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Formerly Jane Campbell House, Waverley Road, St Albans, Hertfordshire Formerly Jane Campbell House, Waverley Road, St Albans, Hertfordshire Archaeological Evaluation for CgMs Consulting on behalf of Matthew Homes Limited CA Project: 660987 CA Report: 17685 November 2017 Formerly Jane Campbell House, Waverley Road, St Albans, Hertfordshire Archaeological Evaluation CA Project: 660987 CA Report: 17685 Document Control Grid Revision Date Author Checked by Status Reasons for Approved revision by A 14/11/2017 MNC/AKM MLC DRAFT INTERNAL MLC REVIEW B 29/11/2017 MNC/AKM MLC DRAFT CgMs Review MLC This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission. © Cotswold Archaeology © Cotswold Archaeology Formerly Jane Campbell House, Waverley Road, St Albans, Herts: Archaeological Evaluation CONTENTS SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... 2 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 3 2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ................................................................ 4 3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ................................................................................... 6 4. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................... 6 5. RESULTS (FIGS 2 AND 4-6) ............................................................................. 7 8. DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................... 9 9. CA PROJECT TEAM .......................................................................................... 9 10. REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 10 APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS ................................................................... 11 APPENDIX B: OASIS REPORT FORM .......................................................................... 12 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1: Site Location Plan (1:2500) Figure 2: Trench Location Plan (1:500) Figure 3: Photograph: The site, looking north and Photograph: The site, looking east Figure 4: Trenches 2 and 3, Photographs: trench 2, looking south-west and trench 3, looking north-east Figure 5: Trench 1, Photographs: trench 1, looking south-west and representative section looking north-west Figure 6: Trench 4, Photograph: trench 4, looking north-west 1 © Cotswold Archaeology Formerly Jane Campbell House, Waverley Road, St Albans, Herts: Archaeological Evaluation SUMMARY Project Name: Formerly Jane Campbell House Location: Waverley Road, St Albans, Hertfordshire NGR: 514255 208400 Type: Evaluation Date: 09-11 October 2017 Planning Reference: 5/17/0366 Location of Archive: St Albans Verulamium Museum Accession Number: TBC Site Code: JCH17 In October 2017, Cotswold Archaeology carried out an archaeological evaluation of land at Formerly Jane Campbell House, Waverly Road, St Albans. The evaluation, which was commissioned by CgMs Consulting, acting on behalf of Matthew Homes Limited comprised the excavation of four trenches. Jane Campbell House, a former one to three storey building and associated parking (on the Waverley Road frontage) was constructed on the site in the late 20th century. The site was terraced to allow for the construction of the car park and northern part of the building. The building has been demolished since 2012 to allow for re-development. No features or deposits of archaeological interest were observed during the evaluation and no artefactual or biological evidence was recovered. Most of the site was observed to be highly truncated by previous development and landscaping, with Made Ground recorded in three trenches. It is considered likely that if any archaeological remains were present within the site these have been removed by the construction and subsequent demolition of Jane Campbell House and associated terracing which has truncated deposits across most of the site. 2 © Cotswold Archaeology Formerly Jane Campbell House, Waverley Road, St Albans, Herts: Archaeological Evaluation 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 In October 2017 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological evaluation of land at Formerly Jane Campbell House, Waverley Road, St Albans, Hertfordshire (centred at NGR: 514255, 208400; Fig. 1). The evaluation, which was commissioned by CgMs Consulting (CgMs) on behalf of Matthew Homes Limited, was undertaken to fulfil a planning condition (ref: 5/17/0366) in advance of re- development for twenty-nine dwellings and all ancillary works. 1.2 The scope of the archaeological evaluation was determined following discussions between CgMs and Simon West, the St Albans District Council Archaeologist (SADCA). The evaluation was carried out in accordance with the Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) produced by CA (2017) and approved by Mr West (SADCA). The fieldwork also followed Standard and Guidance: Archaeological Field Evaluation (CIfA 2014). The site 1.3 The proposed development area is approximately 0.5ha, and comprises the site of the former nursing home, Jane Campbell House (now demolished), including a former car park along the Waverley Road frontage. Large areas of demolition rubble, rubbish and areas of disturbance were present across the site including a large spoil and rubbish heap at the south-west of the site as shown on Figure 2. The site lies at two levels with the south-east at 104.5m above Ordnance Datum (aOD), and the north-west at 97m aOD. The two levels are split by a near vertical break of slope running south-west to north-east with gentler descents at each end of the site. The northern incline was undulating where piles of rubble had been left and areas had been previously excavated. 1.4 The underlying bedrock geology of the area is mapped as Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation and Seaford Chalk Formation (undifferentiated) - Chalk of the Cretaceous period (BGS 2017). This was overlain by a superficial deposit of Kesgrave Catchment Subgroup comprising sand and gravel formed in the Quaternary period (BGS 2017). 3 © Cotswold Archaeology Formerly Jane Campbell House, Waverley Road, St Albans, Herts: Archaeological Evaluation 2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND 2.1 The archaeological and historical background of the site has been presented in detail in the Desk-Based Assessment (DBA) prepared by CgMs (2012). The following summary has been taken from the DBA and from a consultation document produced by SADCA (2015). It has been superseded by the results of the evaluation which revealed no archaeological remains within the site. Prehistoric 2.2 The only record of early prehistoric remains within the local area is a Neolithic stone axe recorded c. 500m to the north-east of the site (HER16159). 2.3 An area of Late Bronze Age occupation comprising a number of pits, stakeholes, pottery and other finds has been recorded in two areas at Folly Lane c. 700m to the south-west of the site (HER14653). Late Prehistoric and Roman 2.4 During the late Iron Age St Albans became an important centre through the emergence of the oppidum known as Verlamion, which later developed into the Roman city of Verulamium. The site is located to the east of the oppidum and north- east of the Roman city. 2.5 Beech Bottom Dyke is a large earthwork up to 30m wide and 10m deep located to the north-west of the site (HER14606). This is a large earthwork up to 30m wide and 10m deep. There is the possibility that the Dyke continued in some form into the valley in which the site is located. Its date is unknown but it is thought to be part of a late Iron Age dyke system associated with the oppidum. 2.6 The area around Folly Lane, c. 300m to the south/south-west of the site, became a focal point of activity particularly during the very late Iron Age. Excavations in the Folly Lane area have established that the area recorded was sporadically occupied during the first millennium BC, with finds such as an early Iron Age razor (HER653) recorded in the vicinity. 2.7 Recent works in the area have revealed Roman activity closer to the site than previously identified. Approximately 85m to the south-east and east is the proposed 4 © Cotswold Archaeology Formerly Jane Campbell House, Waverley Road, St Albans, Herts: Archaeological Evaluation alignment of a Roman road in the area of Branch Road and Everlasting Lane. Potentially associated, an ill-defined Roman cremation cemetery has been identified c.180m to the south-west of the site. While it’s general location is known its boundaries are poorly defined. Recent salvage works 330m to the south-west of the site revealed a large Roman feature, or features containing a large quantity of stone. 2.8 The main concentration of Roman activity is directly to the south of the site at Folly Lane where ritual activity extra-mural cemeteries, roads and industrial activity has been identified. Excavations revealed a number of wells, pits, ditches and rubbish pits dated to the early first century AD, confirming that the area was occupied by this time. During the mid-first century AD, the occupation site was replaced by a large- scale wealthy funerary site (HER6819, 14689, 14530 and 14655) comprising a mortuary shaft associated with a possible timber roofed structure, a pit for the cremated bone and burnt high status grave goods as well
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