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Exploring the Use of Zircon Geochronology As an Indicator of Laurentide Ice Sheet Till Provenance, Indiana, U.S.A
EXPLORING THE USE OF ZIRCON GEOCHRONOLOGY AS AN INDICATOR OF LAURENTIDE ICE SHEET TILL PROVENANCE, INDIANA, U.S.A. Christine M. Kassab1*, Samantha L. Brickles1, Kathy J. Licht1, and G. William Monaghan2 1Department of Earth Sciences Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis 723 W Michigan St, SL118 Indianapolis, IN 46202 2Indiana Geological Survey 611 N. Walnut Grove Bloomington, IN 47405 *corresponding author ([email protected]; Tel: 317-278-1343) ___________________________________________________________________ This is the author's manuscript of the article published in final edited form as: Kassab, C. M., Brickles, S. L., Licht, K. J., & Monaghan, G. W. (2017). Exploring the use of zircon geochronology as an indicator of Laurentide Ice Sheet till provenance, Indiana, USA. Quaternary Research, 88(3), 525–536. https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2017.71 Abstract A pilot study was designed to evaluate the potential of zircon geochronology as a provenance indicator of till from the Lake Michigan, Saginaw, and Huron-Erie Lobes of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Based on existing ice flow-path models, we hypothesized that till from each lobe would have different zircon age population distributions because the lobes originated from regions of the Canadian Shield with different bedrock ages. After correcting for zircon fertility, the majority of grains in all till samples are 1600–950 Ma, with ~30% of ages >2500 Ma. This similarity means that till from the three lobes cannot be clearly differentiated based on their zircon populations. The dominant ages found and the homogeneity of distributions in the till indicates a non-Shield source and instead reflect an origin from some combination of underlying till and sedimentary bedrock in the Great Lakes region. -
PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1418 USGS Cience for a Changing World AVAILABILITY of BOOKS and MAPS of the U.S
PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1418 USGS cience for a changing world AVAILABILITY OF BOOKS AND MAPS OF THE U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Instructions on ordering publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, along with prices of the last offerings, are given in the current- year issues of the monthly catalog "New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey." Prices of available U.S. Geological Survey publica tions released prior to the current year are listed in the most recent annual "Price and Availability List." Publications that may be listed in various U.S. Geological Survey catalogs (see back inside cover) but not listed in the most recent annual "Price and Availability List" may be no longer available. Order U.S. Geological Survey publications by mail or over the counter from the offices given below. BY MAIL OVER THE COUNTER Books Books and Maps Professional Papers, Bulletins, Water-Supply Papers, Tech Books and maps of the U.S. Geological Survey are available niques of Water-Resources Investigations, Circulars, publications over the counter at the following U.S. Geological Survey Earth of general interest (such as leaflets, pamphlets, booklets), single Science Information Centers (ESIC's), all of which are authorized copies of Preliminary Determination of Epicenters, and some mis agents of the Superintendent of Documents: cellaneous reports, including some of the foregoing series that have gone out of print at the Superintendent of Documents, are ANCHORAGE, Alaska Rm. 101,4230 University Dr. obtainable by mail from LAKEWOOD, Colorado Federal Center, Bldg. 810 U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services MENLO PARK, California Bldg. 3, Rm. -
Cambrian Ordovician
Open File Report LXXVI the shale is also variously colored. Glauconite is generally abundant in the formation. The Eau Claire A Summary of the Stratigraphy of the increases in thickness southward in the Southern Peninsula of Michigan where it becomes much more Southern Peninsula of Michigan * dolomitic. by: The Dresbach sandstone is a fine to medium grained E. J. Baltrusaites, C. K. Clark, G. V. Cohee, R. P. Grant sandstone with well rounded and angular quartz grains. W. A. Kelly, K. K. Landes, G. D. Lindberg and R. B. Thin beds of argillaceous dolomite may occur locally in Newcombe of the Michigan Geological Society * the sandstone. It is about 100 feet thick in the Southern Peninsula of Michigan but is absent in Northern Indiana. The Franconia sandstone is a fine to medium grained Cambrian glauconitic and dolomitic sandstone. It is from 10 to 20 Cambrian rocks in the Southern Peninsula of Michigan feet thick where present in the Southern Peninsula. consist of sandstone, dolomite, and some shale. These * See last page rocks, Lake Superior sandstone, which are of Upper Cambrian age overlie pre-Cambrian rocks and are The Trempealeau is predominantly a buff to light brown divided into the Jacobsville sandstone overlain by the dolomite with a minor amount of sandy, glauconitic Munising. The Munising sandstone at the north is dolomite and dolomitic shale in the basal part. Zones of divided southward into the following formations in sandy dolomite are in the Trempealeau in addition to the ascending order: Mount Simon, Eau Claire, Dresbach basal part. A small amount of chert may be found in and Franconia sandstones overlain by the Trampealeau various places in the formation. -
Stratigraphic Succession in Lower Peninsula of Michigan
STRATIGRAPHIC DOMINANT LITHOLOGY ERA PERIOD EPOCHNORTHSTAGES AMERICANBasin Margin Basin Center MEMBER FORMATIONGROUP SUCCESSION IN LOWER Quaternary Pleistocene Glacial Drift PENINSULA Cenozoic Pleistocene OF MICHIGAN Mesozoic Jurassic ?Kimmeridgian? Ionia Sandstone Late Michigan Dept. of Environmental Quality Conemaugh Grand River Formation Geological Survey Division Late Harold Fitch, State Geologist Pennsylvanian and Saginaw Formation ?Pottsville? Michigan Basin Geological Society Early GEOL IN OG S IC A A B L N Parma Sandstone S A O G C I I H E C T I Y Bayport Limestone M Meramecian Grand Rapids Group 1936 Late Michigan Formation Stratigraphic Nomenclature Project Committee: Mississippian Dr. Paul A. Catacosinos, Co-chairman Mark S. Wollensak, Co-chairman Osagian Marshall Sandstone Principal Authors: Dr. Paul A. Catacosinos Early Kinderhookian Coldwater Shale Dr. William Harrison III Robert Reynolds Sunbury Shale Dr. Dave B.Westjohn Mark S. Wollensak Berea Sandstone Chautauquan Bedford Shale 2000 Late Antrim Shale Senecan Traverse Formation Traverse Limestone Traverse Group Erian Devonian Bell Shale Dundee Limestone Middle Lucas Formation Detroit River Group Amherstburg Form. Ulsterian Sylvania Sandstone Bois Blanc Formation Garden Island Formation Early Bass Islands Dolomite Sand Salina G Unit Paleozoic Glacial Clay or Silt Late Cayugan Salina F Unit Till/Gravel Salina E Unit Salina D Unit Limestone Salina C Shale Salina Group Salina B Unit Sandy Limestone Salina A-2 Carbonate Silurian Salina A-2 Evaporite Shaley Limestone Ruff Formation -
MAPPING and CHARACTERIZING a RELICT LACUSTRINE DELTA in CENTRAL LOWER MICHIGAN by Christopher B. Connallon a THESIS Submitted T
MAPPING AND CHARACTERIZING A RELICT LACUSTRINE DELTA IN CENTRAL LOWER MICHIGAN By Christopher B. Connallon A THESIS Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Geography – Master of Science 2015 ABSTRACT MAPPING AND CHARACTERIZING A RELICT LACUSTRINE DELTA IN CENTRAL LOWER MICHIGAN By Christopher B. Connallon This research focuses on, mapping and characterizing the Chippewa River delta - a sandy, relict delta of Glacial Lake Saginaw in central Lower Michigan. The delta was first identified in a GIS, using digital soil data, as the sandy soils of the delta stand in contrast to the loamier soils of the lake plain. I determined the textural properties of the delta sediment from 142 parent material samples at ≈1.5 m depth. The data were analyzed in a GIS to identify textural trends across the delta. Data from 3276 water well logs across the delta, and from 185 sites within two-storied soils on the delta margin, were used to estimate the thickness of delta sands and to refine the delta's boundary. The delta heads near Mount Pleasant, expanding east, onto the Lake Saginaw plain. It is ≈18 km wide and ≈38 km long and comprised almost entirely of sandy sediment. As expected, delta sands generally thin away from the head, where sediments are ≈4-7m thick. In the eastern, lower portion of the delta, sediments are considerably thinner (≈<1-2m). The texturally coarsest parts of the delta are generally coincident with former shorezones. The thick, upper delta portion is generally coincident with the relict shorelines of Lakes Saginaw and Arkona (≈17.1k to ≈ 16k years BP), whereas most of the thin, distal, lower delta is generally associated with Lake Warren (≈15k years BP). -
Great Lakes Region, USA
Spatial variation in till texture and clay mineralogy across the Saginaw Lobe terrain, Great Lakes region, USA Department of Geography, Environment and Spatial Sciences, Randall J. Schaetzl, Chris Baish, Jarrod Knauff, Thomas Bilintoh, East Lansing, Michigan, USA Dan Wanyama, Kevin McKeehan, and Michelle Church Abstract STUDY AREA SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION Great Lakes region We present a spatial/mapping approach to the study of the glacial history of the Saginaw lobe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. The Saginaw Lobe flowed into southern Michigan, USA, forming modern-day Saginaw Bay and leaving behind a series of small moraines in down- ice locations. Upon its retreat – and likely also during its advance – a large proglacial lake (Glacial Lake Saginaw) formed in the northeastern margins of the “Saginaw terrain”. The Saginaw lobe advanced to the southwest, out of this lake basin and onto thinly mantled, sandstone and shale bedrock. Although the Late Pleistocene deglacial chronology of this lobe has been generally assumed for decades, few numerical ages exist that could help constrain a better defined timeline. Indeed, as luminescence ages slowly emerge for terrain of the Saginaw Lobe and nearby areas, it seems clear that the lobe retreated from the region considerably earlier than is generally assumed, adding to the potential for large areas of ponded water in proglacial settings, all of which are as yet unmapped. In this project, we sampled tills on uplands across the terrain of the Saginaw Lobe, avoiding outwash plains. In all, we obtained 334 samples of calcareous till, by bucket auger. Sample locations were sited generally uniformly across >20,000 km2. -
Summary of Hydrogelogic Conditions by County for the State of Michigan. Apple, B.A., and H.W. Reeves 2007. U.S. Geological Surve
In cooperation with the State of Michigan, Department of Environmental Quality Summary of Hydrogeologic Conditions by County for the State of Michigan Open-File Report 2007-1236 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Summary of Hydrogeologic Conditions by County for the State of Michigan By Beth A. Apple and Howard W. Reeves In cooperation with the State of Michigan, Department of Environmental Quality Open-File Report 2007-1236 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark D. Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2007 For more information about the USGS and its products: Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/ Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation Beth, A. Apple and Howard W. Reeves, 2007, Summary of Hydrogeologic Conditions by County for the State of Michi- gan. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1236, 78 p. Cover photographs Clockwise from upper left: Photograph of Pretty Lake by Gary Huffman. Photograph of a river in winter by Dan Wydra. Photographs of Lake Michigan and the Looking Glass River by Sharon Baltusis. iii Contents Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................................1 -
Ellsworth American COUNTY Dunham’S Hotel
Sbfcntfennmt*. Rsed, of Kllsworth, and Mrs. Annie 'Itjfnrtiacmmis. _ v- LOCAL AFFAIRS. Powers, of Bangor. Mrs. Higgins had friends in Ellsworth who NEW AI1VKUTIM M ENT* THIS WEEK. many regret C. 0. RURRILL & deeply to hear of her death. She visited SON, state assessor**’ notice. here about two *■* I‘s ('omtnissiiiu of fi-h and fisheries—Sealed years ago. ^ 1 proposals. The Mutual Life Insurance Co., of New Hancork lmll— M urrDon ( omeily « «>. m j of m qenekal INSURANCE Robert It H" in. < *<ut *\ culture *»ale- York, *, |Kent, of this city, j AGENTS, I’anook Is a speciafagent, has paid through Mr. Hi him Bank Bldg., ELLSWORTH, ME. Tyler, Fogg A « •»—Municipal bonds. Kent the policy of |15,0CK) on the life of ^ Rockland, My the late W. it. Blaisdell, of Franklin. ARSOL«JT.F*v 'piJRE Rockland Cumin* rc’.al < *•!!* ;<■. WE REPRESENT THE This is one of the largest policies of life \ A '•:iimri)1 '* > in«u1 me v; paid in this vicinity. Makes the food more de'icious and v 'v '. sew Most Kciiiihle Home ami Foreign Coni pan it's. Curtis Novelty < <>— Agent wanted George W. Davis, of Boston, formerly J'■■//> a ih/r V'i/h ! ■■■■■■■BHanannaHDunaniaaBHBaMHManiir^nMnnnnHr «ommJ9 L Safi )J. of this a brother of 10. Davis, t'nvijmt Far othrr focal news see pages •/, .7 and S. city, Henry lias purchased the Tontine house at Miss Mari* *i of Auburndaln, In sums to Hu it on real c.si ate and Morgan, Unitarian noinc. improved Brunswick. The Tontine is a popular re- of the engine had passed over the boy’s Conference at MON KY TO LOAN J is the guest of Miss Mabel —--- collateral.- .. -
The Clinton Independent,A^M HANDSOME Dtepiar of Pattern
BOTCHER k PETNCITS OPENING of Fall and Winter Millinery Will Occur FRIDAY AND 8ATCRDAT. SEPTEMBER 27 and 28. T'HK iiu»l and new—I nor*In ^m HANDSOME dtepiar of Pattern (n Era1 1—i Fall aad Winter M Htl per feet g en -will a* *x- A Sthlted at <Mtr o—um Frt4«> •n mat now be mmintoeri and ftatepirar. Srpt *1 aad ». A —e- vitatlun to love— of art aad HOUCHIB * I»BTSCU Laeaiy- The Clinton Independent, UOUCHKB * PI VOL XXIX.—NO. #0 ST. JOHNS, MICH.. FRIDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 27. 18»5. WHOLE NO.—1510. New Advertisement*. — Mrs. Henry Mulder is confined to -Ninety-six tickets were sold at this —Official board meeting at M. E. This Wm* Only. Vtelt Oar *t»r* her home by sickuees. station for the excursion to Detroit laat church tomorrow evening. During the week of the Fair we will We extend to you a cordial invitation MercautHe Oo.— Dry Gnoda. Uromrtm aad Sunday. offer some special bargains to aash buy to visit (Mir store during the week of the Boots aad Shorn. —Geo. K. Horry, St. Johns, has been —Eugenie Fern in the latest society granted an increase of pension. —Judge Daboll will deliver an address dramas, at Seriven's Opera House all ers. Here are the inducements : fair—next week. Jokn HIckt-biT Oooda, Cloaks. Carpets. One gent ’s open faee gold filled watch Our trimmers are making ready a fine Wilson A Son—Clot i>ln«. —It i» reported that Earnest, son of at the Gratiot county fair, to-day . -
Geology of Michigan and the Great Lakes
35133_Geo_Michigan_Cover.qxd 11/13/07 10:26 AM Page 1 “The Geology of Michigan and the Great Lakes” is written to augment any introductory earth science, environmental geology, geologic, or geographic course offering, and is designed to introduce students in Michigan and the Great Lakes to important regional geologic concepts and events. Although Michigan’s geologic past spans the Precambrian through the Holocene, much of the rock record, Pennsylvanian through Pliocene, is miss- ing. Glacial events during the Pleistocene removed these rocks. However, these same glacial events left behind a rich legacy of surficial deposits, various landscape features, lakes, and rivers. Michigan is one of the most scenic states in the nation, providing numerous recre- ational opportunities to inhabitants and visitors alike. Geology of the region has also played an important, and often controlling, role in the pattern of settlement and ongoing economic development of the state. Vital resources such as iron ore, copper, gypsum, salt, oil, and gas have greatly contributed to Michigan’s growth and industrial might. Ample supplies of high-quality water support a vibrant population and strong industrial base throughout the Great Lakes region. These water supplies are now becoming increasingly important in light of modern economic growth and population demands. This text introduces the student to the geology of Michigan and the Great Lakes region. It begins with the Precambrian basement terrains as they relate to plate tectonic events. It describes Paleozoic clastic and carbonate rocks, restricted basin salts, and Niagaran pinnacle reefs. Quaternary glacial events and the development of today’s modern landscapes are also discussed. -
Quartzitic Phyllites of the Gerichtsgra- W-GWZ: up to 600 M; E-GWZ: Eisenerzer Alpen: up to Ben Formation
Overlying unit(s): Quartzitic phyllites of the Gerichtsgra- W-GWZ: up to 600 m; E-GWZ: Eisenerzer Alpen: up to ben Formation. 1,500 m (Polster area: 400 m, Rötzgraben: > 1,000 m, Bla- Lateral unit(s): Gerichtsgraben Formation; ? correlation seneck: 1,500 m). with acid tuffs above the Kalwang Conglomerate N Kal- Lithostratigraphically higher rank unit: - wang/Lange Teichen valley (LOESCHKE et al., 1990; NEU- Lithostratigraphic subdivision: - BAUER et al., 1994: p. 69). Underlying unit(s): E-GWZ: Gerichtsgraben Formation Geographic distribution: E-GWZ; Styria, Kaintaleck area. (FLAjs & SCHÖNLAUB, 1976; SCHÖNLAUB, 1982a, b). Remarks: - W-GWZ: Wildschönau Schists (MOSTLER, 1970; SCHÖN- Complementary references: - LAUB, 1979, 1980a). In the Wildseeloder Unit W Zell am See the underlying schists are sheared off (HEINISCH, 1988). Overlying unit(s): The Blasseneck Porphyry is overlain Blasseneck Porphyroid / Blasseneck Porphyry above erosional unconformities in the E-GWZ by the Pol- FRITZ EBNER ster Quartzite (FLAjs & SCHÖNLAUB, 1976) and in the W- GWZ by “Conglomerates” and Llandoverian “Dolomites, Validity: Invalid; lithostratigraphic unit used since PANTZ & Limestones with tuffs” (MOSTLER, 1964, 1968, 1970). ATZL (1814) in terms of a formation but not formalized; well Lateral unit(s): W-GWZ: parts of the Wildschönau Schists. characterized by HEINISCH (1981). E-GWZ: Volcaniclastics and coarse quartzites (= reworked Type area: Eisenerzer Alpen, ÖK50-UTM, map sheet 4215 Blasseneck Porphyry; SCHÖNLAUB, 1982a). Eisenerz (ÖK50-BMN, map sheet 101 Eisenerz) and ÖK50- Geographic distribution: W-GWZ: Tyrol – Salzburg: Kitz- UTM, map sheet 4214 Trieben (ÖK50-BMN, map sheet büheler Alpen, Dientener Berge, N Pongau. 131 Kalwang). E-GWZ: from the Eisenerzer Alpen in Styria to Gloggnitz in Type section: Not yet indicated. -
Pennsylvanian Pewamo Formation and Haybridge Strata of Central Michigan: the Youngest Rocks of the Michigan Basin?
The Geological Society of America Special Paper 531 Pennsylvanian Pewamo Formation and Haybridge strata of central Michigan: The youngest rocks of the Michigan Basin? Kathleen C. Benison* Department of Geology and Geography, West Virginia University, 98 Beechurst Avenue, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6300, USA ABSTRACT Pennsylvanian red beds are the youngest known rocks in the Michigan Basin. Two new formation-level units, the Pewamo Formation and the Haybridge strata, have recently been described. The Pewamo Formation, composed of Pennsylvanian red sandstones and minor laminated mudstones, is known from outcrops, abandoned quarries, and one core in Ionia County. The Haybridge unit is located in the shal- low subsurface and in coal mine tailing piles in Shiawassee County. It consists of red sandstone, red mudstone, coal, and gray mudstone, all hosting Pennsylvanian macroscopic plant fossils. Neither the Pewamo nor the Haybridge rocks have any demonstrated relationship to red core cuttings reported as Jurassic from the central Lower Peninsula of Michigan. No fi rm evidence exists for Jurassic, or any other post- Pennsylvanian rocks in the Michigan Basin. The red core cuttings may be glacial sediments with reworked palynomorphs from rocks transported from elsewhere. A shallow coring project, followed by detailed sedimentologic, petrographic, miner- alogic, and paleontologic studies, is necessary to: (1) refi ne the vertical and lateral stratigraphy of the Pennsylvanian rocks in Michigan; (2) solve the “Jurassic red bed problem”; and (3) understand the late Pennsylvanian–Pleistocene history of the Michigan Basin. INTRODUCTION This time has been referred to as the “missing interval” for the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. The Michigan Basin is rich in geologic resources, including The purpose of this paper is threefold: (1) to provide an over- oil, gas, salt, groundwater, and sand and gravel.