DAYLIGHT & ARCHITECTURE BY MAGAZINE VELUX AUTUMN 2006 ISSUE 04 LIGHT 10 EURO AUTUMN 2006 ISSUE 04 LIGHT 10 EURO DAYLIGHT & ARCHITECTURE MAGAZINE BY VELUX Although we have generally reduced our thinking about vision to DISCOURSE optics, it is worth keeping in mind the earliest thoughts on vision and perception – the doctrines of Democritus and later the Greek atomist, Epicurus, as described by Lucretius, put forward the no- BY tion that vision and recognition occur in the middle ground be- tween self and object. Considering these ancient interpretations JAMES of perception has led me to the contemporary notion of light as ‘information’, most effectively manifested by glass. Glass, as the most mutable substrate, allows for both the transmission of light CARPENTER and the revelation of usually unacknowledged light phenomena. We can understand that there are, in the simplest interpret- ation, two levels of light as ‘information’ that tell us about our world. There is the conscious observation that becomes the framework for our memory and then there is unacknowledged visual information that becomes the substance of our dreams. In this view of light, occupying our conscious and unconscious selves, glass can clarify the most subtle of phenomena, making visible the subconscious act of perception and cognition, and suggest- ing that beyond interpreting the world, we have access to our memories and dreams. The general idea that the ephemeral can be central to height- ened experience of a place paradoxically requires the fullest en- gagement in that place’s materiality. This is a process that demands precision across many fields of study, which is why col- laboration is at the core of this process. The key to the success- ful project’s development is focused experimentation, animation and construction of physical models and mock-ups. Light is sim- ply the most visible form of energy, but it naturally extends to the other forms of energy, such as thermal and sound energy. This control of energy is ultimately about the human experience and a constructed and functional environment is necessarily sensi- tive to the human condition. We aim to push beyond the typical concerns of light as it is perceived reflecting off the surface of -ar chitecture – dark or light, shiny or matt. Controlling the transpar- ency, reflectivity and translucency of glass with optical and physical methods, such as applying films and coatings, we dis- play light itself, layering views of the world, with their synthe- sised versions, as if revealing the act of perception itself. Portrait: Adam Mørk. Read more about the work of James Carpenter in the article Light is the real stuff, starting on page 20. VELUX EDITORIAL tory. Few elements in a building are as vitally im- tance of light in contemporary photography, and daYlightiNG DAYlight IS Vital portant to its functional success as the window. Peter Boyce looks deeper into the effects of light Architecture must fulfil visual as well as and bio- on human health and well-being. In the main arti- JAMES CARPENTER logical needs with windows – in a way that gives us cle of Daylight & Architecture 4, Ole Bouman ex- full control over how light and heat are admitted amines the work of James Carpenter, one of the into a building and over the view we have out of that main protagonists of contemporary daylight archi- building. This branch of architecture has evolved tecture. Carpenter, who was trained both as an ar- into ‘daylighting design’. For it to evolve further, chitect and as a sculptor, has long been considered there must be a common understanding by every- a mere ‘glass specialist’ by many, but this descrip- From being a glass specialist and video artist, in one involved in the building process; a grammar, syn- tion does not do justice to his keen interest in light just over three decades James Carpenter has de- Daylight and architecture are inherently connected. tax and vocabulary, based on recognised references, as a means of communication and human percep- veloped to become one of the significant cultural pi- Throughout the history of architecture, daylight for defining what high quality daylighting is and how tion. In his most recent work, James Carpenter not oneers between the realms of art, architecture and has played an invaluable role in the lighting of build- the right balance in its effect can be achieved. Pro- only collaborates with recognised architectural of- engineering. In his article, Ole Bouman describes a ings. Daylight is essential – not only for vision, but viding solutions for ensuring the best possible indoor fices such asS OM and Foster and Partners; he also man poised at the threshold between autonomous also for the effects on people working in, living or comfort level in any building has been at the heart expands his task from that of an artist to that of an art and service, and specialist expertise and the experiencing the built environment. Seen from a bi- of our business since the company was founded in architect in his own right, creating whole atmos- 20 complete art work. ological point of view, daylight is the essential fac- 942, to provide solutions for ensuring the best pos- pheres that embrace daylight and artificial light as tor for the existence of all life. Humans are diurnal sible indoor comfort level in any building. well as ventilation, temperature control and spa- reflectioNS animals. Our circadian rhythm is governed by the This edition of Daylight & Architecture takes a tial relations – in other words, almost all the chan- alternating presence and absence of daylight. In look at the topic of light from a variety of different nels through which a building communicates both WRITING WITH LIGHT our waking phase, light allows us to see, to read, to viewpoints. Pablo Buonocore explains the role of with its environment and the user. paint – in fact, to live a normal human life. But there daylight in human culture, from ancient mythology We hope Daylight & Architecture 4 will be a is increasing evidence that it has other less obvious to the more scientific approach that has prevailed most enlightening read. effects on our physical and mental health. since the Renaissance, and to the efforts that are The effects of light through window openings being made today to capture, harness and control have been a tool – sometimes a toy – to the painter, daylight in order to enhance the quality of human the photographer and the architect throughout his- life. Liz Wells discusses the ever-present impor- No photography without light – this principle has re- AUTUMN 2006 CONTENTS mained unchallenged even by the digital revolution. Liz Lee explains how contemporary photographers ISSue 04 work with the material they use to create their pic- 34 tures, and the significance they attach to it. Discourse by James Carpenter Now VELUX INSight 2 VELUX Editorial Contents VARIATIONS IN WHITE 4 Now 8 Mankind and architecture Light as a cultural asset The latest of James Turrell’s “Skyspaces” in which Through painstaking detail work, Frank Maali and 6 European Light light art meets astronomy has now been installed in Gemma Lalanda laboriously liberated a former car Näsijärvi, Tampere, Finland Zuoz in the Graubünden Canton of Switzerland. In workshop in Copenhagen from the ballast of its 20 Daylighting Stuttgart’s Mercedes-Benz Museum, more than previous life to reveal the generous rooms and ex- Light is the real stuff 00 historic automobiles sparkle under the glare pressive wooden construction of the original build- 4 Reflections of headlights – and the metal sheet facade of the ing. The lovingly restored premises are now used by Writing with light UN Studio building gleams in the sunlight. Plus the the Mogens Dahl Institute, which benefits from 40 Daylighting details new “light cube” of the Unter den Linden State the ingeniously designed daylight concept that al- Light and Health: Library in Berlin and the first restaurant byT adao lowed the architects to breathe new life into a once The Implications for Lighting Ando in New York. dismal old building. 44 VELUX Insight 4 44 Variations in white Mogens Dahl Institute in Copenhagen DAYlightiNG detailS VELUX PANorama 54 VELUX Panorama Boulder in the Vineyard LIGHT AND HEALTH: Maison Zufferey in Leytron THE IMPLICATIONS Tradition in new clothes FOR LIGHTING “ G” in Tokyo 6 VELUX Dialogue Two monolithic structures, one in Japan and the Interview with Glenn Murcutt other in Wallis, which abide by their own sets of 68 Books regulations but still achieve an amicable dialogue Reviews Put simply, light affects people in three ways: with their environment. Nunatak Architects have Recommendations through the skin, through the eyes and through placed an ‘inclined box’ made of wood and slate in 72 Preview the circadian system which regulates our waking a vineyard in Leytron, while in a suburb of Tokyo, and sleeping patterns. Peter Boyce explains the Jun Aoki has erected a residential block in virginal influences of light on the human body and soul, and white. Its inner rooms serve the primary purpose investigates the consequences to be drawn by the of bringing to life the rich and changing tapestry 40 world of architecture. 58 54 of nuances created by daylight. 2 D&A AUTUMN 2006 ISSUE 04 The things that make architecture tick: NOW events, competitions and selected new devel- opments from the world of daylighting. EUROPEAN For the seventh time since 995, the After ‘Work Places’ in 2005 (the participants are expected to sub- COMING clOSER The ‘Skyspaces’ by the American in Zuoz/Engadine. The circular ‘Sky- European Architectural Photogra- photo below is by Andrea Botto from mit a series of maximum four photo- light artist James Turrell are sky space Piz Uter’ (altar mountain) was ARCHITecTURAL phy Prize will be awarded next year.