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THE JACOBITE REBELLIONS Songs of the Jacobite Wars of 1715 and 1745

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THE JACOBITE REBELLIONS Songs of the Jacobite Wars of 1715 and 1745 TSDL079 THE JACOBITE REBELLIONS Songs of the Jacobite Wars of 1715 and 1745 Sung by EWAN MacCOLL Guitar and Banjo Accompaniments by Peggy Seeger TSDL079 1 Ye Jacobites by Name and Scotland had been brought together in 1603 2 Such a Parcel of Rogues in a Nation whenAfter centuriesthe Stuart of King conflict, James the VI kingdoms of Scotland of became England 3 Will Ye Go to Sherriffmuir James I of England. Although united in the person 4 Wae’s Me for Prince Charlie of their ruler the two states retained quite different governments and institutions. They remained The Jacobite 5 Charlie Is My Darling Rebellions separate until the Act of Union in 1707 established a Songs Of The 6 The Haughs of Cromdale single government for the ‘United Kingdom’. By this Jacobite Wars time the Stuart dynasty had been deposed in the so- Of 1715 And 7 The Bonnie Moorhen 1745 called ‘Glorious Revolution’ of 1688, when the Roman 8 Johnnie Cope Catholic James II (VII of Scotland) was replaced by 02 9 Came Ye O’er frae France the Dutch ruler William of Orange, who had married 10 There’s Three, Brave Loyal Fellows James’ elder daughter Mary. This had been a victory for the powerful land-owning and commercial classes 11 This is no My Ain House which had been rapidly increasing in strength during 12 The Piper O’ Dundee the preceding century. They were strongly Protestant in religion and they were, moreover, determined to 13 Donald MacGillavry restrict the power of the monarchy permanently. 14 Maclean’s Welcome 15 Will Ye No Come Back Again? England. Its trade and manufacturing industry increasedScotland benefitted enormously materially and, thanks from to the the Union superiority with of Scottish education over anything existing south of the Border in the eighteenth century, Scottish businessmen, inventors and intellectual leaders Revolution. Adam Smith, the economist; James Watt, inventorfigured amongst of the improved the giants steam of the engine; Industrial and Macadam and Telford, the famous road builders, were amongst TSDL079 the most outstanding. that the crown would pass to the Protestant House of The real increase in the prosperity of Scotland as a was thus timed to take advantage of the unpopularity result of this important contribution to the processes ofHanover. George ThisI. But happened as it was ininadequately 1714, and the planned first Rising of industrialisation was, however, unevenly spread. It and badly led, the Rising of 1715 never presented The Jacobite was concentrated in the Lowlands and in particular a serious challenge to the new regime. Apart from Rebellions in Glasgow, which was rapidly becoming a large an abortive expedition in 1719, thirty years passed Songs Of The commercial centre. The Highlands were scarcely Jacobite Wars Of 1715 And affected by it. In this extensive mountainous area an recover power. 1745 ancient feudal system based on subsistence farming before the Stuarts made their next and final bid to remained dominant. The clans which maintained it On the 25th July 1745, the 25 year old Prince Charles 03 were cut off from both the material developments Edward Stuart, the ‘Young Pretender’, set foot on and currents of thought of the outside world. the Scottish mainland. Less than a month later he Personal loyalty was highly valued; the old religion of Roman Catholicism was still strongly entrenched; and the clansmen began to rally to him. By a daring with it affection for the exiled ‘King across the water’ marchraised theon Edinburghstandard of the his Jacobites father at captured Glenfinnan, the and and a romantic attachment to the ‘auld alliance’ city and repulsed an effort to dislodge them at the with France against England. In view of this dour Battle of Prestonpans. The Prince then led his army resistance to all the forces of innovation which were southwards towards London, hoping that support beginning to transform England and the Lowlands in would come to him from the inhabitants of the the eighteenth century, it was natural that the Stuarts northern English counties. He was disappointed. should look to the Highlands as their main hope for a Although he reached the River Trent just south of revival of their fortunes. Derby on 4th December, he received an extremely cool welcome from the towns and countryside James II had gone into exile in France, where he died through which he passed. And his clansmen became in 1701. His son James, the ‘Old Pretender’, inherited increasingly disgruntled the further they moved from the claim to the thrones of England and Scotland, their native glens. and it was in support of him that the Jacobite Risings occurred. The Act of Settlement of 1701 had ensured Meanwhile, the government had been desperately TSDL079 raising an army, and although hampered by incredibly harbours were built and improved. The introduction bad communications a force was now ready to of English practices of land ownership led in time to the establishment of large estates as deer parks, and of Cumberland. The Prince was forced to retreat, resulted in large-scale depopulation. By 1759 Pitt andtake his the forces field under fell back the into generalship Scotland of and the then Duke into was able to remove the ban on tartan wearing and The Jacobite the Highlands, Cumberland pursued them towards to recruit regiments of Highlanders to assist in the Rebellions the inevitable engagement. This took place on the conquest of Canada. In 1784, the government felt Songs Of The morning of 16th April 1746, when the clansmen able to restore most of the forfeited estates to their Jacobite Wars Of 1715 And were mown down by the superior armaments of the original owners. Meanwhile, the whole country had 1745 government forces on Culloden Moor. begun to show signs of the rapid acceleration in the processes of industrialisation which brought greater 04 The Battle of Culloden marked the extinction of the prosperity to the nation. Industrial and commercial last Jacobite hope of recovering the British crown, success in the eighteenth century did more than and Prince Charles spent many hunted weeks as a Cumberland’s troops to cement the political fugitive before he managed narrowly to escape to foundations of Hanoverian Britain France. But it marked more than that – it was also the end of an ancient social order. The government determined that there should never be another rising cause was dead. But like many lost causes, that of the in the Highlands, and Cumberland earned himself the JacobitesWith the pacificationhas retained of its the attraction Highlands, and the its Stuart power to nickname of ‘The Butcher’ by ruthlessly carrying out move the spirit. More than most, the Jacobite cause, the policy of breaking the clan system. Estates of the though lost, has been won in the persistent appeal of the songs which it evoked. These songs recall a of the tartan prohibited. Even more important, the social order which has long since passed away under feudalleading powers Jacobites of thewere clan confiscated, chieftains, and with the their wearing own the wheels of the locomotive, the arterial road, the law courts and the right of claiming military service factory, and the hydroelectric power station. They from their tenants, were abolished. recall the bravery of men who died for a cause in which they believed. And above all, they recall the These measures were effective. Law and order was loyalty felt towards the young prince who, with grace imposed on the highlands. Roads, bridges and and charm, came to lead the clansmen in his fathers’ TSDL079 cause; and who, though doomed to failure, won the sides. Winners or losers, the Jacobites celebrated hearts and devotion of men and women in his own generation and in those which have followed. probably the least well known. There is some doubt ANGUS BUCHANAN. amongthe battle clan in historians a number asof fineto the songs, identity of which of Bauld this John is o’Innisture. The Jacobite Notes and Glossaries ri’en, torn; hools, clothing; girnin gools, weeping Rebellions melancholics; bauld, bold; gin, if; sic, such. Songs Of The YE JACOBITES BY NAME Jacobite Wars The air of this song has always been popular in Of 1715 And WAE’S ME FOR PRINCE CHARLIE 1745 Scotland and is sung to many different songs on many In spite of the harsh repressive measures which different subjects, but, according to James Hogg, ‘none 05 followed the collapse of the Forty Five rebellion, of them are Jacobite save this.’ Scots ballad makers continued to extoll the virtues fauts, faults; maun, must. of Prince Charles for almost another hundred years. SUCH A PARCEL OF ROGUES IN A NATION This song is the work of William Glen, born Glasgow This song embodies rather well the anti-Union feeling in 1789. It is set to the ballad tune Gypsy Davy. of Scotland during the eighteenth century. The dule, sadness; ilka, every; row’d, wrapped. charge of corruption which is made here against the CHARLIE IS MY DARLING majority of the Scottish Parliament who ‘treasonably In these days, when it has become the custom to sold us for English gold’ is repeated again and again in the Jacobite songs. presented with a picture of the Young Pretender that rins, runs. isdebunk by no themeans popular agreeable. figures The of other shabby, days, and we not are quite WILL YE GO TO SHERIFFMUIR sober, medicant who haunted the back staircase of The victory at the battle of Sheriffmuir, fought Versailles and who was not over scrupulous in his between the clans under the Earl of Mar and the dealings with women, is not the Young Chevalier of Hanoverian forces under the Duke of Argyle on the the songs.
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