Histamine Intolerance
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Headache Is One of the Most Common Complaints Voiced in a Doctor's
Headache is one of the most common complaints voiced in a doctor’s examination room. Many of these headaches are "benign" in the sense that they are brought on by stress or anxiety, the amount of discomfort is mild to moderate, and relief is achieved withi n a few hours. A second type of headache occurs secondary to a medical illnesses, usually a minor condition such as the flu. Only in rare cases are these headaches a sign of serious conditions such as cerebral aneurysms or strokes. A third type of headache , affecting 10 - 20% of the population, is a migraine (1). Migraines consist of periodic attacks of hemicranial pain, vomiting, photophobia, phonophobia, tiredness, irritability, and impaired concentration. In the case of a classical migraine, the headache itself is preceded by an "aura" consisting of visual problems, generally blind spots or hallucinations. A common migraine contains no premonitory aura (2). Several hypothesis have been proposed to account for the various features of a migraine, yet no cle ar mechanism exists to explain why or how a migraine headache occurs. Certain foods, such as chocolate, wine, and cheese, have been suspected of initiating migraines. It is the purpose of this paper to evaluate the evidence for dietary triggers of migraine s, suggest a mechanism by which specific molecules in food could induce a migraine, and make recommendations regarding dietary treatment for migraine sufferers. Research on the Role of Food in Migraine Headaches Studies implicating food in the pathogene sis of migraines date back to the 1920’s when researchers began to examine and manipulate the diets of individuals suffering from migraines. -
Allergens Immunoglobulin E (Ige) Antibodies
Allergens − Immunoglobulin E (IgE) Antibodies Single Allergen IgE Antibody This test is principally useful to confirm the allergen specificity in patients with clinically documented allergic disease. Therefore, requests for these tests should be made after a careful and comprehensive medical history is taken. Utilized in this manner, a single allergen immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody test is cost-effective. A positive result may indicate that allergic signs and symptoms are caused by exposure to the specific allergen. Multi-allergen IgE Antibodies Profile Tests A number of related allergens are grouped together for ordering convenience. Each is tested individually and reported. Sample volume requirements are the same as if the tests were ordered individually. Panel Tests A pooled allergen reagent is used for each panel; therefore, the panel is reported with a single qualitative class result and concentration. The multi-allergen IgE antibody panel, combined with measurement of IgE in serum, is an appropriate first-order test for allergic disease. Positive results indicate the possibility of allergic disease induced by one or more allergens present in the multi-allergen panel. Negative results may rule out allergy, except in rare cases of allergic disease induced by exposure to a single allergen. Panel testing requires less specimen volume and less cost for ruling out allergic response; however, individual (single) allergen responses cannot be identified. In cases of a positive panel test, follow-up testing must be performed to differentiate between individual allergens in the panel. Note: Only 1 result is generated for each panel. Panels may be ordered with or without concurrent measurement of total IgE. -
ALLERGIC REACTIONS/ANAPHYLAXIS Connie J
Northwest Community EMS System Paramedic Education Program ALLERGIC REACTIONS/ANAPHYLAXIS Connie J. Mattera, M.S., R.N., EMT-P Reading assignments Text-Vol.1 pp. 235, 1272-1276 SOP: Allergic Reactions/ Anaphylactic Shock Assumed knowledge: Drugs: Epinephrine 1:1,000, 1:10,000; albuterol, ipratropium, dopamine, glucagon KNOWLEDGE OBJECTIVES Upon reading the assigned text assignments and completion of the class and homework questions, each participant will independently do the following with at least an 80% degree of accuracy and no critical errors: 1. Define allergic reaction. 2. Describe the incidence, morbidity and mortality of allergic reactions and anaphylaxis. 3. Identify risk factors that predispose a patient to anaphylaxis. 4. Explain the physiology of the immune system following exposure to an allergen including activation of histamine receptors and the formation of antibodies. 5. Discuss the pathophysiology of allergic reactions and anaphylaxis. 6. Describe the common modes by which allergens enter the body. 7. Compare and contrast natural and acquired and active vs. passive immunity. 8. Identify antigens most frequently associated with anaphylaxis. 9. Differentiate the clinical presentation and severity of risk for a mild, moderate and severe allergic reaction with an emphasis on recognizing an anaphylactic reaction. 10. Integrate the pathophysiologic principles of anaphylaxis with treatment priorities. 11. Sequence care per SOP for patients with mild, moderate and severe allergic reactions. CJM: S14 NWC EMSS Paramedic Education Program ALLERGIC REACTIONS/ANAPHYLAXIS Connie J. Mattera, M.S., R.N., EMT-P I. Immune system A. Principal body system involved in allergic reactions. Others include the cutaneous, cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous, and gastrointestinal systems. -
Histamine and Gut Mucosal Immune Regulation S
Allergy REVIEW ARTICLE Histamine and gut mucosal immune regulation S. Smolinska1,2, M. Jutel1,2, R. Crameri3 & L. O’Mahony3 1Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw; 2‘ALL-MED’ Medical Research Institute, Wroclaw, Poland; 3Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland To cite this article: Smolinska S, Jutel M, Crameri R, O’Mahony L. Histamine and gut mucosal immune regulation. Allergy 2013; DOI: 10.1111/all.12330. Keywords Abstract allergy; histamine; inflammation; microbial Histamine is a biogenic amine with extensive effects on many cell types, mediated metabolites; mucosal immunology. by the activation of its four receptors (H1R–H4R). Distinct effects are dependent Correspondence on receptor subtypes and their differential expression. Within the gastrointestinal Dr. Liam O’Mahony, SIAF, Obere Strasse tract, histamine is present at relatively high concentrations, particularly during 22, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland. inflammatory responses. In this review, we discuss the immunoregulatory influ- Tel.: +41-81-4100853 ence of histamine on a number of gastrointestinal disorders, including food Fax: +41-81-4100840 allergy, scombroid food poisoning, histamine intolerance, irritable bowel syn- E-mail: [email protected] drome, and inflammatory bowel disease. It is clear that the effects of histamine on mucosal immune homeostasis are dependent on expression and activity of the Accepted for publication 21 October 2013 four currently known histamine receptors; however, the relative protective or pathogenic effects of histamine on inflammatory processes within the gut are still DOI:10.1111/all.12330 poorly defined and require further investigation. Edited by: Hans-Uwe Simon Histamine [2-(4-imidazolyl)-ethylamine] is a short-acting studies demonstrate the influence of histamine on wound endogenous amine, which is widely distributed throughout healing, circulatory disease, immunology, oncology, and the body (1, 2). -
Neoantigen Prevents Allergic Sensitization to a Initial High-Dose Nasal Allergen Exposure
Initial High-Dose Nasal Allergen Exposure Prevents Allergic Sensitization to a Neoantigen This information is current as Marc A. Riedl, Elliot M. Landaw, Andrew Saxon and David of September 28, 2021. Diaz-Sanchez J Immunol 2005; 174:7440-7445; ; doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.11.7440 http://www.jimmunol.org/content/174/11/7440 Downloaded from References This article cites 45 articles, 15 of which you can access for free at: http://www.jimmunol.org/content/174/11/7440.full#ref-list-1 http://www.jimmunol.org/ Why The JI? Submit online. • Rapid Reviews! 30 days* from submission to initial decision • No Triage! Every submission reviewed by practicing scientists • Fast Publication! 4 weeks from acceptance to publication by guest on September 28, 2021 *average Subscription Information about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: http://jimmunol.org/subscription Permissions Submit copyright permission requests at: http://www.aai.org/About/Publications/JI/copyright.html Email Alerts Receive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at: http://jimmunol.org/alerts The Journal of Immunology is published twice each month by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc., 1451 Rockville Pike, Suite 650, Rockville, MD 20852 Copyright © 2005 by The American Association of Immunologists All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0022-1767 Online ISSN: 1550-6606. The Journal of Immunology Initial High-Dose Nasal Allergen Exposure Prevents Allergic Sensitization to a Neoantigen1 Marc A. Riedl,2* Elliot M. Landaw,† Andrew Saxon,* and David Diaz-Sanchez* Primary allergic sensitization—IgE formation after Ag exposure—is fundamental in the development of allergic respiratory disease. -
Allergy Markers in Respiratory Epidemiology
Copyright #ERS Journals Ltd 2001 Eur Respir J 2001; 17: 773±790 European Respiratory Journal Printed in UK ± all rights reserved ISSN 0903-1936 SERIES "CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY MONOGRAPHS" Edited by M. Decramer and A. Rossi Number 1 in thisSeries Allergy markers in respiratory epidemiology S. Baldacci*, E. Omenaas#, M.P. Oryszczyn} Allergy markers in respiratory epidemiology. S. Baldacci. #ERS Journals Ltd 2001. *Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, ABSTRACT: Assessing allergy by measurement of serum immunoglobulin Ig) E Italy. #Dept of Thoracic Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norw- antibodies is fast and safe to perform. Serum antibodies can preferably be assessed in } patients with dermatitis and in those who regularly use antihistamines and other ay. INSERM U472, Villejuif, France. pharmacological agents that reduce skin sensitivity. Correspondence: S. Baldacci, Istituto di Skin tests represent the easiest tool to obtain quick and reliable information for the Fisiologia Clinica, CNR, Via Trieste diagnosis of respiratory allergic diseases. It is the technique more widely used, speci®c 41, 56126 Pisa, Italy. and reasonably sensitive for most applications as a marker of atopy. Fax: 39 50503596 Measurement of serum IgE antibodies and skin-prick testing may give complimentary information and can be applied in clinical and epidemiological settings. Keywords: Atopy, eosinophilia, epide- Peripheral blood eosinophilia is less used, but is important in clinical practice to miology, general population, immuno- demonstrate the allergic aetiology of disease, to monitor its clinical course and to globulin E, skin test reactivity address the choice of therapy. In epidemiology, hypereosinophilia seems to re¯ect an Received: December 11 2000 in¯ammatory reaction in the airways, which may be linked to obstructive air¯ow Accepted after revision December 15 limitation. -
Food Allergy and Intolerance: a Narrative Review on Nutritional Concerns
nutrients Review Food Allergy and Intolerance: A Narrative Review on Nutritional Concerns Domenico Gargano 1,†, Ramapraba Appanna 2,†, Antonella Santonicola 2 , Fabio De Bartolomeis 1, Cristiana Stellato 2, Antonella Cianferoni 3, Vincenzo Casolaro 2 and Paola Iovino 2,* 1 Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, 83100 Avellino, Italy; [email protected] (D.G.); [email protected] (F.D.B.) 2 Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; [email protected] (R.A.); [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (C.S.); [email protected] (V.C.) 3 Division of Allergy and Immunology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-335-7822672 † These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: Adverse food reactions include immune-mediated food allergies and non-immune-mediated intolerances. However, this distinction and the involvement of different pathogenetic mechanisms are often confused. Furthermore, there is a discrepancy between the perceived vs. actual prevalence of immune-mediated food allergies and non-immune reactions to food that are extremely common. The risk of an inappropriate approach to their correct identification can lead to inappropriate diets with severe nutritional deficiencies. This narrative review provides an outline of the pathophysiologic and clinical features of immune and non-immune adverse reactions to food—along with general Citation: Gargano, D.; Appanna, R.; diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Special emphasis is placed on specific nutritional concerns for Santonicola, A.; De Bartolomeis, F.; each of these conditions from the combined point of view of gastroenterology and immunology, in Stellato, C.; Cianferoni, A.; Casolaro, an attempt to offer a useful tool to practicing physicians in discriminating these diverging disease V.; Iovino, P. -
A Rationale for Targeting Sentinel Innate Immune Signaling of Group 1 House Dust Mite Allergens Th
Molecular Pharmacology Fast Forward. Published on July 5, 2018 as DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.112730 This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. MOL #112730 1 Title Page MiniReview for Molecular Pharmacology Allergen Delivery Inhibitors: A Rationale for Targeting Sentinel Innate Immune Signaling of Group 1 House Dust Mite Allergens Through Structure-Based Protease Inhibitor Design Downloaded from molpharm.aspetjournals.org Jihui Zhang, Jie Chen, Gary K Newton, Trevor R Perrior, Clive Robinson at ASPET Journals on September 26, 2021 Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom (JZ, JC, CR) State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China (JZ) Domainex Ltd, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Saffron Walden, CB10 1XL, United Kingdom (GKN, TRP) Molecular Pharmacology Fast Forward. Published on July 5, 2018 as DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.112730 This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. MOL #112730 2 Running Title Page Running Title: Allergen Delivery Inhibitors Correspondence: Professor Clive Robinson, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, SW17 0RE, UK [email protected] Downloaded from Number of pages: 68 (including references, tables and figures)(word count = 19,752) 26 (main text)(word count = 10,945) Number of Tables: 3 molpharm.aspetjournals.org -
Lab Animal Allergies
Volume 27 No. 5 2012 basophils. Since mast cells and basophils are his issue of the BRL Bulletin will discuss T abundant in the skin, conjunctiva, respiratory allergies due to exposure to laboratory animals. tract, and gastrointestinal tract, these areas are Laboratory animal allergy (LAA) is the most the sites for allergic reactions. In these areas, it is common medical condition that affects individuals the histamine released by the mast cells and who work with animals in the research basophils that causes the symptoms commonly environment. It has been estimated that 11 to 44% seen in allergic individuals, including constriction of individuals who work with laboratory animals will of airways, tissue edema, increased mucus develop an allergic condition to these animals. Of secretion, itching, and sneezing. Once a person those who develop allergies, four to 22% will is sensitized to an allergen, he/she will develop eventually develop occupation-related asthma, a allergic symptoms within 10-15 minutes of serious, life-long respiratory disease. In other subsequent exposure to that allergen. In addition words, more than one out of ten people who work to this early phase reaction, approximately half of with laboratory animals will develop allergic allergic individuals will also develop a late phase symptoms and of these individuals, at least one reaction three to four hours following exposure to out of twenty will develop asthma. It has been the allergen. This reaction typically reaches its reported that the prevalence of asthma maximum intensity four to eight hours following subsequent to LAA might be decreasing because exposure, and resolves after 12 to 14 hours. -
Diseases of the Immune System 813
Chapter 19 | Diseases of the Immune System 813 Chapter 19 Diseases of the Immune System Figure 19.1 Bee stings and other allergens can cause life-threatening, systemic allergic reactions. Sensitive individuals may need to carry an epinephrine auto-injector (e.g., EpiPen) in case of a sting. A bee-sting allergy is an example of an immune response that is harmful to the host rather than protective; epinephrine counteracts the severe drop in blood pressure that can result from the immune response. (credit right: modification of work by Carol Bleistine) Chapter Outline 19.1 Hypersensitivities 19.2 Autoimmune Disorders 19.3 Organ Transplantation and Rejection 19.4 Immunodeficiency 19.5 Cancer Immunobiology and Immunotherapy Introduction An allergic reaction is an immune response to a type of antigen called an allergen. Allergens can be found in many different items, from peanuts and insect stings to latex and some drugs. Unlike other kinds of antigens, allergens are not necessarily associated with pathogenic microbes, and many allergens provoke no immune response at all in most people. Allergic responses vary in severity. Some are mild and localized, like hay fever or hives, but others can result in systemic, life-threatening reactions. Anaphylaxis, for example, is a rapidly developing allergic reaction that can cause a dangerous drop in blood pressure and severe swelling of the throat that may close off the airway. Allergies are just one example of how the immune system—the system normally responsible for preventing disease—can actually cause or mediate disease symptoms. In this chapter, we will further explore allergies and other disorders of the immune system, including hypersensitivity reactions, autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection, and diseases associated with immunodeficiency. -
Review of Intolerance Reactions to Food and Food Additives
International Food Risk Analysis Journal Review of Intolerance Reactions to Food and Food Additives Hikmat Hayder*, Utz Mueller and Andrew Bartholomaeus Risk Assessment Branch, Food Standards Australia New Zealand * Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Received 14 September 2011; final version received 7 November 2011 © 2011 Hayder et al.; licensee InTech. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract There is ongoing interest in the community in perceived to be a major cause of intolerance reactions in the area of intolerance reactions to food and food the community. However, except for sulphites, clinical additives. To inform future discussions on this subject, evidence of a causal link between food additives and FSANZ initiated a scientific review to give further intolerance reactions is limited, and the frequency, consideration to key issues underpinning the public severity and spectrum of symptoms are yet to be debate. This paper provides an overview of the determined. contemporary understanding of food intolerance, and highlights the individual nature of intolerance reactions In Australia and New Zealand, the approval of food and the wide range of food chemicals, whether naturally additives follows a rigorous process based on two occurring or added to food, which may contribute to principles: the additive must fulfil a technological intolerance reactions. The clinical manifestations of function, and must not pose a safety concern to intolerance described in the literature vary widely, both consumers at the proposed level of use. -
How Allergies Work Allergies Work
Howstuffworks "How Allergies Work" 8/20/02 8:46 AM Free Newsletter! • Suggestions!Click Here!• Win! • About HSW • Contact Us • Home Daily Stuff • Top 40 • What's New • HSW Store • Forums • Advertise! • Affiliate Search HowStuffWorks & the Web Click here to go back to the normal view! How Allergies Work by Steve Beach A properly functioning immune system is a well-trained and disciplined biological warfare unit for the Photo courtesy National Institute body. The immune of Allergy and Infectious Disease system is really quite (NIAID) amazing. It is able to An immune cell identify and destroy undergoing an allergic many foreign invaders. reaction The immune system can also identify cells that are infected internally with viruses, as well as many cells that are on their way to becoming tumors. It does all of this work so the body remains healthy. As amazing as the immune system is, it sometimes makes mistakes. Allergies are the result of a hypersensitive immune system. The allergic immune system misidentifies an otherwise innocuous substance as harmful, and then attacks the substance with a ferocity far greater than required. The problems this attack can cause range from mildly inconvenient and uncomfortable to the total failure of the organism the immune system is supposed to be protecting. In this edition of HowStuffWorks, we'll examine the most established school of thought on what makes up the condition referred to as an allergy. A defining premise of this school of thought is that allergic symptoms are always triggered by a http://www.howstuffworks.com/allergy.htm/printable Page 1 of 10 Howstuffworks "How Allergies Work" 8/20/02 8:46 AM protein.