Code-Switching in Indonesian Artists' Twitter Tweets
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PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI CODE-SWITCHING IN INDONESIAN ARTISTS’ TWITTER TWEETS A SARJANA PENDIDIKAN THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Pendidikan Degree in English Language Education By Laurentius Pradipta Yunandra Student Number: 121214097 ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS EDUCATION FACULTY OF TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2016 i PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRACT Yunandra, Laurentius Pradipta. (2016). Code-switching in Indonesian Artists’ Twitter Tweets. Yogyakarta: Faculty of Teachers Training and Education, Department of Language and Arts Education, English Language Education Study Program, Sanata Dharma University. Nowadays, people cannot be separated from information technology. People use the information technology to communicate with one to another. The Social media websites are one kind of information technology used by people in communication. People call the websites as social media because of the function of the social media to connect people around the world. Therefore, the existence of the social media also brings a language phenomenon called code-switching. There were two questions in this research. First, which types of code- switching are used by the Indonesian artists in their tweets? Second, what factors influence Indonesian artists to switch their code in their tweets? This research was a sociolinguistics research and used discourse analysis to answer the two research questions. The data used in this research were collected from Indonesian artists’ Twitter tweets through observation. The research results showed that the types of code-switching occurred in Indonesian artists’ twitter tweets were tag-switching, inter-sentential switching, intra-sentential switching. The Indonesian artists also used some combination of the types mentioned in their tweets. Furthermore, the factors occurred in the Indonesian artist Twitter tweets were: no similar word in the language in use; the user do not know the word in the language in use; it is easier for the user to use the user own language or the user uses other languages which are easier for the user to use; the user wants to add emphasis; the user forget the term; and there is similarity between both languages. There were cases that the tweets were influenced by more than one factor and three factors provided by the experts do not influence the Indonesian artist to switch their code in their tweets. Keywords: code-switching, Indonesian artists, Twitter vi PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ABSTRAK Yunandra, Laurentius Pradipta. (2016). Code-switching in Indonesian Artists’ Twitter Tweets. Yogyakarta: Faculty of Teachers Training and Education, Department of Language and Arts Education, English Language Education Study Program, Sanata Dharma University. Dewasa ini, orang-orang tidak bisa dipisahkan dengan teknologi informasi. Orang-orang menggunakan teknologi informasi untuk berkomunikasi dengan orang lain. Website-website Media sosial adalah salah satu jenis teknologi informasi yang digunakan oleh orang-orang dalam berkomunikasi. Orang-orang menyebut website-website tersebut sebagai media sosial karena fungsi dari media sosial sebagai alat untuk menghubungkan orang-orang diseluruh dunia. Oleh karena itu, eksistensi dari media sosial juga membawa sebuah fenomena bahasa yaitu alih kode. Ada dua pertanyaan pada penelitian ini. Pertama, tipe alih kode mana yang digunakan oleh para artis Indonesia di cuitan-cuitan mereka? Kedua, faktor- faktor apa sajakah yang mempengaruhi artis-artis Indonesia mengalihkan kode mereka di cuitan-cuitan mereka? Penelitian ini adalah penelitian sosiolinguistik dan menggunakan analisis wacana untuk menjawab dua pertanyaan penelitian diatas. Data-data yang digunakan di penelitian ini diambil dari cuitan-cuitan dari Twitter para artis Indonesia. Data-data tersebut diambil melalui observasi. Hasil-hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa tipe-tipe dari alih kode yang muncul di cuitan-cuitan Twitter para artis Indonesia adalah alih pembubuhan, alih antar kalimat, dan alih intra kalimat. Para artis Indonesia juga menggunakan beberapa kombinasi dari tipe-tipe tersebut di cuitan-cuitan mereka. Selanjutnya, faktor-faktor yang muncul dicuitan-cuitan Twitter para artis Indonesia adalah tidak ada kata-kata yang sama di bahasa yang digunakan; pengguna tidak tahu kata yang sesuai di bahasa yang digunakan; pengguna lebih mudah menggunakan bahasanya sendiri atau pengguna menggunakan bahasa-bahasa lain yang lebih mudah digunakan; pengguna ingin menambah penekanan; pengguna lupa akan istilah yang tepat digunakan; dan ada kesamaan antara kedua bahasa. Ditemukan juga kasus-kasus bahwa cuitan-cuitan terpengaruh oleh lebih dari satu faktor dan ada tiga faktor yang di ungkapkan oleh para ahli tidak mempengaruhi para artis Indonesia untuk mengalihkan kode mereka di cuitan-cuitan mereka. Kata kunci: code-switching, Indonesian artists, Twitter vii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would express my gratitude to my Lord Jesus Christ for blessing and guiding me to finish my thesis. I thank Him for everything that He has given to me. Second, I would like to thank my thesis advisor, Drs. Barli Bram, M.Ed., Ph.D., for his support, guidance, and suggestions so that I could complete my thesis. I would also thank all the English Language Educatioan Study Program lecturers for sharing their knowledge and experience, and guidance during my study years in ELESP. Then, I would like to express my gratitude to my beloved parents, Bapak Honoratus Wahjoedi and Ibu Margaretha Nanik Kunaryani. They have managed everything I need during my study. I also thank my family for their support and prayers. Last but not least, I thank all my friends who give me encouragment to finish my study and everyone who I cannot mention one by one. Their love gives me energy to finish my thesis. Laurentius Pradipta Yunandra viii PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION This chapter presents the introduction of this study. It consists of the research background, the research problems, the problem limitation, the research objectives, the research benefits, and the definition of terms. Each section is presented as follows. A. Research Background Nowadays, people cannot be separated from the information technology, especially people who live in urban areas. The information technology is used by people to help them to do communication. Communication is a natural basic need of human as a social being. Moreover, people cannot live without any interactions with one and another. The interactions between people will happen if the people have a system that can facilitate their needs of communication. The system that can facilitate their needs of communication is a language. The language has an important role for the people since it is used as a facilitating system in the people’s communication. The language has several functions and one of its functions is a social or relational function. Without the language, the people will not know other people’s willingness, needs, or intentions. In other words, people will not able to communicate with other people. In order to make the communication easier and better, people develop intermediary tools to facilitate their needs of communication. There are two kinds 1 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 2 of intermediary tools, namely the media, the printed media such as newspapers, pamphlets, posters, brochures and the electronic media such as websites, radios, and televisions broadcasting. Websites are popular electronic media. The websites become popular since internet becomes available for many people. People often use social media websites to facilitate their communication needs. There are many kinds of social media websites in the world such as Facebook, MySpace, Twitter, Hi5, and Instagram. Twitter is one of the social media which has many users. Based on the statistics released by smartinsight.com on April 2016, Twitter has 320 millions users around the world. It means that Twitter is on the ‘Top 10’ rank of popular social media in the world. Twitter is chosen by the researcher because it is the most frequent social media used by the researcher. The research is conducted since the researcher has a close connection to Twitter. It leads the curiosity of the researcher to find any language phenomena in Twitter. Many of the Twitter users post their tweets using language combinations. Expertise called these combinations as code-switching. Wardhaugh (1992) states that the code-switching is a strategy in communication to pass and break the border which is blocking the relations in a group of people when they are communicating one to another (p. 103). Since the code-switching as bilingual speech behaviour allows the speakers to make any alternation of languages in a conversation, the code-switching phenomena can be seen in many places (Spolsky, 1998). There were a large number of studies had been done to discuss the code-switching phenomena. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 3 This research aims to discuss the code-switching in the Indonesian artists’ Twitter tweets. This research discusses the Indonesian artists’ Twitter tweets which contain code-switching. The data from the Twitter