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Leading Seaman James Magennis Vc

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Leading Seaman James Magennis Vc LEADING SEAMAN JAMES MAGENNIS VC t was on Monday, 30 July 1945, just a week They had placed their charges before the atomic bomb was dropped on on the enemy warship and were IHiroshima, that the four-man crew from the Royal Navy’s midget submarine XE.3 about to make their escape was given its fi nal orders. They were one when they found that one of their element of a two-pronged attack upon Japanese warships. Their part in the limpet carriers had not released. mission, Operation Struggle, was to sink Though he was exhausted and the Japanese cruiser Takao, a 10,000-ton warship that was moored in the Johore his suit was leaking after laying Straits, off Singapore, whilst the target of his charges, one of the divers XE.1 was another heavy cruiser, Myõkõ.1 Both vessels had not been to sea for some volunteered to leave the midget time, but still presented a very real threat submarine again. In the fi rst of to Allied shipping. This task would be fraught with danger as a new regular series examining they would have to negotiate treacherous seas, his “Hero of the Month”, Lord and then slip out again unnoticed before their explosives detonated. The four men who formed the Ashcroft reveals the remarkable crew of XE.3 were Lieutenant Ian “Tich” Fraser, who actions of Acting Leading was in command of the submarine, Sub-Lieutenant William James Lanyon Smith RNZVR, Engine Room Seaman James Magennis VC. Artifi cer Third Class Charles Alfred Reed, and Acting Leading Seaman James Magennis, the diver who would be tasked with attaching limpet mines to the hull of the enemy ship. XE.3 was towed to the area by the conventional submarine HMS Stygian, before slipping its tow at 23.00 hours on 30 July 1945, the change-over from passage to operational crews having been completed fi ve hours Jon Enoch/eyevine ABOVE: The view looking down through the hatch into the Wet and Dry Compartment of the midget submarine XE.3 – as used by Acting Leading Seaman James Magennis during Operation Struggle. (Royal Navy Submarine Museum) RIGHT: The diving suit worn by Leading Seaman James Magennis during his attack on the cruiser Takao on 31 July 1945. The suit is on display in the Extraordinary Heroes exhibition in the Lord Ashcroft Gallery at the Imperial War Museum in London. Lord Ashcroft’s “Hero of the Month” MAGENNIS.indd 45 13/02/2013 07:28 Lord Ashcroft’s “Hero of the Month” LEADING SEAMAN JAMES MAGENNIS VC hatch because ABOVE LEFT: The target for the crew of XE.3 his hands had – the Imperial Japanese Navy’s heavy cruiser Takao. Takao was launched on 12 May 1930, been shredded the lead ship in her class, all of which have from tackling the been referred to as some of the most heavily barnacles. armed cruisers ever built. Magennis ABOVE RIGHT: A close up of part of the later said of superstructure of IJN Takao. The cruiser was this part of the captured by British forces when the naval operation: “My base in Singapore was reoccupied following the Japanese surrender. It was towed to the fi rst impression was how murky the water hardly any room, and the tide had gone ABOVE LEFT: A group photograph of XE- we were forced to dive,” recalled Fraser. Strait of Malacca and sunk on 19 October was. The bottom of the target resembled out a foot or so and the ship had just sunk craft crewmen, including members of the “Continuing under water we found, when 1946, having been used as a target by HMS something like an underwater jungle and down and we just couldn’t move.”5 passage and operational crews of XE.3 during Newfoundland. (US Navy Historical Center) the attack on Singapore. Amongst those daylight came, that we had been sitting in I had to clear a patch of undergrowth and For more than an hour, the crew known to be in the picture are Able Seaman a Japanese controlled minefi eld for more BELOW LEFT: A map of the Johore Strait barnacles off six places in order to make struggled with XE.3’s controls to break Ernest Dee (passage crew), Stoker “Spike” than an hour! showing the attack on IJN Takao by XE.3. sure the magnetic limpets would stick free. Under Fraser’s instructions, the craft Hughes (passage crew), Engine Room Artifi cer “At 10.30am we passed the ‘gate’ – on. Getting them on was quite like my went full astern and full ahead, pumped Charles Reed (operational crew), Engine Room an old vessel on which I could see Japs BELOW RIGHT: Two naval Victoria Cross old training days when I had stuck many into tanks and blew out of them and Artifi cer Albert Nairn (passage crew) and holders: Leading Seaman James Magennis VC Leading Seaman James Magennis. The latter running about, although they did not dummies [dummy bombs] under our own “used every means that the collective 3 (left) standing beside Lieutenant Ian “Tich” is sat in the front of the group. (Royal Navy suspect our presence.” Fraser VC, DSC, RNR. Fraser, who after the ship. It took me about three quarters of ingenuity of four experienced X-craft crew Submarine Museum) After thirteen-and-a-half hours, during war became a Justice of the Peace, remained an hour altogether before I got back to could call to mind”, but to no avail. It which their journey had gone without a in the Royal Naval Reserve until December XE.3.” ABOVE RIGHT: A portrait of Leading 1965, when he retired as a lieutenant looked as if the midget submarine and its Seaman James Joseph Magennis. Magennis hitch, XE.3’s target was fi nally sighted at Fraser himself, “as slow as you possibly commander. He died in Wallasey on 1 Fraser now had to release two side crew would be blown to pieces by their was drafted into the submarine service in 12.30 hours on 31 July. The Takao, it was can go. There’s a porthole in the top September 2008, aged eighty-seven. charges from his craft, each containing own explosives. There were only six hours December 1942, volunteering for “special and noted, was heavily camoufl aged and lying of the submarine which you can look two tons of Amatol, a high explosive. before the charges went off. hazardous duties” the following March. BOTTOM: A rare shot of XE.3 underway in shallow waters very close inshore with through and its bright daylight and then on the surface. An improved version of the The port charge slipped away cleanly but Then, suddenly, the midget submarine BELOW LEFT: XE-craft crew members its bows pointing away from Singapore you suddenly see it getting darker. And earlier X-craft, the XE-craft carried a crew the starboard one stuck to the midget shot backwards, out of control, surged pictured aboard HMS Bonaventure, prior to Island. In you suddenly of four, typically a Lieutenant in command, a submarine. Furthermore, on a falling tide towards the surface and caused a large Operation Struggle, at Honolulu in April 1945. turn, each see the plates of Sub-Lieutenant as deputy, an Engine Room XE.3 had become wedged beneath Takao splash just fi fty yards from the cruiser. One of the men pictured is Engine Room Artifi cer in charge of the mechanical side and Artifi cer Third Class Charles Alfred Reed, member of the hull with the a Seaman or Leading Seaman. At least one and would not budge. Fortunately, none of the Japanese crew who can be seen in the back row fourth from the crew weeds hanging of them was qualifi ed as a diver. (Royal Navy “We were in a very narrow hole under observed what had happened and XE.3 the right (to his left is Engine Room Artifi cer took the down and the Submarine Museum) this thing,” added Fraser. “There was dived back under the surface. Alarmingly, “Ginger” Coles). (Courtesy of Vernon “Ginger” Coles) opportunity rivet holes, the to examine rivets, all that 2 their quarry sort of thing. J O H earlier. Ahead was a perilous forty-mile O R journey through wrecks, minefi elds, through the You then stop E (( listening posts and surface patrols. periscope. the submarine, M A “TAKAO”“TAKAO” L A J O At 13.52 give it a little bit YA H Conditions in the midget submarine CausewayCauseway )) O were cramped, stuffy and uncomfortable hours, Fraser astern, and stop R 4 E although Fraser, at just fi ve-feet-four began his dead.” Dockyard approach JOHOREJOHORE STRAITSTRAIT inches tall (hence his nickname), could * PULAUPULAU and at 15.03 PULAUPULAU UBINUBIN TEKONGTEKONG stand up inside without stooping. Twenty- BESARBESAR “We were approaching the boom on hours – on fi ve-year-old the surface in the darkness when we came his second attempt – he slid XE.3 under Magennis, who hailed from a working ApproximateApproximate InwardInward andand OutwardOutward TracksTracks ofof XE.3XE.3 on a Japanese ship escorted by a small Takao. class West Belfast family, had been a SINGAPORE ISLAND vessel that passed so close to us that “You go under very slowly,” recalled career sailor who had volunteered three years earlier for “special and hazardous duties”. Affectionately known as “Mick” SINGAPORE to his comrades, he now faced the CITY most daring operation of his career. T R A II T Magennis set out to exit the “wet and E S O R dry compartment” which could either A P G ScaleScale inin NauticalNautical milesmiles be fl ooded or pumped to let a diver II N out or back into the midget submarine.
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