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A Revision of the Spider Genus Taurongia (Araneae, Stiphidioidea) from South-Eastern Australia

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A Revision of the Spider Genus Taurongia (Araneae, Stiphidioidea) from South-Eastern Australia 2005. The Journal of Arachnology 33:490±500 A REVISION OF THE SPIDER GENUS TAURONGIA (ARANEAE, STIPHIDIOIDEA) FROM SOUTH-EASTERN AUSTRALIA Michael R. Gray: Australian Museum, 6 College Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT. The spider genus Taurongia Hogg 1901 and the species T. punctata (Hogg 1900) are redescribed. Taurongia punctata is shown to be a rather variable species with a widespread distribution across the eastern central Victorian highlands. Taurongia punctata is a robust spider, contrasting with a more gracile new species, T. ambigua, described from the western Victorian highlands. The placement of the latter in Taurongia is provisional and may change once other undescribed `Taurongia group' genera from eastern Australia have been examined. The Taurongia species dealt with here differ from the latter taxa in having an increased number of cylindrical spigots and a large palpal median apophysis. Keywords: Taxonomy, cribellate, new species Hogg (1900) described two `dictynid' spi- were taken through 80±100% alcohol stages, ders from central Victoria under the name Hy- 100% acetone and then air dried. lobius. This name (preoccupied in Coleoptera) Abbreviations and de®nitions.Ð``Tegular was subsequently replaced by Taurongia window'' refers to the gap between the prox- (Hogg 1901). Lehtinen (1967) characterized imal embolus and the basal part of the con- the genus, ®guring T. punctata (Hogg 1900), ductor. BL 5 body length; CL 5 carapace and placed it in his Desidae, Desinae. Forster length; CW 5 carapace width; CapW 5 caput (1970) noted that the available data were in- width; LL 5 labium length; LW 5 labium suf®cient for accurate placement of Taurongia width; SL 5 sternum length; SW 5 sternum in his concept of the Desidae. Taurongia has width; EGW 5 eye group width; AME 5 an- long been confused with related `Taurongia terior median eyes; ALE 5 anterior lateral group' taxa that are widely distributed in east- eyes; PME 5 posterior median eyes; PLE 5 ern Australian forests from Tasmania to posterior lateral eyes; MOQ 5 median ocular Queensland. These taxa comprise several un- quadrangle; RTA 5 retrolateral tibial apoph- 5 described genera that are morphologically di- ysis; RVTA retroventral tibial apophysis; 5 5 verse but united by characteristics of the gen- MA median apophysis; ALS anterior lat- 5 italia, notably the palpal tegular structure and eral spinneret; PMS posterior median spin- 5 the placement of the median apophysis (re- neret; PLS posterior lateral spinneret; MAP 5 5 duced to a slender, spine-like process in most major ampullate spigot; mAP minor am- 5 taxa, except Taurongia). Here, the genus Tau- pullate spigot; Cyl cylindrical spigots; Pc 5 paracribellar spigots; mPLS 5 modi®ed rongia is reviewed as a step toward charac- 5 terizing this group of spiders and clarifying PLS spigot; n nubbin. The material exam- their relationships. ined in this study is lodged in the following repositories: AM 5 Australian Museum, Syd- 5 METHODS ney; NHM Natural History Museum, Lon- don; NMV 5 Museum of Victoria, Mel- Specimen examinations, measurements and bourne; WAM 5 Western Australian drawings were made using a Wild M5 or Lei- Museum, Perth. ca M12 microscope with graticule and draw- TAXONOMY ing attachment. Epigynal preparations were cleared in lactic acid, before mounting in Superfamily Amaurobioidea Thorell 1870 glycerol for microscopic examination. The left Taurongia Hogg 1901 side male palp is illustrated. Specimen prep- Hylobius Hogg 1900: 82 (preoccupied by Hylobius arations for scanning electron microscopy Germar 1817). 490 GRAYÐGENUS TAURONGIA IN AUSTRALIA 491 Figures 1±9.ÐTaurongia species: 1±4, 8. T. punctata (Hogg); 5±7, 9. T. ambigua new species. 1, 5. Carapace; 2, 6. Sternum and mouthparts; 3, 4, 7. Abdomen, 3, 7. dorsal; 4. ventral; 8, 9. Eyes, anterodorsal. Scale bars: 1 mm (Figs. 1±4, 5±7); 0.5 mm (Figs. 8, 9). Taurongia Hogg 1901: 278 (replacement name); the male T. punctata specimen provided the Lehtinen 1967: 267, 326; Platnick 2004. better character set. Subsequent collecting by Hylobihoggia Strand 1935: 304 (super¯uous re- the author has not revealed a second species placement name); Lehtinen 1967: 267; Platnick 2004. of Taurongia in the Macedon District. Diagnosis.ÐCribellate spiders with a ro- Type species.ÐHylobius divergens Hogg bust or gracile body form. Carapace dark 1900 by original designation, currently a ju- brown without obvious patterning. Male palp: nior synonym of Hylobius punctatus Hogg cymbium digitiform, spinous; median apoph- 1900. ysis large, spatulate; RTA large, ventrad. Epi- Comment on synonomy of type spe- gynum divided by a median septum, or sep- cies.ÐHogg (1900) described two species in tum indistinct. PMS with 4±6 cylindrical his genus Hylobius and designated H. diver- spigots. gens as the type. In 1901 he replaced the pre- Redescription.ÐMedium-large robust or occupied generic name with Taurongia. Hogg's material came from the Macedon Dis- gracile cribellate spiders. Carapace, jaws and trict in Victoria. It comprised the female ho- legs dark reddish brown, anterior caput and lotype of Taurongia divergens and the male jaws darkest; lateral carapace with dark radial and female syntypes of T. punctata, although streaks from fovea; legs not banded. Dorsal Lehtinen (1967) noted that the female syntype and lateral abdomen dark brownish-grey, with was a juvenile specimen. Lehtinen (1967) more or less distinct pallid chevrons dorsally, placed T. divergens, the type species, in syn- the 3 anterior pairs with small sigillae; venter onymy with T. punctata, presumably because grey, bounded laterally by pallid, dotted lines, 492 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY Figure 10.ÐDistribution of Taurongia punctata (closed squares) and T. ambigua (open circle). with two lines of paired spots medially (Figs. tions, narrowing to a weakly concave apex. 1±4, 7). Sternum cordate, longer than wide, shortly to Body and leg hairs plumose, feathery hairs strongly pointed between coxae 4 (Figs. 2, 6). absent. Carapace with prominent caput; pro- Legs 1423, with inclined and vertical hairs. ®le moderately arched, highest in mid-caput Trochanters slightly to strongly notched. Ret- region; foveal slit moderately long and deep, rocoxal hymen absent. Three tarsal claws, su- curving down onto concave rear slope of car- perior 9±11 teeth, inferior 2±3 teeth; claw apace (Figs. 1, 5). Clypeus wide, ca. 3 3 tufts and scopulae absent but ventral tarsi and width of an AME, anterior margin strongly metatarsi 1±4 strongly hirsute in T. punctata, convex. Chilum an undivided, median plate. much less hirsute in T. ambigua. Female pal- Eyes eight, AME or PME smallest (Figs. 8, pal tarsi spinose; palpal claw with 11±12 9). Eye group moderately narrow, EGW ca. teeth. Trichobothria increasing in length dis- 0.50±0.60 3 width of caput; eyes in two rows, tally, in single row on tarsi (6±7) and meta- from above AER recurved, PER procurved- tarsi (5±6); two rows on tibia; present on male straight; MOQ longer than wide, slightly nar- and female palpal tarsus and tibia. Bothria rower anteriorly. PME, PLE and ALE with ca- collariform, proximal plate with weak to well noe-shaped tapeta. Cheliceral paturon robust, de®ned longitudinal ridges (Figs. 31, 35). Tar- proximally kneed, with large boss; fangs sal organ placed distal to trichobothria, cap- strong, short; fang groove short (Fig. 2, T. sulate with an ovoid, more or less key-hole punctata); paturon and fangs more gracile and shaped pore (Figs. 32, 36). Calamistrum: ca. longer in T. ambigua (Fig. 6). Two adjacent 0.4 3 length of metatarsus, subcentrally to retromarginal teeth (sometimes set in paler proximally placed, with a dorsally contiguous area of cuticle); and 3 adjacent promarginal ®eld of recumbent setae; delimited at each end teeth, last tooth extended as a strong carina; by a retrodorsal spine. retromargin with one long modi®ed seta near Male palp (Figs. 11, 12, 37, 38): Cymbium base of fang, several modi®ed setae above with a digitiform apex with several bristles promargin. Maxillae broad, longer than wide, and spines. Bulb subcircular to ovoid. Tegu- lateral margins convex with a strong antero- lum with a narrow prolateral-basal sclerotised lateral linear serrula. Labium longer than region within which the sperm duct runs in an wide, widest anterior to baso-lateral excava- ovoid loop, and from which the conductor GRAYÐGENUS TAURONGIA IN AUSTRALIA 493 Figures 11±17.ÐTaurongia punctata. 11Ð15. Male palp. 11, 12. Palp, ventral, retrolateral; 13. Bulb, ventral (Mt Donna Buang); 14. Median apophysis (Mt Buller); 15. Tibia, retrolateral (Woodend). 16, 17. Epigynum, ventral, dorsal. Scale bar: 0.25 mm arises anteriorly; and a large retrolateral-basal marginal embolic groove, narrowing retro- membranous region from which the MA aris- distally as a re¯ected or elongate tip (Figs. 11, es basally. MA usually large, membranous 37). Tibia about as long as wide, with two and hyaline, often `spatula-shaped'; less com- distal apophyses, the RVTA and a ventrad monly reduced in size (Fig. 14). Embolus spi- placed RTA. Patella about as long as wide niform, curving in a semicircle from its pro- with a dorsal bristle. lateral tegular origin around the conductor Epigynum: Fossa divided by a distinct me- margin. Small tegular window present at em- dian septum expanding posteriorly into a pos- bolus/conductor base. Conductor weakly T- terior lobe (Fig. 16), or fossa open and septum shaped, with a short, membranous stalk sup- indistinct (Fig. 39). Lateral teeth absent. Cop- porting a semicircular±falciform head with a ulatory ducts narrow, very short or simply 494 THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY coiled, opening postero-laterally (Figs. 17, KS45402); 1 /, same data as KS45402 (AM 41). Paired spermathecae ovoid, well separat- KS45404); 1 /, Mt Disappointment area, ed, placed lateral to copulatory duct openings 378269S 1458089E, 26 August 1973, M.
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