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United Nations System Support for Disaster Prevention and Preparedness

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United Nations System Support for Disaster Prevention and Preparedness THE UNITED NATIONS IN CUBA COOPERATION IN THE WAKE OF HURRICANE SANDY PHOTOS ESTHER ICETA JUAN CARLOS GONZÁLEZ JULIO ALVITE JULIO LARRAMENDI LUIS IBÁÑEZ MARIO MUÑOZ MAYRILIAN ACOSTA RANDY RODRÍGUEZ PAGES SEGUNDO LÓPEZ YURSIS MIRANDA TEXT MARIO MUÑOZ EDITION CLARE COLE DALIA ACOSTA HERIBERTO ROSABAL LIUDMILA CURBELO MARIO MUÑOZ TRADUCTION ÁNGEL RAMÓN MILÁN DOBSON CLARE COLE OFFICE OF THE RESIDENT COORDINATOR CALLE 18 NO. 110 E/ 1RA Y 3RA, MIRAMAR, LA HABANA, CUBA GRAPHIC DESIGN TEL.: (537) 2041513 / FAX: (537) 2041516 GEORDANYS G. O’CONNOR www.onu.org.cu CONTENTS FOREWORD 9 INTRODUCTION 11 THE UNITED NATIONS IN ACTION 15 THE UN'S RESPONSE TO SANDY 19 WATER AND SANITATION 31 FOOD SECURITY 35 SHELTER AND RECOVERY 41 HEALTH 49 EDUCATION 55 UNITED NATIONS SYSTEM SUPPORT 61 FOR DISASTER PREVENTION AND PREPAREDNESS FOREWORD It is with great pleasure that, on behalf of the United Nations On this occasion, the agencies involved in the response effort were System (UNS) agencies in Cuba, I share this summary of the work the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF); the United Nations undertaken to support the recovery process in the areas affected by Population Fund (UNFPA); the United Nations Food and Agriculture Hurricane Sandy in late October 2012. Assistance was provided Organization (FAO); the Pan-American Health Organization/ either directly or indirectly to over 3 million people living in the World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO); the United Nations provinces of Santiago de Cuba, Holguín and Guantánamo that Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); were struck hard by the hurricane. the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian This is an account of what we have been able to do —and will Affairs (OCHA); the World Food Programme (WFP); the United continue to do— and includes the opinions of some of the key Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the United Nations stakeholders involved. This will provide us with a record that will Programme for Human Settlements (UN-HABITAT). help guide and inform future actions. Alongside us, with a combined financial contribution of US$ It is similar to a high jumper aiming to clear a bar that has 15.1 million, were Canada, the Republic of Colombia, the Republic been raised by one centimetre. Knowing what has been done in of Chile, the Kingdom of Spain, the Russian Federation, the the past and being aware of how to improve in the future is of Italian Republic, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, the Kingdom utmost importance in disaster risk reduction management. of Norway, the Republic of Korea, the Kingdom of Sweden, Sandy is not an isolated case in a country and region that are the Swiss Confederation, the European Union, the Central affected by tropical storms and hurricanes. Consequently, it is Emergency Response Fund (CERF); as well as representatives imperative to share our experiences, best practices and lessons from decentralised cooperation, non-governmental organisations learnt. (NGOs) and UN agencies, all of which mobilised their own funds. None of what we have achieved would have been possible The work done with the Red Cross and various international NGOs Bárbara without the ongoing and close communication established before, after and during the response stage was also significant. Pesce-Monteiro between us and the Cuban Government; particularly, with the Let us hope that events such as Sandy will not recur; but if they RESIDENT COORDINATOR, UNITED NATIONS Ministry of Foreign Trade and Investment (MINCEX) and the do, Cuba and its people can rely on assistance from the United SYSTEM IN CUBA Civil Defence. Nations System. UNA MIRADA A LA COOPERACIÓN TRAS EL PASO DEL HURACÁN SANDY 9 10 The United Nations in Cuba INTRODUCTION Although the name makes you think of a small, mischievous infrastructure was also severely affected, including and playful child, Hurricane Sandy swept through the agriculture, mainly in Santiago de Cuba and Holguín. eastern region of Cuba, becoming one of the country’s worst Sandy is not an isolated case as tropical storms and nightmares in recent years. It made landfall near the Mar hurricanes together with heavy rains and extended periods Verde community, west of the city of Santiago de Cuba, on the of drought frequently affect the country. During the opening night of 24th October 2012, with maximum sustained wind session of the International Workshop on Risk in Cities speeds of up to 185 km per hour and gusts of 265 km per hour. (October 2013), Division General Ramón Pardo Guerra, Civil During the early hours of 25th October, Sandy wreaked havoc Defence Chief of Staff, noted that, “Nine major hurricanes across most of Santiago de Cuba and Holguín provinces, have hit the country in the last twelve years, two of which were as well as the western part of Guantánamo province. The category five on the Saffir-Simpson scale. All nine hurricanes hurricane-strength winds created waves that were six to eight intensified rapidly, moving from category one to the highest metres high on the south coast and inland sea penetrations of category that they reached in a short period of time”. 10 to 15 metres, reaching 50 metres in some places. There was The Cuban Government has strengthened its prevention, heavy rainfall in the mountainous areas which are located on preparedness, response and recovery mechanisms between the periphery of the country’s central region. the months of June and November, when such extreme At the opening session of the International Workshop hydro-meteorological events are most likely to occur. These on Risk in Cities (October 2013), Division General Ramón actions have helped minimise the loss of human life during Pardo Guerra, Civil Defence Chief of Staff stated that Sandy hurricanes. The United Nations System in Cuba is familiar caused the death of eleven people of whom nine were in with the risk posed to the country and the Caribbean region Santiago de Cuba and two in Guantánamo (an unusual event by extreme weather events. It has been working alongside in the Cuban context). In addition, 255,000 houses were the Cuban Government for several decades in order to severely damaged (31,353 completely destroyed), as were strengthen national and local capacity in integrated risk 721 healthcare facilities and 1,693 schools. Socio-economic reduction management. COOPERATION IN THE WAKE OF HURRICANE SANDY 11 12 The United Nations in Cuba COOPERATION IN THE WAKE OF HURRICANE SANDY 13 14 The United Nations in Cuba THE UNITED NATIONS IN ACTION The United Nations System has been working alongside transportation equipment and provided professional Cuba for over 60 years, participating in the efforts to reduce training. The three Japanese weather radars that were the risk faced by the country, as well as that of the Caribbean installed during this project are still operational in La region. Bajada (Pinar del Río); Punta del Este (Isla de la Juventud); The World Food Programme (WFP) made one of the first and Gran Piedra (Santiago de Cuba). contributions in 1963 when it provided assistance to the In 2005, with support and funding from UNDP and people most affected by Hurricane Flora. Since then, over other UNS agencies, the National Civil Defence started to 75% of the projects implemented by this agency constitute establish Risk Reduction Management Centres (RRMC) actions that have been designed in response to heavy rains, in Cuba. The municipal authorities in the highest risk hurricanes, floods and droughts. areas are responsible for the RRMCs and the Early Another example is the United Nations Development Warning Points (EWP). These centres are provided with Programme (UNDP) which, between 1972 and 1976, the resources that are essential to ensuring the effective implemented a US$ 3 million programme in Cuba financed planning and implementation of Civil Defence measures by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The designed to protect people, economic assets and the programme set up 40 synoptic weather stations, 3 principal environment. and 12 secondary agrometeorological stations, modernised During Hurricane Sandy, “The Risk Reduction laboratories (barometers and thermometers), procured Management Centres and its Early Warning Points helped COOPERATION IN THE WAKE OF HURRICANE SANDY 15 Weather radar at Punta del Este, the Defence Councils organise the response through Isla de la Juventud the deployment of generators, providing updates to the media and putting in place measures to protection the population,” said Division General Ramón Pardo Guerra, Civil Defence Chief of Staff, at the International Workshop on Risk in Cities. Cuba currently has 89 RRMCs and 330 EWPs which are spread across the country. The United Nations Children´s Fund (UNICEF) and the World Food Programme (WFP) have also contributed to the establishment of the centres, as have the Spanish Agency for International Development (AECID), OXFAM and the Red Cross. Ángeles Arena, an Advisor on Recovery from UNDP’s Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery (BCPR), said that “all the experience gained over the last 50 years has created an exemplary system, and there are few other countries in which it works better than in Cuba. I think that Cuba has possibly the best early warning and evacuation system in the world, particularly with regard to hurricanes”. A number of other agencies have also worked with the country on risk management and disaster response, each according to its specificities. These include the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO); the Pan-American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO); the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) and the United Nations Programme for Human Settlements (UN-HABITAT). 16 The United Nations in Cuba Risk Reduction Management Centre (RRMC) in Tercer Frente municipality, Santiago de Cuba. COOPERATION IN THE WAKE OF HURRICANE SANDY 17 THE UN'S RESPONSE TO SANDY As soon as it was known that the hurricane would affect countries and international cooperation organisations Cuba, the United Nations System in Cuba started working throughout the process.
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