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Delhi Sultanate – Download Social Studies Notes Free PDF For REET /UTET Exam. Social Studies is an important section for REET, MPTET , State TET, and other teaching exams as well. Social studies is the main subject in the REET, exam Paper II. In REET, UTET Exam, the Social Studies section comprises a total 60 questions of 60 marks, in which 40 questions come from the content section i.e. History, Geography and Political Science and the rest 20 questions from Social Studies Pedagogy section. At least 10-15 questions are asked from the History section in the REET, UTET Social studies section. Here we are providing important notes related to the Delhi Sultanate. Delhi Sultanate. The period from 1206 to 1526 in India history is known as Sultanate period. Slave Dynasty. In 1206 Qutubuddin Aibak made India free of Ghazni’s control. Rulers who ruled over India and conquered new territories during the period 1206-1290 AD. are known as belonging to Slave dynasty. Qutubuddin Aibak. He came from the region of Turkistan and he was a slave of Mohammad Ghori. He ruled as a Sultan from 1206 to 1210. While playing Polo, he fell from the horse and died in 1210. Aram Shah. After Aibak’s death, his son Aram Shah was enthroned at Lahore. In the conflict between Iltutmish and Aram Shah, Iltutmish was victorious. Iltutmish. He was slave of Aibak. He belonged to the Ilbari Turk clan of Turkistan. In 1211 Iltutmish occupied the throne of Delhi after killing Aram Shah and successfully ruled upto 1236. Construction of Qutub Minar. He completed the unfinished construction of Qutub Minar, which was started by Qutubuddin Aibak. He built the Dhai Din ka Jhopra at Ajmer. Razia Sultan. She was the first lady Sultan who ruled for three years, six months and six days. From 1236 to 1240. She appointed Jamaluddin Yakut as highest officer of cavalry. In 1240, the feudal lord (Subedar) of Bhatinda, Ikhtiyaruddin nobles he imprisoned Razia and killed Yakut. To counter her enemies Razia married Altunia and once again attempted to regain power. On 13 th October, 1240, near Kaithal when Razia and Altunia were resting under a tree, some dacoits killed them. Balban. Set on the throne of Delhi in 1266 and he adopted the name of Ghiyasuddin Balban. For the defence from Mongols Balban reorganized the Military department – known as Diwan – i – Ariz. Khalji Dynasty. After the Slave dynasty, the Khalji became the rulers of India. Jalaluddin Feroz Khalji. He was the founder of this dynasty. He became ruler in 1290. . Alauddin extended the boundaries of his empire and reorganized his administration. He adopted the title of Yasni – ul – Khalifat – Nasiri – Amir al Mu’minin and crushed the uprisings in his dominion. Conquest of Chittor. In January 1303 Alauddin invaded Chittor and after 7 months, he captured it. Rani Padmini and others committed . Tughlaq Dynasty. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq. His name was Ghazi Malik or Ghazi Beg Tuglaq. After defeating Khusrau khan he ascended the throne of Delhi in 1320. He became the founder of the new dynasty known as Tughlaq dynasty. He ruled upto 1325. Tughlaq Shah. He sat on the throne with the title of Ghyasuddin II in 1388. But he ruled for only 5 months. Abu Bakr was made the king of Delhi. Sayyid Dynasty. Khizr Khan whom Taimur appointed his Governor was the first ruler of Sayyid dynasty. in 141 Khizr Khan captured Delhi. He ruled upto 1421. His son Mubarak Khan ascended the throne of Delhi in 1421 after his father’s death and adopted the title of Mubarak Shah. He ruled for 13 years from 1421 to 1434. His time was spent in struggling against the foreign enemies and internal conspirators. Delhi Sultans – Study Material. The context behind the rise of the Delhi Sultanate in India was part of a wider trend affecting much of the Asian continent, including the whole of southern and western Asia: the influx of nomadic Turkic peoples from the Central Asian steppes. This can be traced back to the 9th century, when the Islamic Caliphate began fragmenting in the Middle East, where Muslim rulers in rival states began enslaving non-Muslim nomadic Turks from the Central Asian steppes, and raising many of them to become loyal military slaves called Mamluks. Soon, Turks were migrating to Muslim lands and becoming Islamicized. Many of the Turkic Mamluk slaves eventually rose up to become rulers, and conquered large parts of the Muslim world, establishing Mamluk Sultanates from Egypt to Afghanistan, before turning their attention to the Indian subcontinent. Sultans of Delhi Sultanate : Sultans (Kings/Rulers) King in Death Note Qutb-ud-din Aibak 1206 1210 First Sultan Iltutmish 1210 1236 Rukn-ud-din Firuz 1236 1236 Razia Sultan 1236 1240 Women Ruler Nasir ud din Mahmud 1240 1266 Ghiyas ud din Balban 1266 1287 Muiz ud din Qaiqabad 1287 1290 Jalaluddin Khalji 1290 1296 Alauddin Khalji 1296 1316 Shihabuddin Omar 1316 1316 Qutb-ud-din Mubarak 1316 1320 Khusrau Khan 1320 1321. Tughlaq : The Tughlaq dynasty lasted from 1320 to nearly the end of the 14th century. The first ruler Ghazi Malik rechristened himself as Ghiyath al-Din Tughlaq and is also referred to in scholarly works as Tughlak Shah. He was of Turko-Indian origins; his father was a Turkic slave and his mother was a Hindu. Ghiyath al-Din ruled for five years and built a town near Delhi named Tughlaqabad. According to some historians such as Vincent Smith, he was killed by his son Juna Khan, who then assumed power in 1325. Juna Khan rechristened himself as Muhammad bin Tughlaq and ruled for 26 years. During his rule, Delhi Sultanate reached its peak in terms of geographical reach, covering most of the Indian subcontinent. Sayyid : The Sayyid dynasty was a Turkic dynasty that ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 1415 to 1451. The Timurid invasion and plunder had left the Delhi Sultanate in shambles, and little is known about the rule by the Sayyid dynasty. Annemarie Schimmel notes the first ruler of the dynasty as Khizr Khan, who assumed power by claiming to represent . His authority was questioned even by those near Delhi. His successor was Mubarak Khan, who rechristened himself as Mubarak Shah and tried to regain lost territories in Punjab, unsuccessfully. With the power of the Sayyid dynasty faltering, Islam’s history on the Indian subcontinent underwent a profound change, according to Schimmel. The previously dominant Sunni sect of Islam became diluted, alternate Muslim sects such as Shia rose, and new competing centres of Islamic culture took roots beyond Delhi. The Sayyid dynasty was displaced by the Lodi dynasty in 1451. Lodi : The Lodi dynasty belonged to the Pashtun (Afghan) Lodi tribe.Bahlul Khan Lodi started the Lodi dynasty and was the first Pashtun, to rule the Delhi Sultanate.Bahlul Lodi began his reign by attacking the Muslim Jaunpur Sultanate to expand the influence of the Delhi Sultanate, and was partially successful through a treaty. Thereafter, the region from Delhi to Varanasi (then at the border of Bengal province), was back under influence of Delhi Sultanate. After Bahlul Lodi died, his son Nizam Khan assumed power, rechristened himself as Sikandar Lodi and ruled from 1489 to 1517. One of the better known rulers of the dynasty, Sikandar Lodi expelled his brother Barbak Shah from Jaunpur, installed his son Jalal Khan as the ruler, then proceeded east to make claims on Bihar. The Muslim governors of Bihar agreed to pay tribute and taxes, but operated independent of the Delhi Sultanate. Sikandar Lodi led a campaign of destruction of temples, particularly around Mathura. Economy : Before and during the Delhi Sultanate, Islamic civilization was the most cosmopolitan civilization of the Middle Ages. It had a multicultural and pluralistic society, and wide-ranging international networks, including social and economic networks, spanning large parts of Afro-Eurasia, leading to escalating circulation of goods, peoples, technologies and ideas. While initially disruptive due to the passing of power from native Indian elites to Turkic Muslim elites, the Delhi Sultanate was responsible for integrating the Indian subcontinent into a growing world system, drawing India into a wider international network, which led to cultural and social enrichment in the Indian subcontinent. Demographics : The Indian population had largely been stagnant at 75 million during the Middle Kingdoms era from 1 AD to 1000 AD. During the Medieval Delhi Sultanate era from 1000 to 1500, India experienced lasting population growth for the first time in a thousand years, with its population increasing nearly 50% to 110 million by 1500 AD. Culture : While the Indian subcontinent has had invaders from Central Asia since ancient times, what made the Muslim invasions different is that unlike the preceding invaders who assimilated into the prevalent social system, the successful Muslim conquerors retained their Islamic identity and created new legal and administrative systems that challenged and usually in many cases superseded the existing systems of social conduct and ethics, even influencing the non-Muslim rivals and common masses to a large extent, though the non-Muslim population was left to their own laws and customs. They also introduced new cultural codes that in some ways were very different from the existing cultural codes. This led to the rise of a new Indian culture which was mixed in nature, different from ancient Indian culture. The overwhelming majority of Muslims in India were Indian natives converted to Islam. This factor also played an important role in the synthesis of cultures. Rulers of Delhi Sultanate for SSC & Bank Exams – GK Notes as PDF. The Delhi Sultanate refers to five Muslim kingdoms or dynasties that ruled over the territory of Delhi between the years 1206 to 1526 CE. In the 16th Century, the last rulers of the Delhi Sultanate were defeated by Mughals, who then laid the foundation of the in India. Before the Mughal Empire came into existence, the Delhi Sultanate was considered to be the most powerful State in the Northern India. Many government exams include the topic of history in their questions, thus knowing facts about history is important for you to crack these exams. Read this article to know in detail about the Rulers of Delhi Sultanate. The five dynasties of the Delhi Sultanate include: The Mamluk Dynasty (1206-1290) The Khilji Dynasty (1290 -1320) The Tughlaq Dynasty (1320-1414) The Sayyid Dynasty (1414-1451) The Afghan Lodi Dynasty (1451-1526) Let’s find out more about these great dynasties and the Rulers of Delhi Sultanate. The Mamluk Dynasty (1206-1290) Here is a list of the Mamluk Rulers of the Delhi Sultanate in this era. Qutb-ud-din Aibak was the first ruler of the Mamluk Dynasty (also called the slave dynasty). He was a generous ruler and ruled over the Sultanate of Delhi for over four years. Qutb-ud-din Aibak laid the foundation of Qutub Minar. Another important ruler of the Mamluk Dynasty was Shams- ud-din Iltutmish . He was the son-in-law of Qutb-ud-din Aibak . Shams-ud-din Iltumish was known for the Iqta system of land revenue and the completion of Qutub Minar. After Shams-us-din Iltumish, his military trained daughter Raziya Sultan (Raziyat-ud-din Sultana) took over the Sultanate of Delhi. Balban succeded Raziya Sultan, followed by his grandson Qaiqabad (Kaikubad). Jalal-ud-din Firuz Khilji aka Malik Firuz killed Qaiqabad and put an end to the Mamluk Dynasty or Slave Dynasty. The Khilji Dynasty (1290-1320) Here is the list of Khilji rulers who ruled over Delhi Sultanate in this era. Jalal-ud-din Firuz Khilji was also known as the general of slaves and a very smart sultan. He avoided wars with invaders such as Halaku and . In fact, he made peace with Ulugh Khan by giving his daughter. Jalal-ud-din Firuz Khilji was assassinated by his nephew Ala-ud-din Khilji. He was the first Muslim ruler to be brave enough to cross the Satpuras, Vindhyas and Narmada River to conquer Deccan. Ala-ud-din Khilji passed away in the year 1316 and was succeeded by his son Mubarak Shah. Mubarak Shah was killed by Khusru Khan who sat on the throne of Delhi Sultanate for some time. Later, he was killed by Ghiyath-al-din Tughluq, which marked the era of the Tughlaq Dynasty. The Tughlaq Dynasty (1320–1414) Here is the list of Tughlaq rulers who ruled over Delhi Sultanate in this era. The first ruler of the Tughlaq Dynasty was Ghiyath-al-Din Tughlaq , who was also known by the name Ghazi Malik. He was succeeded by Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq who was known for his misadventures related to administration and war. Muhammad-bin-Tughlaq was succeeded by Firuz Shah Tughlaq who was half Muslim (his mother was a Hindu). He was known to establish cities. Under his reign, cities like Firuzshah Kotla (Delhi), Hisar, Jaunpur (West Bengal), Fatahabad, Firozabad were founded. After the demise of Firuz Shah Tughlaq, his successors were killed one by one and the Delhi Sultanate lost its charm and importance. The Sayyid Dynasty (1414–1451) Here is the list of Sayyid Rulers of Delhi Sultanate in this era. After the Tughlaq Dynasty, Khizr Khan founded the Sayyid Dynasty. He was the governor of Multan and Timur’s deputy in India . Khizr Khan died of illness and was succeeded by his son Mubarak Shah. Mubarak Shah had a vision of expanding the empire, but his plans were foiled by opposition and revolts of the nobles. Even with this opposition, Mubarak Shah was an efficient ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. After Mubarak Shah, the Delhi Sultanate was ruled by two incompetent rulers – Muhammad Shah and Ala-ud-din Alam Shah thereafter. Ala-ud-din Alam Shah was the last ruler of the Sayyid Dynasty. He gave up the throne voluntarily in favour of Bahlol Lodi. The Afghan Lodi Dynasty (1451–1526) Here is the list of Afghan Lodi Rulers of Delhi Sultanate in this era. The rulers of the Afghan Lodi Dynasty were the last rulers of the Delhi Sultanate. They tried their best to bring Delhi to the past glory, but could not succeed. Bahlol Lodi was the first ruler of the Afghan Lodi Dynasty and was succeeded by his son Sikandar Lodi. Sikandar Lodi was known for his leadership and thirst for supremacy. He launched campaigns against several kingdoms. In the year 1503, he established the city of Agra. He also transferred his headquarter to Agra due to its strategic location. Sikandar Lodi was succeeded by his son Ibrahim Lodi, who was the last of the Sultans of the Delhi Sultanate. One of Ibrahim Lodi’s uncles, Daulat Khan Lodi, fled to Kabul and invited to attack India. Taking Daulat Khan Lodi’s advice, Babur attacked Northern India and thus the Afghan Lodi Dynasty came to an end. Looking more such GK articles? International Organisations & their Headquarters. Biosphere Reserves & National Parks in India. Laws Protecting Women&Children in India. Practice is the key to success. Boost your preparation for various Government exams by attempting FREE tests on Testbook Practice. Discuss your doubts and queries and share more facts with your fellow aspirant on Testbook Discuss.

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