confirmation in November that The Navy Prowlers are four-seat, twin-en- the readiness ratings of three Army divisions Mr. FRIST. Madam President, I rise gine jets equipped with anti-radar missiles had fallen, congressional Republicans ac- to discuss the issue of Medicare and that home in our enemy ground radar. The cused the administration of military mis- Medicare reform. jets also carry pods that contain high-pow- management. The two Medicare public trustees, in ered electronic jamming equipment that can The administration blamed the problem in- the 1995 annual report, have stated: be used against enemy air defenses. stead on lack of funding for unplanned oper- ‘‘We feel strongly that comprehensive While the fighting forces in Bosnia have ations in Somalia, Rwanda, Bosnia, Haiti Medicare reforms should be undertaken and elsewhere; to compensate, the services relatively few aircraft: possibly two or more to make this program financially Soviet-built MiGs—land-based mobile mis- siphoned money from readiness accounts. sile launchers on the backs of trucks. With a fresh infusion of operational funds sound now and over the long term.’’ The Prowlers can jam electronic signals, from two supplemental appropriations in the As a newcomer to this body, I see including communications and missile com- past eight months, the Pentagon was able to these words as a physician who has mands. raise its flagging readiness indicators—and taken care of thousands of Medicare

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00055 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7004 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 patients. I want to speak for those pa- heart attack. The diagnosis has been When we talk about reforming Medi- tients and say that we have an obliga- made for us. It is crystal clear. They care or improving Medicare, we must tion to respond. tell us if we do nothing, Medicare sim- stress the importance of having choice I have seen the great advantages of ply will not be with us in 7 years. We in our Medicare system, choice which the Medicare system which has served need to change Medicare to preserve simply does not exist today, choice millions, almost 38 million people cur- Medicare, to prevent bankruptcy. In similar to the choice that I had in com- rently, who are senior citizens and in- the long run, we will have to look at ing to this body 5 months ago. I had a dividuals with disabilities. I have seen structural reforms to improve Medi- choice of a variety of health plans. Our the very great aspects of the program care well into the 21st century. We are seniors do not have that choice. I had a and I have seen the deficiencies. I have going to have to look at how to im- choice in the Federal Employees seen the need for improving the Medi- prove Medicare so that it can live a Health Benefits Plan. Seniors do not care system. And I can tell you that long and prosperous life. have that type of choice, but we can The program changes made in the such improvements are required to give them a structure of similar short term to slow the rate of growth guarantee the future of the program. choices to improve the system. These very same trustees have stated are very similar to the heart patient’s that Medicare part A, the hospital part exercise regime. No one wants to do it, Bob had a choice before I did his of Medicare, will be bankrupt in 7 years but it has to be done. Some short-term heart transplant. He will not have a unless we act. pain, yes, but for significant long-term choice next month. Some of our col- Our elderly population will continue gain. It is hard enough to lose 40 leagues have told us that people like to grow faster than other segments of pounds, let alone to put it off until all Bob, senior citizens, individuals with the population and they will continue of a sudden you are up to 80 pounds. At disabilities, do not deserve a choice to live longer. Medical innovations will 80 pounds, it becomes next to impos- once they go into the Government-run continue—innovations that literally sible. Medicare system, or others say they do transform health care as we know it As we see in this proposed budget, not know if these plans will be good for today. We need to deliver high-quality when we save Medicare from a short- seniors, and others simply say that health care at a lower aggregate cost. term heart attack, the deficit will seniors are not capable of making the But that does not mean that maintain- come down as a necessary byproduct. choice of what is best for them. I dis- ing the current rate of spending growth We must change Medicare to save it. agree. or even adding more money to the And when the deficit comes down, we should look on all this as a good thing Bob, because he is a heart transplant Medicare system will get to the driving recipient, is discovering very quickly source of the problems, the challenges because it will produce significant ben- efits for our entire economy in the that Medicare is going to be so inflexi- we face today in Medicare. same way that our Medicare patient ble that it will not meet his needs. Bob My hope, in part, in coming to the has enormous prescription drug costs Senate was to be able to share my ex- losing weight will benefit his health. But the primary reason we are chang- because he is required to take medi- pertise and perspective, my experience cines, drugs, immuno-suppressive as a physician, with my colleagues. As ing Medicare is to preserve and protect Medicare, just as the patient is losing agents on schedule everyday for the the only physician in the Senate today, weight to prevent that heart attack. rest of his life. If he misses it, the I want to share some of the realities of Earlier today my distinguished col- heart that I put in will stop, and he the Medicare system that we have league from West Virginia said he has will die. His heart will be rejected. It today—realities that go far beyond the not heard a single complaint or a sin- will result in longer hospitalizations, talk of billions of dollars or percentage gle problem about Medicare lacking increased costs to the taxpayers. of rates of growth, realities that will choices. I have lived within Medicare. I His prescription costs are high, al- help put it in perspective. have heard the complaints, as well as Let us think for a moment of Medi- most $2,000 per month during this first experienced the benefits. There is year. Luckily his insurance has been care as a patient. Let us say Medicare much we can do—much we can do—to is a man in his early sixties. He visits covering these costs, but next month, improve Medicare, to save it. when Bob joins Medicare, he will not his doctor because of chest pain. The My last heart transplant that I per- have access to a plan that will give him patient is 40 pounds overweight, formed was on December 13, 1993, a affordable coverage for these drugs. His smokes too much, drinks too much, wonderful fellow, Bob Meadows. Bob is drug costs will continue, continue very does not exercise. The doctor explains doing well now. He has a new heart. He in very clear terms that the patient is is feeling great. He is on top of the high, more than $10,000 each year. at high risk of a heart attack. world. However, he wrote me a letter Bob has been doing all the right The doctor tells him very clearly recently talking about a problem that things. He has been shopping around that he must change his diet, cut back very specifically aims at Medicare. for supplemental coverage. Almost 90 on alcohol, cut back on smoking, exer- He and I have been through a lot to- percent of patients getting Medicare cise more. All of these things will re- gether. His problem is that he is going today have some type of supplemental duce the risk of a heart attack in the to be 65 years old on June 23, a month coverage, but the supplemental short run. Moreover, he will lose from now. At that point, he will be eli- medigap models, they are called, only weight and improve his long-term gible for Medicare. So what is the prob- provide for limited prescription drug health and life expectancy. This will lem? Bob will give up his current insur- coverage. Bob, even with medigap cov- give his family greater security, as ance that he has, which is pretty good, erage, will have to pay more than $7,000 well. and move into the Government-run a year for his immuno-suppressive ‘‘But, Doctor,’’ the patient asks, ‘‘I Medicare Program. He has no choice medicines. In Medicare today, unlike don’t care about my weight. Just tell today. Should Bob not have a choice? most private plans, there is no limit to me what I can do to fix my chest pain.’’ He had a choice when he was 64 and 63 out-of-pocket expenditures. Yes, there The doctor again explains to him that years of age. He has no choice when he are things we can do to improve Medi- when he changes his behavior to save is 65 years of age. Should he be forced care today, to give choice to our senior his heart, he will also lose weight, feel to leave his current plan just because citizens. better, achieve a better quality of life, of a birthday, because he is entering and live longer. Weight reduction will the Medicare program? Bob will be joining Medicare. If he result from the actions he will take to To improve Medicare we should allow fails to do so promptly, he is going to protect his heart. It is not the reason choice, we should give him that oppor- be penalized if he tries to join at a he is engaging in this program of exer- tunity to stay with his previous plan. later date. Bob will have to find supple- cise and diet to lose weight, but by los- We should have him direct Medicare, to mental coverage and will ultimately ing weight that is what will happen. direct his Medicare dollars and to use look into having to be declared what is I hope the analogy is clear. The pub- as he best determines for himself, called medically needy by the State of lic trustees have told us that the pa- given his own medical needs, rather Tennessee so that he can then access tient—Medicare—is at high risk of a than have Medicare direct him. Medicaid funding to help pay these

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00056 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7005 bills. Again, there is room to reform we are simply going to be dipping into in the United States of America, as and improve the Medicare system. the reserve of $170 billion that is speci- clearly the plan offered and passed yes- Bob and his wife planned for retire- fied eventually likely to be available terday in the House of Representatives ment, but his health status, which he for a tax cut, to alleviate the extraor- does. We are against that. We happen did not ask for, straddles him with dinary hits—not eliminate them—but to believe that, in the case of the enormous medical costs. Now Medicare to relieve the extraordinary hits on amendment presently before the Sen- is going to straddle him with extraor- some programs that we just do not ate, to dip to the tune of $100 billion dinary reliance on a program that is think are capable of accepting those into the $170 billion kitty that is in the not flexible. We, together, would serve kinds of hits. Republican Senate budget, to alleviate Bob better, far better, if we improved, So let us make it clear once again, by that amount of money, $100 billion, reformed Medicare to give him the op- despite the theatrics that I have heard the unfair and tremendous hit in the portunity to choose from among a vari- from those on the other side of the area of $250 billion that is scheduled ety of health plans that would better aisle today, that this is a terrible over the next several years by the Re- serve his individual needs. spending program that the Democrats publican budget. The Republican balanced budget plan are about, that the Republicans are It does not mean that it is not going will allow Medicare’s rate of spending trying to save money, they are trying to be cut. It simply says it would be to increase by more than twice the rate to balance the budget and they are the fair and probably acceptable to most of of inflation. At the same time, we must only good guys because those bad us on this side of the aisle if we just did update Medicare, bring it into 1995 and Democrats on the other side of the not hit those senior citizens on Medi- to the 21st century to allow people like aisle, you see, want to take this money care right between the eyes, as clearly Bob continuity of health care by per- and throw it away, I guess. the Republican budget does, notwith- mitting them to keep the same plan In this particular case, and on other standing the protests of those on that that they had when they were 64 years amendments we will be offering, we are side of the aisle. They are wrong. I of age. Our senior citizens deserve it. not throwing money away. We are not think they are wrong on the numbers, Our senior citizens must be given the going out and saying, ‘‘Here, wind, I think they are very sincere. But I security that Medicare will be here 7 take these hard earned tax dollars and hope that possibly we can pick up years from now, security that they do let it blow into the Potomac.’’ enough Republican votes on this very not have unless we act. No, what we are saying, Madam reasonable amendment to allow it to Bob’s new heart that I put in last President, is that we just have dif- pass. year will be going strong in 7 years, ferent priorities than our Republican Madam President, cuts in Medicare but will Medicare? Not unless we act. brethren. We are simply saying that we and Medicaid could lay siege to small We must pass the balanced budget do not agree with the priorities that rural hospitals, which often serve a plan. We must establish the bipartisan have been set on that side of the aisle. much greater share of the elderly and commission which is part of that plan We are not trying to eliminate the low-income patients. Nearly 10 million to make recommendations on true 2002 date for balancing the budget. We Medicare beneficiaries—10 million, Medicare improvements, Medicare re- are not trying to raise the deficit. We which is one-fourth of all bene- form, and we must ensure that Bob and are certainly not trying to raise the ficiaries—live in rural America, where other senior citizens truly will have a national debt. What we are talking there is often one hospital per county. Medicare system that will be preserved about is whether or not we can move Many times, that one hospital serves and of which they can be proud over without violating the basic principles many counties, more than just one. Ne- the next decade. that have been laid down to reach a I yield the floor. braska is a perfect example of rural balanced budget that this Senator as- Mr. EXON addressed the Chair. America’s health care crisis that is The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- cribes to, as evidenced by the fact that going to be driven into a more serious ator from Nebraska. I voted in favor of the constitutional crisis if eventually we accept anything Mr. EXON. I thank the Chair. amendment to balance the budget. We close to the cuts suggested in the Re- Madam President, as far as this Sen- are for these things. publican budget for Medicare. ator knows, we have no further speak- I emphasize once again, Madam Let me lay out a few of the statistics. ers for today. I have some remarks President, that what we on this side of Nearly one-third of Nebraska, or 1.6 that I would like to make on the mat- the aisle are attempting to do is to say, million citizens, live in rural areas. ter at hand and then advise the Senate let us get our heads screwed on right More than 38 of our ninety-three coun- briefly what amendments we intend to with regard to priorities. And with re- ties have elderly populations in excess take up and what those amendments gard to the devastating Medicare cuts, of 20 percent. Nineteen of Nebraska’s 93 are about that we have scheduled on I would simply say—and I will be ad- counties have no hospitals. Here is the our side, recognizing that we will be dressing this in a few moments—as to kicker: Medicare patients account for going back and forth on the amend- how unfair these would be—not only 68 to 70 percent of hospital administra- ments. unfair but devastating to the rural tion admissions. Cuts in Medicare will But first, Madam President, we will health care delivery system in my cause many of our remaining rural hos- be talking more about this on Monday. State of Nebraska. What I say about pitals simply to close. The downturn What we are going to be talking more Nebraska and the facts that I will use spiral has already begun. Ten percent about Monday is to try and explain to to back that up can be said for many of all rural hospitals closed during the America the deep cuts that are being other States in the Union that have a 1980’s. Medicare cuts will only accel- provided for in the Republican budget substantial portion of rural population. erate that decline. Unlike urban and with regard to Medicare. Madam President, the Medicare cuts suburban hospitals, shifting costs to I hear a lot of comment about the in the Republican budget are grossly the private sector is not an option. It is concern for America. I have heard a lot unfair to the average senior citizen. not an option when the majority of of talk about the Democrats that want But rural America will, once again, rural patients are on Medicare and to spend. I simply say to the Senate bear the brunt of the storm of deficit many others are uninsured. again that the Democrats, once again, reduction. What we are saying is we Madam President, I ask at this time, have not offered an amendment in want to alleviate some of that by dip- because it is particularly pertinent to committee, we have not offered an ping into the money set aside for a tax the remarks that I am making, that at amendment on the floor of the U.S. cut in the Republican budget. And I re- the conclusion of my remarks a letter Senate that raises the deficit, the vio- mind all, once again, that not only is a that I introduced in the RECORD last lates the 2002 date suggested in the Re- $170 billion set aside, the $170 billion is night from the head of the hospital as- publican budget which this Senator specifically set aside for one thing and sociation substantiating my figures be and several Democrats happen to agree one thing only—a tax cut. Now, we are printed again in the RECORD. with. for cutting taxes, too, if we can provide The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Once again, on this amendment, and that tax cut in a form that does not objection, it is so ordered. others that we are going to be offering, primarily benefit the wealthiest people (See exhibit 1.)

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00057 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 Mr. EXON. Big cuts in Medicare will the Democratic side of the aisle want The first amendment that we offered cause many of these remaining hos- to change all that, not give a tax cut, that is pending now is referred to as pitals no other option but to close. In and they want to increase spending. the Rockefeller-Lautenberg amend- 1993, Nebraska hospitals lost $383 per Obviously, from all of the extensive ment on Medicare. That amendment case caring for Medicare patients. Let polling that they have done with seeks to trim back—not eliminate, but me repeat that. In 1993, Nebraska hos- GOPAC and all of those other good or- trim back—the tax cut in the Repub- pitals lost $383 per case caring for ganizations, they have found good lican resolution and devote more of Medicare patients. Based on the Repub- buzzwords. They know that ‘‘spending’’ those savings to alleviating the hits in lican budget, they would lose an aver- is a good buzzword that catches a lot of the Medicare Program that we think age of $1,370 per case in the year 2000. attention. So when we say the Demo- are unreasonable. That is a pretty devastating figure. crats are trying to spend more, it rings The amendment following that, when And that would be only if the hospitals a bell that they hope will fool the peo- we on this side have an opportunity to are still open. How can our hospitals ple of America into believing that we offer our next amendment, will be an respond to cuts of this magnitude? Sev- are—we as Democrats—offering this amendment to offer to trim back the eral hospitals in my State are tee- amendment that I emphasize, once tax cuts just some, a little bit further, tering on the brink of insolvency, and again, does not change the balanced and debate those savings, to reduce the these cuts may put them over the edge. budget by 2002, and does not increase cut and the hit on education. They are forced to slash wages, lay off the deficit. It keeps it the same as out- Now, Madam President, we will be employees, cut back on services, or lined in the Republican budgets. It does making the very similar case and fol- simply close their doors. Once they not raise the national debt. lowing generally the same roads of rea- close, Madam President, physicians The only way that we can interpret soning as to why we think the Repub- leave our small rural communities and this as spending would be to say, since lican budget that came unanimously they never, ever will come back. The we want to keep hospitals open in rural out of the Republican-controlled Budg- hospitals are gone forever, and so are Nebraska and elsewhere, by not elimi- et Committee does the same thing to the doctors. nating the cut, but softening the cut education as their figures on Medicare Hospitals should not close simply be- that has been suggested in the Repub- do to Medicare recipients and hospitals cause they serve a large population of lican budget, somehow we are big that primarily serve Medicare patients. Medicare patients. And that is what spenders. There will be a very similar amend- the Republican budget does. The No. 1 Well, if that is the definition of being ment. I suspect that the debate will be health priority for rural areas is in- a big, wild-eyed spender, this conserv- very similar, perhaps, to what we are creasing the supply of primary care ative deficit hawk, as Governor of Ne- having today. That is the amendment physicians for our 22 million rural braska for 8 years and having the privi- that will follow. Americans. The Republican budget lege of representing them, this is my Following that, the next amendment takes us in the direct opposite direc- 17th year, with a record of trying to re- that we contemplate would trim back tion. More than 75 percent of Nebras- duce spending, with that background, I those Republican tax cuts just a little ka’s counties have been designated say if I am going to be labeled as a big further, and devote those savings once medically underserved. Up to 25 per- spender because I am trying to help out again to eliminating the tax increase cent of the rural doctors will retire or the most fragile parts and sections and in the Republican budget on working relocate within the next 5 years. More individuals in our country, those senior families making less than $28,000 a than 2,000 practitioners are needed to citizens living in rural America, alle- year. Generally, that is referred to as even begin to meet the rural needs of viating just a little bit the tremendous the earned income tax credit. It has America. hit that they are going to be taking as come up on several occasions during Madam President, in recent years, a a result of the budget submitted by the the debate in the last several hours. variety of Federal grants have been Republican majority, then I stand con- Taken together, those amendments awarded to States with large rural- victed. I stand convicted, Madam that I have just offered constitute a urban populations to help them develop President, of being a big, wild-eyed different vision for America. A dif- new and innovative ways of delivering spender. I simply say that the record ferent vision—again, not violating the health care to our rural areas and we speaks for itself. basic principles of the budget brought have appreciated that. Rural States Madam President, I would like for by the Republican majority. like Nebraska have formed consor- the purpose of clarification to know This Senator has commented pre- tiums among their schools, churches where we think we should be going on viously—not only commented, but and clinics, in order to pool resources this side. For the information of my complimented especially Senator and reach out to vulnerable residents. friend and colleague, the Senator from DOMENICI, who I know has worked very They have formed regional emergency New Mexico, as we bring this week’s hard and very long on this proposition. care networks and organized training debate on the budget resolution to a I simply say to my good friend, ‘‘You programs for their emergency volun- close, I just want to lay out the con- have done an overall very good job.’’ teers. They have used physician assist- tent of the amendments on this side of Just please reason with this side and ants and nurse practitioners, and they the aisle that we will be pursuing after allow changes within the budget that have been a Godsend. Telemedicine we vote Monday afternoon on the has been submitted. grants that help connect rural and measure before the Senate. If we can come to that, we are going urban hospitals through the informa- At that time, I assume that we, to have a much stronger bipartisan tion highway show real promise in im- therefore, will go to the other side of budget as it leaves the U.S. Senate proving quality and access to care for the aisle for the next amendment. As I than we would have had otherwise. our rural elderly who cannot travel the stated earlier yesterday and then again Our vision puts a higher priority on long distance to urban hospitals. today, we on this side plan a series of seniors—not eliminating any cuts but Rural America got the short end of deficit-neutral amendments that seek reducing the cuts. It does the same for the stick in the Republican budget. changes in priorities in the Republican working families. It does the same for These and other programs critical to budget. Each and every one of the education. the health care of our rural commu- amendments that we will be offering Together, these amendments define nities were left to wither on the stalks. fall exactly within the guidelines that the difference, I suggest, the difference I have heard time and time again I have just enunciated with regard to in the two parties with regard to prior- today the phrase that has been used the amendment before the Senate. ities. As Harry Truman once said, over and over again that the Repub- All of these amendments, and any ‘‘With us as Democrats, the people licans have worked so very, very hard that I know of, maintain the Senate come first.’’ I wish we could do more, to fashion a budget that is going to path as outlined in a Republican budg- but we cannot. I believe the people of save America, that is going to balance et to a balanced budget, that is basi- America are willing to join to make the budget by the year 2002, that will cally the underlying principle of the some very hard choices and to take make these hard choices; that those on budget resolution. some very painful cuts.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00058 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7007 Once again, I emphasize in closing, would lose $983 per case caring for Medicare cial Security is off this budget. It is Madam President, that all we are try- patients. This is all compounded by the fact going to continue and get its cost of ing to do is to do some surgery on the that Nebraska is a state with a higher pro- living. Republican budget. Not violating, obvi- portion of elderly citizens in its population. Let me assume that since Medicare, How can hospitals respond to the cuts of ously, the basic principle; not violating this magnitude? Hospitals are caught in a which is growing at 10 percent—there balancing the budget by the year 2002; catch-22. They can: (1) shift more costs to are many who say it should keep on not violating the overall goals with re- the private sector—this is no longer a viable growing at 10 percent, and I am sure in gard to spending, the totals; not in- option in today’s managed care environment; spite of the amendment that says we creasing the national debt. What we (2) slash wages and lay-off employees; (3) cut will take a little less than that, which are trying to do in all good faith is to back on the scope of services provided—all of is the Democrat amendment, there is be joint partners, as the minority which threatens the quality of care, will an overwhelming number of Democrats party, in making some changes that close rural hospitals and restrict access. It is who would say leave it like it is. It is a lose-lose situation for community hos- will allow many of us, with a lot of pitals. Reimbursement reductions of this very important. You cannot touch it. It thought and consideration, to simply magnitude in a state with a disproportionate has to grow at 10 percent. say to Senator DOMENICI and our share of the elderly population, a state in Let it grow at 10 percent. friends on that side of the aisle: We which Medicare patients account for 60 to 70 And then there are those who say, will join with you in making these very percent of hospital admissions, clearly welfare? You can reform welfare but painful choices, because we realize, we threatens the health care system upon which you are not going to save any money. recognize, and we think it is a must to all of us depend. OK, so we take that off. If we are not make some dramatic changes in what Medicare needs to be fixed. There is an op- going to save any money, there is no portunity for Congress to change Medicare, use talking about it in the budget, has taken place with wild-eyed spend- but the change must be driven by sound ing and very high deficits over the last health care policy, not budgetary or political right? few years, starting back basically with imperatives. The Senate Budget Commit- Then there is education. Even though the election of President Ronald tee’s proposed Medicare reductions would we say wait until we debate it, Pell Reagan as President of the United crush Nebraska hospitals. grants have been on this floor with States. As always, Nebraska’s hospitals look to three different speakers saying we So I simply say that we recognize the your leadership. abolish them. Madam President our as- fault for this is not all on the Repub- Sincerely, sumption is that Pell grants go up $6.6 licans, and it is certainly not all on the HARLAN M. HEALD, billion during the 7 years. How much is President. Democrats. We are in this boat to- enough when you are bankrupt? How gether. I hope we can work in consort, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- much is enough when you are $300 bil- in a bipartisan fashion, to begin to ator from New Mexico. lion in debt here, in just a few years? work our way out of it. Mr. DOMENICI. Madam President, is That is the issue. What can you afford? We do not believe any of the amend- the Chair personally on some serious Not what you like. Not what would be ments we have offered thus far, or the time impediment at this point? wonderful. Not what would be sensa- amendments we will be offering before The PRESIDING OFFICER. No, the tional for our people. Not what you can we go to the final debate and vote on Senator may proceed. go home and brag to people we pro- the resolution itself, are anything Mr. DOMENICI. I will not take very tected you. other than reasonable priorities that much time. I have five or six unani- Who protects the millions and mil- we would like to reset and make some mous-consent requests. I assume my lions of Americans and the young peo- changes in, as advanced by the Repub- colleague has cleared those? ple from this debt that keeps going up? licans when they brought this budget Mr. EXON. I believe these requests So we take out welfare. We cannot save to the floor of the U.S. Senate. have all been cleared. any money. That is kind of the theory I thank the Chair and I yield the I would like to ask, as long as we are from the other side. floor. in this, we are scheduled to come in at Earned income tax credit? We are de- EXHIBIT 1 8:30, is it, Monday? stroying, we are cutting —raising peo- NEBRASKA ASSOCIATION OF Mr. DOMENICI. Right. ple’s taxes. Earned income tax credit, HOSPITALS AND HEALTH SYSTEMS, Mr. EXON. If I understand it right, the fastest-growing program in the Tax May 10, 1995. when we close the business today there Code, it is going to go up 40 percent in Hon. J. JAMES EXON, has been a joint agreement that we this budget. How much can we afford? U.S. Senate, Washington, DC. would either have used or have agreed Is 40 not enough? How much should it DEAR SENATOR EXON: On behalf of the 94 to use 10 hours, is that right, today? acute care hospitals in Nebraska, I wish to go up, 70? Why is that the case, when call your attention to a serious potential Mr. DOMENICI. Yes. Ten yesterday the country is borrowing the money to problem. and ten today—twenty. pay it back to people? Where do we Clearly, the United States must work its Mr. EXON. So when we start debate stop? What is affordable? way out of debt. To do that, Federal spend- Monday morning we will have 30 hours And then, no offense but there are ing must be cut. It is my understanding that left on the budget resolution, is that some who say we should not cut agri- the Senate Budget Committee Chairman’s correct? culture. Look, it is not a giant pro- mark is set an an overall reduction of $1.5 Mr. DOMENICI. Correct. gram and I am not saying Senator trillion by the year 2002. I further understand that in order to achieve a savings of that Mr. EXON. I thank my colleague. EXON said no cuts. But I am guaran- magnitude, Medicare is targeted for $256 bil- Mr. DOMENICI. Madam President, teeing there is a very large contin- lion reduction in spending over the same let me just put in perspective where we gency on that side that would say you seven-year period. are. It is amazing. I am not saying this cannot touch agriculture. Here’s the problem. For fiscal year 1993 is Senator EXON, but let me just see if I am just going to do, for the Senate, (FY ’93) (the most current completed year), I can put in perspective that side of the in rough numbers, and for the people Nebraska hospitals had a net operating mar- aisle, and what we have heard all day listening, I am going to take all those ¥ gin of 7.5 percent for care rendered to long and what we are going to hear for things off budget. OK? And I am going Medicare recipients. Based upon the Chair- man’s mark for Medicare spending, in the the next couple of days, on this side of to try to get a balanced budget. So I year 2000 Nebraska hospitals would have a the aisle. am going to take off Medicare. I am net operating margin of ¥23 percent for Frankly, any time you try to reduce going to take off Medicaid. We have Medicare patients. This figure is expected to spending in any major area which is heard an argument about Medicaid. improve by the year 2002 to a net operating bankrupting the Government, you hear Medicaid, 4 years ago, Madam Presi- margin loss of only 14.5 percent, because the that you surely should not do that one dent, because we changed the law and reductions are ‘‘front loaded.’’ because that is terribly important to States found out rather quickly how to Putting this into financial terms, in FY ’93 Nebraska hospitals lost $383 per case caring everybody. harvest the program—some say cheat, for Medicare patients. Based upon the Chair- I am going to make an assumption but some say harvest the program— so man’s mark, in the year 2000 they would lose for this RECORD, just to put in perspec- they found out how to harvest the pro- on average $1,339 per case and in 2002 they tive where we are. First, we know So- gram. Guess how much it went up?

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00059 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 Twenty-seven percent. The following Now, my last observation about all of of the Democratic Party. Spend the year we were still at it out there in the this is also something that I would like dividend that you earned for Ameri- States, 26-percent increase. And then it to quickly make. How many Americans cans, spend it, put it back in this ever- came down to 8, and then it went back are going to be harmed by our inces- growing Federal budget that got us in to 10 and there it is. sant borrowing of money? I believe the this jam. Frankly, we have to leave that there number is in the millions, for I believe Republicans say something very dif- because many on that side see as ruin- they have already been hurt. I believe ous for America if you do not leave the huge debt we have today has al- ferent. We say if that occurs, if that that program just like it is. But no- ready harmed the standard of living, benefit is forthcoming, that dividend, body says who is paying for it, right? the real paycheck of millions and mil- if it is forthcoming, we would like to We just sit around here and say we lions and millions of Americans. give it back to the American people by really need that. So that is another So one might say, who is really wor- way of a tax cut. It will be there only one. ried about the people? Is it those who if we get a balance. I have added them up as best I can talk about Federal programs that are Frankly, I am convinced that at that and here is where we would be. You worried about the people? Or is it those point the American people earned it. have to pay the interest on the debt, I who talk about Federal programs that They paid for all this budget. Middle- assume. OK? So we put that in. we could not pay for so we borrowed income Americans paid for most of it. I think we have, then, what is left on money so all the people get hurt? Who And we in our budget say give back the table. I was almost going to say is for the people? I believe I know middle-income Americans a modest tax nothing, but I have to be honest. What where I am, and I am very comfortable cut, perhaps the $500 per child tax cred- is left on the table is $390 billion out of with it. I believe this budget is for the it. That may fit. Now, frankly, I be- a $1.6 trillion deficit. So that is how people of this country. lieve that is a good game plan. this goes. We take one off but we only Now, my last observation about all take it off because we argue it is so this is just let us take an analysis of I want to just close. Again, there is great. We do not understand how do where our Democratic brothers are nothing mean about this budget. There you stop borrowing the money from going to be Monday with their vote and is plenty, plenty mean about saying we our kids, taxing them without rep- in three successive votes after that. do not care about our children. We resentation. We do not figure out how Let us just take a look for a minute. want to tax them without representa- we do that. We just say we must keep The Republicans produce a balanced tion. It does not matter about the def- this. budget. Here it is. Here it is, the Re- icit because it is mean not to give the My staff has gone through and said, publican balanced budget. No help from American people programs that we Senator, if there is $390 billion left, to the President. We produce it. No help cannot afford. That is mean. To say to get to balance what might we have to from the Democrats. We produce it. We Americans we cannot afford the pro- do? If people are worried about doing say to the American people we want to gram, and therefore we must ask you some draconian things, here is our best be leaders for making some hard to sacrifice, that is mean? I do not guess. Eliminate the Department of choice. They do not. We do. think so. Defense, for starters. Eliminate the De- Now, what happens when we get it I think what is mean is not to ask partment of State, Department of Jus- finished? The Congressional Budget Of- that of our seniors, to not to ask that tice, Department of Transportation. fice says there is a high probability of Americans and to then say some- NASA is complaining. We did not cut that when you get that done, you get body else pays for it all. We are not NASA as much as the House in our rec- an economic dividend. Some people are quite sure who, but somebody else pays ommendation, but they disappear choosing to call it on this side the under this scenario. Oh, actually, we do Domenici dividend, double D. I do not for it. not think there is even a Department know what it is, whose it is, but it is Frankly, the chairman of the Budget of Veterans left under this. reality. There is a benefit from bal- Committee in the House yesterday had So the point is, no matter what you ancing the budget. It is $170 billion it right. His one and only closing prop try to eliminate, no matter what you more or less depending upon how it all was a nice big picture with about 50 lit- try to change, no matter what you try turns out. tle children on it. That is what we to reform, there are those who want to In a sense, it is looked at this way. ought to hold up here when we start keep it all and at the same time say we After you balance the budget, interest voting on this and say, who is worried are for a balanced budget. rates come down, and they are down about them? Who is worried about You just cannot do it. And I have over the whole 7 years and you have a them and their standard of living? And given an example today, rough as it is, little dividend. Now, the entire pack- when they start working, that $100,000 do not hold me to it to the exact mil- age of Democratic amendments which of their income that has to come back lions, but just hold me to it as a pretty you heard about today and you are to America to pay interest on the debt good workmanlike approach to where going to hear about next week turns during their lifetimes, who is worried we are. That is where we would be. right around and says now that you about that? Now, I forgot to mention something. have the dividend, spend it. That is the After we did all that, senior citizens, issue. Now that you have the dividend We welcome the debate. It will be a Medicare is on the road to bankruptcy, that may be there, turn right around, good debate next week. We will have right? Because we just left it like it is. after all this effort, and take this con- some good amendments, too. And we And leaving it like it is we are doing tingency and start spending it again. will have some disagreements on our all these nice things that nobody wants And would that not be nice for the sen- side of the aisle. Republicans are not to change, but it is going bankrupt. iors if we really made Medicare solvent all out of one mold. We will have some So that is even an additional one to in the process? disagreements. But in the end, this is add to what we have done. Shame on But we have not. But we have not. the year to make it right and we will us. Shame on us. As we say we are But we are going to spend it again with do that. helping senior citizens, we want to no new plan for Medicare. Just put the Now, Madam President, I have a few leave it like it is. Many here want to issue off. Just put off the issue of rural unanimous-consent requests. First, I leave it like it is because to try to find hospitals, put off the issue of older hos- ask unanimous consent that when the some way to reform it, manage it bet- pital beds all across this Nation that Senate resumes consideration of the ter, give seniors choice, somehow or we are not going to have one way or concurrent resolution on Monday, May another we are going to harm them, we another in a few years because we have 22, there be 30 hours of debate remain- are going to hurt them. To tell you the many hospitals at 50 percent occu- ing under the statutory time limit. truth, what is really going to harm and pancy, and we are kidding ourselves Mr. EXON. No objection. We agree to hurt Americans is if we do not figure that they are going to be here for 5, 10, that. out some way to stop borrowing or 20 years. money. That is what is going to hurt So essentially, just so we put it all in The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without America. perspective, these are the amendments objection, it is so ordered.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00060 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7009 MORNING BUSINESS Well, here’s our plan: Some of my exactly the timing and the glide path Mr. DOMENICI. I ask unanimous colleagues may have a different plan, suggested by Senator NUNN and others consent there now be a period for the and I invite them to bring it forward. back during debate on the balanced transaction of morning business with This may not be everyone’s favorite budget amendment. Senators permitted to speak for up to 5 plan, but it gets the job done in a fair, What does this budget resolution do? minutes. equitable way. It reforms and rescues Medicare. Under The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Now that those who demanded, this budget, Medicare increases an av- objection, it is so ordered. ‘‘Where’s your plan?’’ have been given erage of 7.1 percent a year—more than Mr. EXON addressed the Chair. a plan. I expect that 67th Senator twice the rate of inflation. It defies The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there should come forward and finally help common sense to call that a draconian an objection? us pass the balanced budget amend- cut. Mr. EXON. Reserving the right to ob- ment. Under this budget, Medicare spending ject. What does balancing the budget will be $105 billion more in fiscal year The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- mean in people terms? It means restor- 2002 than in 1995. Where are the slash ator from Nebraska. ing the American dream of economic and burn cuts? Mr. EXON. But I will not object with opportunity, starting now and extend- Nothing here cuts services or drives this caveat, that the Senator from Ne- ing to the next generation. up needy patients’ costs. It calls for braska, when we have finished the We’re going to hear moans and com- Medicare reform—that more choice and wrap-up procedures, would like to re- plaints about budget cuts, but the cru- market competition and consumer in- serve 2 or 3 minutes as if in morning elest cut of all is the cut in every formation will slow down the runaway business. American’s living standard that has oc- costs we see now. That’s an appropriate The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without curred because of Government’s failure goal to put in a budget resolution. objection, it is so ordered. or refusal to balance the budget. A vote for this budget is a vote to Mr. DOMENICI. Will the Senator The damage done by the borrow-and- rescue Medicare. Under the status quo, close the Senate down for us? spend status quo must be undone. The that system goes broke in fiscal year Mr. EXON. I will be happy to, Madam Concord Coalition estimated that, 2002. Who says so? The Medicare Board President. without the Federal deficits and debt of Trustees that includes three of Mr. CRAIG. Mr. President, I rise in run up to date, the average family’s in- President Clinton’s Cabinet Secre- support of Senate Concurrent Resolu- come would be $50,000, instead of the taries, the Commissioner of Social Se- tion 13, the fiscal year 1996 congres- current $35,000. curity, and two public trustees. sional budget resolution, as reported A study by the Federal Reserve Bank The trustees also said, in their April by the Senate Budget Committee. of New York showed that America lost 3, 1995, report: What does this budget resolution do? 5-percent growth in GNP and 3.75 mil- The trust fund does not meet the trustees’ More importantly than anything else, lion jobs from 1978–89 because of defi- short-range test of financial adequacy * * * it provides for a balanced budget in 7 cits and debt. It fails to meet the trustees’ test of long- years. range close actuarial balance * * * by an ex- Balancing the budget by fiscal year This is the first-ever 7-year budget tremely wide margin * * * Congress must resolution, with the first-ever 7-year 2002 means a better future. The econo- take timely action to establish long-term fi- reconciliation instructions. It will metrics firm DRI/McGraw-Hill said it nancial stability for the program. produce, when it occurs in fiscal year means: 4 to 5 percent more nonresiden- Mr. President, I also rise in strong 2002, the first balanced budget in 33 tial investment; 2.5 million new jobs; a opposition to the Lautenberg-Rocke- years. The last two balanced budgets GDP that is 2.5 percent higher, and an- feller amendment that would raid were in 1969 and 1960. other $1,000 in the pocket of the aver- Medicare. The amendment would take In fiscal year 2002, under this budget, age household. $100 billion of the $170 billion economic the accumulated national debt will be GAO’s 1992 report estimated that bal- dividend created by lower interest almost $1 trillion lower than under cur- ancing the budget would raise our chil- rates resulting from deficit reduction rent law—or, less than $6 trillion, in- dren’s standard of living between 7 and and add that back to Medicare spend- stead of more than $7 trillion. 36 percent by the year 2020. ing. That last fact is sobering—it reminds What does this budget resolution do? Make no mistake, this amendment is us that this budget is a good start, not It fully protects Social Security. This the proposal that would raid Medicare. the final victory, against the stag- budget makes absolutely no changes in All it does is spend down the Medicare gering debt load crippling our economy the old age, survivors, and disability trust fund faster than the committee’s and stealing our children’s future. insurance [OASDI] trust funds, con- budget. What does this budget resolution do? sistent with a number of current law This amendment is another example It reduces the rate of growth in Federal protections, and consistent with the of status quo tunnel vision. The com- spending. Under this budget, spending Dole motion passed during debate on mittee’s budget assumes that we fix still grows an average of 3-percent a the balanced budget amendment and Medicare, reform it. That means sen- year, down from the current 5.4 percent the Kempthorne amendment adopted iors who need Medicare won’t be hurt, a year. as part of S.1—the Unfunded Mandates they’ll participate in an improved sys- Only special interest groups and lib- Act. tem. erals inside the Capital Beltway can This budget in no way loots Social This amendment assumes there is no say a 3-percent raise is really a draco- Security. It protects it by reducing the alternative to the current policies that nian cut. pressure of future debts, and it are rapidly driving Medicare bankrupt. Under this budget, total Federal strengthens our ability to keep prom- The House’s majority whip, Represent- spending in fiscal year 2002 will be $382 ises to seniors. ative DELAY, said it well the other day: billion more than this year—fiscal year It takes us two-thirds of the way to It’s like one side is talking about a 1995. balancing the non-Social Security cure for cancer and the other side can’t Only in Washington, DC, does anyone budget by fiscal year 2002. The Com- think about anything but chemo- claim that a $382 billion increase is mittee budget produces deficit reduc- therapy. really a $229 billion cut. tion of $229 billion below current law in We want Medicare to continue to be What does this budget resolution do? fiscal year 2002; the OASDI trustees there and to start working better for It delivers on the promise of the bal- project a $112 billion Social Security seniors today and tomorrow. If we do anced budget amendment and those of surplus for fiscal year 2002. Getting what’s best for Medicare and for our us who supported it. two-thirds of the way there is a lot bet- seniors, the numbers will come out the Back in January and February, some ter than the status quo. way the committee’s budget says. opponents—and a few supporters—of If we just stay on the glide path es- We still need the balanced budget the balanced budget amendment said tablished by this budget, we can go on amendment to the Constitution. The they wanted to see a plan for exactly to balance the non-Social Security budget resolution currently before us how to balance the budget. budget by about fiscal year 2005. That’s provides for a balanced budget in 7

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00061 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7010 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 years. That gives some Members of and his wife and daughter, Kimber and near death in 1991, but had a tremen- Congress and the special interest Celine. dous will to live, and he survived. A groups 6 years and three elections to Wildlife Manager Estevan Escobedo, second chance can be a wonderful gift, try and knock us off track. who had been with the Arizona Game and Pat realized this and approached Can we balance the budget without and Fish Department for 9 years, was his life with a new vigor, a new deter- the balanced budget amendment? The killed in a fiery helicopter crash near mination. His last 3 years were dedi- first Republican Congress in 40 years is Coolidge Dam on January 4, 1994. He cated to undertaking new challenges proving we can, but ‘‘can’’ is no guar- and three other officials, who survived and to helping children, especially antee. If future Congresses continue on the crash, were on a routine assign- through the D.A.R.E. Program. Pat en- the path set out in this resolution, the ment to count javelina in a rugged can- couraged the D.A.R.E. kids to live a result still will be only one balanced yon near Winkelman. The area was clean and healthy life. budget in 33 years. part of Estevan’s district, based in Sergeant Thompson is survived by Hitting a target once in 33 years that Globe. Estevan was the first law en- his mother, wife, sons, and daughters. we ought to hit in all but the most ex- forcement officer killed in the line of Mr. President, it is an honor for me treme circumstances, is not an en- duty in 1994. It was the first aircraft to remember Sergeants Thompson and dorsement of life without the balanced accident involving a fatality for the de- Riley, Officer Pollard, and Wildlife budget amendment. partment since 1980. Manager Escobedo. They served their f Estevan graduated from Westwood organizations with distinction and High School and Arizona State Univer- with honor. We will never forget their IN MEMORY AND IN HONOR OF sity. Away from his duties as a wildlife FALLEN ARIZONA LAW EN- sacrifice; we will always remember manager, Estevan participated in rodeo their spirit. FORCEMENT OFFICERS events such as calf roping. He was a Mr. KYL. Mr. President, this year’s partner, confidant, and adopted brother f National Law Enforcement memorial to his rodeo buddies. service had great meaning and was Estevan is survived by his mother WAS CONGRESS IRRESPONSIBLE? filled with sadness for the citizens of and a twin brother. He is remembered THE VOTERS HAVE SAID YES Arizona. Over the past year, four Ari- as a carefree, joyous bother, son, and Mr. HELMS. Mr. President, on the zona law enforcement officers were friend, equipped with a playful sense of evening I learned I had been elected to killed in the line of duty. The seventh humor and a sense of duty that led him the Senate in 1972, one of the commit- annual memorial service and candle- to give lovingly of his time and energy. ments I made to myself was that I light vigil held here in Washington, Those who knew him say that Estevan would never fail to see a young person DC, this week provided an opportunity had a smile that will last forever in the or a group of young people who wanted to remember these dedicated officers memories of those whose lives were to see me. It was certainly beneficial to and the contributions they made to the touched by him. me that I did because I have been in- people of Arizona. Sergeant Patrick (Pat) Riley died on spired by the estimated 60,000 young I had the privilege of visiting with March 11, 1994. He was struck by a people with whom I have visited during two of the families of these men this truck while directing traffic at a con- the nearly 23 years I have been in the week. The loss they have experienced is struction site. He died approximately 2 Senate. still very painful for them. But, they hours later. Most of them have been concerned know that the death of their loved ones Pat joined the Maricopa County about the magnitude of the Federal was not in vain. They died to ensure Sheriff’s Office as a detention officer in debt that Congress has run up for the that others could live—safely. These 1983. A year later, he applied for and coming generations to pay. The young men provide an example of the dedi- was accepted as a deputy sheriff. He people and I always discuss the fact cated service that all other law en- spent 4 years in various positions as a that under the Constitution, no Presi- forcement officers in Arizona should deputy, ranging from a beat deputy to dent can spend even a dime of Federal strive to achieve. detective, culminating his assignment money that has not first been author- Each of them made a unique con- to major felonies as a homicide detec- ized and appropriated by both the tribution to Arizona. They all played a tive. During this period, he was nomi- House and Senate of the United States. significant role in working toward a nated for the ‘‘Deputy of the Year’’ That is why I have been making safer and stronger State and Nation. commendation in 1990. He received the these daily reports to the Senate since Mesa Police Officer Steven Paul Pol- B.P.O.E. ‘‘Americanism Award’’ in 1991, February 22, 1992. I want to make it a lard died on November 27, 1994, when he which was presented by Gov. Rose matter of record precisely the size of was struck by a car and killed while Mofford. Pat was promoted to sergeant the Federal debt which as of Thursday, conducting a DUI traffic stop in the in September 1992 and served in assign- May 18, stood at $4,885,256,391,108.42 or emergency lane of U.S. 60 in Mesa. As ments at the general investigations di- $18,544.52 on a per capita basis. Steve stood by the driver’s door of his vision, detectives, and in patrol. He What Congress has already done to vehicle, a motorist traveling eastbound also received the highly coveted ‘‘Dis- future generations is immoral. apparently fell asleep and drove his ve- tinguished Service Award’’ in 1994. hicle off the roadway striking Steve Pat was one of the lead investigators f and the police vehicle. He died in- in the Temple homicide case, in which stantly. eight Buddhist monks and two appren- MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT Steve was born July 5, 1968, in Phoe- tices were murdered. Messages from the President of the nix to Steven and Ida Garcia. He went Pat married Laurie Davis in Feb- United States were communicated to to Starlight Elementary, Estrella Jun- ruary 1987. After a courtship of love, he the Senate by Mr. Thomas, one of his ior High, and Trevor Brown High leaves behind his wife and no children. secretaries. School. He graduated in 1986. Steve had Sergeant Patrick Devon Thompson worked for the department of correc- died on September 2, 1994. While on f tions before joining the Mesa Police duty, Sergeant Thompson lost control Department. That was the career he of his police vehicle, collided with an EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED wanted all of his life, and he died doing oncoming car, and died instantly. As in executive session the Presiding the job he always dreamed of doing. Sergeant Thompson served with the Officer laid before the Senate messages Steve is remembered as man who would Santa Cruz County Sheriff’s Office from the President of the United go beyond the call of duty to help oth- since 1978. He is remembered by col- States submitting sundry nominations ers. No job was ever too big or too leagues as honest, loyal, reliable, car- which were referred to the appropriate small for Steve. ing, and trustworthy. He was also very committees. Steve is survived by his mother and generous with his time, especially with (The nominations received today are father, Richard and Ida Pollard; is the youth of Santa Cruz County. They printed at the end of the Senate pro- brother and sister, Ruben and Angie; respected and admired him. He was ceedings.)

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00062 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7011 EXECUTIVE AND OTHER ‘‘Whereas there is no rational reason or ‘‘Whereas, Taiwan is currently the four- COMMUNICATIONS precedent for classifying coal as a hazardous teenth largest trading nation in the world or noxious material and the current mari- and its gross national product is the world’s The following communications were time insurance has, without exception, ade- twentieth largest. Its annual per capital in- laid before the Senate, together with quately provided insurance indemnity for come exceeds ten thousand dollars in United accompanying papers, reports, and doc- seaborne coal shipping; and States currency, its foreign exchange re- uments, which were referred as indi- ‘‘Whereas action classifying coal as a haz- serves exceed eighty billion dollars in United cated: ardous or noxious material could signifi- States currency and it has become the cantly increase insurance rates and the de- world’s seventh largest outbound investor; EC–919. A communication from the Acting livered cost of coal to the benefit of com- and Director of Intelligence, transmitting, a peting fuel sources; and ‘‘Whereas, the government of Taiwan has draft of proposed legislation to authorize ap- ‘‘Whereas this action would dramatically initiated a campaign to pursue a seat in the propriations for fiscal year 1996 for intel- reduce the competitiveness of coal as an im- United Nations without threatening the cur- ligence and intelligence-related activities of port fuel and reduce the amount of exported rent position of the People’s Republic of the United States Government and the Cen- coal from countries such as the United China in this organization. Several other tral Intelligence Agency Retirement and Dis- States; and countries have expressed their support of ability System, and for other purposes; to ‘‘Whereas this action would reduce the po- Taiwan’s efforts in this capacity by urging the Committee on Intelligence. tential for the export of Alaska coal; and the United Nations to consider the excep- EC–920. A communication from the Attor- ‘‘Whereas the National Coal Association, tional situation of Taiwan in the inter- ney General of the United States, transmit- the United States Coal Exporters Associa- national community. Taiwan’s membership ting, pursuant to law, a report pursuant to tion, and the Alaska Coal Association, to- in the United Nations would conform with the Intelligence Surveillance Act for cal- gether with labor organizations, adamantly the established pattern of parallel represen- endar 1994; to the Committee on the Judici- oppose the IMO proposal; and tation by divided countries as well as with ary. ‘‘Whereas it is critical that United States the principle of universality, whereby all EC–921. A communication from the Chair- Government representatives to the IMO con- people can be represented in this world orga- man of the Federal Communications Com- vention oppose the classification of coal as a nization. Furthermore, the participation of mission, transmitting, pursuant to law, the hazardous or noxious material; be it Taiwan in the United Nations would con- Agency’s report under the Freedom of Infor- ‘‘Resolved, That the House of Representa- tribute to the peace and stability of the Pa- mation Act for calendar year 1994; to the tives respectfully urges the United States cific region and therefore to the interests of Committee on the Judiciary. Senate not to ratify a Hazardous and Nox- the United States; and EC–922. A communication from the Acting ious Substance Convention proposed by the International Maritime Organization that ‘‘Whereas, the fifth-largest foreign market Assistant Attorney General, transmitting, a for Arizona products in 1993, Taiwan enjoys a draft of proposed legislation to disapprove includes coal as a designated hazardous or noxious material. friendly commercial relationship with the sentencing guideline amendments relating to state of Arizona and last year received $477 cocaine base and money laundering; to the ‘‘Copies of this resolution shall be sent to the Honorable Al Gore, Jr., Vice-President of million in Arizona exports. Recognizing the Committee on the Judiciary. importance of trade with Asia and particu- EC–923. A communication from the Vice the United States and President of the U.S. Senate; the Honorable Bob Dole, Majority larly with Taiwan, the Arizona Department President of Government and Public Affairs, of Commerce established the Arizona Asian- Amtrak, transmitting, pursuant to law, a re- Leader of the U.S. Senate; the Honorable Strom Thurmond, President Pro Tempore of Pacific Trade Office in Taipei, Taiwan to port under the Freedom of Information Act help Arizona’s exporting companies conduct for calendar year 1994; to the Committee on the U.S. Senate; and to the Honorable Ted Stevens and the Honorable Frank Mur- business in Asia and to strive to increase for- the Judiciary. eign investment in this state. Arizona is EC–924. A communication from the Sec- kowski, U.S. Senators, and the Honorable Don Young, U.S. Representative, members of strongly committed to encouraging aware- retary of Housing and Urban Development, ness of both the commercial and cultural transmitting, pursuant to law, the Depart- the Alaska delegation in Congress.’’ POM–130. A concurrent resolution adopted benefits of Taiwan, as demonstrated by the ment’s annual report under the Freedom of recent Multi-State Trade Days mission, in Information Act for calendar year 1994; to by the Legislature of the State of Arizona; to the Committee on Foreign Relations. which the Arizona Department of Commerce the Committee on the Judiciary. recruited companies to promote their prod- ‘‘HOUSE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION 2004 EC–925. A communication from the Free- ucts in such overseas locations as dom of Information Officer, Environmental ‘‘Whereas, since 1949. China has been a di- Kaohsiung, Taiwan, and the activities of the Protection Agency, transmitting, pursuant vided nation, with the government of the Re- Phoenix Sister Cities Commission, estab- to law, the Agency’s report under the Free- public of China on Taiwan and the People’s lished in 1975 to help promote student ex- dom of Information Act for calendar year Republic of China on the Chinese mainland changes and cultural and business ties with 1994; to the Committee on the Judiciary. exercising exclusive jurisdiction over sepa- sister cities such as Taipei, Taiwan: There- EC–926. A communication from the Chair- rate parts of China. The government of Tai- fore, be it man of the Farm Credit System Insurance wan further acknowledges that two equal ‘‘Resolved by the House of Representatives of Corporation, transmitting, pursuant to law, and distinct political entities exist within the State of Arizona, the Senate concurring: the Corporation’s annual report under the the divided China. United Nations General ‘‘1. That the Members of the House of Rep- Freedom of Information Act for calendar Assembly Resolution 2758, which in 1971 re- resentatives express their support of the year 1994; to the Committee on the Judici- stored to the People’s Republic of China its broader participation of Taiwan in the ary. seat in the United Nations while expelling United Nations and in the international f the Republic of China on Taiwan, does not community, and in so doing, encourage the provide a complete solution to the issue of people of this state and country to recognize PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS China’s seat in the United Nations that re- the mutual benefits of our ongoing commer- sulted from this division of China; and cial relationship with Taiwan. The following petitions and memo- ‘‘Whereas, Taiwan’s twenty-one million rials were laid before the Senate and ‘‘2. That the Secretary of State of the people enjoy a multiparty, democratic form State of Arizona transmit a certified copy of were referred or ordered to lie on the of government, the policies of which conform this Resolution to the Speaker of the United table as indicated: to those of other democratic nations; and States House of Representatives, to the ‘‘Whereas, during the past decade, Taiwan POM–129. A resolution adopted by the President of the United States Senate, to the has assumed regional and global responsibil- House of the Legislature of the State of Secretary-General of the United Nations, to ities in international development programs Alaska; to the Committee on Foreign Rela- the United States Trade Representative and and humanitarian relief operations. Taiwan tions. each member of the Arizona Congressional often has closely coordinated its efforts in delegation.’’ ‘‘HOUSE RESOLVE NO. 8 responding to international disasters and ‘‘Whereas the International Maritime Or- crises and in undertaking programs of assist- POM–131. A resolution adopted by the Sen- ganization (IMO), an organization under the ance for less-developed nations with those of ate of the Legislature of the Commonwealth auspices of the United Nations, is currently the United States. Taiwan clearly has shown of Massachusetts; to the Committee on For- drafting proposals for an international trea- its willingness to assume a direct role in eign Relations. ty adopting and expanding insurance indem- contributing to the well-being of the global nity provisions for seaborne commodities; community; and ‘‘SENATE RESOLUTION and ‘‘Whereas, Taiwan has joined several im- ‘‘Whereas, the extermination of the more ‘‘Whereas, in contrast to existing maritime portant multilateral organizations in recent than one and one-half million Armenians by classifications and the policies and regula- years, including Asia/Pacific Economic Co- the Ottoman Turks and the forced deporta- tions of the United States Department of operation (APEC) and the Asian Develop- tion of countless others has been remem- Transportation and the United States Coast ment Bank. The United States has supported bered every year on April twenty-fourth Guard, the IMO proposes classifying coal as the admission of Taiwan into these organiza- since Nineteen Hundred and Fifteen as Ar- a hazardous and noxious material; and tions; and menian Martyrs Day; and

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00063 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7012 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 ‘‘Whereas, eighty years ago Armenians and indicated, in its policy review of Sep- cause of the long distances that must be were forced to witness the slaughter of their tember 1994, a stronger and more active pol- driven by many people and industries in relatives and the loss of their ancestral icy of support for Taiwan’s participation in some states as opposed to other states, great homeland; and other international organizations; inequities are inherent in any proposal to ‘‘Whereas, modern Turkey continues to ‘‘Whereas, Taiwan has repeatedly stated utilize motor fuel taxes for deficit reduction deny and distort the facts of the genocide that its participation in international orga- purposes; and and honors the perpetrators of the crime nizations is that of a divided nation, with no ‘‘Whereas, Including of the transportation against humanity as national heroes; and intention to challenge the current inter- trust funds in the Unified Federal Budget ‘‘Whereas, the continued denial of the Ar- national status of Mainland China; subjects transportation programs to arbi- menian genocide by the present-day Turkish ‘‘Whereas, The United Nations and other trary expenditure ceilings, despite the fact Government deprives the Armenian people international organizations have established that trust fund expenditures are fully fi- full recognition of this tragic chapter in precedents concerning the admission of sepa- nanced by users, and do not contribute to the their history; and rate parts of divided nations, such as Korea federal deficit; and ‘‘Whereas, the Armenian people have not and Germany; and ‘‘Whereas, In recent years the imposition received reparations for their losses; and ‘‘Whereas, Taiwan’s participation in inter- of such budgetary limitations has resulted in ‘‘Whereas, ancestral Armenian lands have national organizations would not prevent or a substantial build up of revenue in the trust not been returned to the Armenian people; imperil a future voluntary union between funds, while states and local agencies have Now therefore be it Taiwan and Mainland China any more than received less federal funding than authorized ‘‘Resolved, That the Massachusetts Senate the recognition of separate governments in and available, and as a consequence, the na- hereby joins in commemorating this eight- the former West Germany and the former tion’s transportation needs are being inad- ieth anniversary of the Armenian genocide East Germany prevented the voluntary re- equately addressed: Now, therefore, on April twenty-fourth, Nineteen Hundred unification of Germany. Now, therefore, be it ‘‘Your Memorialists respectfully urge Con- and Ninety-Five and urges the citizenry of ‘‘Resolved by the House of Representatives of gress to: the Commonwealth of Massachusetts to do the General Assembly of the State of Indiana, ‘‘(1) Invest the resources in the nation’s the same; and be it further the Senate concurring: transportation system needed to enable eco- ‘‘Resolved, That the Massachusetts Senate ‘‘Section 1. Taiwan deserves full participa- nomic competitiveness and job creation, as a respectfully calls on the President of the tion, including a seat in the United Nations, minimum by fully funding at the earliest United States to request the Turkish Gov- and the government of the United States possible time the ISTEA highway and transit ernment to acknowledge the genocide per- should immediately encourage the United authorizations; petrated against the Armenians in 1915–1923; Nations to establish an ad hoc committee for ‘‘(2) Recognize and reaffirm the traditional and be it further the purpose of studying membership for Tai- user-fee principle that has sustained the de- ‘‘Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions wan in that organization and its related velopment of the national transportation be transmitted forthwith by the Clerk of the agencies. system for more than 70 years, by reserving Senate to the President of the United ‘‘Section 2. The Principal Clerk of the the transportation user fees now being col- States.’’ House of Representatives is directed to lected for deficit reduction solely for future transmit a copy of this resolution to the transportation purposes; and POM–132. A concurrent resolution adopted President of the United States, the Speaker ‘‘(3) Act expeditiously to remove the High- by the General Assembly of the State of In- of the United States House of Representa- way Trust Fund and Airport and Airway diana; to the Committee on Foreign Rela- tives, and the United States Senate Majority Trust Fund from the Unified Federal Budget, tions. Leader.’’ be it ‘‘HOUSE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION NO. 71 ‘‘Resolved, That copies of this Memorial be ‘‘Whereas, China has been a divided nation POM–133. A joint resolution adopted by the immediately transmitted to the President since 1949, and the governments of the Re- Legislature of the State of Washington; to and the Secretary of the United States Sen- public of China on Taiwan (hereinafter cited the Committee on the Budget. ate, to the Speaker and the Clerk of the United States House of Representatives, and as ‘‘Taiwan’’) and the People’s Republic of ‘‘HOUSE JOINT MEMORIAL 4029 China on Mainland China (hereinafter cited to each member of this state’s delegation to ‘‘Whereas, A safe and efficient national as ‘‘Mainland China’’) have exercised juris- Congress.’’ transportation system is essential to the na- diction over separate parts of China; ‘‘Whereas, Taiwan has the 19th largest tion’s international competitiveness; key to POM–134. A concurrent resolution adopted gross national product in the world, strong domestic productivity; and vital to our qual- by the General Assembly of the State of and vibrant economy, and one of the largest ity of life; and Iowa; to the Committee on Commerce, foreign exchange reserves of any nation; ‘‘Whereas, despite the transportation in- Science, and Transportation. ‘‘Whereas, Taiwan has dramatically im- vestments promised in the enactment of the ‘‘SENATE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION NO. 11 Intermodal Surface Transportation Effi- proved its record on human rights and rou- ‘‘Whereas, Amtrak, the national railroad ciency Act (ISTEA), Congress has yet to tinely holds free and fair elections in a passenger corporation providing national fully fund the authorizations it contains for multiparty system, as evidenced most re- railroad passenger service, is energy efficient highways and transit; and cently by the December 3, 1994 balloting for and environmentally beneficial, consuming ‘‘Whereas, The current levels of federal local and provincial officials; about half as much energy per passenger funding for the nation’s highway and public ‘‘Whereas, The 21 million people on Taiwan mile as an airline and causing less air pollu- transportation systems are inadequate to are not represented in the United Nations tion; and and their human rights as citizens of the meet rehabilitation needs, to ensure the ‘‘Whereas, Amtrak provides mobility to world are therefore severely abridged; safety of the traveling public, to begin solv- citizens of many smaller communities poorly ‘‘Whereas, Taiwan has in recent years re- ing congestion and rural access problems, to served by air and bus services and to those peatedly expressed its strong desire to par- conduct adequate transportation research persons with medical conditions which pre- ticipate in the United Nations; programs, and to keep America competitive vent them from flying; and ‘‘Whereas, Taiwan has much to contribute in world economy; and ‘‘Whereas, Amtrak is nine times safer than to the work and funding of the United Na- ‘‘Whereas, The Federal motor fuel tax and driving a motor vehicle on a passenger mile tions; aviation fuel tax have traditionally been re- basis, and operates even in severe weather ‘‘Whereas, Taiwan has demonstrated its garded as user fees paid by transportation conditions; and commitment to the world community by re- users, the proceeds of which are and will con- ‘‘Whereas, Amtrak travel rose forty-eight sponding to international disasters and cri- tinue to be required to help meet America’s percent from 1982 to 1993 and Amtrak dra- ses such as environmental destruction in the transportation requirements; and matically improved coverage of its operating Persian Gulf and famine in Rwanda by pro- ‘‘Whereas, The action to divert transpor- costs from revenues; and viding financial donations, medical assist- tation user fees from documented transpor- ‘‘Whereas, expansion of Amtrak service by ance, and other forms of aid; tation needs was taken by Congress despite using existing rail rights-of-way would cost ‘‘Whereas, The world community has re- strong support for placing the revenue in the less and use less land than new highways and acted positively to Taiwan’s desire for inter- Highway Trust Fund from the National Gov- airports and would further increase Am- national participation, as shown by Taiwan’s ernors’ Association, the United States Con- trak’s energy efficiency advantage; and continued membership in the Asian Develop- ference of Mayors, and the American Asso- ‘‘Whereas, federal investment in Amtrak ment Bank, the admission of Taiwan into ciation of State Highway and Transportation has fallen in the last decade while it has the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Officials, in addition to many industry and risen for airports and highways; and group as a full member, and the accession of transportation user organizations; and ‘‘Whereas, Amtrak pays a fuel tax that air- Taiwan as an observer at the General Agree- ‘‘Whereas, Use of the transportation fuel lines do not pay; and ment on Tariffs and Trade as the first step taxes for deficit reduction purposes places ‘‘Whereas, Amtrak workers and vendors toward becoming a contracting party to that the burden of reducing the deficit on indus- pay more in taxes than the federal govern- organization; try and individuals based predominantly on ment invests in Amtrak: Now therefore, be it ‘‘Whereas, The United States has sup- how many miles they travel, without taking ‘‘Resolved by the Senate, the House of Rep- ported Taiwan’s participation in these bodies into account their ability to pay; and be- resentatives concurring, That the President of

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00064 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7013 the United States and the Congress are urged H.R. 101. A bill to transfer a parcel of land **In the Navy there are 41 appointments to to do the following: to the Taos Pueblo Indians of New Mexico the grade of lieutenant (list begins with ‘‘1. Maintain the current level of Amtrak (Rept. No. 104–85). Vanita Ahvja) (Reference No. 291) funding. f **In the Navy there are 767 appointments ‘‘2. Exempt Amtrak from paying fuel taxes to the grade of ensign (list begins with that airlines do not pay. EXECUTIVE REPORTS OF Charles S. Abbot) (Reference No. 292) ‘‘3. Include a strong Amtrak system in any COMMITTEES **In the Navy there are 1,271 appointments plans for a national transportation system: to the grade of ensign (list begins with Ryan be it further The following executive reports of D. Aaron) (Reference No. 293) ‘‘Resolved, That copies of this Resolution committees were submitted: *Major General Leonard D. Holder, Jr., be sent to the President of the United By Mr. LUGAR, from the Committee on USA to be lieutenant general (Reference No. States, the President of the United States Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry: 299) Senate, the Speaker of the United States Eugene Branstool, of Ohio, to be a member **In the Air Force Reserve there are 21 pro- House of Representations, and members of of the Board of Directors of the Federal Agri- motions to the grade of lieutenant colonel Iowa’s congressional delegation.’’ cultural Mortgage Corporation. (list begins with Bradley C. Andreesen) (Ref- Karl N. Stauber, of Minnesota, to be Under erence No. 301) POM–135. A resolution adopted by the Sen- Secretary of Agriculture for Research, Edu- **In the Air Force Reserve there are 22 pro- ate of Legislature of the State of Hawaii; to cation, and Economics. motions to the grade of lieutenant colonel the Committee on Energy and Natural Re- Karl N. Stauber, of Minnesota, to be a (list begins with Jose T. Aguinega) (Ref- sources. member of the Board of Directors of the erence No. 302) *General Charles G. Boyd, USAF to be ‘‘SENATE RESOLUTION NO. 21 Commodity Credit Corporation. (The above nominations were re- placed on the retired list in the grade of gen- ‘‘Whereas, H.R. 602, Title III, if enacted, eral (Reference No. 311) would grant the State of Hawaii concurrent ported with the recommendation that *General John M. Loh, USAF to be placed jurisdiction over Baker Island, Jarvis Island, they be confirmed, subject to the nomi- on the retired list in the grade of general Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Howland Is- nees’ commitment to respond to re- (Reference No. 312) land, the Midway Islands, and Palmyra quests to appear and testify before any *Lieutenant General John S. Fairfield, Atoll, to the same extent as and in the same duly constituted committee of the Sen- USAF for reappointment to the grade of lieu- manner that such jurisdiction applies to all ate.) tenant general (Reference No. 315) other areas within the State of Hawaii; and *Lieutenant General Carl G. O’Berry, ‘‘Whereas, all of these areas have historical By Mr. THURMOND, from the Committee USAF to be placed on the retired list in the links to the State of Hawaii, the Territory of on Armed Services: grade of lieutenant general (Reference No. Hawaii, and the Kingdom of Hawaii, and are Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, for 316) either part of the Hawaiian Archipelago or the Committee on Armed Services, I *Major General Eugene D. Santarelli, are within the same relative distance as the report favorably the attached listing of USAF to be lieutenant general (Reference distant islands of the State; and nominations. No. 317) ‘‘Whereas, no rights or liabilities of title or *General Dennis J. Reimer, USA to be ownership are transferred to Hawaii as a re- Those identified with a single aster- Chief of Staff of the Army and for reappoint- sult of this Act; and isk (*) are to be placed on the Execu- ment to the grade of general (Reference No. ‘‘Whereas, the people of Hawaii have dem- tive Calendar. Those identified with a 319) onstrated, by their wise governance and double asterisk (**) are to lie on the *General Gordon R. Sullivan, USA to be stewardship of the ocean resources of the Ha- Secretary’s desk for the information of placed on the retired list in the grade of gen- waiian Archipelago, both living and non-liv- any Senator since these names have al- eral (Reference No. 333) ing, their desire to insure wise management *Lieutenant General Marvin L. Covault, ready appeared in the RECORDS of and careful preservation of the ocean envi- USA to be placed on the retired list in the ronment; and March 23, March 30, April 3, April 24, grade of lieutenant general (Reference No. ‘‘Whereas, Hawaii’s political, economic, and May 2, 1995, and ask unanimous 334) and social destiny has been linked, histori- consent, to save the expense of reprint- *Major General Robert E. Gray, USA to be cally, to the ocean environment and its re- ing on the Executive Calendar, that lieutenant general (Reference No. 335) sources, and Hawaii’s people, from the early these nominations lie at the Sec- *Lieutenant General John E. Miller, USA Polynesian voyagers who discovered these is- retary’s desk for the information of for reappointment to the grade of lieutenant lands nearly two thousand years ago, to Ha- Senators. general (Reference No. 336) waii’s present-day citizens, represent one of *Major General William G. Carter III, USA the great oceanic societies of globe; and The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without to be lieutenant general (Reference No. 337) ‘‘Whereas, Hawaii’s future, now as in the objection, it is so ordered. **In the Air Force Reserve there is 1 ap- past, is linked to its surrounding seas and its (The nominations ordered to lie on pointment to the grade of colonel (James C. freedom to make wise use of them; and the Secretary’s desk were printed in Ingram, Jr.) (Reference No. 340) ‘‘Whereas, the joint exercise of concurrent **In the Army Reserve there are 20 pro- the RECORD of March 23, and 30, April 3, motions to the grade of colonel and below jurisdiction over these islands and atolls will and 24, and May 2, 1995, at the end of undoubtedly devolve to great benefit to the (list begins with James W. Clevenger, Jr.) strategic interests of both the State of Ha- the Senate proceedings.) (Reference No. 342) waii and the United States of America; and *Lieutenant General Billy J. Boles, USAF **In the Marine Corps there are 125 ap- ‘‘Whereas, the Omnibus Territories Act, to be general (Reference No. 200) pointments to the grade of second lieutenant H.R. 602, grants the Governor of the State of *Vice Admiral Donald F. Hagan, USN to be (list begins with Stephen J. Acosta) (Ref- Hawaii authority to accept or refuse juris- placed on the retired list in the grade of vice erence No. 361) diction over these areas, with no time limi- admiral (Reference No. 203) Total: 2,860. tation imposed on this decision: Now, there- *Major General John C. Griffith, USAF to f fore, be it be lieutenant general (Reference No. 264) ‘‘Resolved by the Senate of the Eighteenth *Lieutenant General Charles C. Krulak, INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND Legislature of the State of Hawaii, Regular USMC to be Commandant of the Marine JOINT RESOLUTIONS Session of 1995, that the United States Con- Corps and for appointment to the grade of The following bills and joint resolu- gress is respectfully urged to enact H.R. 602 general (Reference No. 266) tions were introduced, read the first as it pertains to allowing Hawaii to assume **In the Army there are 53 promotions to the grade of major (list begins with John A. and second time by unanimous con- jurisdiction over these islands and atolls; sent, and referred as indicated: and, be it further Adams) (Reference No. 276) ‘‘Resolved, That certified copies of this Res- **In the Marine Corps there are 510 ap- By Mr. ROCKEFELLER (for himself olution be transmitted to Hawaii’s Congres- pointments to the grade of major and below and Mr. SIMPSON): sional Delegation, the Speaker of the United (list begins with David F. Allen) (Reference S. 831. A bill to amend the Internal Rev- States House of Representatives, and the No. 277) enue Code of 1986 to clarify the tax treat- President of the United States Senate. *Major General Lloyd W. Newton, USAF to ment of certain contributions made pursuant be lieutenant general (Reference No. 282) to veterans’ reemployment; to the Com- f **In the Air Force there are 6 appoint- mittee on Finance. REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ments to the grade of second lieutenant (list By Mr. GRAHAM: begins with Robert D. Curry) (Reference No. S. 832. A bill to require the Prospective The following reports of committees 289) Payment Assessment Commission to develop were submitted: **In the Army there are 6 promotions to separate applicable percentage increases to By Mr. MURKOWSKI, from the Committee the grade of lieutenant colonel and below ensure that medicare beneficiaries who re- on Energy and Natural Resources, without (list begins with Russell R. Moores, Jr.) (Ref- ceive services from medicare dependent hos- amendment: erence No. 290) pitals receive the same quality of care and

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00065 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7014 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 access to services as medicare beneficiaries rights to participate in the employer’s ‘‘(B) such plan shall not be treated as fail- in other hospitals, and for other purposes; to pension plan and, more specifically, to ing to meet any requirement of this part or the Committee on Finance. the relationship between USERRA and section 457 by reason of the making of such By Mr. HATCH (for himself, Mr. BAU- the Internal Revenue Code. Under contribution and such contribution shall not CUS, Mr. DOLE, Mr. CAMPBELL, Mrs. be taken into account in applying the limita- USERRA, it is possible that a pension FEINSTEIN, Mr. COHEN, Mr. COCHRAN, tions referred to in subparagraph (A) to Mr. KYL, Mr. BENNETT, Mr. CRAIG, plan, by seeking to comply with other contributions. Mr. D’AMATO, Mr. BURNS, Mr. ROCKE- USERRA, could have to make pay- ments on behalf of now returned For purposes of the preceding sentence, any FELLER, and Mrs. BOXER): additional elective deferral made under para- S. 833. A bill to amend the Internal Rev- servicemembers that could cause the graph (2) shall be treated as an employer enue Code of 1986 to more accurately codify plan to go out of compliance with the contribution required by reason of the em- the depreciable life of semiconductor manu- Internal Revenue Code [IRC] because of ployee’s rights under such chapter 43. facturing equipment; to the Committee on the total amount of payments made by ‘‘(2) REEMPLOYMENT RIGHTS WITH RESPECT Finance. the plan in a given year. Obviously, By Mr. FAIRCLOTH (for himself, Mr. TO ELECTIVE DEFERRALS.— this is a result that is not intended and DOLE, Mr. LOTT, Mr. BROWN, Mr. ‘‘(A) IN GENERAL.—If an employee is enti- BURNS, Mr. CRAIG, Mr. HATCH, Mr. which should be avoided. The appro- tled to the benefits of chapter 43 of title 38, HELMS, Mr. KEMPTHORNE, Mr. MCCON- priate remedy—an amendment to the United States Code, with respect to any plan NELL, and Mr. THURMOND): Internal Revenue Code—is in the juris- which provides for elective deferrals, such S. 834. A bill to restore the American fam- diction of the Finance Committee, and employer shall be treated as meeting the re- ily, reduce illegitimacy, and reduce welfare thus the matter must be resolved in quirements of such chapter 43 with respect dependence; to the Committee on Finance. legislation developed by that com- to such elective deferrals if such employer— By Mrs. HUTCHISON: mittee. ‘‘(i) permits such employee to make addi- S. 835. A bill to provide for the operation of Mr. President, so as to allow time for tional elective deferrals under such plan (in the amount determined under subparagraph laboratories to carry out certain public- an amendment to the IRC to be consid- health functions for the region along the (B)) during the period which begins on the international border with Mexico, and for ered, USERRA provides a 2-year period date of the reemployment and whose dura- other purposes; to the Committee on Labor before compliance with the pension tion is the lesser of— and Human Resources. provisions in the new law would be re- ‘‘(I) 5 years; or By Mr. EXON: quired. As I noted during Senate debate ‘‘(II) 3 times the period of qualified mili- S. 836. A bill to authorize appropriations last September on the final com- tary service which resulted in such rights; for pipeline safety for fiscal years 1996, 1997, promise of the USERRA legislation, it and 1998, and 1999, and for other purposes; to the was my intention, which I commu- ‘‘(ii) makes a matching contribution in re- Committee on Commerce, Science, and nicated at the time to Senator MOY- spect of any additional elective deferral Transportation. NIHAN in his then-role as chairman of made pursuant to clause (i) which would By Mr. WARNER (for himself and Mr. have been required had such deferral actu- ROBB): the Finance Committee, to take the lead in the Finance Committee in pro- ally been made during the period of such S. 837. A bill to require the Secretary of qualified military service. the Treasury to mint coins in commemora- posing the appropriate amendment to ‘‘(B) AMOUNT OF MAKEUP REQUIRED.—The tion of the 250th anniversary of the birth of the Internal Revenue Code as part of amount determined under this subparagraph James Madison; to the Committee on Bank- the first appropriate tax bill. I also in- is the maximum amount of elective deferrals ing, Housing, and Urban Affairs. dicated to Senator MOYNIHAN that, that the individual would have been per- f should such an amendment not be in mitted to make under the plan during his pe- law as the 2-year window provided in riod of qualified military service if he had STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED continued to be employed by the employer BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS USERRA nears its end, I would work to amend USERRA so as to provide for a during such period and received compensa- By Mr. ROCKEFELLER (for him- further delay in the effective date of tion at the rate computed in accordance with section 4318(b)(3) of title 38. Proper adjust- self and Mr. SIMPSON): the pension provisions. S. 831. A bill to amend the Internal ment shall be made to the amount deter- Mr. President, our introduction of mined under the preceding sentence for any Revenue Code of 1986 to clarify the tax this bill today is the initial step in elective deferrals actually made during the treatment of certain contributions seeking to fulfill the pledges made last period of such qualified military service. made pursuant to veterans’ reemploy- fall. I look forward to working with ‘‘(C) ELECTIVE DEFERRAL.—For purposes of ment; to the Committee on Finance. Senator SIMPSON and all the members this paragraph, the term ‘elective deferral’ THE VETERANS’ REEMPLOYMENT RIGHTS ACT OF of the Finance Committee on this leg- has the meaning given to such term by sec- 1995 islation. tion 402(g)(3); except that such term shall in- ∑ Mr. ROCKEFELLER. Mr. President, I Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- clude any deferral of compensation under an am today introducing, with the cospon- sent that the text of the bill we are in- eligible deferred compensation plan (as de- fined in section 457(b)). sorship of my good friend from Wyo- troducing be printed in the RECORD. ‘‘(3) LOAN REPAYMENT SUSPENSIONS PER- ming, AL SIMPSON, chairman of the There being no objection, the bill was MITTED.—If any plan suspends the repayment ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as Senate Committee on Veterans’ Af- of any loan made to an individual for the pe- fairs, legislation that involves a matter follows: riod while such individual is performing related to the Uniformed Services Em- S. 831 qualified military service, such suspension ployment and Reemployment Rights Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- shall not be taken into account for purposes Act of 1994 [USERRA], Public Law 103– resentatives of the United States of America in of section 72(p). 353. This landmark rewrite of a 1940’s Congress assembled, ‘‘(4) QUALIFIED MILITARY SERVICE.—For pur- law, which provides employment pro- SECTION 1. TREATMENT OF CERTAIN CONTRIBU- poses of this subsection, the term ‘qualified TIONS MADE PURSUANT TO VET- tections to returning servicemembers, military service’ means any service in the ERANS’ REEMPLOYMENT RIGHTS. uniformed services (as defined in chapter 43 was derived from legislation reported (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 414 of the Inter- of title 38, United States Code) by any indi- by the House and Senate Veterans’ Af- nal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by add- vidual if such individual is entitled to reem- fairs Committees. There was one issue, ing at the end the following new subsection: ployment rights under such chapter 43, with ‘‘(u) SPECIAL RULES RELATING TO VET- however, related to USERRA which respect to such service. ERANS’ REEMPLOYMENT RIGHTS.— falls under the jurisdiction of the Fi- ‘‘(1) TREATMENT OF CERTAIN REQUIRED CON- ‘‘(5) INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNT PLAN.—For pur- nance Committee, a committee on TRIBUTIONS.—If any contribution is made by poses of this subsection, the term ‘individual which AL SIMPSON and I also serve. It an employer under an individual account account plan’ means any defined contribu- was not possible to get this issue re- plan with respect to an employee and such tion plan and any eligible deferred com- solved last year before final passage of contribution is required by reason of such pensation plan (as defined in section the USERRA legislation, and the bill employee’s rights under chapter 43 of title 457(b)).’’. we are introducing today would accom- 38, United States Code, resulting from quali- (b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment fied military service— made by subsection (a) shall take effect as of plish that goal. ‘‘(A) such contribution shall not be subject September 2, 1974, and shall apply to plans as Mr. President, the matter in question to any otherwise applicable limitation con- if such amendment were enacted on such relates to provisions in USERRA which tained in section 402(g), 403(b), 404(a), 408, 415, date as part of section 414 of the Internal address a returning servicemember’s or 457, and Revenue Code of 1954.∑

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00066 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7015 By Mr. GRAHAM: ent hospitals, on average, have margins ices furnished by medicare dependent hos- S. 832. A bill to require the Prospec- 3 percent below the average Medicare pitals have the same access and quality of tive Payment Assessment Commission margin. In effect, these hospitals would care as medicare beneficiaries who are fur- to develop separate applicable percent- seem to pay a penalty for their service nished services by subsection (d) hospitals which are not medicare dependent hospitals. age increases to ensure that Medicare to the elderly. (2) ANNUAL REVIEW OF MEDICARE MARGINS.— beneficiaries who receive services from In fact, due to low margins, limited The Commission shall develop the rec- Medicare-dependent hospitals receive ability to cost shift and payments from ommended methods under paragraph (1)(B) the same quality of care and access to all payors ratcheting down, Medicare- after annually reviewing the average medi- services as Medicare beneficiaries in dependent hospitals will have to either care margins in medicare dependent hos- other hospitals, and for other purposes; close or reduce services. In either case, pitals and the impact of such medicare mar- to the Committee on Finance. the ultimate losers will be the Medi- gins on the medicare dependent hospitals’ overall profit margins. THE MEDICARE DEPENDENT HOSPITAL RELIEF care beneficiaries these hospitals serve. ACT OF 1995 I urge my colleagues to support this SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS. ∑ Mr. GRAHAM. Mr. President, I intro- legislation and ask unanimous consent In this Act, the following definitions apply: duce timely legislation that addresses to have the bill printed in the RECORD. (1) MEDICARE BENEFICIARY.—The term the problems of a special class of in- There being no objection, the bill was ‘‘medicare beneficiary’’ means an individual stitutions—Medicare-dependent hos- who is entitled to benefits under part A of ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as title XVIII of the Social Security Act (42 pitals—that have Medicare patient follows: U.S.C. 1395c et seq.). loads of 60 percent or more. These hos- S. 832 (2) MEDICARE DEPENDENT HOSPITAL.—The pitals, both rural and urban, have sig- Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- term ‘‘medicare dependent hospital’’ means nificantly higher Medicare losses and resentatives of the United States of America in any subsection (d) hospital— lower overall margins than other hos- Congress assembled, (A) that is not classified as a sole commu- pitals. This problem, particularly in SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. nity hospital under section 1886(d)(5)(D) of light of Medicare payment reductions This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Medicare the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. in this year’s forthcoming budget rec- Dependent Hospital Relief Act of 1995’’. 1395ww(d)(5)(D)); and onciliation package, threatens the via- SEC. 2. DEVELOPMENT OF SEPARATE APPLICA- (B) for which not less than 60 percent of its inpatient days were attributable to medicare bility of these hospitals and the access BLE PERCENTAGE INCREASES FOR MEDICARE DEPENDENT HOSPITALS beneficiaries during 2 of the last 3 preceding to and quality of services to Medicare AND OTHER HOSPITALS BY THE fiscal years for which data is available. beneficiaries. PROSPECTIVE PAYMENT ASSESS- (3) MEDICARE MARGIN.— MENT COMMISSION. The legislation I am introducing in (A) IN GENERAL.—The term ‘‘medicare mar- conjunction with my good friend, Flor- (a) DEVELOPMENT OF SEPARATE APPLICABLE gin’’ means for a fiscal year the ratio ex- ida Congressman CLAY SHAW, is called PERCENTAGE INCREASES.— pressed as a percentage equal to— the Medicare Dependent Hospital Re- (1) IN GENERAL.—The Prospective Payment (i) the difference between all medicare rev- Assessment Commission established under lief Act of 1995. The bill would simply enues paid to a hospital for the operating section 1886(e)(2) of the Social Security Act costs of inpatient hospital services in a fiscal require that the Prospective Payment (42 U.S.C. 1395ww(e)(2)) (in this section re- Advisory Commission [ProPAC], in ad- year and all medicare program eligible ex- ferred to as the ‘‘Commission’’) shall, in ac- penses for such operating costs for such fis- dition to its recommendations on pay- cordance with paragraph (2), develop for fis- cal year (as shown by each hospital’s HCFA ment rate updates for all hospitals, cal year 1997 and each fiscal year thereafter 2552 report submitted annually to the Health makes a separate recommendation on separate applicable percentage increases de- Care Financing Administration); divided by scribed in section 1886(b)(3)(B) of such Act (42 updates for Medicare-dependent hos- (ii) all medicare revenues paid to the hos- U.S.C. 1395ww(b)(3)(B)) for medicare depend- pitals. This recommendation would be pital for the operating costs of inpatient hos- ent hospitals and subsection (d) hospitals pital services for such fiscal year. required to be budget neutral. which are not medicare dependent hospitals. (B) OPERATING COSTS OF INPATIENT HOS- In addition, the bill would require (2) EQUALIZATION OF MEDICARE MARGINS.— PITAL SERVICES.—The term ‘‘operating costs ProPAC’s annual report to Congress to The Commission shall develop separate ap- of inpatient hospital services’’ has the mean- include recommendations ensuring plicable percentage increases under para- ing given such term in section 1886(a)(4) of that beneficiaries served by Medicare- graph (1) such that, if such increases were in the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. effect, the estimated average annual medi- dependent hospitals retain the same 1395ww(a)(4)). access and quality of care as Medicare care margins of all medicare dependent hos- pitals in furnishing inpatient hospital serv- (4) SUBSECTION (D) HOSPITAL.—The term beneficiaries nationwide. ‘‘subsection (d) hospital’’ has the meaning The need for this legislation is rather ices to medicare beneficiaries in such fiscal year would be equal to the average annual given such term in section 1886(d)(1)(B) of the simple. In 1992, ProPac estimates that medicare margins of all subsection (d) hos- Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. ∑ Medicare payments were $11 billion pitals which are not medicare dependent hos- 1395ww(d)(1)(B)). below the level needed to fully cover pitals in furnishing inpatient hospital serv- By Mr. HATCH (for himself, Mr. the cost of treating Medicare bene- ices to medicare beneficiaries in such fiscal BAUCUS, Mr. DOLE, Mr. CAMP- ficiaries. For the Nation’s 1,400 Medi- year. BELL, Mrs. FEINSTEIN, Mr. care-dependent hospitals, their high (3) BUDGET NEUTRALITY.—The Commission COHEN, Mr. COCHRAN, Mr. KYL, Medicare patient loads limits their shall provide that the separate applicable Mr. BENNETT, Mr. CRAIG, Mr. ability to cost shift to other payors. In percentage increases developed under para- D’AMATO, Mr. BURNS, Mr. graph (1) would, if in effect, not result in ag- those hospitals with 80 percent Medi- ROCKEFELLER, and Mrs. BOXER): gregate payments under section 1886 of the S. 833. A bill to amend the Internal care patients, this is particularly dif- Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395ww) to ficult—if not impossible. Revenue Code of 1986 to more accu- medicare dependent hospitals and subsection rately codify the depreciable life of As the March 1995 ProPAC report (d) hospitals which are not medicare depend- semiconductor manufacturing equip- notes: ent hospitals for the furnishing of inpatient ment; to the Committee on Finance. The ability to use cost shifting to fill the hospital services in a fiscal year in excess of THE SEMICONDUCTOR INVESTMENT ACT OF 1995 revenue gap where Medicare cost increases the aggregate payments under such section exceed payment increases varies across hos- to such hospitals in such fiscal year if such Mr. HATCH. Mr. President, I rise pitals. Facilities that treat larger shares of increases were not in effect. today to introduce the Semiconductor Medicare, Medicaid and uninsured patients (b) REPORTS.— Investment Act of 1995. I am joined by have a lesser ability to cost shift to the pri- (1) IN GENERAL.—Beginning in March 1996, Senators BAUCUS, DOLE, CAMPBELL, vate sector. In view of growing price com- the Commission shall, in each of the Com- FEINSTEIN, COHEN, COCHRAN, KYL, BEN- petition in the marketplace, these facilities mission’s March reports to the Congress re- NETT, CRAIG, D’AMATO, BURNS, ROCKE- will face a greater risk of declining margins, quired under section 1886(e)(3) of the Social FELLER, and BOXER. This bill is de- which eventually could threaten their finan- Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395ww(e)(3)), in- signed to help the American semicon- cial viability and their ability to care for clude— ductor industry compete globally by Medicare beneficiaries. (A) the separate applicable percentage in- shortening the depreciable life of semi- creases developed by the Commission under conductor manufacturing equipment According to 1992 cost reports, profit subsection (a)(1) for the upcoming fiscal from 5 years to 3. Congresswoman margins for hospitals ranged from posi- year; and NANCY JOHNSON of Connecticut has in- tive margins as great as 12 percent to (B) recommendations on methods to ensure troduced identical legislation in the losses of 17 percent. Medicare-depend- that medicare beneficiaries who receive serv- House of Representatives.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00067 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7016 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 The U.S. semiconductor industry em- example of the industry’s job-creating the out-of-control government spend- ploys more than 200,000 Americans, capacity. Thousands of Utahns earn ing programs that have put our coun- sells over $40 billion of products annu- their living in the State’s flourishing try on the path to a fiscal disaster. ally, and currently controls 40 percent semiconductor industry. Firms such as Of all the spending programs imple- of the world market. Its products form Micron Technology, National Semicon- mented by the Federal Government, I the foundation of practically every ductor, and Varian have reinforced do not know of a group that has been a electronic device used today. The Utah’s strong position in high-tech- bigger failure than those collectively American semiconductor industry is a nology industries. With the fair tax known as welfare. President Johnson’s success story because it has invested treatment this bill brings, all Utahns War on Poverty, although launched heavily in the most productive, cut- can look forward to a more secure and with good intentions, has failed. And in ting-edge technology available, and prosperous future. many ways it has made the plight of currently spends a full 25 percent of its Mr. President, the Semiconductor In- the poor worse instead of better. revenues on capital investment. Unfor- vestment Act of 1995 will help level the The problem is not a lack of spend- tunately, Mr. President, our semicon- playing field between U.S. and foreign ing. Welfare spending has cost tax- ductor industry is threatened. semiconductor manufacturers, and pro- payers $5.3 trillion in constant 1993 dol- While the equipment used to manu- vides fair tax treatment to an industry lars since 1965, when the War on Pov- facture semiconductors has a useful that is one of the Nation’s greatest erty began. Currently, the Federal life of only about 3 years, current tax success stories of recent years. I hope Government runs approximately 76 depreciation rules require that cost of that my fellow Senators will join me in means-tested welfare programs, at a the equipment be written off over a full supporting this legislation. Mr. Presi- cost in 1994 of $350 billion. And this 5 years. The Semiconductor Invest- dent, I ask unanimous consent that the amount is projected to reach $538 bil- ment Act would correct this flaw, Mr. bill be printed in the RECORD. lion by 1999 if current trends continue. President, by allowing equipment used There being no objection, the bill was A simple commonsense principle has in the manufacture of semiconductors ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as gotten our Nation and the poor into to be depreciated over a more appro- follows: the present fix: You get more of what priate 3-year period. Given the massive S. 833 you pay for. And for the past 30 years level of investment in the semicon- Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- we have subsidized and thus promoted ductor industry, accurate depreciation resentatives of the United States of America in self-destructive behavior like illegit- is critical to industry success. Congress assembled, imacy and family disintegration. The key reason for this 3-year depre- SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This explosion in entitlement spend- ciation period is that the equipment This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Semicon- ing has fueled an entitlement men- used to make semiconductors grows ductor Investment Act of 1995’’. tality. Millions of Americans live day technologically obsolete more quickly SEC. 2. 3-YEAR DEPRECIABLE LIFE FOR SEMI- after day, month after month and year than does other manufacturing equip- CONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING after year on paychecks from the gov- ment. Mr. President, recent research EQUIPMENT. ernment and give nothing in return— indicates that semiconductor manufac- (a) IN GENERAL.—Subparagraph (A) of sec- except their assurance that they will tion 168(e)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of turing equipment almost completely 1986 (relating to classification of property) is stay poor, and continue to fuel the gov- loses its ability to produce sellable amended by striking ‘‘and’’ at the end of ernment poverty machine. products after only 3 years. Today’s 5- clause (i), by striking the period at the end What is needed is a dramatic change, year period simply doesn’t reflect re- of clause (ii) and inserting ‘‘, and’’, and by a reversal of the trends of the last 30 ality. A quicker write-off period would adding at the end the following new clause: years. help semiconductor manufacturers fi- ‘‘(iii) any semiconductor manufacturing Today, I intend to re-introduce a wel- nance the large investment in equip- equipment.’’ fare reform bill similar to one which I (b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.— introduced last year with Senator ment they need for the next generation (1) Subparagraph (B) of section 168(e)(3) of of products. the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended GRASSLEY and Senator BROWN. The bill The National Advisory Committee on by striking clause (ii) and by redesignating has three central purposes: to reduce Semiconductors reinforced this conclu- clauses (iii), (iv), (v), and (vi) as clauses (ii), illegitimacy, promote work, and con- sion. Congress founded the committee (iii), (iv), and (v), respectively. trol the growth of welfare costs. in 1988, and it consisted of Presidential (2) Subparagraph (B) of section 168(g)(3) of The bill will convert 67 means-tested appointees from both the public and such Code is amended by striking the fol- welfare programs into a single block private sectors. In 1992, the committee lowing: grant to the States. Spending on this recommended a 3-year depreciation pe- ‘‘(B)(ii) ...... 5’’ block grant, and several other Federal riod and stated that the shift from a 5- and inserting the following: programs, will be subject to an aggre- year to a 3-year schedule would in- ‘‘(A)(iii) ...... 3’’. gate cap of 3 percent per year. crease the industry’s annual capital in- (c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments This single block grant will give vestment rate by a full 11 percent. made by this section shall apply to equip- States the flexibility to design pro- By comparison, Japan, Taiwan, and ment placed in service after the date of the grams which meet the specific needs of Korea employ much more generous de- enactment of this Act. their poor citizens. If one State has had preciation schedules for similar equip- particular success with the Head Start ment, and all three nations provide By Mr. FAIRCLOTH (for himself, Program, for example, and the State stiff competition for America’s semi- Mr. DOLE, Mr. LOTT, Mr. wanted to double the Head Start budg- conductor manufacturers. For example, BROWN, Mr. BURNS, Mr. CRAIG, et or triple it, they could do so, as long under Japanese law, a company can de- Mr. HATCH, Mr. HELMS, Mr. as the aggregate cap held growth to 3 preciate up to 88 percent of its semi- KEMPTHORNE, Mr. MCCONNELL, percent. conductor equipment cost in the first and Mr. THURMOND): Welfare should no longer be a one- year, while United States law permits S. 834. A bill to restore the American way handout which destroys the desire a mere 20-percent depreciation over the family, reduce illegitimacy, and reduce of able-bodied people to work. Real re- same period. When multinational semi- welfare dependence; to the Committee form would tansform welfare into a conductor firms are deciding where to on Finance. system of mutual responsibility in invest, a depreciation gap this large THE REAL WELFARE REFORM ACT OF 1995 which welfare recipients who can work can be decisive. Mr. FAIRCLOTH. Mr. President, be- would be required to contribute some- This legislation will help ensure that fore coming to the Senate I spent 45 thing back to society in return for as- America’s semiconductor industry re- years in the private sector meeting a sistance given. tains its hard-earned preeminence, a payroll as a businessman and a farmer. My proposal will require able-bodied preeminence that yields abundant op- Every year I watched as the Congress welfare recipients to work in return for portunities for high-wage, high-skill went into session and adjourned, leav- their benefits. By 1997, the second year employment. Mr. President, my home ing it more difficult for working tax- after enactment, half of all welfare State of Utah, provides an outstanding payers to make ends meet because of beneficiaries will be required to do

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00068 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7017 community service or to work in public tain public-health functions for the re- border States’ abilities to respond to or private sector jobs in return for gion along the international border the health and environmental risks their benefits. with Mexico, and for other purposes; to facing all citizens. This bill would target work require- the Committee on Labor and Human I urge my colleagues to support this ments first on the most employable Resources. important legislation that is critical to welfare recipients: single, able-bodied SOUTHWEST PUBLIC LABORATORY ACT the health of citizens not only along males, married couples receiving bene- ∑ Mrs. HUTCHISON. Mr. President, I the southern border but also across the fits, and single mothers of older chil- introduce legislation that is critically United States. The health and environ- dren. The last group effected would be needed along our southern border. The mental problems along the border do the least employable recipients: single Southwest Public Health Laboratory not check with customs or immigra- mothers of preschool children. This Act was approved by the Senate last tion before crossing the border. The avoids the extremely high cost of child year as part of S. 1569, the Disadvan- Southwest Border Health Laboratory is care associated with putting these taged Minority Health Improvement an essential component in battling young mothers to work. Act. Unfortunately, Congress never these risks before they have a chance One of the most insidious aspects of completed action on S. 1569 and con- to spread beyond the border.∑ the welfare system is its destructive ef- sequently the grave health and envi- fect on the family. Our welfare system By Mr. EXON: ronmental risks along the United S. 836. A bill to authorize appropria- tells a young unwed mother, in effect, States-Mexico border continue to tions for pipeline safety for fiscal years that she can collect up to $15,000 per spread. 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999, and for other This legislation will allow for the es- year in benefits as long as she does not purposes; to the Committee on Com- tablishment and operation of State work or marry an employed male. merce, Science, and Transportation. Under such conditions, it makes more health and environmental labs along THE PIPELINE SAFETY ACT OF 1995 sense to remain unmarried. Welfare has the United States-Mexico border. The ∑ Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I am transformed the low-income working grants made available by this act will pleased to introduce by request the ad- husband from a necessary breadwinner support and leverage the important ministration’s proposed pipeline safety laboratory work our border States are into a net financial handicap. bill. When the Great Society antipoverty already providing. Currently, all the This legislation builds on a con- programs were instituted in 1965, the border States suffer from a critical tinuing record of success that adminis- out-of-wedlock birth rate in the United shortage of environmental and occupa- trations of both parties and the Con- States was 7 percent. Thirty years tional health monitoring. The labora- gress have made in ensuring the safe later the rate has jumped to 30 percent. tory services provided by this legisla- operation of America’s vast network of At this rate of growth it is projected to tion will support both local and State natural gas, petroleum, water, and reach 50 percent by the year 2015, an health and environmental agencies. As other types of pipelines. alarming prospect by anyone’s stand- population and commerce increases Pipeline safety is one of the lesser ards. Fifty percent, Mr. President. along the border as a result of our com- known, but more important respon- That means that, within just 20 years, mitment to hemispheric free trade, the sibilities of the Senate Commerce Com- half of all American children could be need for state-of-the-art laboratory ca- mittee. As a former chairman of the born to single women. pacity will only increase. Senate Surface Transportation Sub- Real welfare reform must discourage We have all seen the media accounts committee I am proud of the progress destructive behavior and encourage from California to New Mexico to we have made in advancing safety. constructive behavior. Starting pro- Texas spotlighting the deplorable envi- With this legislation, the Congress can spectively 1 year after enactment, the ronmental conditions along the border. open a new chapter of safety. bill would eliminate direct welfare sub- Beyond those television reports are This legislation gives the Secretary sidies—except medical aid—to unmar- millions of border residents, primarily of Transportation authority to make ried women under age 21 who have chil- minority, who are subject to health grants to States to encourage the adop- dren out of wedlock. State govern- risks incumbent to these conditions. tion of effective comprehensive one- ments may use Federal block grant We are already aware of some of call legislation. It also authorizes the funds to develop alternative strategies these risks, such as polluted water Secretary to enter into cooperative for assisting children born out of wed- sources, untreated sewage, and pes- agreements with the private sector to lock. The bill also encourages marriage ticides, but there are others we may bring new efficiencies to pipeline safe- by providing a tax credit to low-income not be aware of simply because there ty research, risk assessment, and map- married couples with children where at are not enough facilities to analyze ping. least one parent is employed. them. In a time of tight budgets, the bill We all recognize the need, and share Let me give you an example of this also introduces the concept of risk the desire, to reverse the corrupting in- problem from my home State of Texas. management to pipeline safety activi- centives in our current welfare system. In the Lower Rio Grande Valley of ties. With fewer dollars available the Welfare recipients must work for their Texas, researchers obtained samples of Congress must be certain that we get benefits, and must not have children fish from nearby waterways, a regular the most bang for the buck or more ap- that they cannot support. This is the staple of many local diets, and it was propriately, in the area of energy pipe- foundation on which real welfare re- determined that the edible tissue of the line safety, we need to get no bang for form rests, and welfare legislation that fish contained an unacceptable amount the buck. does not address both of these issues of the highly toxic chemical PCB. After Mr. President, as a member of the does not represent true reform. further analysis, the Texas Department subcommittee with jurisdiction over Finally, the Senate will soon take up of Health promptly issued an advisory this important legislation, I want to welfare reform, and we must be willing strongly recommending that fish taken mention some areas of concern which I to make the kinds of tough decisions from the waterways and reservoirs in would like our committee to address. necessary to reduce illegitimacy and the area may not be eaten. In the area of mapping of pipeline loca- promote work, or we will condemn yet Of course, this discovery and analysis tions, the Congress must assure that another generation to the crippling ef- was given prompt attention. However, public and private funds are not wasted fects of welfare dependency. The cur- there are many potential risks along on duplicative efforts. The Govern- rent state of our welfare system de- the border that are going unchecked. ment’s mapping needs must be better mands that we take immediate action, There simply is more work of that na- coordinated with the private sector and but we must do so with a clear purpose, ture in the United States-Mexico bor- existing mapping operations within the in mind. der area than there are facilities to do U.S. Government. There is no need to it. There is an intolerable potential reinvent the wheel when it comes to By Mrs. HUTCHISON: cost—the health of the citizens in the pipeline mapping. S. 835. A bill to provide for the oper- border area. So Federal support will I am also concerned about the way ation of laboratories to carry out cer- mean badly needed improvement in the pipeline safety user fees are calculated

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00069 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7018 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 for natural gas suppliers in rural areas. that rulemaking regarding a subject listed in $10,968,000 for the fiscal year ending Sep- The Federal Energy Regulatory Com- subsection (a)(3) is not practicable, appro- tember 30, 1996, and such sums as may be mission [FERC] maintains a fee sched- priate, or reasonable, the Secretary shall necessary for fiscal years 1997, 1998, and 1999.’’; ule for their activities which more fair- transmit to Congress, not later than 60 days after the date of such determination, an ex- (3)(A) by striking the heading of subsection ly takes into account the risk, volume, planation of the reasons for that determina- (c) and inserting in lieu thereof ‘‘STATE PIPE- and economics of serving rural areas. I tion. LINE SAFETY GRANTS.—’’; have urged the Department of Trans- ‘‘(c) Not later than 18 months after the (B) by striking ‘‘title:’’ and all that follows portation to consider the FERC sched- date of enactment of the Pipeline Safety Act in subsection (c)(1) and inserting ‘‘title, ule and its appropriateness for their of 1995, the Secretary shall transmit to Con- $15,000,000 for the fiscal year ending Sep- tember 30, 1996, and such sums as may be operations. gress a report including the assessment re- quired under subsection (a) and a plan set- necessary for fiscal years 1997, 1998, 1999.’’; Finally, Mr. President, I am com- (4) by striking subsection (d) and inserting ting forth the actions proposed by the Sec- mitted to enacting a meaningful com- the following: retary to address each risk identified in the prehensive one-call bill. Last year I (d) OTHER TRANSACTIONS.—Not more than assessment. Within 30 days after any sub- was pleased to propose a compromise the following amounts may be appropriated stantive change to the action plan, including to the Secretary to carry out section 60117(1) and work with Senators BRADLEY and the addition or deletion of any subject or ac- of this title: $5,000,000 for the fiscal year end- LAUTENBERG to enact comprehensive tion in the plan, the Secretary shall inform ing September 30, 1996, and such sums as may one-call legislation. Meaningful call- Congress in writing of the reasons for the be necessary for fiscal years 1997, 1998, and before-you-dig programs will save change.’’. 1999.’’; and lives, dollars, and productivity. I would SEC. 102. ONE CALL NOTIFICATION SYSTEMS. (5) by adding at the end the following new certainly support the addition of the Section 60114 (relating to one-call notifica- subsection: ‘‘(g) SPECIAL PROJECTS.—For each of fiscal Bradley-Exon bill to this legislation. tion systems) is amended by striking sub- sections (b) and (d), and redesignating sub- years 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999, not more than That bill represents the one-call com- $500,000 or 0.5 percent of the amount appro- promise worked out last year. sections (c) and (e) as (b) and (d), respec- tively. priated annually to carry out chapter 601, Mr. President, I look forward to the whichever is less, may be appropriated to the swift enactment of pipeline safety leg- SEC. 103. INTERNATIONAL UNIFORMITY. Secretary to fund special projects under- Section 60117 (relating to administration) islation this year and ask unanimous taken jointly with other offices within the is amended by adding at the end the fol- Department to improve the administration consent that the text of the bill and a lowing new subsection: section-by-section analysis prepared by of transportation safety programs.’’. ‘‘(k) INTERNATIONAL UNIFORMITY OF STAND- SEC. 107. TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS. the Department of Transportation be ARDS.— (a) Section 60105 is amended by inserting included in the RECORD. ‘‘(1) PARTICIPATION IN INTERNATIONAL FO- ‘‘PIPELINE SAFETY PROGRAM’’ after ‘‘STATE’’ There being no objection, the mate- RUMS.—Subject to guidance and direction in the heading. rial was ordered to be printed in the from the Secretary of State, the Secretary of (b) Section 60106 is amended by inserting RECORD, as follows: Transportation may participate in inter- ‘‘PIPELINE SAFETY’’ after ‘‘STATE’’ in the national forums that establish or rec- S. 836 heading. ommend pipeline safety standards for trans- (c) Section 60107 is amended by inserting Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- porting natural gas and hazardous liquids. ‘‘PIPELINE SAFETY’’ after ‘‘STATE’’ in the resentatives of the United States of America in ‘‘(2) CONSULTATION.—The Secretary of heading. Congress assembled, Transportation may consult with interested (d) Section 60114(a)(9) is amended by strik- SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. authorities to ensure that, to the extent ing ‘‘, 60122, and 60123’’ and inserting ‘‘and This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Pipeline practicable, regulations the Secretary pre- 60122’’. Safety Act of 1995.’’ scribes under this chapter are consistent TITLE II—AVIATION TARIFF SEC. 2. AMENDMENT OF TITLE 49, UNITED with standards related to pipeline safety AMENDMENT STATES CODE. transportation adopted by international au- SEC. 201. AVIATION TARIFF AMENDMENT. Except as otherwise expressly provided, thorities. whenever in this Act an amendment or re- Section 40114(b) (relating to reports and ‘‘(3) DIFFERENCES WITH INTERNATIONAL records), is amended— peal is expressed in terms of an amendment STANDARDS AND REQUIREMENTS.—The section (1) by striking ‘‘The Secretary’’ in the sec- to, or a repeal of, a section or other provi- does not require the Secretary to prescribe a ond sentence and inserting ‘‘With the excep- sion, the reference shall be considered to be standard identical to, less stringent than, or tion of tariffs, the Secretary; and’’ made to a section or other provision of title more stringent than a standard adopted by (2) by inserting ‘‘The Secretary shall en- 49, United States Code. an international authority or otherwise sure that tariff records are available to the TITLE I—PIPELINE SAFETY limit the Secretary’s discretion in issuing public on a permanent basis.’’ after the sec- AMENDMENTS standards.’’. ond sentence. SEC. 101. RISK MANAGEMENT. SEC. 104. GENERAL AUTHORITY. TITLE III—HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Chapter 601 is amended by adding at the Section 60117 (relating to administration), AMENDMENTS end the following new section: as amended by section 103, is further amend- SEC. 301. HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AMENDMENTS. ‘‘§ 60126. Risk Management ed by adding at the end the following new (a) Section 5107(j)(4)(A) (relating to em- ‘‘(a) The Secretary shall, based on informa- subsection: ployee training requirements) is amended by tion collected and maintained by the Sec- ‘‘(l) FUNDING AUTHORITY.—To carry out striking ‘‘section 5127(c)(3)’’ and inserting retary, conduct an assessment of the risk to this chapter, the Secretary may enter into ‘‘section 5127(b)(1)’’. public safety and the environment posed by grants, cooperative agreements, and other (b) Section 5116(j)(4)(A) (relating to supple- pipeline transportation. The assessment transactions with any person, agency, or in- mental training grants) is amended by strik- shall— strumentality of the United States, any unit ing ‘‘subsection (g)’’ and inserting ‘‘section ‘‘(1) rank the risks identified by the Sec- of State or local government, any edu- 5115’’. retary in terms of their probability of occur- cational institution, and any other entity to (c) Section 5110(e) (relating to retention of rence and their likely consequences, and any further the objectives of this chapter, includ- shipping papers) is amended— other factors the Secretary considers rel- ing the development, improvement, and pro- (1) by striking the heading and inserting evant; motion of one-call damage prevention pro- the following: ‘‘(2) identify, in priority order, technically grams, research, risk assessment, and map- ‘‘(e) Retention of Shipping Papers.—’’; and (2) by striking the first sentence and in- feasible and economically justified actions ping.’’. serting ‘‘A person required to provide a ship- that should be taken to lessen the risks iden- SEC. 105. ANNUAL REPORTS. ping paper to a carrier and a carrier to which tified; and Section 60124 (relating to annual reports) is a shipping paper is provided shall retain, at ‘‘(3) address, at a minimum, the following repealed. or accessible through its principal place of subjects: ‘‘(A) Inspection by internal instrumented SEC. 106. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. business, a paper or electronic image copy of devices. Section 60125 (relating to authorization of each shipping paper for one year from the ‘‘(B) Hydrostatic testing. appropriations) is amended— date the shipping paper has been provided to ‘‘(C) Installation of emergency flow re- (1) by striking ‘‘gas:’’ and all that follows the carrier.’’. stricting devices, including leak detection in subsection (a) and inserting ‘‘gas, systems, for natural gas and hazardous liq- $16,450,000 for the fiscal year ending Sep- SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS uid pipelines. tember 30, 1996, and such sums as may be TITLE I. PIPELINE SAFETY AMENDMENTS ‘‘(D) Inspection and burial of underwater necessary for fiscal years 1997, 1998, and Sections 101 and 102. These sections con- pipelines. 1999.’’; tain the short title for title I of the Act, and ‘‘(b) Notwithstanding any other provision (2) by striking ‘‘liquid:’’ and all that fol- clarify that references in title I to amend- of this chapter, if the Secretary determines lows in subsection (b) and inserting ‘‘liquid, ments of sections or other provisions are

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00070 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7019 considered to be amendments to title 49, This authority is central to execution of In 1989, the Department instituted a sys- United States Code. the Department’s pipeline safety risk man- tem by which air carriers may file inter- Section 103. This section would incorporate agement program for it will enable the agen- national passenger tariffs electronically as in the pipeline safety statute a framework cy to obtain the data it will need continually an alternative to filing paper tariffs. To be for risk management that would facilitate to determine risks, quantify and rank those eligible for the benefits of automated filing, the introduction of risk-based decision- risks, adopt strategies and solutions to meet a carrier is required to accept responsibility making into the pipeline safety program. those risks, and identify available and new for maintaining a secure and accessible on- Basing pipeline safety and environmental de- technologies necessary to keep pace with line tariff database. The major air carriers cisionmaking on risk management principles safety needs. This authority resides in other responded to this opportunity by contracting assures that the safety investments of pipe- Federal agencies, and offers excellent oppor- with tariff publishing agents to manage line operators can be directed to those risks tunities to leverage Federal resources with these electronic filing functions. Currently, that pose the greatest threat to the public other entities who have a role to play in risk the agents’ on-line databases store over 95 and the environment. management and accident prevention. percent of all tariffs. The Department strict- Both the Department and pipeline opera- Section 107. This section would repeal the ly regulates these databases. Filers are re- tors have been working diligently to develop requirement that the Secretary report annu- quired to keep the databases available for national standards for pipeline system risk ally on pipeline safety activities conducted assessment (the tool) and risk management public and departmental access at no cost, under 49 U.S.C. chapter 601. The information secure against destruction, alteration, or (the safety program). In order to accommo- required in this report, and more, is provided tampering, and open to inspection by the De- date this new approach to safety and envi- at least annually to Congress during the ap- partment to ensure security and integrity. ronmental decisionmaking, the traditional propriations process, as well as to the au- The amended section would ensure continued regulatory program framework, which fo- thorizing committees on a periodic basis. In public access to historical tariff data con- cuses almost exclusively on regulations to addition, widespread dissemination of pipe- tained in the database currently used by the address every risk, would be changed. This line safety data is made to our state part- Department. proposal has the benefit of facilitating a de- ners, and is the subject of an increasing termination before a rulemaking or other ac- number of requests under the Freedom of In- Although the Department has met its cus- tion is begun as to what is the best risk-re- formation Act. The time spent to compile todianship requirement by mandating a duction action. In addition, the proposal sup- the report has resulted in the report being at daily tape from the on-line tariff databases, plies the means for determining among iden- least two years out of date by the time it is it stores this data in a fashion that allows tified risks which ones should be addressed issued. The Department’s new data capabili- very limited flexibility in retrieving it. In in what order and with what resources. ties enable it to provide up-to-date informa- contrast, the agents’ databases are modern, Section 104. This section removes the pro- tion on an ‘‘as requested’’ basis in response flexible, and freely accessible to Department vision authorizing grants to States for devel- to routine requests for information. This ca- officials. As a result, the departmental ar- opment of one-call systems. The grant au- pability meets the needs of our stakeholders, chive serves no purpose except to comply thority would be consolidated in 49 U.S.C. while not requiring the resources to assem- with the statutorily-mandated custodianship 60117(1) (discussed in section 106 of this bill). ble what, under the best of circumstances, is requirement. Removing the statutory re- Section 105. This section would allow the outdated information for the annual report. quirement that copies of the tariffs be pre- Secretary to participate in international fo- Section 108. This section would authorize served in the physical custody of the Depart- rums that establish pipeline safety standards appropriations for the Department of Trans- ment would enable the Department to cease for transporting natural gas and hazardous portation to carry out the pipeline safety its duplicative archival efforts and realize a liquids. The Secretary would be authorized provisions of 49 U.S.C. 60101 et seq. For fiscal savings. to consult with international authorities to year 1996, this section would authorize ensure that, to the extent practicable, $16,450,000 for gas, $10,968,000 for hazardous TITLE III. HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AMENDMENTS United States regulations are consistent liquid, and $15,000,000 for State grants. This Section 301. This section amends 49 U.S.C. with international standards. The Secretary provision also authorizes $5,000,000 in fiscal would not be required to adopt identical year 1996 to fund activities conducted under 5107(e) and 5116(j) to correct cross-references. standards and would not be prohibited from section 60117(1) (see discussion under Section This section also amends 49 U.S.C. 5110(e) to adopting more, or less, stringent standards. 106 of the bill), and such sums as may be nec- specify that the one-year retention period Section 106. This section provides the Sec- essary for fiscal years 1997, 1998, and 1999. Fi- for a shipping paper begins when the ship- retary with general authority to enter into nally, for fiscal years 1996 through 1999, this ping paper is provided to a carrier instead of grants, cooperative agreements and other section authorizes not more than $500,000 or when transportation is completed, because it transactions with States, industry, non-prof- 0.5% of the amount appropriated annually to would be very difficult for the originator of it institutions, and other entities to support carry out chapter 601, whichever is less, to a shipment to determine when transpor- ∑ activities that will achieve the objectives of fund special projects. This provision is in- tation of that shipment has been completed. the statute. These activities include, but are tended to provide a small amount of funding not limited to, one-call notification, re- for projects undertaken jointly with other By Mr. WARNER (for himself and search, risk assessment, and mapping. agencies within the Department to improve Mr. ROBB): This section would expand the Secretary’s the administration of transportation safety current authority to make grants to state programs. S. 837. A bill to require the Secretary pipeline safety agencies, by allowing the Section 109. The first three subsections of the Treasury to mint coins in com- Secretary to make grants to other State amend the titles of three sections to clarify memoration of the 250th anniversary of agencies, operators of one-call notification their applicability. Subsection (d) corrects the birth of James Madison; to the systems, and non-profit organizations to ac- one of the requirements for qualified state tively promote the use of one-call notifica- Committee on Banking, Housing, and one-call programs by deleting the reference Urban Affairs. tion systems. Prevention of damage to un- to state adoption of Federal criminal sanc- derground facilities such as pipelines, water tions. The reference was inadvertently added THE JAMES MADISON COMMEMORATIVE COIN ACT and sewer lines, fiber optic cables, and elec- to the list of requirements when the pipeline tric lines represents one of the Nation’s most safety laws were enacted into positive law in Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I rise important and relevant safety initiatives. Pub. L. No. 103–272. today with my good friend, Senator Damage to pipelines from excavation and other powered equipment is the leading TITLE II. AVIATION TARIFF AMENDMENT ROBB, to introduce legislation to estab- cause of pipeline failures. The best oppor- Section 201. This section would amend sec- lish an endowment to be a permanent tunity to avoid damage to underground fa- tion 40114 of title 49, United States Code, source of support for Montpelier, the cilities is through use of one-call systems which sets out the requirements for main- life-long home of James Madison, the whereby excavators can receive information, taining as public records those materials fourth President of the United States before they dig, from a single source about filed with the Department on aviation mat- and the Father of the U.S. Constitu- all underground facilities at risk from the ters, including voluminous international tion. President Madison was the third passenger fare tariff filings. Currently, sec- excavation. However, the effectiveness of generation of his family to live on this state laws and programs and one-call centers tion 40114 requires the Department to main- themselves varies widely throughout the tain physical custody of tariff filings. extensive estate located in the lush country, and the need for uniformity is great In the spirit of reinventing government, Piedmont of Virginia. Montpelier was as many underground facilities, and the ex- the Department has reexamined the manner settled by James Madison’s grand- cavators that threaten them, operate in in which it performs its tariff custodianship parents in 1723 and prospered under the many states and localities. function and found that the costs of the sys- ownership of his parents, James (Sr.) Grants provided for in this provision could tem greatly outweigh the benefits. The De- and Nelly Conway Madison. In 1794, be used to establish, modify, improve, and partment has concluded that the custodian- promote the use of one-call systems, includ- ship requirement, which was first enacted in James Madison, a 43-year-old bachelor, ing publicizing the risks involved in pipeline 1938, has outlived its usefulness to the pub- met and fell in love with Dolley Payne transportation and the benefits of one-call lic, the airline industry, and the Govern- Todd, a 26-year-old widow and mother. systems in addressing those risks. ment. They were married later the same year.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00071 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7020 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 After the completion of his second S. 338 S. 758 Presidential term in 1817, the Madisons At the request of Mr. DASCHLE, the At the request of Mr. HATCH, the retired to Montpelier, where their leg- name of the Senator from Delaware name of the Senator from New Hamp- endary hospitality kept them in touch [Mr. BIDEN] was added as a cosponsor of shire [Mr. SMITH] was added as a co- with world affairs. At his death in 1836, S. 338, a bill to amend title 38, United sponsor of S. 758, a bill to amend the Madison was buried on the estate. Doll- States Code, to extend the period of eli- Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to pro- ey Madison later returned to Wash- gibility for inpatient care for veterans vide for S corporation reform, and for ington where she died in 1849. exposed to toxic substances, radiation, other purposes. Following Madison’s death, the con- or environmental hazards, to extend S. 771 tents of the house were auctioned off. the period of eligibility for outpatient At the request of Mr. PRYOR, the Montpelier then changed hands six care for veterans exposed to such sub- name of the Senator from Louisiana times, until it was purchased in 1900 by stances or hazards during service in the [Mr. JOHNSTON] was added as a cospon- William and Anna Rogers duPont. The Persian Gulf, and to expand the eligi- sor of S. 771, a bill to provide that cer- National Trust for Historic Preserva- bility of veterans exposed to toxic sub- tain Federal property shall be made tion received the property in 1983, and stances or radiation for outpatient available to States for State use before opened it for public tours in 1987 as care. being made available to other entities, part of the celebration of the bicenten- S. 388 and for other purposes. nial of the U.S. Constitution. Today, At the request of Ms. SNOWE, the SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION 31 under the stewardship of the National name of the Senator from South Caro- At the request of Mr. HATCH, the Trust, Montpelier is beginning a long- lina [Mr. THURMOND] was added as a co- name of the Senator from Ohio [Mr. term research and preservation proc- sponsor of S. 388, a bill to amend title DEWINE] was added as a cosponsor of ess. Unfurnished and as yet unrestored, 23, United States Code, to eliminate Senate Joint Resolution 31, A joint res- Montpelier is the focus of a major ar- the penalties for noncompliance by olution proposing an amendment to the chaeological and architectural re- States with a program requiring the Constitution of the United States to search effort. use of motorcycle helmets, and for grant Congress and the States the The legislation which I am intro- other purposes. power to prohibit the physical desecra- ducing today would authorize the U.S. S. 456 tion of the flag of the United States. Mint to produce a commemorative coin At the request of Mr. BRADLEY, the f to honor the 250th birthday of James name of the Senator from Maryland Madison. After recovery of minting and AMENDMENTS SUBMITTED [Ms. MIKULSKI] was added as a cospon- production costs, the proceeds from the sor of S. 456, a bill to improve and sale of the James Madison Commemo- strengthen the child support collection THE CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET rative Coin, conservatively estimated system, and for other purposes. CONCURRENT RESOLUTION at $5 to $10 million, will be used as the core of a capital campaign to establish S. 560 At the request of Mr. DASCHLE, the an endowment and preserve Montpe- ROCKEFELLER (AND OTHERS) name of the Senator from North Da- lier. This campaign will assure the full AMENDMENT NO. 1112 preservation and restoration of Mont- kota [Mr. DORGAN] was added as a co- Mr. ROCKEFELLER (for himself, Mr. pelier and the development of all of the sponsor of S. 560, a bill to amend sec- LAUTENBERG, Mr. KENNEDY, Mr. related programmatic activities. tion 6901 of title 31, United States DASCHLE, Mr. WELLSTONE, Ms. MIKUL- Mr. President, an intensive effort Code, to entitle units of general local SKI, and Mrs. BOXER) proposed an must be mounted to achieve the goal of government to payments in lieu of amendment to the concurrent resolu- securing the future of Montpelier. I am taxes for nontaxable Indian land. tion (S. Con. Res. 13) setting forth the committed to making my colleagues in S. 628 congressional budget for the U.S. Gov- the House and Senate aware of the ben- At the request of Mr. KYL, the name ernment for the fiscal years 1996, 1997, efits to be derived from the minting of of the Senator from Oklahoma [Mr. 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002; as fol- a coin to honor James Madison, and I INHOFE] was added as a cosponsor of S. lows: am confident that this support can be 628, a bill to repeal the Federal estate secured. Our national legislature, in- and gift taxes and the tax on genera- On page 74, strike lines 12 through 24 and tion-skipping transfers. insert the following: ‘‘budget, the spending deed, our Nation, owes a great debt to aggregates shall be revised and other appro- the vision of James Madison. Through- S. 647 priate budgetary allocations, aggregates, and out his life, Montpelier helped shape At the request of Mr. LOTT, the name levels shall be revised to reflect up to 59 per- Madison’s character and values. This of the Senator from Idaho [Mr. KEMP- cent of the additional deficit reduction legislation is an important step toward THORNE] was added as a cosponsor of S. achieved as calculated under subsection (c) bringing all Americans closer to this 647, a bill to amend section 6 of the in budget authority and outlays for legisla- great man. Forest and Rangeland Renewable Re- tion that reduces the adverse effects on medicare and medicaid of— f sources Planning Act of 1974 to require ‘‘(1) increased premiums; phasing in of certain amendments of or ‘‘(2) increased deductibles; ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS revisions to land and resource manage- ‘‘(3) increased copayments; S. 240 ment plans, and for other purposes. ‘‘(4) limits on the freedom to select the doctor of one’s choice; S. 694 At the request of Mr. DOMENICI, the ‘‘(5) reduced quality of health care services name of the Senator from Massachu- At the request of Mr. KYL, the name caused by funding reductions for health care setts [Mr. KERRY] was added as a co- of the Senator from Wyoming [Mr. providers; sponsor of S. 240, a bill to amend the SIMPSON] was added as a cosponsor of ‘‘(6) reduced or eliminated benefits caused Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to es- S. 694, a bill to prevent and punish by restrictions on eligibility or services; or tablish a filing deadline and to provide crimes of sexual and domestic violence, ‘‘(7) closure of hospitals or nursing homes, certain safeguards to ensure that the to strengthen the rights of crime vic- or other harms to health care providers. ‘‘(b) REVISED ALLOCATIONS AND AGGRE- interests of investors are well pro- tims, and for other purposes. GATES.—Upon the reporting of legislation tected under the implied private action S. 738 pursuant to subsection (a), and again upon provisions of the act. At the request of Mr. THOMAS, the the submission of a conference report on S. 245 name of the Senator from Oklahoma such legislation (if a conference report is At the request of Mr. COHEN, the [Mr. NICKLES] was added as a cosponsor submitted), the Chair of the Committee on name of the Senator from Ohio [Mr. of S. 738, a bill to amend the Helium the Budget of the Senate shall submit to the Senate appropriately revised allocations GLENN) was added as a cosponsor of S. Act to prohibit the Bureau of Mines under sections 302(a) and 602(a) of the Con- 245, a bill to provide for enhanced pen- from refining helium and selling re- gressional Budget Act of 1974, budgetary ag- alties for health care fraud, and for fined helium, to dispose of the U.S. he- gregates, and levels under this resolution, re- other purposes. lium reserve, and for other purposes. vised by an amount that does not exceed 59

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00072 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7021 percent of the additional deficit reduction Forest Service’s reinvention proposal the most difficult procurement deci- specified under subsection (d).’’. and the proposed national forest plan- sions before the Department in recent f ning regulations. decades. Her tenure has been marked NOTICE OF HEARINGS The hearing will take place on Thurs- by sound, articulate judgment and day, June 8, 1995, at 2 p.m. in room SD– careful analysis. More importantly, she COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL 366 of the Dirksen Senate Office Build- has further strengthened her reputa- RESOURCES ing in Washington, DC. tion for honesty, integrity, and fair- Mr. MURKOWSKI. Mr. President, I Those wishing to testify or who wish ness—qualities often desired but not al- would like to announce for the infor- to submit written statements, should ways achieved. mation of the Senate and the public write to the Subcommittee on Forests Ms. Slatkin truly deserves our the scheduling of 3 days of field hear- and Public Land Management, Com- thanks for her service to the Nation ings in Alaska before the full Com- mittee on Energy and Natural Re- and the Navy. I wish her well and much mittee on Energy and Natural Re- sources, U.S. Senate, Washington, DC success in her new position at the Cen- sources regarding the implementation 20510. For further information, please tral Intelligence Agency.∑ of the Alaska Native Claims Settle- contact Mark Rey at (202) 224–6170. ment Act and the Alaska National In- f terest Lands Conservation Act. f The first hearing will take place on AUTHORITY FOR COMMITTEES TO NATIONAL DEFENSE Wednesday, May 31, 1995, beginning at MEET TRANSPORTATION DAY ∑ 1:30 p.m. in the auditorium of the An- COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, today, chorage Museum of History and Art, Mr. PACKWOOD. Mr. President, I ask as we celebrate National Defense 121 W. Seventh Avenue, Anchorage, AK unanimous consent that the Com- Transportation Day, I rise to recognize 99501. The committee will receive testi- mittee on Foreign Relations be author- the important contributions that the mony on the regulation of the use of ized to meet during the session of the people who serve in military transpor- Federal lands by inholders, miners, Senate on Friday, May 19, 1995, at 11 tation specialties, as well as those who guides, tour operators, hunters, fisher- a.m. work in the U.S. civil transportation men, and others who had access and The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without industry, have made to the security of use rights protected by the Alaska Na- objection, it is so ordered. our Nation. tional Interest Lands Conservation As our military increasingly becomes SUBCOMMITTEE ON EDUCATION, ARTS AND Act. HUMANITIES a U.S.-based, power projection force, The second hearing will be held on Mr. PACKWOOD. Mr. President, I ask our transportation assets become an Thursday, June 1, 1995, beginning at unanimous consent that the Sub- even more crucial element of the na- 12:30 p.m. at the Elks Club, Wrangell, committee on Education, Arts and Hu- tional defense. Without possessing the AK. Testimony will be received on the manities of the Committee on Labor ability to rapidly and efficiently move impact of administration of the and Human Resources be authorized to our service personnel and their equip- Tongass National Forest on the timber meet for a hearing on the role of busi- ment into an overseas theater of oper- dependent communities and opportuni- ness in vocational education, during ations, all of the money we have spent ties for economic recovery. the session of the Senate on Friday, and all of the effort we have put into The third hearing will be held on Fri- May 19, 1995, at 9:30 a.m. building the strongest armed force in day, June 2, 1995, beginning at 1:30 p.m. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without the world would be for naught. in the Pioneer room of the Carlson objection, it is so ordered. I am sure that we all can vividly re- Center, 2010 Second Avenue, Fairbanks, call the Herculean effort our military AK 99701. Testimony will be received f and civilian transporters made during on the regulation of the use of Federal ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS Operation Desert Shield in moving lands by inholders, miners, guides, tour large numbers of people and massive operators, hunters, fishermen, and oth- amounts of materiel from two con- ers who had access and use rights pro- THE DEPARTURE OF THE HONOR- tinents into the Persian Gulf region, in tected by the Alaska National Interest ABLE NORA SLATKIN, ASSIST- record time. As our military leaders Lands Conservation Act. ANT SECRETARY OF THE NAVY can attest, that transportation capa- Because of the limited time available FOR ACQUISITION bility served as a combat multiplier, for the hearings, witnesses may testify ∑ Mr. DODD. Mr. President, I want to and played a significant role in our de- by invitation only. It will be necessary take a moment to pay tribute to an cisive victory. to place witnesses in panels and place outstanding public servant who will be Today, the many people involved in time limits on oral testimony. Wit- leaving the Department of Defense U.S. defense transportation continue nesses testifying at the hearings are re- today to continue her contributions to the long tradition of excellence in serv- quested to bring three copies of their the Nation at the Central Intelligence ice to the Nation. Whether military or testimony with them on the day of the Agency. This dedicated and thoughtful civilian; manufacturers or operators; hearing. Please do not submit testi- servant needs no formal introduction air transporters, sea transporters, or mony in advance of the hearing. to those familiar with the complexities ground transporters; these Americans The hearing record will remain open of our Nation’s defense budget. I am of represent the very best our Nation has for 2 weeks following each hearing. If course speaking of Assistant Secretary to offer. I commend them for their hard you wish to submit a written state- of the Navy for Acquisition, Ms. Nora work and their many contributions to ment for the hearing record, please Slatkin. national security. send one copy of your statement to the In the years preceding her appoint- I would also like to take this oppor- Committee on Energy and Natural Re- ment to the Department of the Navy, tunity to recognize the National De- sources, U.S. Senate, Washington, DC Ms. Slatkin served as a senior staff fense Transportation Association 20510. member and adviser to Les Aspin, then [NDTA], headquartered in Alexandria, For further information regarding chairman of the House Armed Services VA. Within a membership of over 8,000 the hearings, please contact Andrew Committee. During her tenure with the people, configured into 70 chapters Lundquist or Mark Rey at 202–224–6170. committee, Ms. Slatkin often staffed within the United States and overseas, SUBCOMMITTEE ON FORESTS AND PUBLIC LAND the most difficult of hearings involving the NDTA has served as a catalyst in MANAGEMENT not only current program acquisition, building the critically important mili- Mr. CRAIG. Mr. President, I would but research and development invest- tary-private sector partnership for de- like to announce for the information of ments for the future. She is truly one fense transportation. In this, its 51st the Senate and the public that an over- of our Nation’s brightest stars in de- year, NDTA continues to play a vital sight hearing has been scheduled before fense policy. role in keeping the American defense the Subcommittee on Forests and Pub- As Assistant Secretary of the Navy, transportation capability the best in lic Land Management to review the Ms. Slatkin has presided over some of the world.

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00073 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7022 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 Mr. President, I trust my colleagues School; Michael McManus, N. Cumberland seph of Cluny; Matthew Twomey, Matunuck will join me today in saluting the Middle School; Johanna Anderson, St. Philip Elementary School; Heather Jordan, NDTA, and all Americans working in School; Justin Shilad, Lincoln Central Ele- Potowomut School; Joseph Apollonio, Notre defense transportation, on National mentary School; and Michelle Beauregard, Dame Regional. Wickford Middle School. Iran Anderson, Hope Valley Elementary; Defense Transportation Day.∑ GROUP B Andrew Payne, Jamestown School; Chris- f Amy Tibbetts, The Wheeler School; Mi- topher McGuire, Hope Highlands Elemen- chael Broomhead, Barrington Middle School; tary; Ariel Mae Lambe, The Gordon School; THREE CHEERS FOR THE RHODE Mark Scott, Oak Lawn School; Kelly ISLAND GEOGRAPHY BEE Adina Shafner, Providence Hebrew Day School; Adam Hommeyer, Archie R. Cole Jr. Duchesne, St. Matthew Notre Dame School; ∑ Mr. CHAFEE. Mr. President, I would High School; Lauren De Sillier, Babcock Anthony Izzo, Scituate Middle School; Mi- like to commend all the students who Middle School; Jake Cahalan, John F. chael Gagne, Woonsocket Middle School; Deering Middle School; Katelain Kelly, St. Gregory Nannig, Hamilton School; and Sean participated in the Rhode Island finals Brislin, Calcutt Middle School. of the 1995 National Geography Bee Mary Academy Bay View; Seraph Townsend, CONTRIBUTORS that took place at Rhode Island College Aldrich Jr. High; Brendan Carroll, Burrillville Middle School; and Michael Has- on April 7. Rhode Island College; Rhode Island Social kell, Fallon Memorial. Studies Association; Rhode Island Federa- The competition included eight pre- Kevin Remillard, St. Joseph Intermediate tion of Teachers; National Education Asso- liminary rounds. The top 10 winners of School; Matthew P. Celeste, George J. Peters ciation of Rhode Island; and Rhode Island the semifinals then competed in the School; Timothy Larson, N. Smithfield Ele- Geography Education Alliance. mentary School; Carey J. Gaughan, The final round. These students received a SPONSORED BY Prout School; Jim King, W. Kingston Ele- medallion from the Rhode Island So- National Geographic World and Chrysler cial Studies Association for their per- mentary School; Stacy Thompsen, Myron J. Francis Elementary; Michael Crittenden, Corporation.∑ formance. Tiverton Middle School; David Tuetkin, f The third place winner was Matthew Raymond C. LaPerche School; Nelson Lawrence from Hugh B. Gain Junior Cordeiro, St. Paul School; and Noah TRIBUTE TO SERGEANT MAJOR OF High School. He received $50, a book Leclaire-Conway, Wakefield Elementary THE ARMY RICHARD A. KIDD School. from National Geographic, and an in- Mr. FORD. Mr. President, today I wish GROUP C flatable globe. Matthew Price of River- to congratulate Sergeant Major of the side Junior High School was the second James Rowe, N. Smithfield Junior-Senior Army [SMA] Richard A. Kidd, who will High; Shaun Russell, Wickford Elementary place winner. He received $75, a book retire on June 30, 1995. SMA Kidd’s from National Geographic, and an in- School; Justin Holmander, Tiogue Elemen- tary School; Matthew S. Gaudette, Our Lady service to our Nation spanned more flatable globe. than 33 years during which he distin- The first place winner was Mitchell of Consolation School; Brandon Cone, Oak Haven Elementary School; Kelsey M. Squire, guished himself as a soldier, leader, Malachowski of Western Hills Junior William J. Underwood Elementary School; mentor, spokesman, and adviser to the High School. As well as receiving $100, Michaela Hamill, Ponaganset Middle School; Chief of Staff of the Army. Let me an atlas, and an inflatable globe, he Adam Pimenta, Colt-Andrews Elementary briefly recount to you the career of will compete in the national finals at School; Jason Clavet, Lincoln Junior-Senior this dedicated and professional soldier. National Geographic Headquarters here High; and Rebekah Ann Charron, Good Shep- herd Middle School. A native of Morehead, KY, and prod- in Washington, DC. His teacher, Mr. uct of a military family, SMA Kidd en- William Morris, will travel with him. Matthew Heffernan, Daniel D. Waterman School; Peter Francis Jones, St. Pius X listed in the U.S. Army in March 1962. Western Hills Junior High School was School; Jill Muratori, Halliwell School; Mi- During his more than three decades of presented with a plaque. chael L. Corsi, John Brown Francis School; loyal service to the Nation, he has held Even more important than the books Elizabeth Moniz, St. Luke School; Mitchell and served in every infantry enlisted and plaques that these students re- Malachowski, Western Hills School; Alyssa leadership position from squad leader Menissian, Park View Jr. High School; Na- ceived, is the knowledge of geography to command sergeant major. He is a they obtained during preparations for than Lapierre, Moses Brown School; Brian F. Houle, James R. D. Oldham School; and Paul combat tested leader with two tours in the competition. As our world grows Vietnam where he served with the 1st smaller through the advances in tech- Kuras, Central Falls Junior-Senior High School. Cavalry Division (1966–67) and returned nology, communications, and transpor- GROUP D as an infantry adviser with the United tation, the study of geography becomes States Military Assistance Command- increasingly significant. Brian Marandola, Conventry Middle School; Christopher J. Fuller, Cranston Vietnam (1970–71). SMA Kidd has also This achievement is an exceptional Johnston Catholic School; Matthew had multiple tours in Korea and Eu- feat. Geography is a very important McKeever, Davisville Middle School; Brian rope. Before becoming the ninth Ser- subject. All the participants have dem- Killoy, Narrangansett Pier School; Matthew geant Major of the Army, he was com- onstrated exceptional knowledge in the Shahlund, St. Matthew School; Emily S. mand sergeant major of I Corps, Amer- field. My heartiest congratulations to Wasser, Garden City Elementary School; Matthew Blanchette, Rocky Hill School; Na- ica’s Corps, and Fort Lewis, WA. He them all. has served as command sergeant major I ask that a list of these students be than Smelser, Old Country Road Elemen- tary; Benjamin Totushek, Barrington Chris- of numerous organizations including printed in the RECORD. tian Academy; and Patrick Hughes, Kent the 9th Aviation Battalion, Fort Lewis, The list follows: Heights School. WA; 2d Battalion, 2d Infantry, South CONTESTANTS IN THE RHODE ISLAND FINALS— David DuBois, Nicholas A. Ferri Middle Korea; Commandant, 1st Armored Divi- 1995 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHY BEE School; Kathleen O’Connor, Msgr. Matthew sion NCO Academy, Katterbach, Ger- GROUP A Clark School; Gregory Baker, Kickemuit many. After his tour in Germany, he Middle School Guiteras Cmp.; Daniel F. Jonathan Greer, Winman Junior High returned to Fort Lewis where he served School; Joseph McDonough, Portsmouth Geary, Cedar Hill Elementary School; David Baich, Jr., Western Conventry School; consecutively as command sergeant Middle School; Sumon Datta, James H. major of the 4th Battalion, 23d Infan- Eldredge School; Paul J. Ring, Mount Saint Brianna Marshall, Bernon Heights Elemen- Charles Academy; Matthew Lawrence, Hugh tary School; Synthia Tonn, Joseph H. try Regiment; 3d Brigade, 9th Infantry B. Bain Jr. High School; Timothy Garceau, Gaudet Middle School; John Neubauer, St. Division [Motorized]; and 9th Infantry St. Cecilia School; Matthew Price, Riverside Pius V School; Michael LeFort, Lonsdale El- Division [Motorized]. Junior High School; Bradley Schoultz, ementary School; and David Brigada, When SMA Kidd was selected to be- Thompson Middle School; Michael Hirth, St. Charlestown Elementary School. come the Army’s senior enlisted rep- Rose of Lima School; and Andrew Watts, GROUP E resentative in July 1991, the cheering George Hanaford School. Erik John Chaput, St. Leo the Great Americans and victory parades wel- Mark Roll, Northern Lincoln Elementary; School; Roger Diebold, Hampden Meadows coming home the victors of the Persian Melissa Tamke, St. Anne’s School; Jessica A. School; Eric Rueb, Martin Jr. High; Thomas Scholl, Stony Lane School; Syed Rizwan Ensign DuBois, Our Lady of Mount Carmel Gulf war were but a faint memory. Two Latif, Samuel Slater Jr. High School; Nich- School; Christine Grinavic, Cumberland Mid- short years earlier, the Berlin Wall had olas Rubano, Gallagher Jr. High; Kenneth dle School; Ryan Mullen, Gorton Junior fallen, signaling America’s triumph in Virgil Ward Brown III, Alice M. Waddington High School; John Noyes, Sisters of St. Jo- the 50-year-old cold war and the Army

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00074 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS May 19, 1995 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S7023 was in the midst of a drawdown efforts ment, the NFC is able to provide mort- the bill be placed in the RECORD at the to reduce its size by a third. The big- gage capital at low rates and planning appropriate place. gest challenge facing SMA Kidd was services to keep private investment in The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without communicating the Army’s strategy to local communities. This allows for low objection, it is so ordered. make cuts while, at the same time, income families, even families earning So the bill (H. R. 1421) was deemed to maintaining a quality trained and as low as 30 percent of median income, have been read the third time and ready Army. He focused on providing to own their own homes, a goal most passed. soldiers and their families with accu- Americans share. Mr. EXON. Mr. President, I move to rate and timely information so that To date, over $35 million in private reconsider the vote. they could make educated and in- capital has been raised by the NFC—all Mr. DOMENICI. I move to lay that formed decisions about their future in from the local financial services indus- motion on the table. a shrinking Army. That was achieved try. One notable figure is The Principal The motion to lay on the table was through regular interviews with both Financial Group, which has provided agreed to. internal and external communication investments of over $3 million, con- f print and electronic mediums. In so tinuing funding for operating costs, doing, he established a reputation, and leadership to keep the NFC in the ORDERS FOR MONDAY, MAY 22, trust, and rapport with soldiers and right direction. Financial institutions 1995 their families as a caring leader who like the Principal and others in Des Mr. DOMENICI. I ask unanimous listened and truly represented soldiers. Moines make it possible for commu- consent that when the Senate com- SMA Kidd’s distinguished 33-year ca- nities such as River Bend to become pletes its business today, it stand in re- reer epitomizes the consummate pro- productive and attractive. cess until the hour of 8:30 a.m. on Mon- fessional soldier—one who loves being a Mr. President, I think the example of day, May 22, 1995; that following the soldier and being around other soldiers, River Bend is an important one. The prayer the Journal of proceedings be is technically and tactically proficient, successes of River Bend are tangible: deemed approved to date, the time for dedicated, motivated, physically fit, the fact that 161 homes have either the two leaders be reserved for their mentally alert, and morally straight. been constructed or salvaged and new use later in the day, and the Senate But above all, he is a loving and caring families are moving into these homes, then resume consideration of Senate husband and father whose service was the fact that crime has decreased, and Concurrent Resolution 13, the concur- enhanced by his wife, Sylvia, and their the fact that over $4 million has been rent budget resolution. two children, Shelly and Ryan. To invested in the area. These successes The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there them, too, the Nation owes its grati- are proof that something like the Des- objection? Without objection, it is so tude. ignated Neighborhood Action Plan can ordered. SMA Kidd, a professional and proud work if it is given a chance. The key is f infantry soldier—on behalf of the Con- to make more urban communities gress of the United States and the peo- aware of such possibilities, and show PROGRAM ple we represent, I offer our sincere that these goals are indeed within Mr. DOMENICI. For the information thanks for your service. reach. State and local governments of all Senators, the Senate will resume f need to support partnerships like that consideration of the budget resolution RIVER BEND NEIGHBORHOOD of River Bend and the financial institu- on 8:30 Monday morning. By a previous ASSOCIATION, DES MOINES tions of Des Moines. Having cleaner, order, there will be a rollcall vote on safer, and more productive neighbor- ∑ Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, with the Lautenberg-Rockefeller Medicare hoods is beneficial to everyone in a amendment at 3:15 p.m. on Monday. the seemingly never-ending stories of large urban area, and this is the nec- urban decline, I thought it would be a Senators can expect further rollcall essary common denominator that votes during Monday’s session of the welcome change to tell about a com- makes these partnerships work.∑ munity that has bucked this downward Senate, and the majority leader has in- trend. River Bend Neighborhood Asso- f dicated he would anticipate a late ses- ciation is a community on the north sion on Monday in order to make STATUTORY REFERENCES TO AP- progress on the budget resolution. side of Des Moines, IA. River Bend is PLICABLE COMMITTEE OR OFFI- unique in that it has taken control of CER OF THE HOUSE OF REP- f its own future. Of course, there have RESENTATIVES ORDER FOR RECESS been helping hands along the way, but the true reason behind their success is Mr. DOMENICI. I ask unanimous Mr. DOMENICI. If there is no further the desire and motivation of the com- consent that the Senate proceed to im- business to come before the Senate, I munity members to attain a better life. mediate consideration of H.R. 1421, just ask unanimous consent that the Sen- The background of River Bend will arrived from the House. ate stand in recess following the re- sound familiar to many. The neighbor- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The marks of Senator EXON. hood consists of approximately 4,000 clerk will report. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without residents and the average household in- The legislative clerk read as follows: objection, it is so ordered. come is $11,880. Increasingly, River A bill (H.R. 1421) to provide that references The Senator from Nebraska. Bend was succumbing to the problems in the statutes of the United States to any committee or officer of the House of Rep- f of crime, drugs, disinvestment, and resentatives the name or jurisdiction of abandoned property. Businesses were DEBATE ON THE BUDGET which was changed as part of the reorganiza- RESOLUTION moving out, and corruption started to tion of the House of Represenatives at the take over. beginning of the One Hundred Fourth Con- Mr. EXON. Madam President, I thank The key to halting this decline was gress shall be treated as referring to the cur- the Chair and I thank my friend and the formation of the Designated Neigh- rently applicable committee or officer of the colleague, the chairman of the Budget borhood Action Plan. The goal of the House of Representatives. Committee. plan, which was started in 1990, is to The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there Just 2 or 3 minutes of closing re- better meet the needs of Des Moines’ objection to the immediate consider- marks. I would agree. communities, with the emphasis on ation of the bill? I would agree with my friend and col- housing and infrastructure. The logis- There being no objection, the Senate league from New Mexico that during tics are the tricky part. The plan in- proceeded to consider the bill. debate on the Senate floor there may volved the Des Moines government, Mr. DOMENICI. I ask unanimous have been some overstatements of the Polk County government, and the fi- consent that the bill be considered, facts by Senators on this side of the nancial services industry to invest in deemed read the third time, passed and aisle. the Neighborhood Finance Corporation, the motion to reconsider laid on the I was here today, though, and I heard the NFC for short. Due to this invest- table; that any statements relating to several statements on the Republican

VerDate Aug 31 2005 05:07 May 28, 2008 Jkt 041999 PO 00000 Frm 00075 Fmt 0637 Sfmt 0634 J:\ODA15\1995_F~1\S19MY5.REC S19MY5 mmaher on MIKETEMP with SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS S7024 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE May 19, 1995 side of the aisle that I interpreted also RECESS UNTIL 8:30 A.M., MONDAY, JOSEPH A. LAGROW, 000–00–0000 WILLIAM R. MALONEY, 000–00–0000 as overstatements. We do get carried MAY 22, 1995 JOHN R. SCALES, 000–00–0000 away sometimes in debate. THOMAS J. SULLIVAN, 000–00–0000 The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under ROBERT L. WALKER, 000–00–0000 This Senator, both in the Budget the previous order, the Senate stands ARMY NURSE CORPS Committee and on the floor of the Sen- in recess. To be colonel Thereupon, the Senate, at 6:44 p.m., ate, has tried to make a case as I saw CAROL A. BROWN, 000–00–0000 it in a responsible, honest manner. recessed until Monday, May 22, 1995, at CHAPLAIN CORPS 8:30 a.m. I just want to say, once again, that I To be colonel f spoke a few moments ago about one of MARVIN T. MILBURY, 000–00–0000 the greatest overstatements that I NOMINATIONS MEDICAL CORPS keep hearing on the floor of the Senate Executive nominations received by To be colonel on this matter, despite the fact that the Senate May 19, 1995: the Democrats have not offered an JOHN D. PERRINE, 000–00–0000 amendment and as far as I know will DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE ARMY PROMOTION LIST not during this debate that violates the ANDREW FOIS, OF NEW YORK, TO BE AN ASSISTANT AT- To be lieutenant colonel TORNEY GENERAL, VICE SHEILA FOSTER ANTHONY, RE- very principles that the Senator from SIGNED. THOMAS W. ACOSTA, JR., 000–00–0000 THOMAS G. ALLEN, 000–00–0000 New Mexico emphasized was part and EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF THE UNITED STATES KEITH J. BUCKLEW, 000–00–0000 TIMOTHY R. GOODWIN, 000–00–0000 parcel of the budget, to protect the MARIA LUISA MABILANGAN HALEY, OF ARKANSAS, TO CECIL E. GREEN, 000–00–0000 BE A MEMBER OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE EX- kids of the future, to eliminate the MICHAEL A. GRUET, 000–00–0000 PORT-IMPORT BANK OF THE UNITED STATES FOR A ROBERT E. LANDSTROM, 000–00–0000 ever skyrocketing deficit and grossly TERM EXPIRING JANUARY 20, 1999. (REAPPOINTMENT.) increasing national debt. DENNIS J. MC COY 000–00–0000 DEPARTMENT OF TREASURY RITA A. PRICE, 000–00–0000 CHARLES W. RHOADS, 000–00–0000 But, once again, I feel, when some- JOHN D. HAWKE, JR., OF NEW YORK, TO BE UNDER SEC- ROBERT H. SIMPSON, 000–00–0000 body on this side of the aisle or some- RETARY OF THE TREASURY, VICE FRANK N. NEWMAN. LAWRENCE B. SMITH, 000–00–0000 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE WARRINGTON O. TYSON, 000–00–0000 body on that side of the aisle gets up JAMES L. VANNAMAN, 000–00–0000 and says something about overstate- GEORGE J. TENET, OF MARYLAND, TO BE DEPUTY DI- EDWARD J. VERGA, 000–00–0000 ments by someone on the other side, RECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE, VICE ADMIRAL CARL R. WEBB, JR., 000–00–0000 WILLIAM O. STUDEMAN. they better be careful that they are not CHAPLAIN CORPS IN THE AIR FORCE throwing rocks at their own glass To be lieutenant colonel THE FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICER FOR REAPPOINT- GARY L. MOORE, 000–00–0000 houses. MENT TO THE GRADE OF GENERAL WHILE ASSIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND RESPONSIBILITY MEDICAL SERVICE CORPS My friend from New Mexico went UNDER TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE, SECTION 601: To be lieutenant colonel right after one of the very basic tenets To be general of the remarks that I made, I think in IGWEKALA E. NJOKU, 000–00–0000 GEN. JAMES L. JAMERSON, 000–00–0000 a reasonable fashion, just before we THE FOLLOWING-NAMED ARMY NATIONAL GUARD OF went into the closing procedures, and IN THE ARMY THE UNITED STATES OFFICERS FOR PROMOTION IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES, UNDER THE FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICER FOR APPOINTMENT that was that I have heard the state- THE PROVISIONS OF TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE, TO THE GRADE OF LIEUTENANT GENERAL WHILE AS- SECTIONS 12203 AND 3385: ment, certainly an overstatement, once SIGNED TO A POSITION OF IMPORTANCE AND RESPONSI- again, from the chairman of the Budget BILITY UNDER TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE, SECTION ARMY PROMOTION LIST 601(A): Committee that the Democrats want to To be colonel To be lieutenant general take this money and spend it. Well, I RONALD C. BREDLOW, 000–00–0000 think that is a good buzzword and I MAJ. GEN. HUBERT G. SMITH, 000–00–0000 JOHN E. EASTER II, 000–00–0000 PAUL P. GLEASON, 000–00–0000 THE FOLLOWING U.S. ARMY NATIONAL GUARD OFFI- think the Republicans have researched BARRON L. GOFF, 000–00–0000 CERS FOR PROMOTION IN THE RESERVE OF THE ARMY STEVE A. HATTEN, 000–00–0000 that well in their extensive polling. TO THE GRADES INDICATED UNDER TITLE 10, UNITED CARL R. HENDERSON, 000–00–0000 STATES CODE, SECTIONS 3385, 3392, AND 12203(A): I want it clearly understood that this CLAY A. HINDERLITER, 000–00–0000 To be major general THOMAS D. JOHNSON, 000–00–0000 deficit hawk, this conservative Demo- THOMAS E. LITTLE, 000–00–0000 crat, is not for spending in the context BRIG. GEN. CRAYTON M. BOWEN, 000–00–0000 DON M. PREWITT, 000–00–0000 BRIG. GEN. JAMES D. DAVIS, 000–00–0000 JOHN F. PUGH, JR., 000–00–0000 that the Republicans continue to use BRIG. GEN. ROBERT J. MITCHELL, 000–00–0000 DENNIS M. RYAN, 000–00–0000 during this debate, accusing the Demo- BRIG. GEN. JOHN E. PRENDERGAST, 000–00–0000 WILBUR D. SAULTERS, JR., 000–00–0000 BRIG. GEN. ROBERT E. SCHULTE, 000–00–0000 JAMES C. SPROULL IV, 000–00–0000 crats of spending when we are not BRIG. GEN. WALTER L. STEWART, JR., 000–00–0000 JOHN M. TYSON, 000–00–0000 spending. We are reducing the hits. We BRIG. GEN. CARROLL THACKSTON, 000–00–0000 FREDERICK L. WARD, JR., 000–00–0000 TERRY G. WILKERSON, 000–00–0000 are reducing the significant reductions To be brigadier general CHAPLAIN CORPS in hits in a whole series of programs COL. LANCE A. TALMAGE, SR., 000–00–0000 COL. ROBERT A. MORGAN, 000–00–0000 To be colonel that even the Republicans concede are COL. JOHN E. BLAIR, 000–00–0000 very heavy and very difficult. COL. PHILLIP O. PEAY, 000–00–0000 PAUL L. GRANT, 000–00–0000 COL. ROBERT D. WHITWORTH, 000–00–0000 THE JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL’S CORPS I simply say, Madam President, once COL. RONALD W. HENRY, 000–00–0000 COL. VANDIVER H. CARTER, 000–00–0000 To be colonel again, I hope that we can continue a le- COL. TROY B. OLIVER, 000–00–0000 gitimate debate on Monday, to debate COL. DON C. MORROW, 000–00–0000 EVERETT T. WOHLERS, 000–00–0000 COL. SMYTHE J. WILLIAMS, 000–00–0000 MEDICAL CORPS the legitimate issues in proper form COL. WILLIAM W. AUSTIN, 000–00–0000 and with proper respect for all Mem- COL. JEAN A. ROMNEY, 000–00–0000 To be colonel COL. JAMES T. DUNN, 000–00–0000 bers of the Senate that I have great re- COL. PAUL T. OTT, 000–00–0000 REGINALD A. ALEXANDER, 000–00–0000 spect for, but I recognize that all of us, COL. REID K. BEVERIDGE, 000–00–0000 BRIAN T. NOLAN, 000–00–0000 COL. BERTUS L. SISCO, 000–00–0000 ARMY PROMOTION LIST from time to time, make some over- COL. JIM E. MORFORD, 000–00–0000 statements. COL. WILLIE A. ALEXANDER, 000–00–0000 To be lieutenant colonel COL. STEVEN P. SOLOMON, 000–00–0000 I just hope, because every time I hear COL. JERRY V. GRIZZLE, 000–00–0000 RICHARD P. ANDERSON, 000–00–0000 COL. JAMES V. TORGERSON, 000–00–0000 CARL R. BARTELL, 000–00–0000 the Republicans talking about spend- JIMMIE H. CHAPMAN, 000–00–0000 THE FOLLOWING-NAMED ARMY NATIONAL GUARD OF ARTHUR R. DIAZ, 000–00–0000 ing, I wish that they would better de- THE UNITED STATES OFFICERS FOR PROMOTION IN THE GERALD L. ERICSSON, 000–00–0000 fine that word. We are not spending RESERVE OF THE ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES, UNDER MICHAEL L. FALCONER, 000–00–0000 THE PROVISIONS OF TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE, HERBERT P. FRITTS, 000–00–0000 money. We are trying to alleviate what SECTIONS 12203 AND 3385: GREGORY B. GRIFFITH, 000–00–0000 we think are more onerous cuts in BILLY J. HUTTON, JR., 000–00–0000 ARMY PROMOTION LIST budgets of the most needy of our citi- BRADLY S. MAC NEALY, 000–00–0000 To be colonel BLANCHE A. MC CLURE, 000–00–0000 zens, especially our senior citizens, and ROBERT T. MC CORMICK, 000–00–0000 RICHARD F. ANDERSON, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL P. MURRAY, 000–00–0000 especially our young people who were JOSEPH J. CHAVES, 000–00–0000 ROBERT M. PUCKETT, 000–00–0000 relying on Government loans to get PETER F. COHEN, 000–00–0000 AGUSTIN RIVERA, 000–00–0000 AGUSTIN P. DUENAS, 000–00–0000 GARY D. SADLER, 000–00–0000 their education. We will continue the FOREST B. DUNNING, 000–00–0000 MARK J. SLAWINSKI, 000–00–0000 debate on Monday next. JOHN A. ILLARMO, 000–00–0000 DONALD K. TAKAMI, 000–00–0000 ARTHUR A. JACKSON, 000–00–0000 JOHN N. TOBIN, 000–00–0000 I yield the floor. WILLIAM J. KELLEY, JR., 000–00–0000 MICHAEL K. WEBB, 000–00–0000

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DENTAL CORPS CLAIBOURN, GREGORY, 000–00–0000 MORDUS, DONALD R., 000–00–0000 CLOSE, MEGAN E., 000–00–0000 MORRIS, ERNEST S., 000–00–0000 To be lieutenant colonel CONRAD, LORELEI A., 000–00–0000 MOSELEY, ROBERT E., 000–00–0000 COOK, KAREN G., 000–00–0000 MOYERS, BRYAN M., 000–00–0000 JOHN R. HERRIN, 000–00–0000 COOPER, RONALD W., 000–00–0000 MURPHY, SHAWN P., 000–00–0000 ARMY NURSE CORPS COUSINS, WILLIAM D., 000–00–0000 NEIS, STEFANO B., 000–00–0000 CRAWMER, JOHN S., 000–00–0000 NEWSON, TYRONE L., 000–00–0000 To be lieutenant colonel CROCKETT, JESSIE D., 000–00–0000 NICKELL, SCOTT W., 000–00–0000 CURIA, JOHN G., 000–00–0000 NIXON, CHARLES K., 000–00–0000 KAY F. STANTON, 000–00–0000 CURLING, LINDA S., 000–00–0000 NOEL, WILLIAM E., 000–00–0000 DAILEY, BARNEY B., 000–00–0000 NORTON, TIMOTHY W., 000–00–0000 THE FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICERS, ON THE ACTIVE DALTON, KENNETH W., 000–00–0000 NUSBAUM, MICHAEL S., 000–00–0000 DUTY LIST, FOR PROMOTION TO THE GRADE INDICATED DAVIS, STEPHEN P., 000–00–0000 OLIVAS, ABEL, 000–00–0000 IN THE U.S. ARMY IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 624, DELHERY, VINCENT J., 000–00–0000 ORTIZ, ROBERTO S., 000–00–0000 TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE. THE OFFICERS INDI- DIBLASI, CARL N., JR., 000–00–0000 OSWALT, JAMES S., 000–00–0000 CATED BY ASTERISK ARE ALSO NOMINATED FOR AP- DIFFELL, JAMES C., 000–00–0000 PAFFORD, ROBERT E., JR., 000–00–0000 POINTMENT IN THE REGULAR ARMY IN ACCORDANCE DILLOW, ROBERT G., JR., 000–00–0000 PATCHES, ERIC W., 000–00–0000 WITH SECTION 531, TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE: DONALDSON, ROBIN E., 000–00–0000 PAULEY, SHIRLEY A., 000–00–0000 CHAPLAIN CORPS DOTY, WILLARD E., JR., 000–00–0000 PEDRO, PAUL, JR., 000–00–0000 DOWNING, SANDRA D., 000–00–0000 PEPPLER, STEPHEN G., 000–00–0000 To be lieutenant colonel DOYLE, SHANNON D., 000–00–0000 PETERSON, DAVID L., 000–00–0000 DRAKE, JOSEPH A., 000–00–0000 PHELPS, JAMES R., 000–00–0000 JAMES E. AGNEW, 000–00–0000 DUFFY, TIMOTHY W., 000–00–0000 PIET, MARCEL J., 000–00–0000 HANSON R. BONEY, 000–00–0000 EDGE, REGINALD D., 000–00–0000 POLLARD, DANIEL T., 000–00–0000 WILFRED J. BREWSTER, 000–00–0000 EMBERTON, TERRY L., 000–00–0000 POOLE, RODNEY C., 000–00–0000 WILLIAM F. CAREY, 000–00–0000 ENOS, TIMOTHY D., 000–00–0000 POORE, THOMAS C., 000–00–0000 *FREDRICK S. CARR, 000–00–0000 EPPARD, ELWOOD G., 000–00–0000 POREDA, MICHAEL J., 000–00–0000 SCOTT DAVIES, 000–00–0000 ERICKSON, RANDAL L., 000–00–0000 PRICE, BOBBY R., 000–00–0000 RICHARD L. EVANS, 000–00–0000 ERNST, MICHAEL L., 000–00–0000 PULLIN, BOBBY R., 000–00–0000 JOSEPH A. GIBILISCO, 000–00–0000 ESSENMACHER, RICHARD J., 000–00–0000 QUINTANILLA, OMAR, 000–00–0000 LARRY J. GOODWILL, 000–00–0000 EVANS, JOHN D., 000–00–0000 RABCHENIA, WILLIAM, 000–00–0000 HENRY A. HAYNES, 000–00–0000 FARMER, HELEN E., 000–00–0000 RAMOS, JOSE R., 000–00–0000 JAMES HIMMELSBACH, 000–00–0000 FINLEY, CHRISTOPHER D., 000–00–0000 REDDAWAY, TERRY A., 000–00–0000 JOHN C. HOLZ, 000–00–0000 FISH, SHAREE E., 000–00–0000 REEVE, GEORGEANN, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL A. HOYT, 000–00–0000 FRANKS, STERLING L., 000–00–0000 REINMUELLER, MARK R., 000–00–0000 DWIGHT C. JENNINGS, 000–00–0000 FREDETTE, JAMES A., JR., 000–00–0000 REYNOLDS, FARLEY K., 000–00–0000 IRVEN W. JOHNSON, 000–00–0000 FRIDLEY, DALLAS E., JR., 000–00–0000 RICE, JERRY L., JR., 000–00–0000 *JERE R. KIMMELL, 000–00–0000 GAGE, MICHAEL B., 000–00–0000 ROBINSON, CHARLES E., 000–00–0000 JOHN E. KULP, 000–00–0000 GALLOP, MICHAEL L., 000–00–0000 RODENHIZER, BARRY G., 000–00–0000 CLARKE L. MC GRIFF, 000–00–0000 GARREN, WILLIAM A., 000–00–0000 RODRIGUEZ, JOSEPH A., 000–00–0000 JOHN H. MC RAE, 000–00–0000 GARTNER, GEORGE A., 000–00–0000 ROSE, JAMES S., 000–00–0000 *ANTHONY J. MEDAIROS, 000–00–0000 GILLEY, JERRY A., 000–00–0000 ROTH, JULIE K., 000–00–0000 DANIEL K. NAGLE, 000–00–0000 GILLMAN, BERT A., 000–00–0000 RUTLEDGE, WILLIAM R., JR., 000–00–0000 JAMES H. NEELY, 000–00–0000 GITHER, HUGH D., 000–00–0000 SANTIAGO, JORGE T., 000–00–0000 DAVID R. PENLAND, 000–00–0000 GLOVER, JANET F., 000–00–0000 SCHMITT, MARK J., 000–00–0000 JOHN J. PRENDERGAST, 000–00–0000 GOLDINGER, ROBERT L., 000–00–0000 SEEFRIED, OSCAR E., 000–00–0000 JAMES E. RAYBURN, 000–00–0000 GOMEZ, DAVID, 000–00–0000 SEITZ, GARY R., 000–00–0000 WILLARD RICHARDSON, 000–00–0000 GREENE, STEVEN E., 000–00–0000 SHARP, LONNIE J., 000–00–0000 FREDERICK ROBINSON, 000–00–0000 GRIFFIN, MARY L., 000–00–0000 SHELLEY, DANIEL M., 000–00–0000 LARRY D. ROBINSON, 000–00–0000 GRIFFITH, ALLEN M., 000–00–0000 SHOCKLEY, SAMUEL R., 000–00–0000 RICHARD P. ROGGIA, 000–00–0000 GRIGGS, BONNIE R., 000–00–0000 SHORTRIDGE, DONALD C., 000–00–0000 ELENITO B. SANTOS, 000–00–0000 GROSSMAN, MICHAEL D., 000–00–0000 SKIPWORTH, DAVID W., 000–00–0000 REES R. STEVENS, 000–00–0000 HANSEN, CHRISTOPHER L., 000–00–0000 SLATON, JOHN J., 000–00–0000 DONALD E. TROYER, 000–00–0000 HANSEN, ERIC R., 000–00–0000 SLOAN, CHARLES L., 000–00–0000 REINALDO VELEZ, 000–00–0000 HARDEN, PHILLIP W., 000–00–0000 SMITH, BRENT W., 000–00–0000 GORDON D. WALTERS, 000–00–0000 HARRISON, TIMOTHY L., 000–00–0000 SMITH, DONALD A., 000–00–0000 JEFFREY M. YOUNG, 000–00–0000 HAWKINS, ANITA M., 000–00–0000 SMITH, ERIC L., 000–00–0000 HAYNIE, MICHAEL A., 000–00–0000 SMITH, JOHNNYE L., 000–00–0000 DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN HEAD, RAYMOND O., 000–00–0000 SORUKAS, ROBERT V., 000–00–0000 DEVELOPMENT HERLUGSON, GERALD C., 000–00–0000 SPANKA, DAVID W., 000–00–0000 HERNAN, EDWARD J., 000–00–0000 SPOONER, WILLIAM P., 000–00–0000 DWIGHT P. ROBINSON, OF MICHIGAN, TO BE DEPUTY HETH, RANDY F., 000–00–0000 STANCLIFF, KEITH J., 000–00–0000 SECRETARY OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT, HILL, THEODORE R., 000–00–0000 STAPLETON, DEAN A., 000–00–0000 VICE TERRENCE R. DUVERNAY, SR., RESIGNED. HILTON, JEFFREY R., 000–00–0000 STEVENS, RICHARD D., 000–00–0000 STOKES, DAVID L., 000–00–0000 IN THE NAVY HOGAN, EDWARD F., 000–00–0000 HORST, EDWARD, 000–00–0000 STREIBLE, CLYDE L., 000–00–0000 THE FOLLOWING-NAMED TEMPORARY LIMITED DUTY HOWARDELL, STEVEN R., 000–00–0000 STUBBLEFIELD, MICHAEL, 000–00–0000 OFFICERS, TO BE APPOINTED PERMANENT LIEUTENANT HUDGINS, STEPHEN R., 000–00–0000 SULLIVAN, ROBERT S., 000–00–0000 IN THE LINE AS LIMITED DUTY OFFICERS OF THE U.S. HUNTER, DEREK B., 000–00–0000 THOMAS, CHARLES S., 000–00–0000 NAVY, PURSUANT TO TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE, INGRAHAM, RALPH M., 000–00–0000 THOMPSON, GEORGE N., 000–00–0000 SECTIONS 531 AND 5589(A): INMAN, DANIEL E., 000–00–0000 THOMPSON, JAMES H., 000–00–0000 JACOBS, BRIAN K., 000–00–0000 THOMPSON, ROLLINGS G., JR., 000–00–0000 LIMITED DUTY OFFICERS, LINE (PERMANENT) JACOMO, RAYMOND G., 000–00–0000 TIMMONS, CHARLES S., 000–00–0000 TREM, DANIEL T., 000–00–0000 To be lieutenant JAGUSCH, ROBERT C., 000–00–0000 JEHLE, GLENN E., 000–00–0000 TUCKER, RAE M. G., 000–00–0000 ABALOS, CAMILO L., 000–00–0000 JOHNSON, BRIAN L., 000–00–0000 VIGER, DAVID M., 000–00–0000 ADAMS, DUANE S., 000–00–0000 JOLLY, JAMES M., 000–00–0000 VILLA, FELIPE J., JR., 000–00–0000 ADAMS, JOHN, W., 000–00–0000 JONES, HAROLD W., JR., 000–00–0000 VINCENT, BRYAN K., 000–00–0000 ALDRIDGE, JOSEPH M., 000–00–0000 JONES, RODNEY A., 000–00–0000 WALAWENDER, WILLIAM J., 000–00–0000 ALLMON, GEORGE A., 000–00–0000 KANE, KEITH W., 000–00–0000 WALDEN, WILLIE A., 000–00–0000 ANDERSON, CLIFFORD A., 000–00–0000 KEATING, PATRICK E., JR., 000–00–0000 WALLACE, BRUCE J., 000–00–0000 ANDERSON, LAURENCE G., 000–00–0000 KELLY, DAVID J., 000–00–0000 WESTON, TOM P., 000–00–0000 ANDERSON, RANDALL E., 000–00–0000 KESSLER, MELVIN P., 000–00–0000 WHITAKER, BILLY H., 000–00–0000 ASHBY, CLINTON P., 000–00–0000 KINNUNEN, RUSSELL J., 000–00–0000 WHITE, RONALD L., JR., 000–00–0000 AVENANCIO, DANIEL, 000–00–0000 KRAIZA, KATHLYNE D., 000–00–0000 WILLIAMS, RICHARD L., 000–00–0000 BAHRS, PAUL J., 000–00–0000 LABARGE, GLENN T., 000–00–0000 WOOD, JOHN W., 000–00–0000 BARKER, JIMMY M., JR., 000–00–0000 LABEDZ, DAVID D., 000–00–0000 WOODFORD, JOSEPH E., 000–00–0000 BARSALEAU, JOANNE M., 000–00–0000 LANEY, MILLARD, JR., 000–00–0000 WORLEY, GREGORY K., 000–00–0000 BATEMAN, RONALD B., 000–00–0000 LATOSKY, DAVID A., 000–00–0000 WRIGHT, WILLIAM D., 000–00–0000 BEAR, MICHAEL S., 000–00–0000 LAW, CALVIN C., 000–00–0000 YOHNKE, MICHAEL, R., 000–00–0000 BEAUDRY, JAMES S., 000–00–0000 LEMIRE, KEVIN M., 000–00–0000 YOUMANS, DAVID D., 000–00–0000 BELL, JOHN T., 000–00–0000 LEPINE, BRIAN M., 000–00–0000 YOUNG, GERALD N., 000–00–0000 BENNETT, JAMES L., 000–00–0000 LOKER, KENNETH R., 000–00–0000 THE FOLLOWING-NAMED TEMPORRARY LIMITED DUTY BENNETT, RANDAL D., 000–00–0000 LOMBARDO, CARLO D., 000–00–0000 OFFICERS, TO BE APPOINTED PERMANENT LIEUTENANT BERNLOEHR, GEORGE R., 000–00–0000 MAC DONALD, MICHAEL F., 000–00–0000 IN THE SUPPLY CORPS AS LIMITED DUTY OFFICERS OF BILLINGS, JERRY W., 000–00–0000 MAGUIRE, ROBERT E., 000–00–0000 THE U.S. NAVY, PURSUANT TO TITLE 10, UNITED STATES BINDEL, WILLIAM E., 000–00–0000 MANNING, KENNETH D., JR., 000–00–0000 CODE, SECTIONS 531 AND 5589(A): BOSTRON, GARY E., 000–00–0000 MANTO, LEON H., JR., 000–00–0000 BRENNAN, GARY F., 000–00–0000 MARKER, WILLIAM A., 000–00–0000 LIMITED DUTY OFFICERS, SUPPLY CORPS BRIGHAM, SCOTT H., 000–00–0000 MASON, KEVIN B., 000–00–0000 (PERMANENT) BRYAN, LLOYD D., 000–00–0000 MATHES, JEFFREY G., 000–00–0000 BUCKLEY, JAMES P., 000–00–0000 MATTSON, DEBRA L., 000–00–0000 To be lieutenant BUCKMASTER, MARK C., 000–00–0000 MC CAIN, WILLIAM S., 000–00–0000 BRESSMAN, ERIC K., 000–00–0000 BUNNELL, JAMES P., II, 000–00–0000 MC CLOSKEY, MICHAEL G., 000–00–0000 CARSTEN, DIANA J., 000–00–0000 BURROWES, PAUL S., 000–00–0000 MC CLURE, KENNETH D., 000–00–0000 CORNELIUS, WANDA A., 000–00–0000 CALLESEN, RICHARD O., 000–00–0000 MC DONALD, EDWARD W., 000–00–0000 DARIENZO, JUANITA M., 000–00–0000 CANFIELD, STEPHEN T., 000–00–0000 MC DONALD, TODD, 000–00–0000 DOWHY, MARK E., 000–00–0000 CANTERBURY, TEDDY D., 000–00–0000 MC DOWELL, ANTHONY L., 000–00–0000 KAUFMAN, KURTIS V., 000–00–0000 CARMODY, KENNETH J., 000–00–0000 MC FARLAND, MICHAIL R., 000–00–0000 KLODNICKI, CHESTER A., 000–00–0000 CARR, JOHN A., 000–00–0000 MC GRORY, MICHAEL S., 000–00–0000 NEGRON, JOSE A., 000–00–0000 CARRINGTON, THOMAS D., 000–00–0000 MC NEARNEY, CHRISTOPHER L., 000–00–0000 PETERSON, CRAIG O. 000–00–0000 CARTER, CHRISTOPHER J., 000–00–0000 MEADE, CLYDE D., 000–00–0000 PITTMAN, ANNABELLE 000–00–0000 CASTLEBERRY, ARTHUR D., 000–00–0000 MEDINA, JUAN G., 000–00–0000 SEXTON, CHARLES P., 000–00–0000 CHANDLER, FRANK L., 000–00–0000 MINERVINO, STEPHEN T., 000–00–0000 SWAIN, ALVIN L., JR., 000–00–0000 CHAUNCEY, TERYL E., 000–00–0000 MITCHELL, DENNIS W., 000–00–0000 CHIDESTER, WYATT N., 000–00–0000 MOORE, JERRY, 000–00–0000 THE FOLLOWING-NAMED TEMPORARY LIMITED DUTY CILIA, BEVERLY R., 000–00–0000 MOORE, JOSEPH N., 000–00–0000 OFFICERS, TO BE APPOINTED PERMANENT LIEUTENANT

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IN THE LAW PROGRAM AS LIMITED DUTY OFFICERS OF *KRISTIN PETTIGREW, 000–00–0000 *STEPHEN P. BOYCHUCK, 000–00–0000 THE U.S. NAVY, PURSUANT TO TITLE 10, UNITED STATES *GREGORY S. PORTER, 000–00–0000 *DEBRA D. BOYKINS, 000–00–0000 CODE, SECTIONS 531 AND 5589(A): *GUILLERMO J. QUILES, 000–00–0000 *JEANNE M. BRUMMITT, 000–00–0000 *JUDITH D. ROBINSON, 000–00–0000 LIMITED DUTY OFFICERS, LAW PROGRAM *ARTHUR K. BRYSON, 000–00–0000 *RUPERT J. ROCKHILL, 000–00–0000 *JAMES F. BYRNE, 000–00–0000 (PERMANENT) LINDA C. ROSS, 000–00–0000 *IRVIN H. CARTY, 000–00–0000 To be lieutenant *JESUS H. RUIZ, 000–00–0000 *TODD A. CHAMBERS, 000–00–0000 *JERALD W. RUMPH, 000–00–0000 JAMES R. CHARLES, 000–00–0000 MASON, JOSEPH K., JR., 000–00–0000 *JEFFREY R. RYAN, 000–00–0000 *CAROLYN R. CHASE, 000–00–0000 THOMPSON, CHARLOTTE A., 000–00–0000 PATRICK D. SARGENT, 000–00–0000 *GERALYN K. CHERRY, 000–00–0000 *WILLIAM L. SHEPLER, 000–00–0000 *LAUREN S. CIERI, 000–00–0000 IN THE ARMY *JEFFREY M. SLOAN, 000–00–0000 *ROSA J. CLARK, 000–00–0000 THE FOLLOWING-NAMED OFFICERS, ON THE ACTIVE *MICKIE D. SMITH, 000–00–0000 *MARY B. COTY, 000–00–0000 DUTY LIST, FOR PROMOTION TO THE GRADE INDICATED *ROBERT L. SMITH, 000–00–0000 *NANCY M. COX, 000–00–0000 IN THE UNITED STATES ARMY IN ACCORDANCE WITH *TODD N. SMITH, 000–00–0000 *BEVERLY A. CROSBY, 000–00–0000 SECTION 624, TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE. *. THE OF- *ANGELO J. ST, II, 000–00–0000 *LUISA E. CRUZ, 000–00–0000 FICERS INDICATED BY ASTERISK ARE ALSO NOMINATED RICHARD L. STEPANEK, 000–00–0000 *KAREN J. CULBERTSON, 000–00–0000 FOR APPOINTMENT IN THE REGULAR ARMY IN ACCORD- REGINALD L. STEWART, 000–00–0000 *THOMAS A. DARISSE, 000–00–0000 ANCE WITH SECTION 531, TITLE 10, UNITED STATES CODE: *ALAN K. STONE, 000–00–0000 *NANCY C. DAVENPORT, 000–00–0000 *ANDREW A. STOREY, 000–00–0000 *SUSAN E. DAVIS, 000–00–0000 MEDICAL SERVICE CORPS *GUY S. STRAWDER, 000–00–0000 *FLAVIA D. DIAZHAYS, 000–00–0000 To be major *JOHN A. STUART, 000–00–0000 *THOMAS C. DILLON, 000–00–0000 *EDWIN C. SUPPLEE, 000–00–0000 *STEVEN R. DRENNAN, 000–00–0000 *ROBERT T. AARHUS, 000–00–0000 *KIMBRELL SWINDALL, 000–00–0000 *MADELINE DUNNIHOO, 000–00–0000 *GLADYS M. ALEMAN, 000–00–0000 *TIMOTHY R. SWINGLE, 000–00–0000 *RENE C. DZIENKOWSKI, 000–00–0000 JOHN G. ALVAREZ, 000–00–0000 *LINDA S. THOMAS, 000–00–0000 *RHONDA L. EARLS, 000–00–0000 *PHILLIP B. THORNTON, 000–00–0000 RANDALL G. ANDERSON, 000–00–0000 *SUSAN E. EDGETTE, 000–00–0000 *NATHANIEL TODD, 000–00–0000 DACOSTA E. BARROW, 000–00–0000 *JOHN E. EILAND, 000–00–0000 *SALLI O. TOLK, 000–00–0000 JOSE A. BETANCOURT, 000–00–0000 *PAULA J. FRATZKE, 000–00–0000 *IGNACIO R. TORRES, 000–00–0000 DAVID A. BITTERMAN, 000–00–0000 *HEIDI A. FUERY, 000–00–0000 *THOMAS C. VANCOTT, 000–00–0000 *STEPHEN V. BOWLES, 000–00–0000 *MARILUZ GONZALEZ, 000–00–0000 *HELEN B. VISCOUNT, 000–00–0000 *ANDREW M. BOYD, 000–00–0000 *TAMMY S. GONZALEZ, 000–00–0000 JAMES T. WALSH, 000–00–0000 *MARILYN D. BREW, 000–00–0000 *PETRA GOODMAN, 000–00–0000 PETER A. WEBB, JR, 000–00–0000 MITCHELL E. BREW, 000–00–0000 *WILLIAM J. GORMAN, 000–00–0000 DEBORAH B. WESLOH, 000–00–0000 *DENNIS C. BROWN, 000–00–0000 *JUDITH A. GRAHAM, 000–00–0000 KEVIN M. WESLOH, 000–00–0000 DAVID P. BUDINGER, 000–00–0000 *BRADLEY C. GREGORY, 000–00–0000 *KYLE D. CAMPBELL, 000–00–0000 *DONNA S. WHITTAKER, 000–00–0000 THOMAS B. WILLIAMS, 000–00–0000 *MARY C. GUNTER, 000–00–0000 *THERESA O. CANTRELL, 000–00–0000 *TODD R. GUSTAFSON, 000–00–0000 MARC L. CAOUETTE, 000–00–0000 ROBERT C. WREN, 000–00–0000 *JOAN HANDLEY–RILEY, 000–00–0000 VINCENT C. CARNAZZA, 000–00–0000 *DAVID A. WRIGHT, 000–00–0000 *COLLEEN M. HART, 000–00–0000 KENNETH E. CASHWELL, 000–00–0000 *PAUL D. WUERDEMAN, 000–00–0000 *PAMELA J. HAVENS, 000–00–0000 *ROLANDO CASTRO, JR, 000–00–0000 *WILLIAM P. WYETH, 000–00–0000 *BROOKE A. HEALY, 000–00–0000 *WILLIAM C. CHAMBERS, 000–00–0000 MEDICAL SPECIALIST CORPS *DONNA M. HEIMER, 000–00–0000 *JACQUELINE B. CHEN, 000–00–0000 *STEVEN R. HENDRIX, 000–00–0000 *TYRONE P. CHERRY, 000–00–0000 To be major *WALT HINTON, 000–00–0000 SCOTT W. CHILDERS, 000–00–0000 *MICHAEL K. CAVANAGH, 000–00–0000 *THERESA A. HORNE, 000–00–0000 *LORETTA J. CLARK, 000–00–0000 ANDREA S. EIGEL, 000–00–0000 *ANN A. HUSSA, 000–00–0000 *KELLIE A. COLE, 000–00–0000 *PETER A. FORSBERG, 000–00–0000 *NORA D. HUSSEY, 000–00–0000 LAWRENCE B. CONNELL, 000–00–0000 *TIMOTHY J. GANGEL, 000–00–0000 *LUCIOUS COOPER, JR, 000–00–0000 *DORIS L. JOHNSON, 000–00–0000 *CYNTHIA L. HARTMAN, 000–00–0000 WILLIAM M. CORSER, 000–00–0000 *PATRICIA A. KELLY, 000–00–0000 *KAROLINE D. HARVEY, 000–00–0000 JEFFREY S. COUCH, 000–00–0000 *DANIEL O. KENNEDY, 000–00–0000 *TERESA M. KEMMER, 000–00–0000 MARCUS W. CRONK, 000–00–0000 *DONNA J. KENT, 000–00–0000 *EUGENE P. KISTLER, 000–00–0000 RICHAR CROUTHARMEL, 000–00–0000 *NORMA E. KING, 000–00–0000 *RODERICK KUWAMOTO, 000–00–0000 *ALAN D. CUSHEN, 000–00–0000 *CHRISTINE B. KNOTT, 000–00–0000 *JAMES M. OGLETREE, 000–00–0000 THERESA L. CUTLER, 000–00–0000 *KAREN L. KRAKOWIAK, 000–00–0000 *CHRISTINE N. PARKER, 000–00–0000 MUSTAPHA DEBBOUN, 000–00–0000 *CHRISTINE KUBIAK, 000–00–0000 *BEVERLY D. PATTON, 000–00–0000 *MARY J. DOOLEY, 000–00–0000 *LISA M. LATENDRESSE, 000–00–0000 *MICHAEL ROBERTSON, 000–00–0000 *FREDRICK G. DUBOIS, 000–00–0000 *CHRISTINE M. LEECH, 000–00–0000 *LEANNE M. SPARROW, 000–00–0000 *TIMOTHY M. DUFFY, 000–00–0000 *TAMARA J. LUTZ, 000–00–0000 *BARBARA A. SPRINGER, 000–00–0000 *JASON D. DUNAVANT, 000–00–0000 *LAURA A. MARTIN, 000–00–0000 *THOMAS G. SUTLIVE, 000–00–0000 *RAYMOND F. DUNTON, 000–00–0000 *JAMES MASIONGALE, I, 000–00–0000 *RAFAE VARGASMORENO, 000–00–0000 *RICHARD C. EDWARDS, 000–00–0000 *ELIZABETH A. MCGRAW, 000–00–0000 *RONALD R. WERNER, 000–00–0000 GREGORY D. EVANS, 000–00–0000 *DARLENE M. MCPHEE, 000–00–0000 *LYNN D. WILKINSON, 000–00–0000 LAWRENCE E. FINLEY, 000–00–0000 *FRANKLIN J. MCSHANE, 000–00–0000 *TERRENCE FLANAGAN, 000–00–0000 VETERINARY CORPS *CHRISTINE M. MERNA, 000–00–0000 RALPH A. FRANCO, 000–00–0000 *MICHAEL J. MEYER, 000–00–0000 *WILLIAM G. FULLER, 000–00–0000 To be major *ELIZABETH P. MILLS, 000–00–0000 *JOHN M. GAAL, 000–00–0000 *DUANE A. BELOTE, 000–00–0000 *STEVEN R. MORSE, 000–00–0000 *EDNA GARCIAPENA, 000–00–0000 *TERRELL BLANCHARD, 000–00–0000 *PENNY M. MOUREAU, 000–00–0000 *MICHAEL P. GRIFFIN, 000–00–0000 MARK E. BOHANNON, 000–00–0000 *GERTRUDE F. NEILL, 000–00–0000 *JEFFREY A. HAFFA, 000–00–0000 *TERRY K. BUSHE, 000–00–0000 JIMMI OWENSOSBORNE, 000–00–0000 *JOHN P. HAGEN, 000–00–0000 *TERRI R. CLARK, 000–00–0000 *DIANA M. PARHAM, 000–00–0000 *MARY E. HALLMARK, 000–00–0000 *PAUL H. DAKIN, 000–00–0000 *JOE D. PENA, 000–00–0000 BRUCE E. HASELDEN, 000–00–0000 JIMMY B. DAVIS, 000–00–0000 *IRMA S. PENNINGTON, 000–00–0000 *JOSEPH L. HEPNER, 000–00–0000 *TERRY L. GOSCH, 000–00–0000 *ALLYSON A. PETERSON, 000–00–0000 *DAVID J. HILBER, 000–00–0000 *BRADFOR HILDABRAND, 000–00–0000 *KRISTIN B. PHILLIPS, 000–00–0000 *VINCENT B. HOLMAN, 000–00–0000 DANIEL E. HOLLAND, 000–00–0000 *NANCY L. PIERCE, 000–00–0000 KENNETH R. HORNE, 000–00–0000 *THOMAS LARSEN, 000–00–0000 *CYNTHIA L. PORTER, 000–00–0000 *REGINALD D. HOSKINS, 000–00–0000 *ASTRID J. MIRANDA, 000–00–0000 *KATHY K. PRUEOWENS, 000–00–0000 *LAURENCE T. HUNTER, 000–00–0000 JOHN C. SMITH, 000–00–0000 RITZA REESE, 000–00–0000 CHARLES HUNTSINGER, 000–00–0000 *KEITH E. STEELE, 000–00–0000 *SHARON E. REESE, 000–00–0000 *DONALD H. HUTSON, 000–00–0000 *CYNTHIA R. THACKER, 000–00–0000 *MARTHA H. RENNAKER, 000–00–0000 *ANTHONY INTREPIDO, 000–00–0000 *KELLY G. VEST, 000–00–0000 ENRIQUE RIVERA, JR, 000–00–0000 *CHRIS D. JENKINS, 000–00–0000 NAN VINCENT-JOHNSON, 000–00–0000 PRI ROBINSON–SMALLS, 000–00–0000 *KENNETH D. JOHNSON, 000–00–0000 ROBERT L. VOGELSANG, 000–00–0000 *MARJORIE E. RODDY, 000–00–0000 *MATTHEW D. KINSER, 000–00–0000 *NEAL E. WOOLLEN, 000–00–0000 DOUGLAS RUTKOWSKI, 000–00–0000 BERTHONY LADOUCEUR, 000–00–0000 *MAUREEN L. SCHAFER, 000–00–0000 CYNTHIA M. LAMB, 000–00–0000 ARMY NURSE CORPS *DIANE D. SCHERR, 000–00–0000 *NACIAN A. LARGOZA, 000–00–0000 To be major CHRISTINE SCHILLER, 000–00–0000 *WILLIAM S. LEHMAN, 000–00–0000 *BRUCE A. SCHONEBOOM, 000–00–0000 *ERICH K. LEHNERT, 000–00–0000 *CYNTHIA J. ABBADINI, 000–00–0000 J. SMARTHTALIAFERRO, 000–00–0000 *IRWIN M. LENEFSKY, 000–00–0000 *BARBARA J. ACSELROD, 000–00–0000 *KIMBERLY K. SMITH, 000–00–0000 *KATHLEEN S. LESTER, 000–00–0000 *BETHANY ALEXANDER, 000–00–0000 *MARC A. SMITH, 000–00–0000 *SAMUEL G. MACK, 000–00–0000 *ANN M. ALTMAN, 000–00–0000 CYNTHIA SPEARS, 000–00–0000 RODGER K. MARTIN, 000–00–0000 *KELLY M. AMBROSI, 000–00–0000 *SHARON L. STERLING, 000–00–0000 VAL J. MARTIN, 000–00–0000 *YVONNE L. ANTHONY, 000–00–0000 *MICHELE R. STONE, 000–00–0000 *BENITA A. MCLARIN, 000–00–0000 *RACHEL A. ARMSTRONG, 000–00–0000 *JANE A. SUBLETTE, 000–00–0000 JOSE MELENDEZ, JR, 000–00–0000 *WANDA E. ARNOLD, 000–00–0000 *MARY E. ULRICH, 000–00–0000 *WILLIAM H. MILLAR, 000–00–0000 *JEFFREY S. ASHLEY, 000–00–0000 *BARRY A. VANCE, 000–00–0000 *DEBRA L. MILLER, 000–00–0000 *JAMES R. AYLOR, 000–00–0000 *DONALD L. VANDAM, 000–00–0000 *STEVEN W. MORSE, 000–00–0000 *SHERRI L. BAKER, 000–00–0000 *PAULA M. VARNEY, 000–00–0000 *VICKI L. MORSE, 000–00–0000 *BARBARA L. BALLARD, 000–00–0000 *MIMI E. VELOSO, 000–00–0000 ROY E. MULLIS, 000–00–0000 *MONA O. BINGHAM, 000–00–0000 *MICHAEL D. WEGNER, 000–00–0000 ERNEST L. NELON, 000–00–0000 *JOY D. BLACK, 000–00–0000 *MELODY J. WELDON, 000–00–0000 *NEWT OLIPHANT, III, 000–00–0000 *JULIE A. BLANKE, 000–00–0000 *JEFFREY H. WHITE, 000–00–0000 CHARLES P. OLIVER, 000–00–0000 *JOHN C. BLOWER, 000–00–0000 *RUTH V. WHITE, 000–00–0000 MICHAEL R. PANKRATZ, 000–00–0000 *ANN M. BLUNT, 000–00–0000 *DIANE M. WINFREY, 000–00–0000 *PHILLIP PEMBERTON, 000–00–0000 *JUDITH A. BOCK, 000–00–0000 *THOMAS G. WINTHROP, 000–00–0000 *LIVIA I. PEREZ, 000–00–0000 *LINORE S. BOUSKA, 000–00–0000 *ANNETTE L. WUEST, 000–00–0000

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