Allergens Immunoglobulin E (Ige) Antibodies
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ALLERGIC REACTIONS/ANAPHYLAXIS Connie J
Northwest Community EMS System Paramedic Education Program ALLERGIC REACTIONS/ANAPHYLAXIS Connie J. Mattera, M.S., R.N., EMT-P Reading assignments Text-Vol.1 pp. 235, 1272-1276 SOP: Allergic Reactions/ Anaphylactic Shock Assumed knowledge: Drugs: Epinephrine 1:1,000, 1:10,000; albuterol, ipratropium, dopamine, glucagon KNOWLEDGE OBJECTIVES Upon reading the assigned text assignments and completion of the class and homework questions, each participant will independently do the following with at least an 80% degree of accuracy and no critical errors: 1. Define allergic reaction. 2. Describe the incidence, morbidity and mortality of allergic reactions and anaphylaxis. 3. Identify risk factors that predispose a patient to anaphylaxis. 4. Explain the physiology of the immune system following exposure to an allergen including activation of histamine receptors and the formation of antibodies. 5. Discuss the pathophysiology of allergic reactions and anaphylaxis. 6. Describe the common modes by which allergens enter the body. 7. Compare and contrast natural and acquired and active vs. passive immunity. 8. Identify antigens most frequently associated with anaphylaxis. 9. Differentiate the clinical presentation and severity of risk for a mild, moderate and severe allergic reaction with an emphasis on recognizing an anaphylactic reaction. 10. Integrate the pathophysiologic principles of anaphylaxis with treatment priorities. 11. Sequence care per SOP for patients with mild, moderate and severe allergic reactions. CJM: S14 NWC EMSS Paramedic Education Program ALLERGIC REACTIONS/ANAPHYLAXIS Connie J. Mattera, M.S., R.N., EMT-P I. Immune system A. Principal body system involved in allergic reactions. Others include the cutaneous, cardiovascular, respiratory, nervous, and gastrointestinal systems. -
Elements of Immunoglobulin E Network Associate with Aortic Valve Area in Patients with Acquired Aortic Stenosis
biomedicines Communication Elements of Immunoglobulin E Network Associate with Aortic Valve Area in Patients with Acquired Aortic Stenosis Daniel P. Potaczek 1,2,† , Aleksandra Przytulska-Szczerbik 2,†, Stanisława Bazan-Socha 3 , Artur Jurczyszyn 4, Ko Okumura 5, Chiharu Nishiyama 6, Anetta Undas 2,7,‡ and Ewa Wypasek 2,8,*,‡ 1 Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Medical Faculty, Philipps University Marburg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL) and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35043 Marburg, Germany; [email protected] 2 Krakow Center for Medical Research and Technology, John Paul II Hospital, 31-202 Krakow, Poland; [email protected] (A.P.-S.); [email protected] (A.U.) 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland; [email protected] 4 Department of Hematology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; [email protected] 5 Atopy Research Center, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; [email protected] 6 Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; [email protected] 7 Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-202 Krakow, Poland 8 Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, 30-705 Krakow, Poland * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-12-614-31-35 † These first authors contributed equally to this work. ‡ These last authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: Allergic mechanisms are likely involved in atherosclerosis and its clinical presentations, Citation: Potaczek, D.P.; Przytulska-Szczerbik, A.; Bazan-Socha, such as coronary artery disease (CAD). -
Neoantigen Prevents Allergic Sensitization to a Initial High-Dose Nasal Allergen Exposure
Initial High-Dose Nasal Allergen Exposure Prevents Allergic Sensitization to a Neoantigen This information is current as Marc A. Riedl, Elliot M. Landaw, Andrew Saxon and David of September 28, 2021. Diaz-Sanchez J Immunol 2005; 174:7440-7445; ; doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.11.7440 http://www.jimmunol.org/content/174/11/7440 Downloaded from References This article cites 45 articles, 15 of which you can access for free at: http://www.jimmunol.org/content/174/11/7440.full#ref-list-1 http://www.jimmunol.org/ Why The JI? Submit online. • Rapid Reviews! 30 days* from submission to initial decision • No Triage! Every submission reviewed by practicing scientists • Fast Publication! 4 weeks from acceptance to publication by guest on September 28, 2021 *average Subscription Information about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: http://jimmunol.org/subscription Permissions Submit copyright permission requests at: http://www.aai.org/About/Publications/JI/copyright.html Email Alerts Receive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at: http://jimmunol.org/alerts The Journal of Immunology is published twice each month by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc., 1451 Rockville Pike, Suite 650, Rockville, MD 20852 Copyright © 2005 by The American Association of Immunologists All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0022-1767 Online ISSN: 1550-6606. The Journal of Immunology Initial High-Dose Nasal Allergen Exposure Prevents Allergic Sensitization to a Neoantigen1 Marc A. Riedl,2* Elliot M. Landaw,† Andrew Saxon,* and David Diaz-Sanchez* Primary allergic sensitization—IgE formation after Ag exposure—is fundamental in the development of allergic respiratory disease. -
Allergy Markers in Respiratory Epidemiology
Copyright #ERS Journals Ltd 2001 Eur Respir J 2001; 17: 773±790 European Respiratory Journal Printed in UK ± all rights reserved ISSN 0903-1936 SERIES "CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY MONOGRAPHS" Edited by M. Decramer and A. Rossi Number 1 in thisSeries Allergy markers in respiratory epidemiology S. Baldacci*, E. Omenaas#, M.P. Oryszczyn} Allergy markers in respiratory epidemiology. S. Baldacci. #ERS Journals Ltd 2001. *Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, ABSTRACT: Assessing allergy by measurement of serum immunoglobulin Ig) E Italy. #Dept of Thoracic Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norw- antibodies is fast and safe to perform. Serum antibodies can preferably be assessed in } patients with dermatitis and in those who regularly use antihistamines and other ay. INSERM U472, Villejuif, France. pharmacological agents that reduce skin sensitivity. Correspondence: S. Baldacci, Istituto di Skin tests represent the easiest tool to obtain quick and reliable information for the Fisiologia Clinica, CNR, Via Trieste diagnosis of respiratory allergic diseases. It is the technique more widely used, speci®c 41, 56126 Pisa, Italy. and reasonably sensitive for most applications as a marker of atopy. Fax: 39 50503596 Measurement of serum IgE antibodies and skin-prick testing may give complimentary information and can be applied in clinical and epidemiological settings. Keywords: Atopy, eosinophilia, epide- Peripheral blood eosinophilia is less used, but is important in clinical practice to miology, general population, immuno- demonstrate the allergic aetiology of disease, to monitor its clinical course and to globulin E, skin test reactivity address the choice of therapy. In epidemiology, hypereosinophilia seems to re¯ect an Received: December 11 2000 in¯ammatory reaction in the airways, which may be linked to obstructive air¯ow Accepted after revision December 15 limitation. -
An Association of Absolute Eosinophil Count, Serum Immunoglobulin E
ORIGINAL ARTICLE An Association of Absolute Eosinophil Count, Serum Immunoglobulin E, and Spirometry with Comorbid Bronchial Asthma in the Patients of Allergic Rhinitis Davis T Pulimoottil1, Neelima Vijayan2, Nirmal C Venkataramanujam3, Padmanabhan Karthikeyan4, Ramiya R Kaipuzha5 ABSTRACT Aim: This study aimed to analyze the association of absolute eosinophil count, serum IgE, and spirometry with comorbid bronchial asthma in patients of allergic rhinitis. Materials and methods: This study involved 50 patients with signs and symptoms of allergic rhinitis who underwent clinical examination and various tests including spirometry and were followed up regularly. Patients found to have bronchial asthma or nasal polyposis were treated accordingly. Results: The study found the prevalence of bronchial asthma in patients with allergic rhinitis to be 58% and that the severity of bronchial asthma reduced significantly with less acute attacks and reduced hospitalizations with the effective treatment of allergic rhinitis (p = 0.064). Conclusion: This study showed that elevated AEC and serum IgE were significantly associated with coexisting allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma and increased the chance of coexistence of the same. Spirometry is a useful tool for observing the response to treatment. Clinical significance: The findings of this study reinforce the unified airway concept and should therefore propel ENT clinicians to diagnose and tackle early bronchial asthma in patients of allergic rhinitis, thus reducing the overall morbidity. Keywords: -
Serum Immunoglobulin E and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial
Published OnlineFirst April 9, 2014; DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-1359 Cancer Epidemiology, Short Communication Biomarkers & Prevention Serum Immunoglobulin E and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial Sara H. Olson1, Meier Hsu1, Joseph L. Wiemels5, Paige M. Bracci5, Mi Zhou5, Joseph Patoka5, William R. Reisacher4, Julie Wang3, Robert C. Kurtz2, Debra T. Silverman6, and Rachael Z. Stolzenberg-Solomon7 Abstract Epidemiologic studies have consistently found that self-reported allergies are associated with reduced risk of pancreatic cancer. Our aim was to prospectively assess the relationship between serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), a marker of allergy, and risk. This nested case–control study within the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) included subjects enrolled in 1994 to 2001 and followed through 2010. There were 283 cases of pancreatic cancer and 544 controls matched on age, gender, race, and calendar date of blood draw. Using the ImmunoCAP system, we measured total IgE (normal, borderline, elevated), IgE to respiratory allergens, and IgE to food allergens (negative or positive) in serum collected at baseline. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. We assessed interactions with age, gender, smoking, body mass index, and time between randomization and case diagnosis. Overall, there was no association between the IgE measures and risk. We found a statistically significant interaction by baseline age: in those aged 65 years, elevated risks were observed for borderline total IgE (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 0.88–2.32) and elevated total IgE (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.16–3.37) and positive IgE to food allergens (OR, 2.83; 95% CI, 1.29–6.20); among participants <65 years, ORs were <1. -
A Rationale for Targeting Sentinel Innate Immune Signaling of Group 1 House Dust Mite Allergens Th
Molecular Pharmacology Fast Forward. Published on July 5, 2018 as DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.112730 This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. MOL #112730 1 Title Page MiniReview for Molecular Pharmacology Allergen Delivery Inhibitors: A Rationale for Targeting Sentinel Innate Immune Signaling of Group 1 House Dust Mite Allergens Through Structure-Based Protease Inhibitor Design Downloaded from molpharm.aspetjournals.org Jihui Zhang, Jie Chen, Gary K Newton, Trevor R Perrior, Clive Robinson at ASPET Journals on September 26, 2021 Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom (JZ, JC, CR) State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China (JZ) Domainex Ltd, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford, Saffron Walden, CB10 1XL, United Kingdom (GKN, TRP) Molecular Pharmacology Fast Forward. Published on July 5, 2018 as DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.112730 This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. MOL #112730 2 Running Title Page Running Title: Allergen Delivery Inhibitors Correspondence: Professor Clive Robinson, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, SW17 0RE, UK [email protected] Downloaded from Number of pages: 68 (including references, tables and figures)(word count = 19,752) 26 (main text)(word count = 10,945) Number of Tables: 3 molpharm.aspetjournals.org -
Immunoglobulin E Levels and Risk of Lymphoma in a Case-Control Study in Spain
1492 Immunoglobulin E Levels and Risk of Lymphoma in a Case-Control Study in Spain Lis Ellison-Loschmann,1,4 Yolanda Benavente,1 Jeroen Douwes,4 Enric Buendia,2 Rebecca Font,1 Toma´sA´ lvaro,5 Manolis Kogevinas,3,6 and Silvia de Sanjose´1 1Epidemiology and Cancer Registry Unit, Institut Catala`d’Oncologia; 2 Immunology-Allergy Department, Hospital de Bellvitge; 3Respiratory and Environmental Health Research Unit, IMIM, Barcelona, Spain; 4 Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand; 5 Department of Pathology, Hospital Verge de la Cinta, Tortosa, Spain; and 6 University of Crete, Crete, Greece Abstract Epidemiologic studies have shown an inverse association the high [odds ratio (OR), 0.39; 95% confidence interval (95% between atopy and malignant lymphoma, but results are CI), 0.28-0.54] and middle (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.40-0.74) tertiles inconsistent. We investigated levels of IgE, before and after for total serum IgE compared with the low tertile. Specific commencement of treatment, and evaluated lymphoma risk IgE to common aeroallergens (defined as z0.35 kU/L) was in relation to total and specific IgE levels. Serum levels of also inversely associated with risk of lymphoma (OR, 0.67; IgM, IgA, and IgG were also measured. We enrolled 467 95% CI, 0.45-1.00). Lymphoma was associated with IgA and newly diagnosed lymphoma cases and 544 hospital controls, IgM but not IgG. Mean levels of all immunoglobulins were matched for age, sex, and hospital. Lymphomas were decreased with more advanced malignancy, and total serum histologically confirmed and categorized according to the IgE levels were lower before treatment. -
Lab Animal Allergies
Volume 27 No. 5 2012 basophils. Since mast cells and basophils are his issue of the BRL Bulletin will discuss T abundant in the skin, conjunctiva, respiratory allergies due to exposure to laboratory animals. tract, and gastrointestinal tract, these areas are Laboratory animal allergy (LAA) is the most the sites for allergic reactions. In these areas, it is common medical condition that affects individuals the histamine released by the mast cells and who work with animals in the research basophils that causes the symptoms commonly environment. It has been estimated that 11 to 44% seen in allergic individuals, including constriction of individuals who work with laboratory animals will of airways, tissue edema, increased mucus develop an allergic condition to these animals. Of secretion, itching, and sneezing. Once a person those who develop allergies, four to 22% will is sensitized to an allergen, he/she will develop eventually develop occupation-related asthma, a allergic symptoms within 10-15 minutes of serious, life-long respiratory disease. In other subsequent exposure to that allergen. In addition words, more than one out of ten people who work to this early phase reaction, approximately half of with laboratory animals will develop allergic allergic individuals will also develop a late phase symptoms and of these individuals, at least one reaction three to four hours following exposure to out of twenty will develop asthma. It has been the allergen. This reaction typically reaches its reported that the prevalence of asthma maximum intensity four to eight hours following subsequent to LAA might be decreasing because exposure, and resolves after 12 to 14 hours. -
Diseases of the Immune System 813
Chapter 19 | Diseases of the Immune System 813 Chapter 19 Diseases of the Immune System Figure 19.1 Bee stings and other allergens can cause life-threatening, systemic allergic reactions. Sensitive individuals may need to carry an epinephrine auto-injector (e.g., EpiPen) in case of a sting. A bee-sting allergy is an example of an immune response that is harmful to the host rather than protective; epinephrine counteracts the severe drop in blood pressure that can result from the immune response. (credit right: modification of work by Carol Bleistine) Chapter Outline 19.1 Hypersensitivities 19.2 Autoimmune Disorders 19.3 Organ Transplantation and Rejection 19.4 Immunodeficiency 19.5 Cancer Immunobiology and Immunotherapy Introduction An allergic reaction is an immune response to a type of antigen called an allergen. Allergens can be found in many different items, from peanuts and insect stings to latex and some drugs. Unlike other kinds of antigens, allergens are not necessarily associated with pathogenic microbes, and many allergens provoke no immune response at all in most people. Allergic responses vary in severity. Some are mild and localized, like hay fever or hives, but others can result in systemic, life-threatening reactions. Anaphylaxis, for example, is a rapidly developing allergic reaction that can cause a dangerous drop in blood pressure and severe swelling of the throat that may close off the airway. Allergies are just one example of how the immune system—the system normally responsible for preventing disease—can actually cause or mediate disease symptoms. In this chapter, we will further explore allergies and other disorders of the immune system, including hypersensitivity reactions, autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection, and diseases associated with immunodeficiency. -
How Allergies Work Allergies Work
Howstuffworks "How Allergies Work" 8/20/02 8:46 AM Free Newsletter! • Suggestions!Click Here!• Win! • About HSW • Contact Us • Home Daily Stuff • Top 40 • What's New • HSW Store • Forums • Advertise! • Affiliate Search HowStuffWorks & the Web Click here to go back to the normal view! How Allergies Work by Steve Beach A properly functioning immune system is a well-trained and disciplined biological warfare unit for the Photo courtesy National Institute body. The immune of Allergy and Infectious Disease system is really quite (NIAID) amazing. It is able to An immune cell identify and destroy undergoing an allergic many foreign invaders. reaction The immune system can also identify cells that are infected internally with viruses, as well as many cells that are on their way to becoming tumors. It does all of this work so the body remains healthy. As amazing as the immune system is, it sometimes makes mistakes. Allergies are the result of a hypersensitive immune system. The allergic immune system misidentifies an otherwise innocuous substance as harmful, and then attacks the substance with a ferocity far greater than required. The problems this attack can cause range from mildly inconvenient and uncomfortable to the total failure of the organism the immune system is supposed to be protecting. In this edition of HowStuffWorks, we'll examine the most established school of thought on what makes up the condition referred to as an allergy. A defining premise of this school of thought is that allergic symptoms are always triggered by a http://www.howstuffworks.com/allergy.htm/printable Page 1 of 10 Howstuffworks "How Allergies Work" 8/20/02 8:46 AM protein. -
Profiling the Extended Cleavage Specificity of the House Dust Mite Protease Allergens Der P 1, Der P 3 and Der P 6 for the Predi
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Profiling the Extended Cleavage Specificity of the House Dust Mite Protease Allergens Der p 1, Der p 3 and Der p 6 for the Prediction of New Cell Surface Protein Substrates Alain Jacquet 1,† , Vincenzo Campisi 2,3,†, Martyna Szpakowska 2,†, Marie-Eve Dumez 2,3, Moreno Galleni 3 and Andy Chevigné 2,* 1 Faculty of Medicine, Division of Research Affairs, Chulalongkorn University, 10330 Bangkok, Thailand; [email protected] 2 Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), 29, rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; [email protected] (V.C.); [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (M.-E.D.) 3 Laboratoire des Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre for Protein Engineering (CIP), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; [email protected] * Correspondance: [email protected]; Tel.: +352-26-970-336; Fax: +352-26-970-390 † These authors contributed equally to this work. Received: 15 May 2017; Accepted: 21 June 2017; Published: 27 June 2017 Abstract: House dust mite (HDM) protease allergens, through cleavages of critical surface proteins, drastically influence the initiation of the Th2 type immune responses. However, few human protein substrates for HDM proteases have been identified so far, mainly by applying time-consuming target-specific individual studies. Therefore, the identification of substrate repertoires for HDM proteases would represent an unprecedented key step toward a better understanding of the mechanism of HDM allergic response. In this study, phage display screenings using totally or partially randomized nonameric peptide substrate libraries were performed to characterize the extended 0 substrate specificities (P5–P4 ) of the HDM proteases Der p 1, Der p 3 and Der p 6.