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All About Elements: Carbon 1 Boreal’s All About Elements Series Fun Facts Building Real-World Connections to About… 6 the Building Blocks of Chemistry Carbon PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS 1. Graphine, an allotrope of carbon, is the GROUP 1/IA 18/VIIIA 1 2 strongest, thinnest, and best conductor of H KEY He heat known to man. It was created by Atomic Number 1.01 2/IIA 35 13/IIIA 14/IVA 15/VA 16/VIA 17/VIIA 4.00 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Symbol scientists using ordinary adhesive tape! Li Be Br B C N O F Ne 6.94 9.01 79.90 Atomic Weight 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar 8 9 10 2. Carbon was used as the filter in gas masks to 22.99 24.31 3/IIIB 4/IVB 5/VB 6/VIB 7/VIIB VIIIBVIII 11/IB 12/IIB 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.07 35.45 39.95 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 C K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr purify the air soldiers breathe. 39.10 40.08 44.96 47.87 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.69 63.55 65.41 69.72 72.64 74.92 78.9678.96 79.90 83.80 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe 85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.94 (97.91)(98) 101.07 102.91 106.42 107.87 112.41 114.82 118.71 121.76 127.60 126.90 131.29 3. Carbon-14 can not only be used for radioac- 55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 12.01 Cs Ba La-Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn tive dating, but also to study abnormalities ´ 132.91 137.33 178.49 180.95 183.84 186.21 190.23 192.22 195.08 196.97 200.59 204.38 207.20207.2 208.98 (208.98)(209) (209.99)(210) (222.02)(222) 87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 of metabolism that underlie diabetes, gout, Fr Ra AcAc-Lr - Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Uub Uut Uuq Uup Uuh Uus Uuo ´´ (223.02)(223) (226.03)(226) (261.11)(261) (262.11)(262) (266.12)(266) (264.12)(264) (277.00)(277) (268.14)(268) (247.07)(269) (280.00)(272) (285.00)(285) (284.00)(284) (289.00)(289) (288.00)(288) (293.00)(289) (294.00) (294.00)(294) anemia and acromegaly. ´ 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu 138.91 140.12 140.91 144.24 (144.91)(145) 150.36 151.97151.96 157.25 158.93 162.50 164.93 167.26 168.93 173.04 174.97 US: www.wardsci.com 4. Diamond is another well-known allotrope of carbon; The largest diamond ever found was Canada: www.wardsci.ca ´´ 800-962-2660 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 © 2010 Rev. 7/15 Ward’s Science. All Rights Reserved. No portion of this work may be reproduced in any form Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr 3106 carats—over 10cm long and about 2500 times larger than an average engagement or by any means without express prior written permission from Ward’s Science. (227.03)(227) 232.04232.04 231.04 238.03 (237.05)(237) (244.06)(244) (243.06)(243) (247.07)(247) (247.07)(247) (251.08)(251) (252.08)(252) (257.10)(257) (258.10)(258) (259.10)(259) (262.11)(262) US: www.scholarchemistry.com Canada: www.scholarchemistry.ca NOTES: Black — solid Red — gas Blue — liquid — synthetically prepared 866-260-0501 © Copyright 2010 ScholAR Chemistry. All Rights Reserved. Values provided are based on the 85th edition of the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Some values have been rounded. BASICNo portion PERIODIC of this work TABLE may be reproduced- SIDE 1 (Rev.in any form7/15) or by any means ring diamond! without express prior written permission from ScholAR Chemistry. Catalog #9630200 The periodic table of elements is an essential part of any chemistry classroom 5. Activated charcoal, another allotrope of carbon, and carbon amide peroxide can both be used or science lab, but have you ever stopped to wonder about all of the amazing to help whiten teeth, yet only the latter is approved by the American Dental Association (ADA). ways each element is used to create the world around us? Each of the trillions of substances in our universe can be tied back to just these 118 simple, yet powerful elements. All About Carbon: In our All About Elements series, we’ve brought together the most fascinating Carbon is the sixth element on the Periodic table found in group 14 facts and figures about your favorite elements so students can explore their (4A), with an atomic number of 6 and symbol C. Carbon gets its name from the Latin word “carbo” meaning charcoal or coal. It is the sixth properties and uses in the real world and you can create chemistry connections most abundant element in the universe. in your classroom and beyond. Carbon is an extremely versatile non-metallic element that connects via covalent bonds to other carbon atoms in rings, chains, and net- Look for a new featured element each month, plus works to make over ten thousand organic compounds. This is in part due to carbon having 4 valence electrons with an electron configura- limited-time savings on select hands-on materials tion of 1s22s22p2. While carbon is denser than Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium and Beryllium, it is less dense than to incorporate these element in your lessons. its neighbors Boron, and Silicon. The density of carbon can fluctuate from graphite with a density of 2.25 g/ cm3 to diamond with a density of 3.51 g/cm3. Although the amount of carbon in Earth’s crust can vary somewhat, the carbon cycle keeps the amount on Earth effectively constant. In addition to all of these properties, carbon has the highest sublimation point of Sign up to receive Boreal Science emails all elements at 3900 Kelvin. The main forms of carbon found naturally are amorphous, graphite and diamond, all with extremely different properties1. In addition to these allotropes in nature, there are also manmade allo- at boreal.com and get a new element in your inbox each month. tropes that are becoming more useful by the day. These include fullerenes (buckyballs, buckytubes and nano- buds) as well as carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon nanofoam, linear acetylenic carbon and Q-carbon, which is supposed to have fluorescence properties. While there are many allotropes, there are only two stable Check back often at boreal.com/elements for the latest content isotopes of Carbon, C-12 and C-13, with all the other isotopes being radioactive. Carbon-14 specifically has a and exclusive savings on new teaching tools each month. half life of approximately 5,730 years making it useful for dating fossils (more on this isotope later). boreal.com | 800-387-9393 2 3 another allotrope of carbon, lonsdaleite, was found. It is Properties of Carbon harder than diamond and created when the graphite in the meteorite strikes the earth with a great force. It has also been While carbon is the sixth most abundant element in the universe, it is found on Earth in a concentration of created in the lab using a variety of techniques, including 730 ppm, and as high as 2000 ppm at Earth’s core4. Carbon on Earth is found mainly in coal deposits and using explosives, on graphite. In 1969, another allotrope, must be processed for commercial use, but may also be found in peat oil and methane clathrates. In the white carbon, was thought to be formed when tiny crystals earth’s atmosphere, carbon is found mainly as carbon dioxide with a concentration of 390 ppm (and rising)3. of small transparent material clung to the edges of graphite In the human body, carbon is present in organic containing compound at 18.5% by mass2. under high temperature and low pressures15. Very little is Carbon, like many other elements, is formed from stars. Carbon is specifically created as a star dyes and as known about this allotrope and many scientists still dispute its helium and beryllium react to form carbon5. While carbon is common in elemental form, it also creates both existence today. organic and inorganic compounds. Within inorganic compounds, carbon is most often found with oxida- In 1985, a new (and now scientifically accepted) allotrope tion states of +4 and +2. Some examples of these natural inorganic compounds are limestone, dolomite, of carbon was discovered. The buckminsterfullerene was dis- and carbon dioxide.
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