PROFESSIONAL

PUBLIC

SERVICE

s

' T

Vol. 43, No. 10 October 1964 To Business Executives

Every year a new series of Canada Savings Bonds encourages thousands of Canadians to save a part of what they earn. It introduces for the first time to many of them the idea of in­ vestment ... of making their savings work for them. Often the purchase of a Canada Savings Bond is the first step towards planned long term personal investment programmes which lead directly to greater self-reliance for the individual.

These are some of the basic reasons why it is a good thing to encourage Canadians to "Get on the Bond Wagon." They are some of the basic reasons why the Government makes these bonds available. They are the reasons why so many Canadian employers make it possible each year for hundreds of thousands of Canadians to set a savings target and reach it by means of systematic saving through the Payroll Savings Plan.

In the past, Canadian employers have co-operated fully in making available the Payroll Savings Plan.Since 1946, when Canada Savings Bonds were first sold, employees have made nearly twelve million payroll purchases of Canada Savings Bonds totalling more than $3� billion. Last year, payroll purchases amounting to $228,680,000 were made by 665,600 employees.

The Government of Canada would be most grateful once again this year for your full co-operation in the Payroll Savings Plan which makes such a valuable contribution to the social and economic life of Canada .

..

Minister of Finance PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC SERVICE

Vol. 43, No. 10 October, 1964

Published monthly by the Professional Institute of the Public Service of Canada

2 Problems of Regional Development (Sauve) President (An outline of the work of the Agricultural Rehabilitation and Development Administration)

5 How The Rocket Gets Its Thrust (Law) (A brief history of rocketry and development of the Black Brant)

Secretary-Treasurer­ 8 S. 23. C.60 R.O.Y.T. 1958 (Hughes) A. B. BOWRON (The work of a public administrator in the Yukon Territory)

10 The Definition of A Professional (Discussion of the difficulty of distinguishing between professionals and non professionals when both work alongside each other Executive Secretary for the same employer) � J. H. LEROUX 12 Canada's Scientific Detectives Track Down Meteorite Craters ( Shenstone) (An organized search for Canada's numerous meteorite craters)

18 The Origin of the Two Minute Silence

19 Recent Publications

20 Au conseil d'administration Editor 20 Board Notes JOHN R. ROOKE 21 Fellowships

22 C.S.C. News

22 Members In The News

24 New Members

The Professional Institute of the Public Service of Canada is an organization of professional, scientific and technic!\1 Address all correspondence, advertising, editorial or otherwise, to the workers in the Federal Public Service, Professional Institute of the Public Service of Canada, 786 Bronson devoted to enhancing the value of the Avenue, Ottawa 1, Canada. Views. expressed in articles and other contri­ Service to the public, maintaining high butions are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the professional standards, and promoting official position of the Institute. Articles may be reproduced without

the welfare of its members. permission provided a credit is given to the source. ;..

Authorized as second class mail, Post Office Department, Ottawa, and for payment of Postage in cash. Problems Of Regional Development In Canada

Hon. MAURICE SAUVE Minister of Forestry Notes from an address to the Club Richelieu de Trois-Rivieres September, 1964

As Minister of Forestry, I am responsible for three ambitious one - is known as "rural development". major programmes: the forestry research programme, Rural development is a process whereby the people of the feed freight assistance programme, and the ARDA less prosperous rural areas decide to take steps to programme (Agricultural Rehabilitation and Develop­ improve their standards of livin.g and their economic ment Administration). In order to incorporate all these prospects through group action. In principle, the programmes under one ministry, there is a motion on government may have little or nothing to do with the Order Paper of the House of Commons to change starting a rural development programme in a given the name of the Department to the Department of area - the local people themselves must first decide Forestry and Rural Development. that they want to take action. But the provincial government is standing by to give them help when Today I want to speak to you about some aspects they need it - technical help and financial assistance of the Agricultural Rehabilitation and Development - and the federal government shares the cost. This is programme, which is more and more in the news these the basic philosophy and purpose of the ARDA pro­ days. ARDA is a joint federal-provincial undertaking, gramme. introduced by former Minister of Agriculture Han. Alvin Hamilton in 1961, designed chiefly to improve Specific areas which have been chosen for full­ income opportunities in the rural areas of Canada.·· By scale rural development programmes are called Rural the end of 1962, all ten provinces had signed agree­ Development Areas, areas of social and economic ments with Ottawa concerning the application of this disadvantage in need of development. They are pro­ programme, and the federal government agreed to make posed by the province, which determines their exact available a maximum of fifty million dollars to invest boundaries and location, and approved by. the fetleral in it over two and three-quarter years, a sum to be government. Nine Rural Development Areas have matched more or less equally by the provinces. The already been designated across Canada: Meadow Lake, province of Quebec adopted its own ARDA legislation Torch River and Broadview in Saskatchewan; Interlake in June 1963 (bill 57), and the minister responsible in Manitoba; Gaspe and Abitibi in Quebec; Prince for the programme in Quebec is Han. Alcide Courcy, County and Kings County in P.E.I.; and Bonavista Minister of Agriculture and Colonization. The role of North in Newfoundland. the provinces is primordial in the application of ARDA, There are many regions in Canada where the rural because ARDA projects must be both initiated and development philosophy is applicable. This is because administered by the province concerned. However of the economic adjustment required as a result of the two levels of government consult continually in such factors as the great migration of Canada's popula­ devising programmes, and the federal government re­ tion toward the cities in recent years, the increasing views provincial proposals. If they are within the mechanization and competitiveness of the agricultural terms of the ARDA legislation, Ottawa shares the cost industry, and the resulting uneven economic develop­ of implementing them. The ARDA agreements, by the pent- or even severe economic dislocation- result­ way, are coming up for renegotiation with the provinces ing in much unemployment and underemployment in this November, and new agreements will come into many rural areas. Many such areas, whose economies used to be based more or less viably on various com­ effect in April 1965. Soon after I assumed office in binations of agriculture, forestry and fishing, have now February, I made a tour of all the ten provincial fallen into stagnation, with average incomes well below capitals together with Mr. A. T. Davidson, Director of the levels in the rest of the country, particularly urban ARDA, in order to consult the provincial governments areas. The disparity in the rate of economic growth about changes to be made in the ARDA agreements. between urban and some rural areas in Canada has This kind of continuous consultation should result in become quite pronounced in several parts of the coun­ mutually satisfactory revisions of this basic document. ' try. People in these areas lack opportunities to parti­ One of the aspects of the ARDA programme - cipate effectively in the general prosperity of our to my mind the most important one, and also the most country.

2 PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC SERVICE - OCTOBER 1964 An example of such a rural area, which I choose communication and co-operation among these sectors only because I expect you are likely to be acquainted at the regional level. Not only is there a lack of co-ordi­ with it, is the Lower St. Lawrence and Gaspe region. nation between various levels of government, but there As you no doubt know, a rural development programme is also often an overlapping between departments of the on a vast ambitious scale is now being undertaken in same level of government. that region, including nine counties: Magdalen Islands, Gaspe South, Gaspe North, Bonaventure, Matane, No doubt each of these departments was created Matapedia, Rimouski, Riviere-du-Loup, Temiscouata. to carry out a necessary function, and no doubt they The movement was started by the Conseil d'orienta­ are all still doing useful work. But my point is, Mr. tion economique du Bas St-Laurent, which was founded President, that there is not nearly enough communica­ by the people of the area in May 1956. At the request tion and co-operation among the various departments of this body, and the Conseil regional d'expansion eco­ and levels of government, and you often find them nomique de la Gaspesie et des Iles-de-la-Madeleine, overlapping or working at cross-purposes. You occa­ the whole region was designated as a Rural Develop­ sionally even get situations resembling the classic state ment Area under the ARDA legislation by the pro­ of affairs in some of our municipalities - which shall vincial government, and approved by the federal govern­ be nameless - where on Monday a team of workmen ment, on January 30, 1964. An organization called the from the Roads Division resurfaces your whole street, Bureau d'amenagement de l'est du Quebec, Inc., was at great inconvenience to everybody; on Tuesday the incorporated on July 23, 1963 under Part III of the men from the gas company come and tear it all up Quebec Companies Act to carry out a massive and again to fix the gas mains; on Wednesday the telephone far-reaching socio-economic study of the area, to be company decides to put all their wires underground; financed by the provincial and federal governments and just as they finish filling in the holes and repaving, along come the workmen from the water department under ARDA. At the conclusion of this study, the to lay new sewers. And the following week a bunch BAEQ, in collaboration with the inhabitants of the of university students dress up as workmen for fun,. area themselves, will draw up a master plan for the and do it all over again - and nobody suspects a future development of the whole region over the next thing. At well ! few years. It is hoped that this plan will be ready by 1966. Things don't often get that bad. But there is no doubt that we are badly in need of new administrative So you can see, Mr. President what we are dealing � concepts for regional government. At last week's with here is nothing less than a major attempt at meeting of l'Institut canadien des Affai�es publiques regional economic planning, in the best democratic at l'Esterel, Etienne Hirsch, a former' Director of the sense. This type of undertaking was pioneered in North Commissariat general du Plan in France, pointed out America by President Roosevelt's Tennessee Valley that government today is faced with a paradox - the Authority in the 1930's, but it is a new and challenging need for increased centralization on the world level, experiment in Canada. Moreover, we are going farther by strengthening the United Nations, the Common than the TVA development plan did, because we are Market, etc.; and the need for greater decentralization of government at the regional level, by giving more concentrating far more on getting the local people in­ initiative and responsibility to regional bodies to enable volved in the improvement of their own lot, and on them to carry out regional plans. having full-scale local participation in the elaboration

and implementation of the plan. This process is known To my mind, Mr. President, there are two avenues as "animation sociale". that we should explore in attempting to find a solution to the problem of regional development. First of all, And since this kind of regional planning is a new we must look for ways to coordinate the regional experience for us, it naturally p�ses many new problems activities of various government departments at the which we have not encountered before. Perhaps the federal level and at the provincial level, and also to major problem, staggering in its simplicity, is this: establish links between the two levels of government once we have a regional plan, what are we going to through a process of continuous consultation and joint do with it? I am not being facetious; how are we planning. ··The economic region is, as we are coming going to carry it out, execute it, administer it, translate to realize more and more, the natural level at which to it into reality? This is a very real problem. The administer glqbal programs of regional economic devel­ present administrative structures of government in opment, and representatives of government departments Canada aren't adapted to regional economic planning. must coordinate their activities at that level. At a pr�ss . Our administration is based on !he old-fashione(;i ' conference in Mont-Joli at the end of August, Presid;nt ·­ practice of departmentalization: transport, agriculture, Rene Pare of Quebec's Conseil d'orientation economi­ fisheries, forestry, education, mines, roads, tourism, que said that the experience of the BAEQ has helped industry, etc. The trouble is that there is very little to destroy the old division of government activity into

PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC SERVICE - OCTOBER 1964 3 compartments; the institution of the interdepartmental portation, agriculture, etc. For once a regional plan committee within the government has arisen from ·this has been formulated with the collaboration of the situation, he said. Quebec now has a Comite perma­ people of the region - which is the basic idea of rural nent de l'amenagement des ressources, with the specific development under ARDA - who would be better job of coordinating the work of the various departments suited to carry out the plan than the local people concerned with rural development. We have similar themselves? interdepartmental committees at the federal level, and The problem is essentially this: who should exer­ they are becoming more and more effective in dealing cise the authority necessary for administering the plan with the problem. at the regional level? We have seen that the province In connection with this problem of coordinating has the primary responsibility for regional development, the activities of different departments and levels of and that federal participation is also necessary. Natu­ -government, which has been preoccupying many social rally, therefore, the provincial and federal departments scientists and regional planners, allow me to quote concerned have to be involved in the administration of a passage from a booklet by Yvon Daneau, of the the plan, and must coordinate their activities at the Centre de culture populaire de l'Universite Laval, regional level in consequence. But this is not enough. prepared for the 1962-63 home study course of the I believe that it will also be necessary to have a regional Union Catholique des Cultivateurs, entitled l'Amenage­ development corporation set up, with the over-all res­ ment des regions rurales: ponsibility for the execution of the regional plan. This development corporation could function as the regional Sans qu'il en coCtte beaucoup, il y aurait pos­ headquarters for the programmes of the federal and sibilite d'assurer une meilleure coordination in­ provincial departments and would have delegated to terne entre les ministeres et les services qui s'eten­ it by the province the powers necessary to implement. dent au niveau regional. Est-il bien necessaire the plan. d'avoir un ingenieur de la voirie dans une munici­ palite, un ingenieur forestier dans une autre et un All these problems are being discussed and studied, agronome dans un autre coin du comte ? Il serait and I have just raised these questions with you to bring avantageux, croyons-nous, lorsque cela est pos­ them to your attention. Much thinking by everyone sible, de goruper ces specialistes de telle sorte concerned has still to be done. qu'ils puissent travailler ensemble au reambiage­ Another question we must consider is how the ment du territoire dont ils ant la responsabilite. regional plan will be financed. I think that a better Une certaine centralisation au niveau regional coordination of the expenditures of all levels of govern­ pourrait apporter plus d'efjicacite au travail des ment at the regional level, will tend to increase consid­ divers specialistes. Enfin, pour mieux repondre erably the efficiency of government expenditures. More aux exigences de la collectivite, il est necessaire money will be needed: there might be a case for a que l'Etat possede les ramifications et les canaux special fund, available for use only in designated Rural qui lui permettent de comprendre le message qui Development Areas, which have adopted a regional lui vient des groupes intermediaires. Au pays et development plan. dans la province, nous n'avons pas de systeme tres efficace de communication entre le pouvoir The administration of any regional plan must take et le peuple. Pourtant, les experiences des autres into account the role of local authorities, and inter­ pays devraient nous convaincre que sans un orga­ mediary bodies such as agricultural associations, unions, nisme qui assure une meilleure coordination entre chambers of commerce and other civic groups. We l'Etat et les associations, groupements au entre­ must consider how these bodies can be integrated into prises, la planification est impossible. the development corporation. And finally, the people themselves should be able to participate in the admin­ The second approach that I would like to see istrative process by means of a programme of popular explored, Mr. President, is the one mentioned by M. involvement - this is where "animation sociale" comes Hirsch -- the establishment of regional bodies. This into the picture. would mean that the activities of various provincial and federal government departments would be co-ordi­ The exact composition of a regional development nated regionally to execute and administer a regional corporation must be carefully considered, and may plan. There is no doubt that the primary responsibility vary from region to region. We have a long way to for setting up the administrative framework for a go yet, and we will all be watching the future of the regional plan rests with the provincial government, BAEQ with great interest, as one of our first experi­ under the constitution. But in the light of the realities ments in the new field of regional planning. We may of the situation, it is evident that the federal govern- ' make mistakes, but I am confident that ARDA will ment must also be ready to establish the necessary eventually prove to be an effective tool whereby we can structures, because of federal responsibilities in trans- together make a better life for our rural people.

4 PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC SERVICE- OCTOBER 1964 How the rocket gets its

thrust*

C.A. LAW

Although the launchings may not be heralded in the manner of a performance at Cape Kennedy, Canada does have its own rocket-firing site, at Fort Churchill, Manitoba, and rockets of her own design and manufacture which are playing useful roles in space research projects.

. An economical high altitude research rocket named the Black Brant (after a small black and white • goose that breeds in the Arctic) is not only_ the brain­ child of Canadian technology, but also is made here, in a Manitoba plant. So far, three single-stage models have been introdqced by the manufacturer, Canadi� Bristol Aerojet Ltd.; and a two-stage vehicle is expected to be ready for a trial sh9t by March of this year.

The original rpcket design was sponsored by Canadian taxpayers, through the Canadian Army Research Development Establishment (CARDE) under the Defense Research Board.

The target for Black Brant IV, the two--stage member of the family is an altitude of 800 miles - the nether region of the Van Allen atmospheric layer. We will not be able to afford more far-ranging research work until the costs become less exorbitant and rocketry has fully come of age, perhaps in the next 25 years.

Rockets have been made for over 700 years, their propellants based on the gun-powder formulas of Roger Bacon and other alchemists. Yet they made little impression on the societies of yesteryear.

Ther.e were probably three fundamental reasons why rocketry took so long to become accepted. Firstly, gunpowder,· which is a mixture of potassium nitrate, sulphur and· charcoal, may have been adequate for missiles the Chinese used to storm the ramparts in the 13th century; but it couldn't provide the power neeqed

to put aloft any sizeable payload. Secondly, up uii:tii · quite recently inventiveness in this field depended almost entirely on military interest and support. One of the many Black Brants to blast into space cracks off from its launching pad at Fort Churchil, Manitoba. • Reprinted from C-I-L OVAL, Winter 1964 issue.

PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC SERVICE - OCTOBER 1964 5 Thirdly, an understanding of the theory of rocketry was not enough to unlock the fetters of progress. Greater knowledge of the chemistry of propellants was required so that more powerful pro­ pellant systems and new rocket engines could be devised.

The basic law governing jet propulsion has been in our physics books for centuries. Sir Isaac Newton's Third Law of Motion postulated that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. The rocket rises by ejecting part of itself, its upward thrust being equal to the downward momentum (mass times speed of ejection) of the jet of combustion gases.

The designer doesn't want his rocket to be consumed completely in its travels, but would like the payload to be as large as possible under the conditions of height and final velocity which he hopes the rocket will reach. (On most rockets the payload averages only five per cent of the total weight. The payload of 40 pounds that the single-stage Black Brant III can raise 110 miles represents about 6 per cent of the total weight.) In achieving his objectives much depends on the propellant.

It takes some elaboration of the Newtonian equation to learn that the thrust is related to the thermochemical energy of the propellant and the momentum of the combustion gases. The energy Nose-cone package containing scientific instrument is fitted characteristic of each propellant system is defined as to Black Brant research rocket at Fort Churchill in prepara- the thrust per pound per second of the material tion to launching. burned and is known in the argot of the rocketeer as separate components must be intimately mixed for the specific impulse, or Isp. Using known physical proper burning). The double-base propellant has the gas laws we can express Isp in terms relevant to marked advantage of reaching higher flame tempera­ rocket design. For example, Isp is directly dependent ture and of producing almost four times the volume on the pressure and temperature in the combustion of gas given off by gunpowder. chamber; and it is inversely proportional to the mole­ cular weight of the exhaust gases. In other words, Hydrogen peroxide is the liquid counterpart of the hotter the gases, the greater the kinetic energy; guncotton in that it is a complete propellant. It and the smaller the individual gas particles, the more decomposes to steam and oxygen with the evolution push there is through the nozzle of the rocket. of a great quantity of heat. But to get better perform­ ance and closer control rocket designers turned to We now have some clues to guide us in the hunt hi-propellant systems, that is, engines in which the fuel for better propellants. The molecular weight of the and oxidizer are kept separate until the moment of combustion gases is decisive; so we start off along the ignition. top rank of the periodic table to examine the lightest elements we know - hydrogen, helium, lithium, beryl­ The V-2's got their push from a liquid oxygen lium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and fluorine. and alcohol system. And the demand for even greater Some combination from these nine should give maxi­ thrust to power the ICBM led to the replacement of mum performance among propellants. alcohol fuel with kerosene. Both the Atlas and the Titan are based on oxygen-kerosene combustion It should therefore be not surprising to learn that products, the maximum 280-second specific impulse hydrogen and fluorine react to give a gas with a enabling the construction of 150,000-lb-thrust engines. specific impulse of 409 seconds at sea-level pressures and an even more impressive 475 seconds in the Liquid hydrogen, a fuel that has been chosen by vacuum conditions of space. (Compare this with the the U.S. for the second stage in the Centaur and 60 second rating for gunpowder !) Unfortunately Saturn rockets, provides. about 40 per cent greater there is a gap between a laboratory demonstration and specific impulse than kerosene. what can be engineered to boost large payloads. The difficulties associated with the handling of The propellants in use today range in strength materials like liquid oxygen and hydrogen cannot be from gunpowder to hydrogen fluoride. For many overstated. The fact that oxygen boils at -288°F decades guncotton (nitrocellulose) was favored, either and hydrogen at -436°F illustrates the problem of by itself or mixed with nitroglycerin, to make a double­ storage at ordinary temperatures. When it comes to base propellant. Both nitro compounds are at once ease of handling, reliability of operation and cost of oxidants and fuels (unlike gunpowder, where the manufacture, solids are unbeatable.

6 PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC SERVICE - OCTOBER 1964 One of Canada's Black Brant research rockets ready for positioning a universal launcher at Fort Churchill's rocket range in Northern Manitoba.

s The Black Brant has a solid-fuelled engine. the Kiwi reactors', - named after the :flightless Nctw Previously, solid rocket engines required large, heavy Zealand bird, because the weight of the reactor exceeds combustion chambers because all of the loose-filled the thrust developed - have been tested on the propellant grains had to be housed and provision had Nevada desert. An,d now it is planned to have a test to be made to keep the chamber walls cool during nuclear engine ready as a third stage of a Saturn burn-up. But it was discovered that a composite launch vehicle by 1967. charge could be bonded to the inner surface of the A compact nuclear reactor may be a perequisite chamber. As a result the weight penalty was reduced, for space travel from another point of view. When thinner walls were required and the cooling problem the payload is small and the duration of the flight was less formidable. short, as were the manned flights of the Gagarins and In a composite the oxidizer, in this case ammo­ Glenns - batteries are sufficient to provide the electric nium perchlorate, is held in suspension by a rubbery power needed aboard. But if missions are to last material, a polyurethane, which is at once a castable more than three weeks, the necessary batteries or solar binder and a fuel. It must be resilient in order to cells would simply weight too much. withstand the stresses related to the wide variations in .Compact reactors capable of generating mega­ temperature. When aluminum powder is added to this watts of power pave the way for an electrical propul­ propellant mix, specific impulses in the range of sion. Indeed, simple ion engines are already at the 220-235 seconds are obtained. flight test stage. When mercury or cesium is ionized In spite of the glory and the agony of man's and accelerated by an electric-power source, the jet sudden growing-up in matters celestial, his sophistica­ of "ions" can achieve specific impulses as high as tion is that of an adolescent. A 400-second propellant 5,000 seconds for mercury, 6,500 seconds for secium. isn't enough to put earthlings onto other planets or to While exploration of far outer space must await assure their safe return. development: of these more powerful rocket engines, It has been recognized for some time that nuclear earthlings have yet to complete studies of their im­ energy could be used to heat hydrogen, for example, mediate environment - the atmosphere that exte.p.ds

to a temperature high enough to yield specific impulses some 1,000 miles above sea level. The Black Bni:fits: · of over 800 seconds. Project Rover was inaugurated flying closer to. home, are helping to carry out this at Los Alamos in 1955 with a view to developing a important research� which may have a greater bearing reactor system that would have the necessary safety, on our lives than the more spectacular shots fired reliability and high-temperature operation. Since then into outer space. .

PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC SERVICE - OCTOBER 1964 7 S. 23 C. 60 R.O.Y.T. 1958*

CRAIG P. HUGHES

Public Administrator for the Yukon Territory

You drive up alongside the house, the gravel men with a belch and a whinny of quick thunder. No, sputtering and spitting between the vise-grip of the it was a northern wind, lashing like the scourge of half-spent frost and the half-worn snow tires. As you the gods, tipped with flails of ice. get out of the car the dog noses you with a fly-scarred nose. Is this what makes the Yukon different? Is it I remember watching the trees across the road the bigness of the land? Or the smallness? Perhaps rattle in the wind. And that was the day George died. Dying can come easy in a small boat when the north it is simply that people feel a little bigger here. wind sweeps Laberge. Apart from the bicycle I never I drove home this evening. My daughter's bike met him again. I met his clothing, his bank books, was heaped in the wheels-akimbo sprawl of young his insurance policies, his landlord, his employer. I bicycles. I could remember the man who sold it. How even met the Judge who gave me an Order presuming many people in the City remember the man who sold George was dead. I met George's brother. I got to anything ? Anything except a bill of goods ? know George's family, and to know about his wife, who had died. I could look back and see things that Perhaps I had an extra reason for remembering. George had forgotten: like the time he went to the You see, I am among other things the Public Admin­ dentist and paid by cheque. Between three and six istrator, and this means, to quote from the Judicature months is usually the time I have for getting to know Ordinance: people. I try not to pry. I try to be curious. I am not interested in any of the little skeletons we are so "When any person dies whether testate or afraid people will discover after we are dead. There intestate and his lands, personal estate and is so much that is mute and pathetic in the squirrelled effects have not been taken possession of by treasures. In a way I labour in an attic of perpetual his executors or next-of-kin, the Public surprise. I never guessed that Mrs. Steele once won Administrator shall, when the facts are the Dawson City Ice Break-up Sweep. She did. In brought to his notice, forthwith take posses­ · 1946. It was worth forty-six hundred dollars. All sion of the said lands, personal estate and she had left was a newspaper clipping in a glossy effects and safely keep, preserve and protect varnished box along with hair pins and pencil stubs. them and pending the grant of probate to an I wonder what dreams she could dream when she executor or the grant of letters of Administra­ looked at that clipping. tion to an administrator, as the case may be, the Public Administrator has all the powers, In three to six months most estates are tidied up; rights and duties of an executor or admin­ the bills are put to bed, the tradesmen placated, the istrator." duns reconciled to the blunt facts of insolvency. I Put like that it looks like work. Stated in terms of have more insolvent estates than you can shake a stick people you have known it is all part of living. Take at. People with large bank accounts generally have George, who sold the bicycle. Last fall he was a next-of-kin. The cynic might say that there is a decent fellow, alive and set to go after bird around statistical inter-relationship in which the number of Lake Laberge. Years of living in Canada hadn't quite relatives varies directly as the value of the assets. burned off the southern-countries accent which he had brought over from England. And who was he with? Sometimes of course there are relatives, but they A couple of fellows with homes and jobs and places are too far away. A favourite place for the deceased they had come from and places they planned to go to. to have had antecedents is Russia or, worse still, The wind changed all that. Bessarabia, which isn't there any more. There were many who came to the Yukon from those places. I But is wasn't one of your City skirt-frolicking winds. It wasn't a summer storm annoying the yacht- have learned that when one dies the smart thing to do is speak to Mike. In a heavy accent he will trace out • This is a lawyer's code for Section 23, Chapter 60, Revised Ordinances for me the cousins and the aunts, the Vladimars and of the Yukon Territory, 1958, which may be cited as the Judicature Ordinance. the !vans, the old names and the new alphabet. Mike Mr. Hughes' article is reprinted from the September-October issue of "North" a bi-monthly publication of the Northern Administration will know it all. He will do anything I ask. At least, Branch, Department of Northern Affairs and National Resources, with kind permission of the editor, Mr. H. Howith, and the author. this raw-boned old Russian will do everything except

8 PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC SERVICE - OCTOBER 1964 one thing. I keep asking him to make a Will, or a dry in the spring. Must have been made right. The list of relatives, or a list of· assets. He laughs a same as Harry. rumbling, gold-toothed smile and says "No hurry. Some day I make like you ask". Some mornings Harry had owned a gold watch and a chain of when he has obviously been celebrating an orthodox sluice-box nuggets. To Harry's self-esteem each nugget saint according to the old calendar I think there is more was worth a fortune. He showed it to the visitors. An need to hurry than Mike admits. When his eye is red An old man with a dream. old man painting his and the grey stubble stiffens his chin he begins to look memories. The jeweller is a man who decks his win­ dows with dreams but he doesn't buy them. Fifty his true age of eighty-plus, but a few hairs from the dog that bit him restore him to a perennial sixty-year­ dollars for an old man's dreams. The links were brass; old. the nuggets worn and rounded and small; the watch was polished thin with sixty years of waist-coating. No, They are not all from Russia. Mr. Ferguson the nuggets and the watch were not sold for trade. I was from Ireland, a Rhodes scholar marooned in the could have saved myself trouble, but I think dreams Yukon. He left a small estate and a network of kin are worth saving. Harry's friends felt the same way. spread about the world in the layered filigree that the You can see Harry's watch and chain in the museum Irish work into their lace and their family trees. Mr. at Dawson now. You can see how Harry lived, too. Ferguson also left two old lacrosse sticks. Lacrosse His friends are furnishing a corner of the museum sticks do not lend themselves to easy division among with the things from the cabin. I suppose I should twenty or thirty relatives. They (the sticks) are now have sold them. Might have raised thirty or forty in the Dawson Museum. dollars. Let's say they are on loan to the museum.

But the disposal of effects like lacrosse sticks And to think that one Public Administrator re­ offers no problems once you have learned to find a signed because the job didn't pay enough. I have market for radios and razors, kit-bags and cabins. The never been so richly paid. To know people through · Public Administrator is a sort of super-junkman. You their estates is a little like having a still picture of theni.

want it, we have it. Gold claims, silver mines, grizz­ Live peopl� move and change so fast you never know ·' lies, rockers, tractors, trucks. Shotguns, rifles, murder them. The letters. "Dear Harry". "Dear Harry". And weapons, power boats, watches which work, watches the writing changes. "Dear Cousin Harry, You will which won't. be sorry to hear ..." "Dear Uncle Harry, Mother died last week ..." �nd now my letters have gone out.

And there was Shorty Creek. I almost had a "Dear Madam, I 'regret to inform ... " · buyer for some machinery the deceased hadn't owned. But I never got to Shorty Creek; I went to Mush Lake There are many I will never know. I look after people who, because of some crochet in their brain, and Alder Creek. All day long the .four-wheel drive truck scrambled over rocks and gouged through have been declared rh.ad. They are shadowy and unreal. muskeg. Shorty Creek kept retreating coyly, and the I have one such who was declared mad nearly sixty myth of the machinery persisted until the snow went years ago. There's something wrong here, something out this summer. I should have made a fast deal last wrong in me, in my approach. Why do I feel that the fall on an as-is-where-is basis; after all, it was the dead men are more alive and the mad more dead? prospective buyer who first told me the old-timer Even when they get better I never know them. I had mining machinery on his claim. So being Public wonder whether it is because I ask myself what my Administrator can start you on a good wild-goose chase. administrator will one day remark on in my effects and my affairs? I contemplate the certainty of my own Harry Leamon. Name familiar? It is to a lot demise and the almost equal certainty of someone of people. A good name. A good man. A decent, administering my estate. I do not entertain any pros­ quiet man with the unstudittd good manners of a pect of insanity. I have a kinship with the dead because town in the English shires. I had seen Harry sitting death is for all of us. But these thoughts are not part with his Guinness of an evening. I had seen him many of the job. times. An old gentleman. A Guinness. Going home quietly in the evening. In f,act the job can be done without thought. A man dies. Bury him. Realize the value of the estate. In the summer Harry showed visitors round his Advertise: Pay debts. Sue debtors. File returns. little mine. He took them to his cabin. Every year Distribute proceeds. Charge f-ees. Close file. Bang. the roof sagged lower and the door twisted and yawned. Bang. Bang.

The visitor ducked under the lintel of the crouching -':.. .-. .. door and stood on a protesting .rough wood flnor I guess the other Public Administrator was right. which sl9ped sharply from port to starboard. Clean. His job didn't pay·. enough. Even after Harry had died and a Yukon winter had But mine does. * barred the door to the Creek the cabin was taut and

PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC SERVICE - OCTOBER 1964 9 The Definition Of A Professional

For many years scholars have been attempting to Many articles written on professionalism have define professionalism. The definitions put forward been concerned with the characteristics of professional have been so varied that one can find significant dif­ bodies and with their differences to non-professional ferences between one and another. Probably the most bodies. In other words, the efforts have been con­ comprehensive definition of professional employment centrated on trying to differentiate between doctors, on record can be found in the United States Labour lawyers, and engineers in contrast with the other work­ Management Relations Act of 194 7, commonly known ing segments of the population such as storekeepers, as the Taft-Hartley Act. salesmen, technicians etc. Since these professions stand on their own in private enterprise, it is easy to dis­ 12 Section of this Act reads as follows: tinguish between the characteristics of a doctor or a lawyer and those of an ordinary storekeeper or retailer. The term "professional employee" means - However, it is more difficult to distinguish between pro­ (a) any employee engaged in work fessionals and non professionals when both work along side each other for the same employer, and this is the (i) predominantly intellectual and varied in difficulty we are faced with in defining professionalism character as opposed to routine mental, in the Public Service. manual, mechanical, or physical work. The Public Service is Canada's largest employer. (ii) involving the consistent exercises of dis­ Its main product, service, puts it into the category of cretion and judgment in its performance. labour intensive employers. The size and diversity of the service rendered forces the federal government to (iii) of such a· character that the output pro­ employ a cross section of almost all of the occupations duced or the result accomplished canhot found in the country that are not employed in the direct be standardized in relation to a given production of goods. For many of these occupations, period of time. significant lines of demarcation can be established (iv) requiring knowledge of an advanced type between one and another in terms of qualifications; but, in a field of science or learning custom­ leaving qualifications aside we must be able to dis­ arily acquired by a prolonged course of tinguish between professionals and non-professionals on specialized intellectual instruction and the basis of the degree of skill and extent of knowledge study in an institution of higher learning required in the performance of the duties of the given or a hospital, as distinguished from a position and, the level of responsibility which must be general academic education or from an assumed in consequence of the discharge of these apprenticeship or from training in the duties. performance of routine mental, manual These two criteria enable us to identify the main or physical process; or characteristics of professional employment. (b) any employee who (a) Degree of Skill and Extent of (i) has completed the courses of specialized Knowledge Required intellectual instruction and study des­ The skill and knowledge required of professional cribed in clause (iv) or paragraph (a) employment is acquired intellectually after involved and and lengthy study. The quality of the final product (ii) is performing related work under the of the professional is determined by the intellectual supervision of a professional person to contribution to the job. For example, the cabinet qualify himself to become a professional maker and the surgeon can be designated as possessing employee as defined in paragraph (a) similar manual skills, however the skills of the surgeon The Oxford dictionary is more concise in its defi­ are backed by years of involved study of the human nition of professionalism. Oxford defines professional­ anatomy and all its complex functions while those of ism as a "vocation in which the professed knowledge the cabinet maker are backed by a limited study of of some department of learning or science is used in carpentry and various methods of wood-working. The its application to the affairs of others or in the practice success of the surgeon's work is due not only to his of an art founded upon it". manual skill in cutting up his patient but to his com-

10 PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC SERVICE - OCTOBER 1964 petent diagnostic ability and his decision as to the employees in the Public Service and possesses the right appropriate treatment. The success of the cabinet to represent these employees. In order to do this maker is due to his manual skill as well as to the tools effectively, the Institute must establish the boundaries he uses. The professional employee possesses the within which a public service employee can becorrie a ability to recognize problems, marshal facts, sift essen­ member, and the authorities must recognize the right tial information from unessential information, organize of the Professional Institute to represent the profes­ his effort and think or carry the problems through sional employees falling within these boundaries. logical processes to sound conclusions. The By-Laws of the Professional Institute stipulate (b) Responsibility in the Discharge of his Duties that active members of the Institute are required "to occupy a position in the Public Service of Canada in The level of responsibility in the discharge of the employment subject to the Public Service Super­ duties of a professional employee can be measured by annuation Act, where such employment is in a profes­ the impact of his decisions on people and on finances. sional capacity, or in the direction or administration of The engineer's decision on a particular plan for a bridge professional work". They also establish the following will be important for the safety of people who will educational qualifications: "graduation from a univer­ cross it as well as to the cost to the person building it. sity or college of recognized standing, or, corporate The professional man contributes in the administration membership (or as otherwise noted) in one or more of and improvement of the employer's well being and the professional associations, institutes or societies works to increase the employer's future potential. His (These are listed in the regulations), or, qualifications decision may change significantly the work content of equivalent to the above". Consequently to be a mem­ his employers function and lead to a re-direction of ber of the Professional Institute an employee must be a his employers activities. person who performs work which involves consistent (c) Personal Qualities exercise of discretion and judgment with personal responsibility for results and which requires knowledge The professional employee feels a need for inde­ of a distinct type in a field of science or learning pendence and freedom of thought and action. He customarily acquired by a prolonged course of spe­ has drive and thrives on knowledge. He has an urge cialized intellectual instruction and study in an institut� to solve problems and he has the desire to transmit his of higher learning. For membership purposes the term findings and build on them. He seeks new and better "qualifications equivalent to the above" includes per­ ways to accomplish his objectives and needs approval sons who have achieved senior administrative positions of his intellectual accomplishments which are a major of a level equivalent to classification of Administrative source of prestige to him. Officer 4 and ab01ve. l T ME1viBERSHIP REQUIREMENTS OF All classes for which university graduation is a THE PROFESSIONAL INSTITUTE requirement for a majority of the employees, or cor­ porate membership in professional associations such So far we have described the nature of professional as those in the accounting field, the Canadian Nurses employment. The next step leads us to consider the Association or othe! national associations which are place of the Professional Institute in this setting. The generally accorded professional status, are considered Professional Institute is the association of professional to be professional classes.

THE EXECUTIVE PENTHOUSE Morrison & Elvidge Limited A Supper Nightclub in HOTEL DUVERNAY Travel Agency 207 Main St., Hull SANDRA O'NEIL Agents for Appearing Oct. 5 - 17

STEAMSHIP LINES • AIRLINES RAILWAYS - BUS LINES

TOURS • HOTELS

•

222 Elgin St. Tel.: Ottawa Ottawa 232-9663 Appearing Oct. 19 - 31 3 SHOWS NIGHTLY

JONES PHOTO E;NGR AVE RS LTD. Quality Engraving by an Ottawa Owned Firm 216- MURRAY ST., OTTAWA 236-3044

PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC SERVICE - OCTOBER 1964 11 Canada's Scientific Detectives Track Down Meteorite Craters

D. A. SHENSTONE * Department of Mines and Technical Surveys

Airphoto of New Quebec crater

D.A. SHENSTONE

The spectacular photos taken by the cameras of perfectly symmetrical is its shape co�pared with the Ranger VII have shown us the myriad craters on the other lakes around it. moon's surface caused by gigantic bombarding meteor­ This is Canada's famous New Quebec crater, at ites and the widespread debris splashed out from their the time of its discovery the largest meteorite crater impact. It is natural that our thoughts should turn known. Although the year of its discovery is uncertain, from the moon to our own planet and that we should it is shown on USAF airphotos of 1943. Apparently wonder if the earth too, and Canada in particular, was its striking appearance among the wilderness of lakes bombarded in the same way. and rocky barrens served as a useful navigational Because the moon's face is barren of vegetation, landmark to airmen. the pits made by meteorites over countless years show clearly on its surface. Not so the earth, where trees It took some years for rumours of the crater's and other plant life have clothed the scars; erosion existence to come to the notice of scientists, and even 50 and glacial action have smoothed and filled the pits, then the first tentative exploration in 19 was kept and until recent years no craters were known in Canada. secret because of the possibility that the crater might contain diamonds ! Needless to say, it did not. It was not until we took to the air with cameras and viewed the earth's surface from thousand of feet It was not until 1953, ten years after it was first above it that our craters began to reveal themselves. photographed, that scientists of the Department of Although other countries claim both proven and sus­ Mines and Technical Surveys made an on-the-spot ex­ pected meteorite craters within their boundaries, Can­ ploration of the crater. From new airphotos and exam­ ada has taken the lead in an organized search for such ination of the crater they were able to tell that it was craters. It all started this way ... more than ten thousand years old and formed by the impact of a meteorite sometime before the last period In northern Quebec, in the region once called the of glaciation. Since then the erosion of wind, water Ungava peninsula and now known as New Quebec, and the clawing fingers ·of retreating glaciers have lies a circular lake two miles in diameter; from the air levelled the land and smoothed the ring of upthrown it looks like a silver coin tossed on the ground, so rock that once surrounded it. But even now it is more

• Mr. Shenstone, Editors and Information Officers Group, is a member than 800 feet deep. of the Journal and Publicity Committee of the Institute and heads th,e general edttmg secuon of the Department of Mines and Technicru Surveys. The Dominion Observatory, whose scientists have been in­ The surrounding area shows a series of rifts or vestigating meteorite craters for some years, is a branch of this De­ partment. valleys that radiate from the centre of the crater, as if

12 PROFESSIO NAL PUBLIC SERVICE- OCTOBER 1964 ·'

the bedrock had been shattered and cracked by a but it lies in dens� bush country and more than half cataclysmic impact. Since that distant day the cracks its centre is wooded and quite flat. To the observer have been ground and deepened by the forces of nature. on the gorund no depression can be seen, but there are certain features that point to an unusual origin. For First news of the New Quebec crater sparked a one, no bedrock outcrops are found in the central area, search for other such features in Canada. Since the although they appear outside the circle. Exploring the New Quebec crater had been found in Canada's great general area of the rim it was found that rocks that Precambrian Shield - a solid backbone of granite were folded and deformed during the early stages of that covers almost half the country and has changed the earth's formation are abruptly cut off at one rim but little throughout geologic time - this seemed a of the circle and recommence at the opposite rim. good place to search for other ancien craters. Thousand Drainage channels radiate from the centre of the area 1951 of airphotos of the Shield were examined until in in all directions. The floor of the crater bears a thick researchers spotted another circular feature on a high­ cover of sand, gravel, clay and boulders, and a sequence level, vertical airphoto. of sedimentary rocks indicating that it is much older than the New Quebec crater. In dense woods, north of Algonquin Park, not ·' very far from the birthplace of the Dionne Quints, the All of this evidence was not enough to confirm margins of two lakes seemed to form part of a circle; the theory of a meteorite-impact crater, however. The a ridge of high ground clearly visible on the airphoto circular pattern of the Brent ,feature could have been seemed to join the lake margins to complete the circle. caused by any of a numbet of ancient cataclysmic The centre appeared soli<;!, dense with bush. phenomena that, over the eons, had been eroded and No time was lost in examining this find. In the ground down to the level of the surrounding land. summer of 1951 scientists converged on the village of Perhaps it -had been an age-old volcanic structure, an Brent, a divisional point on the CNR transcontinental enormous frost heave, or an aocient forcing upwards line. From there, logging trails led 3 miles through the of molten rock that had solidified in a circular knob. bush to Gilmour Lake, the larger of the two lakes These and other possibilities had to be probed apd - • disproven before the theory of impact could be seriously ·· outlining the feature. During this and later expeditions ' a full-scale scientific examination was inade. considered. . As far 'as size is concerned, the Brent crater is If it could .be proven that, beneath the crater's almost an exact duplicate of the New Quebec crater, centre there was deeply shattered rock, the result of

PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC SERVICE- OCTOBER 1964 13 Low-level vertical airphoto of the Brent crater, showing the densely wooded terrain.

a tremendous shock of impact; if cracks or rifts radi­ that the earth exerts at different points. The density of ated from its centre; if the slopes of the crater could underground bodies is measured and readings are made ' be measured and could be shown to conform to a known at numerous points, resulting finally in a graph that gradient; if these and many other details could be shows, in effect, the contours of underground density. proven beyond reasonable doubt, then and then only Over the Brent feature the gravity contours revealed could it be identified as a meteorite crater. a circular pattern of low-density material within the circle, and higher density material outside. From this Reaching into their bag of tricks, the scientist­ it was established that the area inside the circle, beneath detectives brought into play a comparative newcomer the sand and loose gravel, was made up of shattered or in the field of prospecting, the science of geophysics, fragmented material, some of which had probably be­ developed in quite recent years as a valuable aid in come cemented together over the ages - known as locating metals, petroleum and other minerals buried breccia - but was still not as homogeneous as the at great depths beneath the earth. Geophysics is, in age-old solid granite surrounding it. And from this a way, a science of comparison and deduction, in which too, it was deduced that the depth of the original gravity, magnetic and seismic investigations all send crater floor was more than 900 feet below the present sensitive fingers probing many hundreds of feet beneath ground level. the earth's mantle, each one evaluating a different set of possibilities. A negative report is as valuable as an As another geophysical approach, a magnetic in­ affirmative one, and by elimination and deduction a vestigation was then carried out. This is done either basis of probability is built up. by setting up a portable magnetic device at many points First, a gravity survey was made over the Brent on the ground or by flying the equipment over the crater. By using delicate scientific instruments it is area at low altitude. Scientists have learned that the possible to measure the varying intensity of attraction magnetic properties of rock vary considerably and that

14 PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC SERVICE - OCTOBER 1964 Airphoto of Holleford crater. East rim of crater extends to lake at lower right edge of photo.

certain formations procure certain magnetic values. and its depth beneath the surface, can be deduced with Simply stated, for example, granite rocks of the Pre­ considerable accuracy. Shots were fired inside the Brent cambrian Shield usually produce higher magnetic crater and on its rim, from which it was found that values than, say, the Alberta wheatlands. Between sedimentary material - the layers of rocks, sand, these two extremes lie many shades of difference de­ vegetal matter etc. deposited by ancien seas and glaciers pending on the nature of the underlying rocks. --was about 300 feet thick near the rim and deepened to 1,000 feet towards the centre. Beneath this lay Both the ground and air method were used at fragmented rock and breccia for another 4,000 feet. Brent and the contour map produced showed a pro­ The results of this test too were in substantial agree­ nounced contrast between magnetic values inside the ment with those of the gravity and magnetic tests, and crater's circle and those outside, the gradient being the picture began to clarify. lower inside. This was attributed to fragmented rock and breccia. Here, then was the probability that at the As a final test, diamond-drill holes were sunk in centre of the Brent feature, buried deeply beneath sand, the centre £!nd rim and it was found that at its deepest gravel and sedimentary rock, Jay many feet of shattered the original floor of the crater was some 1,000 feet rock of the same type as had remained undisturbed below the surrounding land. The diamond drill brought outside the circle, thus confirming the finding of the up cores, or cylindrical samples ·of rock for close gravity investigation. examination. From these it was proven that the seismic The next test was a seismic survey, in which deduction of depth was accurate, that there was indeed numerous holes a few feet deep are drilled and explosive'· shattered, and even 1pelted rock in the centre, but none charges are set off in them. In simplified terms, the outside at a similar depth, and that the slopes of the refracted shock waves set up by these explosions can crater fitted the theoretical model of a meteorite impact be measured and the type of material underground, crater.

PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC SERVICE- OCTOBER 1964 15 Aerial mosaic of Deep Bay crater. North at the top; diameter of the lake is about 7 miles.

Adding all these facts together, the conclusion and east-west by roads and no evidence of a crater's was all but inescapable that this was an ancient meteor­ presence is apparent from the ground. ite crater some two miles wide, originally 800 to 1,000 Not every circular feature found on airphotos feet deep, and about 500 million years old. proved to be a meteorite crater but the search con­ No further impetus was needed to press the search tinued on maps, on photos and on the ground. for more craters. Accustomed perhaps to pin-pointing circular A short time later, near the hamlet of Holleford, features a couple of miles in diameter, researchers at Ont., some 17 miles north of Kingston, another circular first may have overlooked a round bay in northern pattern was discovered on an airphoto. The Holleford Saskatchewan, a tremendous 71h miles in diameter. ·crater, as it came to be known, is slightly smaller and This is Deep Bay, visible on any map of Canada, and shallower, and probably older, than the other two, comprising the southeastern part of island-dotted Rein­ but generally speaking similar investigations of its deer Lake, lying astride the Saskatchewan-Manitoba origin brought similar results. boundary some 200 miles north of Flin Flon. To date this is the greatest find of all and a full-scale investiga­ At Holleford, there is a central depression of bog tion of it has been completed. and woodland a few feet lower than the surrounding land. It seems probable that at one time a lake filled Remote and difficult of access, the Deep Bay area this lowland but the forces of nature have planed off is inhabited only by Indian trappers. The investigating the northern rim level with the crater floor, and the parties were flown in from Lac La Ronde. The first water has drained out. A narrow neck of bogland leads thing that struck the investigators was the absence of from the crater's centre to an extensive area of wet, island in the bay, in sharp contrast to the hundreds of wooded ground. The crater area is crossed north-south islands that dot the rest of Reindeer Lake; the shore-

16 PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC SERVICE - OCTOBER 1964 Aerial mosaic of Clearwater Lake. The larger lake is 20 miles in diameter, the smaller about 15 miles. line too, is regular and without sheltered bays and inlets, The discovery of this crater was a milestone for while the shores of the main lake are ragged and the researchers and scientists, and many more circular uneven. features were marked for investigation.

The explosion that ploughed this giant cavity in But one possibility so gigantic that it staggers the the solid rock of the earth's surface must have been imagination is the vast, semi-circular shoreline taking tremendous. Giant cracks and fissures radiating for up half the east coast of Hudson Bay, holding the iron­ several miles from its centre are still visible. It is even rich Belcher Islands in its arc. Could this curved coast­ thought that a nearby lake, 3 miles long, was originally line be one side of a colossal crater 275 miles in a gigantic fracture caused by the tremendous shock of diameter ? And what of the two circular bays of impact. Also supporting the meteoritic impact theory Clearwater Lake, clearly visible on any map of Canada, is the great depth of the bay compared with that of each 20 miles across, a mere 75 miles inland from the rest of Reindeer Lake. Deep Bay is one of the Hudson Bay ? Could they not have been formed by " "bottomless' bodies of water that tales are told of. some of the many enormous rocks flung out by a The main lake averages 150 feet in depth, whereas the shattering holocaust that must have made the very 500 bay dips sharply to feet and eventually to almost planet tremble ? 800 feet. The continuity of the rock structure breaks off sharply at the edge of the lake and continues 7 miles It is not .simple curiosity that spurs our scientist­ farther at the opposite rim. Although the original rim detectives to search for craters on the earth. From these · of upthrown rock has been deeply eroded, the crater's · investigations they. :hope to find answers to the early rim still stands an average of 270 feet above the waters history of the earth, and better understanding of the of the bay, indeed, in some places rising precipitously relationships between this planet, its myriad stars, its more than 400 feet. sun and moon.

PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC SERViCE - OCTOBER 1964 17 The Origin Of The Two Minute Silence*

On January 25, 1929, "Candidus," a well known who had pa sed away), and when two minutes had writer of the London Daily Sketch, reported his re­ elapsed to sound the Reveille. It was a most solemn and search into the origin of the two minute silence on inspiring function-- the effect most magical- a city Armistice Day, described as being "the world's greatest spontaneously at prayer'. "There was always a great and must inspiring ceremony". crowd in Adderley Street at midday, but the observance (writes another correspondent), seemed even more "The date on which the silence was first observed striking in the less frequented streets, where pedestrians was May 14th, 1918, and the place, Cape Town. The and vehicles would reverently stop on hearing the first German offensive on the Western Front was still unex­ note of the bugle." For the first two or three times the haustecl and the situation more critical than at any time Silence was for three minutes, but after that it was for in the war, except perhaps in April, 1917, when the two minutes, and this Silence was observed every day destruction of our ships by German submarines was at at the same time until Armistice was signed. Observe its height. But the gravity of that crisis passed without that in Cape Town the Silence was not merely a time being generally realized, whereas in 1918 everyone was for thought about those who had fallen but also for distracted with anxiety not only for the safety of son, prayer for victory and for the safety and honour of father, husband, brother, sweetheart or friend at the those who were still fighting. This was continued for front, but for the successful issue of the war. In those nearly six months after the first Silence in Cape Town. terrible days the Bishop of Pretoria suggested that a , prayer should be offered up at noon for the safety of "Reuter's correspondent in Cape Town cabled a the boys. The Mayor of Cape Town at the time was full description of the ceremony to London, and this Sir Harry Hands, who was also chairman of the Cape was distributed all over the country and re-cabled to Town Recruiting Committee. This Committee used to other Dominions. Within a few weeks Reuter's agency meet almost every day, and, on the initiative of Sir in Cape Town received some press cables from London Harry Hands, it was decided to act on the suggestion of stating that the ceremony had been adopted in two Eng­ the Bishop and it was left to the Mayor to make ar­ lish provincial towns and later by others, including rangements. That was at the end of April. Accord­ towns in Canada and Australia. The astounding British ingly, he made a general appeal to the citizens of Cape victories in the last hundred days answered the prayers Town, and interviewed or wrote to the tramway com­ for victory even while they were offered, and when the pany .and all who controlled traffice. Armistice came the idea of the Silence as in part, at any rate, a prayer for victory lapsed. But the idea of the "From the first day the Silence was most impres­ Silence as a time of remembrance remained. How it sively and solemnly observed. 'Our procedure', writes came to be adopted universally is, I dare say, a story one of my correspondents, 'was, immediately after the that may some day be told. But by Armistice Day it firing of the noon-day gun, for a bugler stationed on the was in the air everywhere and spread of its own accord balcony of Cartwright's Building in Adderley Street­ without much prompting. The important human facts the most prominent building in the main thoroughfare are that it had originated in Cape Town six months - to sound the Last Post (in honour of the brave men before and that its first begetters were Sir Harry • Reprinted frcm "The Dome", December 1930, the official publicaLion of the Saskatchewan Government Employees' Association. Hands and the Bishop of Pretoria.

General Meeting - Special Seminar

The Changing Pattern Of Salary Determination For

Professional Employees In The Public Service

All members of the institute ore invited to attend this seminar and to toke on active port in the discussion period.

Participants will be Mr. R. G. MacNeill, Chairman of the Civil Service Commission, Miss Ruth Addison, Civil Service

Commissioner and Chairman of the Selection Committee for Senior Officer, and Dr. F. T. Rosser, Vice President, National

Research Council.

Time: 8 P.M. Place : Theatre, National Gallery of Canada

Date : Tuesday, November 24, 1964 Elgin and Slater Streets, Ottawa.

18 PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC SERViCE- OCTOBER 1964 SHRUBS; A HUNDRED FLOWER­ JESUS AND CHRISTIAN ORIGINS: Recent ING SHRUBS SELECTED FOR A COMMENTARY ON MODERN CONTEMPORARY HOME PLANT­ VIEWPOINTS - Hugh Anderson. Publications ING. Marjorie J. Dietz. Illus. by Ka­ New York, Oxford University Press, tharine Burton. Garden City, New 1964. 368 p. The Librarians' Group of the Profes­ York, Doubleday [1963]. 316 p. NEVER CRY WOLF - Farley Mowat. sional Institute has prepared the follow­ CONFEDERATION: ONE HUNDRED Toronto, McClelland and Stewart, ing Jist of some recent publications of YEARS LATER, DOES IT STILL 1963. 247 p. general interest to members of the Insti­ WORK; LA CONFEDERATION THE NORSE ATLANTIC SAGA; tute. Arrangements to borrow any of APRES CENT ANS, VAUT-ELLE BEING THE NORSE VOYAGES OF these publications should be made TOU JOURS ? Montreal, Les Services DJSCOVERY AND SETTLEMENT through your own Departmental Libra­ d'lnformation de Radio-Canada, 1963. TO ICELAND, GREENLAND, A­ rian, or through your local Public 94 p. (Texts of a bilingual seminar ... MERICA - Gwyn Jones. London, Library. on radio and television.) Oxford University Press, 1964. 246 p. AFGHANISTAN; ITS PEOPLE, ITS CREATIVE AGEING- Edward Bortz. PAULUS AND STALINGRAD- Wal­ SOCIETY AND ITS CULTURE - New York, Macmillan, 1963. 179 p. ter Goerlitz. London, Methuen, 1963. Donald N. Wilber and others. New (Deals with the physical, psychological 301 p. (Trans. from the German.) Haven, HRAF Press, 1962. 320 p. and economic problems of those who PENSIONS IN CANADA; A COM­ THE BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES TO­ have reached retirement age.) PENDIUM OF FACT AND OPI­ DAY - Bernard Berelson, editor. ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY - John NION. Laurence E. Coward, editor. New York, Basic Books, 1963. 278 p. W. Alexander. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.. , Sponsored by the Canadian Pension (20 papers dealing with the organiza­ Prentice-Hall, 1963. 661 p. Conference ... Don Mills, Ont., CCH tion of the behavioral sciences in the Canadian Ltd., 1964. 226 p. United States, their applications and THE EIGHTH ART: TWENTY THREE POUR L'EUROPE - Robert Schuman. methods of enquiry in a number of VIEWS OF TELEVISION TODAY. Paris, Nagel; 1963. 209 p. research fields.) New York, Holt, 1962. 269 p. (Collec­ THE CANADIAN DIPLOMAT - tion of articles by experts on the ef­ PRINCIPLES OF CODING, FILTER­ Marcel Cadieux. Toronto, University of fects of television on the lives of its ING, AND INFORMATION THEO­ Toronto Press, 1963. 113 p. (Detailed viewers.) RY-Leonard S. Schwartz. Baltimore, description of the work of the Cana­ FUNDAMENTALS OF ULTRASON­ Spartan Books, 1963. 255 p. dian diplomatic service. Translated ICS- J. Blitz. London, Butterworths, THE TWO VIET-NAMS; A POLITIC­ from the French.) 1963. 214 p. AL AND MILITARY ANALYSIS­ CHER ENNEMIES - Gwethalyn Gra­ THE GREAT MIGRATION - THE Bernard B. Fall. New York, Praeger, ham and Solange Chaput-Rolland. ATLANTIC CROSSING BY SAIL­ c1963. 493 p. Montreal, Editions du Jour, 1963. ING SHIP SINCE 1770. 2d. ed. WILLIAM LYON MACKENZIE KING, 126 p. Edwin C. Guillet. Toronto, University 1924-1932; THE LONELY HEIGHTS. THE CONCISE ENCYCLOPAEDIA of Toronto Press, 1963. 284 p. (Cana­ H. Blair Neatby. T.oronto, University OF FAV 0 RITE FLOWERING dian university paperbooks no. 16) of Toronto Press [c1963] 452 p.

LOOK AHEAD

SAVE AT CANADIAN IMPERIAL,�­ BANK OF COMMERCE MP-471

PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC SERVICE - OCTOBER 1964 19 n'y a pas de conventions en vigueur plicables au regime d'assurance-vie pre­ Au conseil avec les autres associations de fonction­ sentement en vigueur. naires. 5. Que le taux des primes soit rai­ d'administration Adhesions: Nous avons ratifie qua­ sonnable. rante-sept demandes d'adhesion. Mada­ On a pu constater que ce nouveau SEANCE DE SEPTEMBRE me Mair, qui preside ce comite, a ajoute regime serait offert de Ia meme fa<;on que deux membres du comite avaient que Ie regime d'asst1rance-vie presente­ Revision cyclique des traitements: Le presente leur demission et qu'on avait ment en vigueur. Dr Coldwell a passe en revue les der­ demande a leurs groupements respectifs Organisation et recrutement: Monsieur nieres etapes de Ia revision des traite­ de bien vouloir designer de nouveaux E. H. Peters, president de ce comite, a ments du groupe « B ». II fit part de Ia representants pour leur succeder. fait part au Conseil que diverses me­ correspondance echangee avec le Pre­ Buts et travaux: On a convenu de thodes de lancement de Ia campagne de mier ministre et de Ia reunion entre remettre a toutes les 71 dames qui par­ recrutement de cette saison etaient a Monsieur Pearson et le comite de nego­ ticiperont au voyage aerien nolise en !'etude et il a demande aux membres du ciation de Ia Conference des represen­ Europe, un petit bouquet de corsage. a Conseil de bien vouloir apporter leurs tants des fonctionnaires. !'occasion de leur depart par avion. suggestions. Le Dr Coldwell a de plus avise le On a de plus convenu qu'il fallait se Conseil a l'effet que les deliberations mettre sans delai a Ia tache d'organiser Board Notes relatives au groupe « C » allaient com­ un voyage nolise en Grande-Bretagne, mencer et qu'on avait convoque pour le au printemps de 1965, et le Bureau de SEPTEMBER MEETING 10 septembre une reunion du comite de direction a ete autori�e a entreprendre negociations. Le groupe « C » comprend les demarches voulues. Cyclical Salary Review: Dr. Coldwell quelques categories de professionnels On a de plus constate que des voyages gave an account of the final sequence of dans ses cadres, des infirmieres et des de cette nature offrent aux dirigeants de developments in the Group B review. He dieteticiennes de sorte que l'Institut s'in­ l'Institut !'occasion opportune de faire advised of an exchange of correspon­ teresse vivement a Ia protection des la connaissance de leurs confreres de dence with the Prime Minister and of droits de ces membres. Grande-Bretagne. Monsieur K. J. Sand- the meeting held with Mr. Pearson by brook, president du Comite du journal the Negotiating Committee of the Staff Conference des representants des fonc­ et de Ia publicite a bien voulu se charger Side Conference. tionnaires: Le President a fait observer de ces travaux de liaison et, au cours de Dr. Coldwell also advised the Board que les progres obtenus des deux reu­ that Group C deliberations were begin- nions du sous-comite Gordon traitant des son voyage, prendra le temps de confe- rer avec les dirigeants de l'Institut pro- ning and that a meeting of the Negotiat­ questions relatives aux secteurs autres fessionnel de Grande-Bretagne. ing Committee was scheduled for Sep- que d'interet general etaient nuls. La Caisse de retraite et assurance: Mon- tember 10. Group C also includes some Federation n'a pas revise sa position sieur Harwood, qui presentait son rap- professional classes in its make up, quant a Ia reconnaissance exclusive au port au Conseil, a ajoute que 70 p. cent nurses and dietitians so the Institute is moyen d'une majorite de 51 p. cent des de ceux qui ont repondu au question- vitally concerned in protecting the rights voix. Par consequent, l'Institut a de­ naire relatif a l'assurance-invalidite, sont of these members. fendu energiquement son · droit de re­ en faveur d'un tel regime. Le Conseil presenter les professionnels. . Staff Side Conference: The President a done autorise le Bureau de direction reported that the progress resulting from Le Dr Coldwell a declare qu'une a jeter les bases d'un regime conforme two meetings of the Gordon sub-commit- lueur d'espoir commence a poindre dans au)( exigences ci-dessous enumerees: tee dealing with matters of "less than certains secteurs. II constate que Ia cor­ 1. Les indemnites prevues devront service-wide concern" was nil. The fede­ respondance re<;ue de Monsieur Heeney etre en !ranches de $100 en especes et ration has not changed its position re­ semble indiquer que le Comite d'etudes jusqu'a concurrence de quatre !ranches. garding exclusive recognition for a 51 preliminaires sur les negociations col­ 2. Que Ies indemnites ne soient ver- per cent majority vote. The Institute has lectives ne recommandera pas Ia nego­ sees qu'apres un delai de trois mois. therefore maintained a firm stand on its ciation collective au niveau des minis­ right to represent professionals. teres. De plus, le Conseil national mixte 3. Que les indemnites ne soient plus va presser ses travaux d'etudes sur les versees au terme de Ia periode d'invali- Dr. Coldwell indicated there was a procedures de reglement des griefs afin dite ou a !'age de 60 ans, soit a Ia pre- glimmer of light beginning to show in de faire beneficier le Comite d'etudes miere de ces echeances. some areas. He noted correspondence preliminaires du fruit de ses recherches. 4. Que les primes exigees correspon- from Mr. Heeney indicated the Prepara­ Le Dr Coldwell a donne a ses colle­ dent aux categories d'age d'actuariat ap- tory Committee on Collective Bar_!!ain- gues !'assurance que l'Institut profes­ P�OTO CREDITS - The photographs on pages 5, 6 and 7 are by the National sionne.l continuera, en!_re-temps, de faire F1lm Board; t�ose on pages 12 and 13 by the Dominion Observatory; on page 14 des demarches aupres du Comite d'etu­ by the Ontano Department of Lands and Forests; and those on pages 15 ' 16 des preliminaires dans les secteurs ou il and 17 by the Dominion Observatory.

lV hen You Are Looking for the Best in This Publication is printed INVESTMENTS

Stocks Bonds Mutual Funds by

and also for experienced, specialized Investment Management LEifiDROIT Telephone - Come In - Write ---...... ::::...... "'

John Graham & Company Limited, Investment Management, 85 Sparks Street, Ottawa 4, 232-5318. Over 40 years' experience carefully serving Ottawa , OTTAWA CANADA and Area.

20 P R 0 FE S S I 0 N A L P U 8 L I C SERVICE - 0 C T 0 8 ER 1 9 6 4 ing will not be suggesting collective bar­ gaining at the departmental level. Also Fellowships the National Joint Council is going to C. D. HOWE MEMORIAL FELLOWSHIPS speed up its study of grievance proce­ dures in order to give the Preparatory The Canadian Universities Foundation Committee the benefit of its thinking. who conduct the administration of the Venture

Dr. Coldwell assured the Board the C. D. Howe Memorial Fellowships re­ Professional Institute would in the mean­ cently announced a programme of awards tenable in 1964-65. The awards time continue to make its own repre­ Investing carries sentations to the Preparatory Committee are for the assistance and encouragement in areas where agreements are not in of those who have completed their with it effect with other staff associations. formal education and whose unusual capacities of mind and character give certain risks Membership: Membership applications promise of leadership and decisive just as many other things for 47 new members were approved. achievement in their fields of learning Mrs. Mair the Committee Chairman also' and endeavour. in life do. reported that two committee members The conditions of the awards are as had resigned and their respective groups follows: had been requested to provide new re­ Number of Awards: Not less than presentatives as replacements. Needless investment risks three awards will be made each year and Aims and Activities: It was agreed each award will normally be tenable for can, of course, that each of the 71 lady passengers on one year. be avoided the charter flight to Europe would be Value of A wards: Each successful presented with a small corsage to mark candidate will receive $5,000 and, where by listening to the occasion of the flight.· applicable, reasonable travel expenses. If suggestions only from It was also agreed that arrangements a winner is married at the time of appli­ should be started immediately for a cation, an additional allowance of $2,000 people who charter flight to Britain in the spring of will be paid plus, where applicable, travel . 1965 and the Executive Committee was expenses of family. are knowledgeable about authorized to make the necessary arran­ Where Tenable: There will be no res- gements. triction upon the location where awards investing. are tenable except that it must be suit- It }Vas.noted that trips such as these able to the programme of work .to be provided a useful occasion· for Institute undertaken. Our personnel are officers to meet with their British couQt�r­ Eligibility: The awards may be held parts. Mr. K. J. Sandbrook Chairman of by men or women who are Canadian experienced, the Journal and Publicity Com�iHee a citizens, or who are normally resident in member of the current charter flight, our facilities are Canada, and who hold a doctoral degree s agreed to undertake such liaison work 1, Or have attained an equivalent JeveJ Of effiCient I and will take time out during his trip achievement in scholarly or applied fields. to confer with officials of the British Preference will be given to those can- OUr service is Professional Institution. didates who are not more than 35 years accurate, Superannuation and Insurance: Mr. of age at the time of application. Hardwood in reporting to the Board Method of Application: Candidates our help is advised that 70 per cent of the respon­ may either be nominated by an institu­ dents to the questionnaire on disability tion or,. may make direct application: yours. insurance favoured such a plan. The Nominations An institution or orga­ Board then authorized the Executive to nizati�n wishing to nominate candidates proceed with the setting up of a plan should submit a letter of nomination to Your inquiries are with the following specifications: the address shown below. Application forms will be sent directly to the nomi­ cordially invited. 1. The income benefits be in units nees. of $100.00 cash up to a maximum of Direct Application A candidate wish­ Contact four units. ing to ·make direct application should 2. The income commence after a request :appropriate forms from the ad­ DAVID G. WOOLDRIDGE three month waiting period. dress ·shown below. Application • forms

3. The income benefit cease at the must be completed in quadruplicate and sent to the address shown below to ar­ termination of disability or age 60, which STOCKS- BONDS rive not.Jater than November 7, I ever is sooner. 964. Method of Selection: Preliminary COMMODITIES 4. The premiums charged should cor­ screening of applications will be made • respond with the age blocks applicable by a Cqinmittee appointed by the Cana­ to premiums under the present Life dian Un·iversities Foundation. Candidates Insurance Plan. � selected by the Preliminary Screening - 5. The cost be reasonable. Committee will be invited to · appear before the Selection Committee,. made It was noted that the plan would be up of academic personnel and members offered on the same basis as the Group of the Board of Directors of the C. D. Life Plan presently in effect. Howe Memorial Foundation, who will Organization and Recruitment: Mr. choose the winners. E. H. Peters, committee chairman in­ For Furthei· Information: To request formed the Board that different methods application forms; o� submit applications, · of initiating the current seasons recruit­ address: ing campaign was being considered and Director ·of Awards, 29 METCALFE STREET, OTTAWA 4, ONTARIO he requested suggestions from Board Canadian. Universities Foundation, members. 75 Albert St., Ottawa, Ontario.

PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC SERVICE - OCTOBER 1964 21 This sort of "bouleversement of the Dr. R. M. Hochster, Chief of the c.s.c. democratic system" would bring many Biochemistry Section of the Microbiol­ men from the bottom to the top, Dr. ogy Research Institute has been ap­ News Cappon declared. These were the men pointed Associate Editor of the Canadian of mediocrity and uniformity whose Journal of Biochemistry as of January R. G. MacNeill, chairman of the Civil motto might be that given to British I, 1964. Service Commission of Canada, an­ Civil Servants - "nothing should ever nounced the end of September impor­ be done for the first time". Retirements tant organizational changes within the Earlier in his address, Dr. Cappon Commission. He said that these changes referred to observations that in Britain, were required as a result of the decision Dr. G. M. Stir­ the parliamentary system was bogging to proceed immediately with a compre­ rett, Biologists down if not actually becoming obviate. hensive revision of the present systems and Anthropol­ of classification and pay applying to civil "The work of the government is done ogists Group re­ servants and prevailing rate employees, in Whitehall, by the Civil Servants. tired September 7, 1964 after 38 along lines developed by the Preparatory "And certainly," Dr. Cappon said y e a r s govern­ Committee on Collective Barganing in firmly, "a Confucian type of bureau­ ment service. the Public Service. cracy such as retarded the development During most of The Commission has established a of China for a millenium is not the this time he was special unit, the Bureau of Classification answer." a member of Revision, to develop and implement a the Professional comprehensive new classification plan in Institute. consultation with departments, interested Dr. Stirrett agencies and staff associations. The ADVISORY COUNCIL served 22 years direction of the new bureau has been MEETING as head of the Entomological Labora­ entrusted to J. D. Love, who will also tory, Chatham, Ontario, a unit of the continue to serve as secretary of the The first fall meeting of the Science Service Department of A�ri�ul­ preparatory committee. ture, ten years as Wildlife Biologist for ADVISORY COUNCIL OF THE INSTITUTE The administration of the existing clas­ Ontario under the Canadian Wildlife sification system during the transition wi II discuss the important question Service with offices in Kingston, Ontario, period has also been assigned to a new and six years as Chief Naturalist, Na­ "SHOULD THIS ADVISORY unit, the classification branch. J. M. Gar­ tional Parks Branch, Ottawa. neau, previously assistant director of the COUNCIL BE ABOLISHED" Dr. Stirrett is a graduate of the Uni­ operations branch, has been appointed (Moderator - Mr. C. F. Gilhooly) versity of Toronto 1922, and holds a director. Masters degree from Purdue University 8 p.m. Tuesday The chairman also stated that the 1924 and a doctorate from the Univer­ staffing functions of the Commission were October 27, 1964 sity of Minnesota 1937. (Ph.D. in being re-organized under C. R. Patterson. biology) Charles Camsell Hall Similarly, the provision of staff support While with Science Service, Dr. Stir­ to the Commission in the development Department of Mines and rett was in charge of the research on of recommendations to the Treasury Technical Surveys the European corn borer, and other field Board on rates of pay and conditions of crop and garden insects in the inteJ;J.sive service pending collective bargaining was 588 Booth Street, Ottawa agricultural district of Southern Ontario. being re-organized under K. R. Scobie. He was instrumental in having a modern research and administrative building "Meddler" established at Chatham. His work in the Members wildlife service was mainly research and investigations dealing with wildlife Ottawa Citizen, September 10, 1964 but especially waterfowl and geese in FREDERICTON - Federal Civil Ser­ In The News the James Bqy area. vants have been cast somewhat in the In 1959, Dr. Stirrett was selected to role of incipient meddlers, via a speech Dr. A. L. Needler, Fisheries Group, introduce and develop the natural history made before a meeting of Conservative and Deputy Minister of Fisheries repre­ and interpretation work in the National sented Canada at a recent conference party members here. · Parks of Canada. He was the first held in Ottawa seeking agreement on This rather uncharitable view of the modifying the treaty under which the biologist-naturalist appointed to the Na­ Civil Service was put forward by Dr. International North Pacific Fisheries tional Parks. Daniel Cappon, assistant professor of Commission was established in 1953. Elgin Senn, Chief, Grading Section, psychiatry at the University of Toronto. Other delegates included Benjamin A. Livestock Division, Production and Smith representing the United States He warned that if the image of Parlia­ Marketing Branch, Department of Agri­ and M. Matsuoka representing Japan. ment deteriorated further, decision-mak­ culture retired on October 1st after 3 ing could slip "into the hidden hands of Dr. H. Katznelson, Director of the years' service with the Department. Microbiology Research Institute, Re­ Civil Service bureaucracy". search Branch, Canada Department of Mr. Senn graduated from the Ontario This would be regression with a ven­ Agriculture was elected Chairman of the Agricultural College in 1923 and served geance, Dr. Cappon told his Conservative Agricultural and Industrial Division of with the Ontario Department of Agri­ listeners. the American Society for Microbiology culture as an agricultural representative at its 64th Annual Meeting, May 3-7, He said it seemed the two party sys­ in the Thunder Bay district and Essex 1964, in Washington, D.C. He has also tem was well-rotted in Canada. But County from 1923 to 1929. been elected a member of the Advisory should it fail and decision-making be He was Assistant Manager, Border Council (representing Canada) of the taken over by the Civil Service, "this newly created Se«tion on Economic and City Chamber of Commerce, Windsor, would be regression into the umbrous Applied Microbiology of the Interna­ Ontario, prior to joining the grading recess of monkish cells whence the Dark tional Association of Microbiological staff of the Canada Department of Ages were governed". Societies. Agriculture.

22 P R 0 F E S S I 0 N A L P U B L I C S E R V I C E - 0 C T 0 B E R 1 9 6 4 Mr. Senn has been a member of the tion there. His early travels took him David Jack, Civil, Survey and Public Professional Institute since March 1945. to South Africa, Australia, the Straits Works Engineers Group, died in hospital He served as National Director of the Settlements, the Philippine Islands, Hong at Winnipeg August 10. Agricultural Institute of Canada; a Past Kong, Borneo and Ceylon. His diver­ Born in Dundee, Scotland, Mr. Jack President of the Canadian Society of sified career included running a tailor's came to Canada with his parents in 1916, Animal Production, and is a member of shop in Melbourne, a mail order busi­ residing in Hamilton Ontario. He receiv­ the Ontario Institute of Professional ness in London England as well as being ed his education in Ontario and attended Agrologists. manager of a music hall. Queen's University receiving his B.Sc. Dr. Cameron saw service in three in 1930 and his M.Sc. in 1932. He also Norman C. Terry, Aviation Group, wars, the South African War and both held a certificate of qualification as a Vancouver Branch, retired this past World Wars. In World War I, he served Sanitary Engineer, Water Supply and spring after 28 years with the Depart­ as a Veterinary Officer with the 6th Waste Water Disposal from the Ameri­ ment of Transport. Canadian Infantry Brigade, Second Divi­ can Academy of Sanitary Engineers. A native of London, England, Mr. sion as a Captain taking part in opera­ Mr. Jack was employed as a sanitary Terry joined the Royal Flying Corps in tions in France, Belgium and Germany. engineer by the Department of Pensions 1916 and began his long career in avia­ He was awarded the Military Cross and National Health from 1936-1941. tion. In 1920 he came to Canada and during the Vimy campaign. Serving in He then became City Engineer at King­ joined the R.C.A.F. as an NCO at the Second World War Dr. Cameron ston, Ontario until 1948 when he went Camp Borden, Ontario, where he was was officer commanding the war disease into construction engineering. In 1951 in charge of aircraft and engine repair. control station at Grosse Isle, P.Q, from he joined the Department of National In 1926 Mr. Terry joined the Hudson 1943 to 1945 and held the rank of Health and Welfare. Straits Expedition and spent 16 months Lieutenant Colonel. A strong supporter of the Professional Institute Mr. Jack served as chairman of in the Arctic. During this period while In 1905 Dr. Cameron came to Canada the Manitoba section for two consecutive on a photo reconnaissance flight in a and homesteaded at Last Mountain terms 1957 to 1959 .and was a director Fokker monoplane he was forced down Valley, Saskatchewan. He then went to of the Winnipeg Branch at the time of by engine trouble. It took the planes the Ontario Veterinary College and his death. occupants two weeks to fight their way obtained his V.S. in 1908. From 1908 Mr. Jack was a member of the Asso­ back to the base camp through the to 1911 he was employed in meat ciation of Professional Engineers for rugged terrain. inspection work at Winnipeg. From 1911 to 1914 he was with the Contagious Ontario and Manitoba, a member of In 1931 Mr. Terry joined Canadian Diseases Division of the Department of the Western Canada Water and Sewage Airways and stayed with them till 1937 Agriculture in Saskatchewan.· From 1914 Conference and the Water Pollution when he joined the Department of Trans­ to 1915 he was with the Pathological Control Federation from which orga� port. At the time of his retirement he was Division of the Department at Leth­ nization he received a 25 year certificate the regional airworthiness inspector at bridge, Alberta. After the First World in 1961. Vancouver. War he continued working for the J. W. Wilson, Professional Account­ Department in Alberta until his appoint­ ants Group, Victoria Branch died the Obituary ment as Chief Veterinary Inspector, beginning of August in his fortieth year. Ottawa, in 1925. He held this post for i A graduate of the University of British Dr. A. E. Ca­ 15 years and was appointed Veterinary ' Columbia, Mr. Wilson obtained his 'fi. ' meron M . C . , Director-General in 1939. Com. degree in 1946. Besides member- V.D., V.S., Vet­ Dr. Cameron held many presidential ship in the Professional Institute he was erinarians offices during his career. He served fqr a registered member of the Society of Group, and a two terms as President of the Profes­ Industrial and Cost Accountants of Past President sional Institute 1934 to 1935 and was British Columbia and at the time of his of the Profes­ the first life member of the Institute. death was employed by the Income Tax Branch of the Department of National sional Institute Other Presidential positions included died at his su Revenue. m­ that of the Ontario Veterinary College mer home near Alumni Association, the Ottawa Humane Gerard R. Carroll, who headed the Ottawa Septem­ Society and the Gaelic and St. Andrew Fair Employment Practices Division of ber 6 at the age Societies. Dr. Cameron was also a the Industrial Relations Branch of the of 86. member of the South African Veterans Department of Labour, died suddenly A former Ve­ Association, and the American Veter­ on August 4. He was 48 years of age. terinary Direc­ inary Association's honor roll. He was A son of Hon. W. F. Carroll, a former tor General for Canada Dr. Cameron a life member of the Canadian Veter­ justice of the Supreme Court of Nova was born at Broughty Ferry Scotland inary Medical Association and a Free­ Scotia, Gerard Carroll was born in in 1878 and received his primary educa- mason for 50 years. Halifax, and was a graduate of St. Mary's

OTTAWA

2 stores to serve you Jlfuneral �iredors

DOWNTOWN MARKET SQUARE

• SHOPPING CENTRE BILLINGS BRIDGE PLAZA D. D. MCEVOY TELEPH 0 N E 232-5337

MICHAEL .J. SHIEL'OS 2:35 KENT STREET

HAROLD P. DUNN OTTAWA 4, CANADA TELEPHONE 235-6783

P R 0 FE S S I 0 N A L PUBLIC SERVICE - 0 C T 0 BE R 1 9 6 4 23 University in Halifax and of the Catholic Chemical Mining and Gray, J. T., B.C.L., Solicitor, Air Trans­ University in Washington. He served Metallurgical Engineers port Board, Ottawa. during the Second World War with the Vezina, J. A., B.Eng., Senior Scientific Parkinson, H. B., B.A., LL.B., Solicitor, Royal Canadian Navy, mainly on the Officer, Dept. of Mines and Technical Secretary of State, Ottawa. North Atlantic. Surveys, Ottawa. Librarian On his discharge from the Navy in Winterton, K., B.Sc., Ph.D., Senior 1945, with the rank of lieutenant com­ Scientific Officer, Ottawa. Hall, F. M., B.A., B.L.S., Librarian, National Library, Ottawa� mander, Mr. Carroll was appointed to Chemists the Industrial Relations Branch of the Dibbs, H. P., B.Sc., Ph.D., Senior Scien­ Maltais, L. J. A, B.L.S., Librarian, Department. He served first as a research tific Officer, Dept. of Mines and Tech­ Economic Council, Aylmer, P.Q. officer with the Labour-Management Co­ nical Surveys, Ottawa. Marine operation Service, and while in that Civil Survey and position he produced several studies of Hazlewood, H., Technical Officer, Dept. Public Works Engineers joint consultation in Canadian industzy. of National Defence, Carp, Ont. Devroom, T. M., B.Eng., Engineer, Dept. He became chief of the Fair Employment Smith, E. C., Steamship Inspector, Dept. of Public Works, Ottawa. Practices Division in 1953. of Transport, Halifax. Pragnell, H. F., B.Eng., Engineer, Dept. In 1952 he was named to attend the of National Defence._ Almonte, Ont. Torrance, R. S., Stea_mship Inspector, National Defence College, Kingston, Robertson, E. J., B.Sc., Engineer, Dept. Dept. of Transport, Oakville, Ont. where he did a year's intens_ive study of of Transport, Beaconsfield, P.Q. the economy of Canada and the indus­ Patent Examiners Education and Training trial war potential of Canada. Chiarelli, J., B.E., Patent Examiner, Boehnert, G. C., M.A., Technical Officer, Mr. Carroll had been Canadian Go­ Dept. of Justice, Ottawa. Dept. of National Defence, Toronto. vernment representative to the President's Keller, T. W. R., B.Sc., Patent Examiner, Marcoux, J ., M.A., Ph.D., Professor, Committee on Rehabilitation, Washing­ Secretary of State, Ottawa. Dept. of National Defence, Iberville, ton, and Canadian Government delegate P.Q. Paradis, J. P., B.Sc.A., Patent Examiner, on two occasions to the International Secretary of State, Ottawa. Electric and Electronic Engineers Labour Conference in Geneva. He was Mercier, J. R., B.Eng., Defence Pro­ Wilson, J. T., B.A.Sc., Patent Examiner, also a lecturer in political science at duction Officer, Dept. of Industry, Dept. of Justice, Ottawa. St. Patrick's College, Ottawa. Ottawa. Professional Accountants Fisheries Seaborn, W.R., B.A., Treasury Auditor, Forty-seven Crean, P.B., M.A.Sc., Scientist, Dept. Dept. of Finance, Montreal. of Fisheries, Nanaimo, B.C. Vallieres, J. J., Treasury Officer, Dept. Forestry New Members of Finance, Gatineau, Quebec. Dokken, H.M., B.Sc., Research Officer, Registered Nurses Administration Dept. of Forestry, Ottawa. Smith, R.S., Ph.D., Research Officer, Campbell, R. L., R.N., Nurse, Dept. of Beauregard, J. R., B.Sc., Civil Service Dept. of Forestry, Vancouver. Veterans Affairs, Montreal. Commission Officer, Civil Service General Commission, Ottawa. Chisholm, J. A., R.N., Nurse, Dept. of Williams, B.M.: B.A., Foreign Service Veterans Affairs, Montreal. Architects Officer Dept. of External Affairs, McNaughton, E. B., R.N., Nurse, Dept. Coe, P. J., B.S.L.A., Technical Officer, Ottawa. of Veterans Affairs, Montreal. Dept. of Northern Affairs and National Legal Resources, Ottawa. Newstead, J. C., R.N., Nurse, Dept. of Bozowsky, P., B.A., Solicitor, Unemploy­ " Veterans Affairs, Vi_ctoria. Aviation ment Insurance Commission, Ottawa. Parsons, E. c., R.N., Nurse, Dept. of Ray, A. K., B.S.C., M.S.C., Dr. Rer. Douglas, J. W., LL.B., Solicitor, Un­ Veterans Affairs, Victoria. Nat., Scientific Officer, Dept. of Trans­ employment Insuran_ce Commission, Rousseau, M., R.N., port, Ottawa. Ottawa. Nurse Dept. of Veterans Affairs, Quebec. Rummel, c., R.N., Nurse, Dept. of USIC ENTRE Veterans Affairs, Victoria. Schmidt, B., R.N., Nurse, Dept. of MPUPILS CTEACHERS I �I Veterans Affairs, Victoria. X __ 8 _ Statisticians Economists and • Sheet Music - English and French Songs KIDEAU Actuaries • Violins - Ukuleles -- Guitars - R- L Bayda, W., B.S.A., Economist, Dept. • Harmonicas - Recorders - Autoharps A of Agriculture, Winnipeg. • Instruments (Parts and Repairs) N Beaton, W. H., B.Comm., Statistician, D "STORE FOR THE MUSICAL" Dept. of Labour, Ottawa.

241 Rideau Street, OTTAWA Reg. 613 - Call 234-0291 Boucek, J. A., B.Comm., M.A., Ph.D., Economist, Dept. of Labour, OttawJ!. Delaquis, F. M., B.A., Statistician, Dept. of National Health and Welfare, Ot­ tawa. Drahotsky, L. F., M.A., Economist, GRENVILLE L I GOODWIN Tariff Board, Ottawa. Glynn, K. H., M.A., Industry Officer, OPTOMETRIST Dept. of Industry, Ottawa. Power, E. B., B.A" Economist, Dept. CONTACT LENSES of Labour, Ottawa.

Veterinarians 42 Bank Street 235-6550 Ottawa, Ontario Chrumka, J., D.V.M., Veterinarian, Dept. of Agriculture, Medicine Hat, Alta.

24 P R 0 F E S S I 0 N A L P U 8 L I C S E R V I C E - 0 C T 0 8 E R 1 9 6 4 THE PROFESSIONAL INSTITUTE

REQUIRES

AN INFORMATION OFFICER

DUTIES

Under general direction to be Editor and Advertising Manager of the Institute journal "Professional Public Service"; to plan publicity programs and maintain liaison with news agencies and heads of Government information services; to prepare news releases on Institute activities.

In addition the Information Officer will be expected to attend meetings, assist

Committees in their work by undertaking studies, conducting research and compiling data on salaries, superannuation, insurance, and employment prac­

,• tices generally.

QUALIFICATIONS

Graduation from a university of recognized standing or �quivalent. r

' A number of years of experience related to the duties to be performed.

Demonstrated ability to write editorials, news features and other reports.

Practical knowledge of publicity media and methods.

Personal suitability and satisfactory physical condition.

Preference will be given to candidates who are competent m both English and French.

SALARY

Based on Civil Service classifications. Initial salary will be determined by the education and experience of the successful applicant.

OTHER BENEFITS

Three weeks vacation, sick leave, pension plan, etc.

Applications will be treated in confidence. Please forward to:

The Executive Secretary . '·

The Professional Institute of the Public Service of Canada

786 Bronson Ave. · ··:·.ottawa 1, Ontario COWLING, MacTAVISH, OSBORNE & HENDERSON 116 Albert Street, Ottawa 4, Ontario Barristers and Solicitors Patents. Trade Marks and Copyrights Counsel Leonard W. Brockington, Q.C., LL.D. Bernard M. Alexandor, Q.C. E. Gordon Gowling Q.C. John C. Osborne, Q.C. Gordon F. Henderson, Q.C. Charles F. Scott Keith E. Eaton George Perley-Robertson, Q.C. David Watson E. Peter Newcombe, Q.C. R. G. McClenahan Joseph H. Konst Ross W. Cleary Robert Chevrier John D. Richard Brian A. Crane Wayne B. Spooner A. Burke Doran Charles E. O'Connor C. Ross Carson Douglas F. Smith David F. Alexandor Robert J. Laughton

Robert M. Fowler, LL.D. Patent - Trade Mark Department Frederick G. Aubrey Arthur Poole Peter J. Armstrong John I. Butler Maurice A. Moffat Martin J. Marcus G. Ronald Bell Stanley E. Johnson Eli J. McKhool, Jr. Nelson M. Thurm Willie Krawitz

71ordens THE GRo·up SURGICAL

MILK • CREAM • BUTTER

• EGGS • ICE CREAM MEDICAL.

INSURANCE r

Have the Borden Salesman on your ·PLAN 1. Street Serve You

for employees in

PHONE: 232-5741 THE PUBLIC SERVICE OF CANADA 393 SOMERSET STREET WEST - OTTAWA

SAVE OR BORROW

. '·

* Convenient Salary Cheque Deductions * 8% Simple Interest on Life Insured Loans * 5% Interest on Savings * 6Yz% Interest on First Mortgages THE CIVIL SERVICE CO-OPERATIVE CREDIT SOCIETY LIMITED

Telephone : 237-2480 10 Metcalfe Street, Ottawa, Ontario.