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Black Men Who Betray Their Race: 20TH Century Literary Representations of the Black Male Race Traitor

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Black Men Who Betray Their Race: 20TH Century Literary Representations of the Black Male Race Traitor University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations Dissertations and Theses July 2019 Black Men Who Betray Their Race: 20TH Century Literary Representations of the Black Male Race Traitor Gregory Coleman University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2 Part of the African American Studies Commons, American Literature Commons, American Popular Culture Commons, Dramatic Literature, Criticism and Theory Commons, Literature in English, North America Commons, Literature in English, North America, Ethnic and Cultural Minority Commons, and the Performance Studies Commons Recommended Citation Coleman, Gregory, "Black Men Who Betray Their Race: 20TH Century Literary Representations of the Black Male Race Traitor" (2019). Doctoral Dissertations. 1637. https://doi.org/10.7275/14216191 https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_2/1637 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Dissertations and Theses at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Black American Men Who Betray Their Race: 20TH Century Literary Representations of the Black Male Race Traitor A Dissertation Presented by GREGORY D. COLEMAN JR. Submitted to the Graduate School of University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTORATE OF PHILOSOPHY May 2019 English Department © Copyright by Gregory Dorian Coleman Jr. 2019 All Rights Reserved Black American Men Who Betray Their Race: 20TH Century Literary Representations of the Black Male Race Traitor A Dissertation Presented By GREGORY D. COLEMAN JR. Approved as to style and content by: _________________________________________________ Emily J. Lordi, Chair _________________________________________________ Rachel Mordecai, Member _________________________________________________ Daniel Sack, Member _________________________________________________ Steven Tracy, Member _____________________________________________ Randall Knoper, Chair English Department DEDICATION To my loving parents Gregory and Marian. “Listen, baby, people do funny things. Specially us. The cards are stacked against us and just trying to stay in the game, stay alive and in the game, makes us do funny things. Things we can't help. Things that make us hurt one another.” —Toni Morrison, Song of Solomon ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There is an African proverb which states: “It takes a village to raise a child.” While the proverbist who first wrote these words was no doubt referring to an actual child, it is no less befitting for this occasion. Black Men Who Betray the Race was a long time in the making and it would not exist without the support of the countless communities and individuals who make up my village. While the space I have to voice my gratitude may be limited, the depth of my sentiment knows no bounds. I am forever indebted to the English Department at UMass Amherst where I received the support to develop this project from my initial vision to its current state of completion. I am especially indebted to Jenny Spencer who not only recruited me to the university but also helped me to find and define my research focus as a scholar. I am grateful to the members of my dissertation committee. To Emily J. Lordi, I am honored to have had you serve as my chair. Thank you for sticking with me through each draft of this project. The keen sense with which you were able not only to perceive but also articulate the potential and value of my project throughout its various stages of development inspired me to keep writing even in those times when I felt directionless. To Daniel Sack, thank you for pushing me to envision more for the Gordone chapter. Thank you also for always being willing to give me advice not only as it pertained to this project but also with regard to how to craft myself professionally. I will miss our office hours meetings as I always left feeling motivated and challenged. To Rachel Mordecai, thank you for helping me to see my blind spots and to envision a much broader scope for future iterations of this project. More than this, thank you for always reminding me to be kind to myself. I am a much healthier scholar because of you. Finally, to my outside reader Steve vi Tracy, your confidence in me from our very first meeting, until now has contributed greatly to my success. I aspire to someday exhibit the same authenticity and soulfulness you bring to your scholarship. I would be remiss if I did not thank the English Department staff for their continued support even up to the day of my defense. To Wanda Bak, thank you for the innumerable ways you support me and so many other graduate students. We would be lost without you! Thank you to Celeste Stuart for your graciousness and willingness to help. Thank you to Mary Coty for helping me to pull together the space for my presentation. I would also like to thank several faculty whose instruction and support contributed greatly to my success. Joe Skerrett, Ron Wellburn, TreaAndrea Russworm, Nicholas Bromell, David Fleming, Haivan Hoang, A. Yesimi Jimoh, James Smethurst, John Bracey, Peggy Woods, and Diane Flaherty. Thank you all for the individual ways you have contributed to shaping who I am as a scholar and instructor. I am also indebted to the UMass Library. Thank you to the Research Librarian team for reassuring me that there was no research question too big to answer. Your knowledge of the database as well as how to think outside the box to track down materials made this project possible. I want to extend a special thanks to Isabel Espinal for your undying support and encouragement to complete this project. I would also like to extend a special thanks to Mary Yokubaitis for your understanding and grace when I have missed due dates. I would also like to take this time to thank the librarians UMass Special Collections and University Archives for awarding me the ETHIR fellowship which made it possible for me to focus on my research during the early stages of this project. vii I am also indebted to the Commonwealth Honors College. Thank you to the students of the Emerging Scholars program for requesting that I continue to work with you. Teaching and mentoring you all has been one of the most fulfilling and rewarding roles of my life. There are too many of you to thank individually but a few names do stand out. To Billy, thank you for asking for me to come on board with the program full time. You changed the course of who I was a teacher by this simple request. To Brittany, Jeanai, Misgana, Clement and Marcello thank you all for always conveying how proud you were of my success. The knowledge that I was inspiring you was motivation at times when I did not think I could succeed. To Alvin, you have taught me more about who I am as a teacher, scholar, man, and human being than you realize. Mentoring you has been a journey and one I have enjoyed. I look forward to seeing what you do in the future. I expect great things! To Dean Gretchen Holbrook Gerzina, thank you for providing me with opportunities to continue to perfect my role as an instructor. Thank you also for taking the time to provide insight into navigating the publishing world. That a scholar of your caliber would invest in my growth as a scholar is humbling. To my mentor Alexandrina Deschamps: Our meeting was fortuitous. It changed my life forever in that it gave me a purpose. But more than this, our meeting brought you into my life. You have taught me some of the greatest lessons in life. Of these, the most important is to lift as I climb. You did not just teach me—you modeled this for me. You lifted me up, showed me the way to higher ground when I was lost, and allowed for me to stand on your shoulders when it seemed I would never reach my goal. But you did more than just lift me up. You picked me up when I fell and held me up when I did not think I could go on. I owe my success not only as a scholar but also as an instructor to you. For this and so viii much more, I am eternally grateful to you and will continue to lift others as I continue to climb. To my communities, colleagues, friends and family I thank you all. I am grateful to those communities which have formed my support network. To Nancy Pagano and the Amherst Senior Center, thank you for allowing me to partner with you and the amazing work you do. I have learned more than I have taught. To “The Ladies of Function Well,” thank you for your undying support in my development as a scholar but also a man. I hope to continue making you all proud. Your faithful attendance and participation in my class has helped me stay healthy both physically and mentally. To Phallacies Inc., I am grateful for the opportunity to contribute to such meaningful and necessary work around masculinity. Tom your dedication gives me hope. To Tristan, Ajey, David, and Dean, thank you all for sharing your stories with me and for allowing me to share my story with you. Please never stop doing the work you are all doing. To my faith communities Vita Nova and the City Church: Thank you for your prayers and love without which I would have not made it. Thank you for being communities where I was free to be authentic as I healed and transformed.
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