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Collecting and Preserving Digital Materials
COLLECTING AND PRESERVING DIGITAL MATERIALS A HOW-TO GUIDE FOR HISTORICAL SOCIETIES BY SOPHIE SHILLING CONTENTS Foreword Preface 1 Introduction 2 Digital material creation Born-digital materials Digitisation 3 Project planning Write a plan Create a workflow Policies and procedures Funding Getting everyone on-board 4 Select Bitstream preservation File formats Image resolution File naming conventions 5 Describe Metadata 6 Ingest Software Digital storage 7 Access and outreach Copyright Culturally sensitive content 8 Community 9 Glossary Bibliography i Foreword FOREWORD How the collection and research landscape has changed!! In 2000 the Federation of Australian Historical Societies commissioned Bronwyn Wilson to prepare a training guide for historical societies on the collection of cultural materials. Its purpose was to advise societies on the need to gather and collect contemporary material of diverse types for the benefit of future generations of researchers. The material that she discussed was essentially in hard copy format, but under the heading of ‘Electronic Media’ Bronwyn included a discussion of video tape, audio tape and the internet. Fast forward to 2018 and we inhabit a very different world because of the digital revolution. Today a very high proportion of the information generated in our technologically-driven society is created and distributed digitally, from emails to publications to images. Increasingly, collecting organisations are making their data available online, so that the modern researcher can achieve much by simply sitting at home on their computer and accessing information via services such as Trove and the increasing body of government and private material that is becoming available on the web. This creates both challenges and opportunities for historical societies. -
Implications of Abenomics on Gender Equality in Japan and Its Conformity with CEDAW
TUCKER (DO NOT DELETE) 4/24/2017 6:16 PM RICKY TUCKER* Implications of Abenomics on Gender Equality in Japan and Its Conformity with CEDAW Introduction ....................................................................................... 544 A. Abenomics ...................................................................... 545 B. Female Workforce Participation ..................................... 546 C. History of Japanese Gender Equality Laws .................... 549 I. The Purpose of the Third Arrow Casts Doubt on its Ability to Accomplish Its Goals ............................................. 551 A. Addressing Financial Insecurity ..................................... 551 B. Addressing Gender Equality ........................................... 552 II. The Third Arrow Does Not Conform to the Strict Mandates Imposed Upon Member Countries to CEDAW ..... 554 A. Leadership ......................................................................... 555 1. CEDAW Article II .................................................... 556 2. CEDAW Article XI ................................................... 558 B. Childcare Waiting Lists .................................................. 559 C. Support for a Return to Work ......................................... 561 D. Assistance for Reentering the Workforce ....................... 563 III. Abenomics’ Conformity with CEDAW and the Overall Goal of Boosting the Economy Are Not Mutually Exclusive ................................................................................ 564 IV. A Counterpoint: -
Election System in Japan
地方自治研修 Local Governance (Policy Making and Civil Society) F.Y.2007 Election System in Japan 選挙制度 – CONTENTS – CHAPTER I. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF JAPAN’S ELECTION SYSTEM .........................................1 CHAPTER II. THE LAW CONCERNING ELECTIONS FOR PUBLIC OFFICES.........................3 CHAPTER III. ORGANS FOR ELECTION MANAGEMENT ...........................................................5 CHAPTER IV. TECHNICAL ADVICE, RECOMMENDATION, ETC. OF ELECTIONS...........7 CHAPTER V. SUFFRAGE.......................................................................................................................8 CHAPTER VI. ELIGIBILITY FOR ELECTION..................................................................................9 CHAPTER VII. ELECTORAL DISTRICTS........................................................................................10 CHAPTER VIII. VOTERS LIST ...........................................................................................................15 CHAPTER IX. CANDIDATURE - RUNNING FOR ELECTION .....................................................17 CHAPTER X. BALLOTING ..................................................................................................................22 CHAPTER XI. BALLOT COUNTING AND DETERMINATION OF PERSONS ELECTED...29 CHAPTER XII. ELECTION CAMPAIGNS.........................................................................................33 CHAPTER XIII. ELECTION CAMPAIGN REVENUE AND EXPENDITURES ...........................44 CHAPTER XIV. LAWSUITS.................................................................................................................49 -
Digitization Strategic Plan
Creating a Digital Smithsonian DIGITIZATION STRATEGIC PLAN Fiscal Years 2010–2015 1002256_StratPlan.indd 2 5/26/10 8:25:45 AM INTRODUCTION 2 Extending Reach/Enhancing Meaning 3 What, Exactly, Is Digitization? 3 What Are We Digitizing? 4 Launching a New Era 5 Broaden Access 5 Preserve Collections 5 Support Education 5 Enrich Context 6 A Straightforward Approach 6 Assessing Cost and Timelines 7 From Pioneer to Leader 7 Virtual Access Ensures Relevance and Impact 8 Infinite Reach 8 creating a GOALS, OBJECTIVES, ACTION STEPS 10 Mission 10 Values 10 digital smithsonian STRATEGIC GOALS 11 Goal 1: Digital Assets 11 Goal 2: Digitization Program 12 Goal 3: Organizational Capacity 13 APPENDIX A: DIGITIZATION STRATEGIC PLAN COMMITTEE CHARTER 14 APPENDIX B: SMITHSONIAN DIGITIZATION STRATEGIC PLAN COMMITTEE 14 APPENDIX C: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 15 Photo Credits 15 APPENDIX D: DIGITIZATION STRATEGIC PLAN WORKING GROUP MEMBERS 16 1002256_StratPlan.indd 3 5/26/10 8:25:45 AM creating a digital smithsonian 1002256_StratPlan.indd 1 5/26/10 8:25:45 AM Introduction Picture a room with infinite capacity. It is absent cabinets or shelves, yet it holds tens of millions of objects and records — scientifically invaluable specimens, artifacts that connect us to our heritage, and research findings from some of the greatest minds in the world. Delving into its contents, a schoolgirl sitting in a North Creating a Digital Smithsonian is an ambitious five-year Dakota classroom can hear the voices of Jane Addams plan that lays out how we will accomplish digitization — the and Linus Pauling plead for peace in earlier times. A activity that will help us realize these benefits. -
Library Board of Victoria Annual Report 2016
Library Board of Victoria Victoria Library of Board Library Board of Victoria Annual Report 2016–17 Annual ReportAnnual 2016–17 Library Board of Victoria Annual Report 2016–17 Published by State Library Victoria 328 Swanston Street Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia Also published on slv.vic.gov.au © State Library Victoria 2017 This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. Authorised by the Victorian Government 328 Swanston Street Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia Typeset by Cannon Typesetting Cover photograph: The night garden, illumination created by Nick Azidis, Lisa Greenaway and Rose Staff for White Night Melbourne 2017. Photograph by James Braund. Contents 2 President’s report 4 Chief Executive Officer’s year in review 6 Vision and values 7 Report of operations 22 Financial summary 24 2016–17 key performance indicators 25 Service Agreement with the Minister for Creative Industries 26 Output framework 28 Acquisitions statistics 29 Library Board and corporate governance 33 Library Executive 34 Organisational structure 35 Occupational health and safety 37 Public sector values and employment principles 38 Statement of workforce data and merit and equity 40 Environmental performance 42 Diversity and Social Inclusion Plan 43 Freedom of information 44 Protected Disclosure Act 2012 44 Compliance with the Building Act 1993 45 Victorian Industry Participation Policy 45 National Competition Policy 46 Government advertising expenditure 46 Major contracts 47 Consultancies 48 Financial information 49 Risk attestation Financial statements 51 Auditor-General’s report 53 Library Board of Victoria letter 54 Financial report for year ended 30 June 2017 59 Notes to the financial statements 105 Disclosure index President’s report I am pleased to present my sixth report as the donated $2 million to establish Start Space, a new President of the Library Board of Victoria. -
RSF 190X270 Classement4:Mise En Page 1 31/01/14 15:47 Page 1
RSF_190x270_Classement4:Mise en page 1 31/01/14 15:47 Page 1 WORLD PRESS FREEDOM INDEX 2014 RSF_190x270_Classement4:Mise en page 1 31/01/14 15:47 Page 2 World Press Freedom index - Methodology The press freedom index that Reporters Without occupying force are treated as violations of the right to Borders publishes every year measures the level of information in foreign territory and are incorporated into freedom of information in 180 countries. It reflects the the score of the occupying force’s country. degree of freedom that journalists, news organizations The rest of the questionnaire, which is sent to outside and netizens enjoy in each country, and the efforts experts and members of the RWB network, made by the authorities to respect and ensure respect concentrates on issues that are hard to quantify such for this freedom. as the degree to which news providers censor It is based partly on a questionnaire that is sent to our themselves, government interference in editorial partner organizations (18 freedom of expression NGOs content, or the transparency of government decision- located in all five continents), to our network of 150 making. Legislation and its effectiveness are the subject correspondents, and to journalists, researchers, jurists of more detailed questions. Questions have been and human rights activists. added or expanded, for example, questions about The 180 countries ranked in this year’s index are those concentration of media ownership and favouritism for which Reporters Without Borders received in the allocation of subsidies or state advertising. completed questionnaires from various sources. Some Similarly, discrimination in access to journalism and countries were not included because of a lack of reliable, journalism training is also included. -
Publishing the Trove Newspaper Corpus
Publishing the Trove Newspaper Corpus Steve Cassidy Department of Computing Macquarie University Sydney, Australia Abstract The Trove Newspaper Corpus is derived from the National Library of Australia’s digital archive of newspaper text. The corpus is a snapshot of the NLA collection taken in 2015 to be made available for language research as part of the Alveo Virtual Laboratory and contains 143 million articles dating from 1806 to 2007. This paper describes the work we have done to make this large corpus available as a research collection, facilitating access to individual documents and enabling large scale processing of the newspaper text in a cloud-based environment. Keywords: newspaper, corpus, linked data 1. Introduction to reproduce published results. Alveo also aims to provide access to the data in a way that facilitates automatic pro- This paper describes a new corpus of Australian histori- cessing of the text rather than the document-by-document cal newspaper text and the process by which it was pre- interface provided by the Trove web API. pared for publication as an online resource for language research. The corpus itself is of interest as it represents The snapshot we were given of the current state of the col- a large collection of newspaper text dating from 1806 to lection contains around 143 million articles from 836 dif- around 2007. However, to make this data available in a us- ferent newspaper titles. The collection takes up 195G com- able form, rather than a very large download, we have taken pressed and was supplied as a single file containing the doc- steps to build a usable web-based interface to the individ- ument metadata encoded as JSON, one document per line. -
Institutionalization of the Japanese Diet Based On
The One-party dominant regime in the Legislature was not built in a Day: Institutionalization of the Japanese Diet from 1947-2000 determined using the Individual Government Bills Database Kentaro FUKUMOTO Gakushuin University, Faculty of Law 1-5-1 Mejiro Toshima-ku Tokyo 171-8588, JAPAN Tel: +81-3-3986-0221 ext. 4913 Fax: +81-3-5992-1006 [email protected] http://www-cc.gakushuin.ac.jp/~e982440/ Paper prepared for delivery at the 73rd Annual Meeting of the Southern Political Science Association, Sheraton Colony Square Hotel, Atlanta, GA, USA, November 7- 10, 2001 Comments are welcome. Please don’t cite without author’s permission. Abstract According to the conventional view, based on the widely accepted theory of viscosity, the Japanese legislative process is characterized by a mode of operation known as “long deliberation without discussion”. It did not, however, appear as soon as the Constitution was enacted in 1947, nor did it emerge when the ever-dominant Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) Government started in 1955. It is not until around 1970 that it was “institutionalized” with the advent of political equilibrium between the LDP and the opposition in the one-party dominant regime. I believe that some of the new quantitative tools here will contribute to improving the study of legislatures in parliamentary systems. Introduction The Japanese legislative process is characterized by a mode of operation known as “long deliberation without discussion”. Conventional viscosity theory attributes this to the one-party dominant regime, in which semi-permanent opposition parties delay consideration in order to kill bills and annoy the government. -
Urban Space on the Frontier: the Development of Sapporo in Meiji Japan Ethan Barkalow, Class of 2018
Urban Space on the Frontier: The Development of Sapporo in Meiji Japan Ethan Barkalow, Class of 2018 Through the Goldsmith Adams Research Award, I had a two-fold experience of research and language study in Japan this summer. For eight weeks I lived with a host family in Hakodate, Japan and enrolled in daily Japanese language courses. In the time immediately preceding and following this language program, I gathered invaluable primary source material with which I will use to pursue a history honors project on the urban development of Sapporo in Meiji Japan (1868-1912). The eight-week Japanese language program through the Hokkaido International Foundation (HIF) allowed me to immerse myself in Japanese language and culture in three settings: Japanese class, Japanese cultural events, and living with a host family. Continuing my Japanese studies at HIF was especially valuable for the progress of my Japanese minor at Bowdoin because after missing a semester of class in the spring semester I was able to catch up and can continue towards completing my Japanese minor. About four weeks of my time this summer in Japan were dedicated to conducting preliminary research and gathering primary and secondary sources to use in an honors project over the next year. Firstly, with students and faculty of the Bowdoin Japanese Program I spent about nine days in Tokyo. During this period, my faculty mentor Professor Sakura Christmas and I took several visits to the National Diet Library of Japan. The National Diet Library contains a comprehensive archive of historical documents which included material from and concerning Meiji-period Sapporo. -
The History Problem: the Politics of War
History / Sociology SAITO … CONTINUED FROM FRONT FLAP … HIRO SAITO “Hiro Saito offers a timely and well-researched analysis of East Asia’s never-ending cycle of blame and denial, distortion and obfuscation concerning the region’s shared history of violence and destruction during the first half of the twentieth SEVENTY YEARS is practiced as a collective endeavor by both century. In The History Problem Saito smartly introduces the have passed since the end perpetrators and victims, Saito argues, a res- central ‘us-versus-them’ issues and confronts readers with the of the Asia-Pacific War, yet Japan remains olution of the history problem—and eventual multiple layers that bind the East Asian countries involved embroiled in controversy with its neighbors reconciliation—will finally become possible. to show how these problems are mutually constituted across over the war’s commemoration. Among the THE HISTORY PROBLEM THE HISTORY The History Problem examines a vast borders and generations. He argues that the inextricable many points of contention between Japan, knots that constrain these problems could be less like a hang- corpus of historical material in both English China, and South Korea are interpretations man’s noose and more of a supportive web if there were the and Japanese, offering provocative findings political will to determine the virtues of peaceful coexistence. of the Tokyo War Crimes Trial, apologies and that challenge orthodox explanations. Written Anything less, he explains, follows an increasingly perilous compensation for foreign victims of Japanese in clear and accessible prose, this uniquely path forward on which nationalist impulses are encouraged aggression, prime ministerial visits to the interdisciplinary book will appeal to sociol- to derail cosmopolitan efforts at engagement. -
NDL Newsletter No
National Diet Library Newsletter No. 141, February 2005 The 24th Mutual Visit Program between the National Diet Library and the National Library of China A National Library of China (NLC) delegation visited Japan from November 8 to 17, 2004, on the 24th mutual visit program between the NDL and the NLC. The program started in 1981 and since then, the NDL and the NLC alternate each year in sending a group. For reports of past programs, please see here. For an outline of the programs and reports presented at the programs, please see here. Delegation of the NLC Headed by Deputy Director Mr. Zhang Yanbo, this year's delegation had the following four members: Ms. Shen Sa, Director of the Personnel Division, Mr. Wang Dongbo, Director of the Operational Division, Mr. Li Wanjian, Professor of China Society for Library Science, and Ms. Zhang Yanxia (interpreter), Deputy Director of the Acquisition and Cataloging Department. The main theme of this year's program was "Management of national libraries" with sub- themes "Human resources development" and "Activity evaluation system." The program consisted mainly of a series of sessions held at the Tokyo Main Library of the NDL with participation from the Kansai-kan using the TV Conference System. There was also deliberation on how the two national libraries should develop specific cooperation based on the "Letter of Intent concerning Exchange and Cooperation between the NDL and the NLC" signed in 1999. Opening session (November 9) At the opening session, Mr. Zhang delivered a keynote speech under the title "Promotion of the modernization and internationalization of the NLC by the renovated management system and mechanism," followed by a speech by Mr. -
'GETTING' BETTER Author: Rose Holley, Manager
RESOURCE SHARING IN AUSTRALIA: FIND AND GET IN TROVE – MAKING ‘GETTING’ BETTER Author: Rose Holley, Manager - Trove, National Library of Australia [email protected] Conference Paper - ALIA Information Online 2011: 1-3 February 2011, Sydney, Australia 5000 words Final Version: 7 January 2011 ABSTRACT Trove http://trove.nla.gov.au is the National Australian discovery service focusing on Australia and Australians, launched at the end of 2009. It has been created and is managed by the National Library of Australia. Trove harvests metadata from over 1000 Australian libraries and other cultural heritage institutions and organisations, giving the public free access to over 100 million items. A guiding principle of Trove is ‘Find and Get’. The first principle to ‘find’ has been achieved well. A user can find a wealth of information and format types in a single search, aggregated from many sources. The relevance ranking and zoning of results makes finding quick and easy. Therefore the focus of the Trove team for the latter half of 2010 and into 2011 has been to improve the ‘get’ options. This paper gives an overview of how ‘getting’ has been improved so far, current work underway, and ideas for the future. ‘Get’ includes buy, borrow (national loans), copy, digital view, print on demand and digitise on demand. __________________________________________________________________________ 1. OVERVIEW Trove http://trove.nla.gov.au, the Australian discovery service focused on Australia and Australians, was launched in late 2009 by the National Library of Australia (NLA). Trove harvests metadata from over 1000 Australian libraries and other cultural heritage organisations, allowing free public access to over 100 million items.