International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7 (4.36) (2018) 1481-1485

International Journal of Engineering & Technology

Website: www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJET

Research paper

Measuring the Design of Online Meeting Application Using Golden Ratio and Silver Ratio

Gede Riska Wiradarma 1, Teguh Bharata Adji 2, Silmi Fauziati 3

123 Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta, Indonesia * E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Several studies have attempted to create online meeting application, but the existing online meeting applications have not yet paid atten- tion to User Interface and User Experience (UI and UX). To improve the UI and UX of online meeting applications, the existing design methods are implemented. The used methods are Golden Ratio and Silver Ratio. Those methods were tested empirically related to the effect of design methods on online meeting applications. The testing was done by collecting data in the field using User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ). The testing results of the UEQ showed that the attractiveness, perspicuity, efficiency, dependability, stimulation, and novelty of the Golden Ratio Method appear to be better than the Silver Ratio Method. To ensure the correctness, the test was contin- ued with testing the significance of UEQ data by using T-Test.

Keywords: User Experience (UX), User Interface (UI), Golden Ratio, Silver Ratio

explained that the Golden Ratio is used as a medical tool to help 1. Introduction doctors for displaying data visualization [5]. While the Silver Ra- tio Method is used as an International Standard, one of which is The development of mobile-based application is rapidly increasing standard paper size series [6]. By paying attention to these two in 2017 according to the world market analysis website stonetem- design methods, hence this study aims to test Golden Ratio and ple.com [1]. The increasing use of mobile application cannot be Silver Ratio on online meeting application from the UI and UX apart from smartphone as a driver of the mobile application. side. Smartphone is owned by almost everyone in the world. According to data from idntimes.com, the population in Indonesia with 261 million people in 2018, using smartphones as much as 236 million 2. Theoretical units. This number is expected to continue growing, given the absence of age restrictions or regulation for number of ownership 2.1. Golden Ratio and usage of smartphone in Indonesia [2]. In Indonesia, meeting activity is one of familiar activities in this Golden Ratio is a mathematical rule for the sequence of Fibonacci era and becomes an activity that often carried out by many people. numbers. This rule of mathematics is in the form of a comparison Some people apply conventional method to invite meeting partici- of values between small value and large value. The larger value is pants both through social media and group chat, hence they are not denoted with the letter a and the smaller value is denoted with the well organized. Therefore, several studies have attempted to create letter b [7]. The comparison of these two values is the golden val- online meeting application. An online meeting application was ue of the Golden Ratio, which is symbolized by Greek letter phi φ. developed by Sitorus et al. in 2017 but has not paid attention yet Algebraically, comparison of a and b values can be seen in Figure to UI and UX [3]. 1. By paying attention to UI and UX, user interest in online meeting application will increase. User interest can be seen from various sides, such as easy to use and convenient to operate. This will improve service and competitiveness in the market, which in the end will add sales value of the application [4]. Design methods are often found in structure modeling, one of which is the Golden Ratio method (which is used to build the Eif- fel tower in Paris) and the Silver Ratio method (which is used to build Pagoda in Japan). The Golden Ratio method and Silver Ra- Fig. 1: Golden Rectangle tio method are mathematical rules that have a significant impact on an architectural design. Along with the development of times Figure 1 is a square with a long side a+b and a short side a. When and technology, the Golden Ratio began to be implemented to placed coincide with a square with a side length a, then the square solve new issues, like research of Kausar et al. in 2017 which

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1482 International Journal of Engineering & Technology will be referred to as golden square if its sides follow a mathemat- ical formula as follows (1):

(1)

Once solved, the mathematical equation above produces (2): (6)

2.2. User Experience Questionnaire

User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) is a data retrieval technique in the field by using a questionnaire that is fast and reliable and (2) useful for measuring user experience in using interactive products. Putu et al. measured the effect of website complexity, task com- To see a comparison of the golden value, the equation can be de- plexity, and design complexity of web-based learning media by scribed as follows (3): using UEQ [9]. Therefore, Yulianandra et al.’s research used UEQ to evaluate interfaces of English learning by using UEQ to com- pare 3 (three) types of design at once and display the quality of each design individually [10].

3. Experimental Design

3.1. Application Design

(3) The designing of application design focuses on space and layout. Space and layout are places to put each element of the online 2.2. Golden Ratio meeting application. The elements are separated by the ratio of the Golden Ratio or Silver Ratio, as shown in Figure 3. It appears that Silver Ratio is a mathematical rule for the sequence of Pell num- the elements in Figure 3a have an upper side ratio of 1 : 1.6180. bers. This rule of mathematics is in the form of a comparison of While Figure 3b shows that the elements have an upper side ratio values between small values and large values. The larger value is of 1 : 2.4142. denoted with the letter a and the smaller value is denoted with the letter b. The value of Silver Ratio is denoted by δS [8]. Silver Ra- tio can be depicted with silver rectangle, which is shown in Figure 2.

Fig. 2: Silver Rectangle

Figure 2 is a square with a long side 2a+b and a short side a. When it is placed coincide with a square with a side length a, then Fig. 3: Element Position the square will be referred as silver square if its sides follow the mathematical formula as follows (4): Designed application is in the form of a prototype with Golden

Ratio and Silver Ratio methods. The design refers to the function and purpose of the online meeting application. The designing of prototype was developed with a screen resolution of 1125x2436. This resolution is the resolution of smartphone that used during (4) the testing. Once solved, the mathematical equation above produces (5): 3.4.1. Golden Ratio

UI/UX design modeling using Golden Ratio method is shown in Figure 4. (5) To see the comparison of the silver value, the equation can be described as follows (7): International Journal of Engineering & Technology 1483

Fig. 4: Golden Ratio Design

Figure 4 is a display from Meeting Page of the online meeting Fig. 5: Silver Ratio Design application. Function of this page is that users can add new meet- ings, confirm meeting requests and arrange meeting schedule in Figure 5 is a display from Meeting Page of the online meeting one menu page. application. Function of this page is that users can add new meet- ings, confirm meeting requests and arrange meeting schedule in 3.4.1. Silver Ratio one menu page.

UI/UX design modeling using Silver Ratio method is shown in 3.2. Data Collection Figure 5. UEQ used in this study consists of 27 question items and takes 5-8 minutes to fill all items. UEQ was prepared as many as 60 pieces with portion of 30 for filling the Golden Ratio method and 30 for 1484 International Journal of Engineering & Technology the Silver Ratio. The format of the UEQ questionnaire sheet is To find out more clearly the significant level of Golden Ratio and shown in Figure 6 [11]. Silver Ratio methods, a comparison was made using T-Test with a confidence scale of 5. The results of the comparison are shown in Table III for the Golden Ratio and Table 4 for the Silver Ratio.

Table 3: comparison of the Golden Ratio means scale Data Set 2 Scale Mean STD Confidence N Confidence Interval Attractiveness 1.51 0.89 30 0.32 1.19 1.83 Perspicuity 1.49 1.04 30 0.37 1.12 1.86 Efficiency 1.51 0.95 30 0.34 1.17 1.85 Dependability 1.34 0.97 30 0.35 0.99 1.69 Stimulation 1.57 0.86 30 0.31 1.26 1.88 Novelty 1.24 0.99 30 0.35 0.89 1.60

Table 4: comparison of the Silver Ratio means scale Data Set 2 Scale Mean STD Confidence N Confidence Interval Attractiveness 1.37 1.03 30 0.37 1.01 1.74 Perspicuity 1.39 0.90 30 0.32 1.07 1.71 Efficiency 1.26 0.96 30 0.34 0.91 1.60 Dependability 1.14 0.88 30 0.32 0.83 1.46 Stimulation 1.32 0.98 30 0.35 0.97 1.67 Novelty 1.03 1.04 30 0.37 0.66 1.41

Table III and Table IV can be represented in the graph as shown in Figure 7.

Fig. 6: UEQ Sheet Format

3.3. Testing

Users who are the target of the testing work in event and restau- rant environments with 15 (fifteen) people for each environments and 30 (thirty) people in total. These users often hold meetings every month and every year, what makes them the right target testing. The testing spent 2 (two) days on holidays and was done with 3 (three) stages. The first stage was introduction, the second stage was testing prototype, and the third stage was filling in the UEQ form data. During the testing phase, was found only few of the users recognized Golden Ratio method and Silver Ratio meth- od was just recognized during the testing. Fig. 7: Chart of the Means Scale From Figure 7 can be seen that the Golden Ratio method looks 4. Results and Discussion better than the Silver Ratio method. To ensure the correctness, a significance test was carried out by using T-Test measurement The results of data collection in the field can be seen in Table I for with Alpha Level value of 0.05. The results of the T-Test signifi- the Golden Ratio and Table II for the Silver Ratio. cance measurement are shown in Table V.

Table 5: T-Test Compare Table 1: UEQ Scale Golden Ratio Attractiveness 0.5779 No Significant Difference Scale Mean Perspicuity 0.6914 No Significant Difference Attractiveness 1.511 Efficiency 0.3147 No Significant Difference Perspicuity 1.492 Dependability 0.4077 No Significant Difference Efficiency 1.508 Stimulation 0.2995 No Significant Difference Dependability 1.342 Novelty 0.4309 No Significant Difference Stimulation 1.567 Novelty 1.242 From Table V can be seen that attractiveness, perspicuity, effi- ciency, dependability, stimulation, and novelty show no signifi- Table 2: UEQ Scale Silver Ratio Scale Mean cant difference. The difference in the results of the T-Test gives Attractiveness 1.372 information that the Golden Ratio and Silver Ratio methods are Perspicuity 1.392 equally good to be applied on the Online Meeting Application. Efficiency 1.258 Dependability 1.142 5. Conclusion Stimulation 1.317 Novelty 1.033 The testing results of the Golden Ratio method and Silver Ratio method show that the attractiveness, perspicuity, efficiency, de- International Journal of Engineering & Technology 1485 pendability, stimulation, and novelty of the Golden Ratio method appear to be better than the Silver Ratio method. But after the significance test using T-Test was done, it can be concluded that the two methods are equally good. The user experience that could be got from Golden Ratio method and Silver Ratio method is the user could understand the whole menus and submenus. That comprehension was got from the ra- tio's consistency that applied on every menu's element, with the result that in designing the design is not just with perception but with consistent ratio. The use of ratio whether Golden Ratio method or Silver Ratio method are really recommended in designing user interface. The Silver Ratio method is just a comparison with Golden Ratio meth- od, that with ratio's consistency on each element will achieve the better user experience.

Future Work

Considering the absence of significant differences from the Gold- en Ratio method and the Silver Ratio method, it is hoped that fur- ther research will not only considering the space and layout, but also takes color into account.

References

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