Water Quality Assessment of Some Ontario Embayments on Lake Huron, Including Goderich, Port Elgin, Southampton, Tobermory, Owen Sound, Collingwood, and Parry Sound
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WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF SOME ONTARIO EMBAYMENTS ON LAKE HURON, INCLUDING GODERICH, PORT ELGIN, SOUTHAMPTON, TOBERMORY, OWEN SOUND, COLLINGWOOD, AND PARRY SOUND The Honourable Ministry George A. Kerr, Q.C., Minister of the Environment K.H. Sharpe, Deputy Minister Copyright Provisions and Restrictions on Copying: This Ontario Ministry of the Environment work is protected by Crown copyright (unless otherwise indicated), which is held by the Queen's Printer for Ontario. It may be reproduced for non-commercial purposes if credit is given and Crown copyright is acknowledged. It may not be reproduced, in all or in part, part, for any commercial purpose except under a licence from the Queen's Printer for Ontario. For information on reproducing Government of Ontario works, please contact Service Ontario Publications at [email protected] Ministry of the Tel.: 965-6141 135 St. Clair Avenue West Environment June 10, 1977 Suite 100 Toronto Ontario M4V 1P5 Dear Enclosed for your information is a copy of the report entitled "Water Quality Assessment of Some Ontario Embayments on Lake Huron, Including Goderich, Port Elgin, Southampton, Tobermory, Owen Sound, Collingwood and Parry Sound". In brief, the report presents findings of water and sediment quality investigations undertaken by the Ministry as part of the IJC Upper Lakes Reference Study. Further, the report makes recommendations for the correction of existing problems and for the prevention of further water quality degradation. The background technical data presented in this report has been condensed elsewhere in the final report of the Upper Lakes Reference Group. I hope the information contained in this report is of use to you and welcome any comments or inquiries that you may have. Yours truly, G. H. Mills, Director Water Resources Branch A PROJECT REPORT ON "WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF SOME ONTARIO EMBAYMENTS ON LAKE HURON, INCLUDING GODERICH, PORT ELGIN, SOUTHAMPTON, TOBERMORY, OWEN SOUND, COLLINGWOOD, AND PARRY SOUND" Submitted in fulfillment of ULRG Project Report No. D-27 Prepared by D.I. Ross and R.M. Chatterjee Great Lakes Surveys Unit Planning and Co-ordination Section Water Resources Branch Ontario Ministry of the Environment 135 St. Clair Avenue West TORONTO, Ontario May 1977 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Tables iv List of Figures v Acknowledgements vii 1. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 1 1.1 Summary 1 1.1.1 Enrichment 1 1.1.2 Dissolved Constituents 2 1.1.3 Dissolved Oxygen 3 1.1.4 Transparency 3 1.1.5 Phenolic Substances 4 1.1.6 Alkalinity and pH 4 1.1.7 Water Microbiology 4 1.1.8 Sediments 5 1.2 Recommendations 6 1.2.1 Goderich 6 1.2.2 Southampton and Port Elgin 7 1.2.3 Tobermory 7 1.2.4 Owen Sound 7 1.2.5 Collingwood 8 1.2.6 Parry Sound 8 1.2.7 Other Recommendations 8 2. INTRODUCTION 10 2.1 Background 10 2.2 Objectives 11 3. GODERICH HARBOUR 12 3.1 Introduction 12 3.2 Data Presentation 17 3.3 Water Chemistry 17 3.3.1 Nutrients and Productivity 17 3.3.2 Dissolved Constituents 20 3.3.3 Dissolved Oxygen 21 3.3.4 Phenols 22 3.3.5 Transparency 22 3.3.6 Alkalinity and pH 24 3.4 Water Microbiology 24 3.5 Sediments 24 3.6 Summary 24 4. SOUTHAMPTON/PORT ELGIN 29 4.1 Introduction 29 4.2 Data Presentation 33 4.3 Water Chemistry 33 4.3.1 Nutrients and Productivity 33 4.3.2 Dissolved Constituents 34 4.3.3 Transparency 35 4.3.4 Dissolved Oxygen 35 4.3.5 Alkalinity and pH 37 i 4.3.6 Phenols 37 4.4 Water Microbiology 37 4.5 Sediments 37 4.6 Summary 37 5. TOBERMORY 39 5.1 Introduction 39 5.2 Data Presentation 39 5.3 Water Chemistry 42 5.3.1 Nutrients and Productivity 42 5.3.2 Dissolved Constituents 42 5.3.3 Transparency 43 5.3.4 Dissolved Oxygen 43 5.3.5 Alkalinity and pH 43 5.3.6 Phenols 43 5.4 Water Microbiology 43 5.5 Sediments 43 5.6 Summary 43 6. OWEN SOUND 46 6.1 Introduction 46 6.2 Data Presentation 46 6.3 Water Chemistry 50 6.3.1 Nutrients and Productivity 50 6.3.2 Transparency 52 6.3.3 Dissolved Constituents 54 6.3.4 Dissolved Oxygen 54 6.3.5 Temperature 56 6.3.6 Phenols 56 6.3.7 Alkalinity and pH 56 6.4 Water Microbiology 58 6.5 Sediments 58 6.6 Summary 62 7. COLLINGWOOD HARBOUR 63 7.1 Introduction 63 7.2 Data Presentation 66 7.3 Water Chemistry 66 7.3.1 Nutrients and Productivity 66 7.3.2 Transparency 68 7.3.3 Dissolved Constituents 69 7.3.4 Dissolved Oxygen 69 7.3.5 Phenols 69 7.3.6 Alkalinity and pH 69 7.4 Water Microbiology 69 7.5 Sediments 74 7.6 Summary 74 ii 8. PARRY SOUND 84 8.1 Introduction 84 8.2 Data Presentation 85 8.3 Water Chemistry 88 8.3.1 Nutrients and Productivity 88 8.3.2 Dissolved Constituents 91 8.3.3 Transparency 93 8.3.4 Dissolved Oxygen 93 8.3.5 Temperature 93 8.3.6 Alkalinity and pH 96 8.3.7 Phenols 96 8.4 Water Microbiology 96 8.5 Sediments 102 8.6 Summary 107 9. BIBLIOGRAPHY 108 iii LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1 Goderich 1973 WPCP Loadings. 13 Table 2 Municipal Water Use and Waste Treatment. 14 Table 3 Goderich - 1974/75 Selected Water Quality Parameter Summaries. 25 Table 4 Goderich Harbour 1974 Sediment Analysis. 28 Table 5 1974 Water Quality Parameter Summary Southampton-Port Elgin. 32 Table 6 Southampton-Port Elgin and Heavy Metals PCB's and Pesticides in Surficial Sediments. 36 Table 7 1974 Water Quality Parameter Summary - Tobermory Area. 41 Table 8 Tobermory Harbour - Heavy Metals, PCB's and Pesticides in Surficial Sediments. 44 Table 9 Enrichment Indicator Variables in Selected Embayments of Lake Huron, including Georgian Bay and North Channel. 47 Table 10 Owen Sound 1973 WPCP Loadings. 49 Table 11 Owen Sound Harbour - 1974 Sediment Analysis. 61 Table 12 Collingwood 1973 WPCP Loadings. 67 Table 13 Collingwood Harbour 1974 Sediment Analysis. 82 Table 14 Phenols in Parry Sound 1974. 96 Table 15 Parry Sound Harbour Microbiology - off McCurry Lake Outlet, November 20, 22 and 27, 1974. 101 Table 16 Parry Sound Harbour - 1974 Heavy Metals, PCB's and Pesticides in Surficial Sediments. 104 Table 17 Parry Sound 1974 Heavy Metals, PCB's and Pesticides in Surficial Sediments. 105 Table 18 Depot Harbour 1974 Heavy Metals, PCB's and Pesticides in Surficial Sediments. 106 iv LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1 Goderich Harbour Station Locations. 15 Figure 2 Goderich Harbour Bathymetry. 16 Figure 3 Goderich Harbour 1973 Selected Parameter Summary Plots. 19 Figure 4 Southampton-Port Elgin Station Locations. 30 Figure 5 Southampton-Port Elgin Harbours Bathymetry. 31 Figure 6 Tobermory Harbour Station Locations. 40 Figure 7 Owen Sound Bathymetry. 48 Figure 8 Owen Sound Concentrations of Selected Parameters as a Function of Distance. 51 Figure 9 Owen Sound 1974 - Monthly Mean Secchi Depth and Chlorophyll a Trends as a Function of Distance. 53 Figure 10 Owen Sound 1974 - Monthly Mean Conductivity and Chloride Trends as a Function of Distance. 55 Figure 11 Owen Sound 1974 - Monthly Mean Alkalinity Trends for Surface and Bottom Waters as a Function of Distance. 57 Figure 12 Owen Sound May and September 1974 - Geometric Mean Bacterial Densities of Total Coliforms, Fecal Coliforms and Fecal Streptococci as a Function of Distance 59 Figure 13 Collingwood Harbour Station Locations. 64 Figure 14 Collingwood Harbour Bathymetry. 65 Figure 15 Collingwood Harbour Annual Trends of Total Nitrogen, Total Phosphorus and Chlorophyll a. 70 Figure 16 Collingwood Harbour 1974 - Monthly Cruise Mean, Total Nitrogen Trends as a Function of Distance. 71 Figure 17 Collingwood Harbour Monthly Cruise Mean Total and Dissolved Phosphorus Trends as a Function of Distance. 72 Figure 18 Collingwood Harbour - Monthly Cruise Mean Chlorophyll a as a Function of Distance. 73 Figure 19 Collingwood Harbour - Monthly Cruise Mean Turbidity as a Function of Distance. 75 Figure 20 Collingwood Harbour Monthly Cruise Mean Secchi Depth as a Function of Distance. 76 Figure 21 Collingwood Harbour Monthly Cruise Mean Sulphate as a Function of Distance. 77 Figure 22 Collingwood Harbour Monthly Cruise Mean Specific Conductance Trends as a Function of Distance. 78 Figure 23 Collingwood Harbour Monthly Cruise Mean Chloride Trends as a Function of Distance. 79 Figure 24 Collingwood Harbour May 1974 Geometric Means of Bacterial Densities of Total Coliform, Fecal Coliform and Fecal Streptococci Trends as a Function of Distance. 80 v Figure 25 Collingwood Harbour September 1974 Geometric Means of Bacterial Densities of Total Coliforms, Fecal Coliforms and Fecal Streptococci as a Function of Distance. 81 Figure 26 Parry Sound Station Locations Map. 86 Figure 27 Parry Sound Chart of Bathymetry. 87 Figure 28 Parry Sound 1974 Monthly Mean Total and Dissolved Phosphorus Gradients as a Function of Distance. 89 Figure 29 Parry Sound 1974 Monthly Mean Total Nitrogen and Chlorophyll a Gradients as a Function of Distance. 90 Figure 30 Parry Sound 1974 Monthly Mean Specific Conductance and Annual Mean Chloride and Sulphate Gradients as a Function of Distance. 92 Figure 31 Parry Sound 1974 Monthly Mean Secchi Depth and Turbidity Gradients as a Function of Distance. 94 Figure 32 1974 Selected Bathythermograph Cast Records for Station 65 Parry Sound. 95 Figure 33 Parry Sound June 1974 Horizontal Trends for Geometric Means of Total Coliforms Fecal Coliforms and Fecal Streptococci. 97 Figure 34 Parry Sound July 1974 Horizontal Trends for Geometric Means of Total Coliforms, Fecal Coliforms and Fecal Streptococci.