Copy of Copy of Schrödinger at 75—The Future of Biology

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Copy of Copy of Schrödinger at 75—The Future of Biology

Schrödinger at 75 THE FUTURE OF BIOLOGY Marking the 75th anniversary of Erwin Schrödinger's 1943 "What is Life?" lectures at Trinity College Dublin 5th — 6th September 2018 NATIONAL CONCERT HALL DUBLIN, IRELAND Tickets — €100 Register — tcd.ie/biosciences/whatislife 1943 "The Future of Life" — Keynote by 2018 Daniel DENNETT, Tufts University, USA Danielle BASSETT Saul KATO Michael ROSBASH University of Pennsylvania, USA University of California, Brandeis University, USA — 2017 Nobel "The Future of Complex Systems" San Francisco, USA Prize in Physiology or Medicine "The Future of Computational Biology" "The Future of Fruit Fly and Circadian Biology" Linda BUCK Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Christof KOCH Center, USA — 2004 Nobel Prize in Allen Institute for Brain Science, USA Murray SHANAHAN Physiology or Medicine "The Future of Consciousness" Google DeepMind & Imperial College "The Future of Perception" London, UK Nick LANE "The Future of Artificial Intelligence" Philip CAMPBELL University College London, UK Springer Nature, UK "The Future of Bioenergetics" Beth SHAPIRO "The Future of Scientific Publishing" University of California, Santa Cruz, USA Ottoline LEYSER "The Future of Extinction" Karl DEISSEROTH University of Cambridge, UK Stanford University, USA "The Future of Plant Life" Susumu TONEGAWA "The Future of Brain Editing" Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lydia LYNCH USA — 1987 Nobel Prize in Physiology Trinity College Dublin, Ireland or Medicine Bernard FERINGA "The Future of Immunology" University of Groningen, Netherlands "The Future of Learning and Memory " — 2016 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "The Future of Chemistry" John O'KEEFE University College London, UK — 2014 Kay TYE Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA Michael GAZZANIGA "The Future of Systems Neuroscience" "The Future of Emotion" University of California, Santa Barbara, USA "The Future of Cognitive Neuroscience" Svante PÄÄBO Ada YONATH Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel Kathryn HOLT Anthropology, Germany — 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry "The Future of Ancient DNA" University of Melbourne, Australia "The Future of Structural Biology" "The Future of Infectious Diseases" Linda PARTRIDGE Max Planck Institute for the Biology of Feng ZHANG Leroy HOOD Ageing, Germany & Institute of Healthy Massachusetts Institute of Technology & Institute for Systems Biology, USA Ageing, University College London, UK Broad Institute, USA "The Future of Healthcare" "The Future of Ageing" "The Future of Gene Editing" ORGANISERS Luke O'Neill, Trinity College Dublin Tomás Ryan, Trinity College Dublin Mike Murphy, University of Cambridge Dave Fahy, Black Square Events Cliona O’Farrelly, Trinity College Dublin Zhanna O'Clery, Trinity College Dublin.

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Koch AAAS Updated
Consciousness and Intelligence Dr. Christof Koch Allen Institute for Brain Science Seattle, USA Cartesian Certainty As a radical skeptic, the only certainty Rene Descartes had Je pense, donc je suis translated later on as Cogito, ergo sum. or, in modern language, I am conscious, therefore I am Rene Descartes (1637) Intelligence and Consciousness • Intelligence - the ability to understand new ideas, to adapt to new environments, to learn from experience, to think abstractly, to plan and to reason • It can be decomposed into crystalline and fluid intelligence and can be measured (IQ, g-factor) • Consciousness - the ability to experience something, to see, hear, feel angry, or explicitly recall an event • Many animals besides humans experience the sights and sounds of the world Lilac Chaser What do we know about Consciousness? • Consciousness is associated with some complex, adaptive, biological networks (not immune system nor enteric nervous system) • Consciousness does not require behavior • Consciousness can be dissociated from emotion, selective attention, long-term memory and language • Self-consciousness is one of many aspects of consciousness, highly developed in adult neuro-typical humans, less so in infants, certain patients and non-human animals Many Zombie Behaviors Many - if not most - behaviors occur in the absence of conscious sensations, or consciousness occurs after the fact: • Over-trained routines - shaving, dressing, tennis, video games, keyboard typing, driving, rock-climbing, dancing • Reaching and grabbing, posture adjustments • Generating and understanding speech • Eye-movement control • High-level decision making (e.g. choice blindness, dissociations) Neuronal Correlates of Consciousness (NCC) Search for the minimal neuronal mechanisms jointly sufficient for any one conscious perception, the NCC.
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© 2017 Luis H. Favela, Ph.D. 1 University of Central Florida PHI
1 University of Central Florida PHI 3320: Philosophy of Mind Fall 2017, Syllabus, v. 08222017 Course Information ¨ Title: Philosophy of Mind ¨ Course number: PHI 3320 ¨ Credit hours: 3.0 ¨ Term: Fall semester 2017 ¨ Mode: Web Instructor Information ¨ Name: Luis Favela, Ph.D. (Please refer to me as “Dr. Favela” or “Professor Favela.”) ¨ Email: [email protected] ¨ Website: http://philosophy.cah.ucf.edu/staff.php?id=1017 ¨ Office location: PSY 0245 ¨ Office hours: Tuesday and Thursday 1:30 – 3:00 pm Course Description ¨ Catalogue description: Recent and contemporary attempts to understand the relation of mind to body, the relation of consciousness to personhood, and the relation of psychology to neurobiology. ¨ Detailed description: This course introduces some of the main arguments, concepts, and theories in the philosophy of mind. Some of the questions addressed in the philosophy of mind include: “What are minds made of,” “How does the mind relate to the brain,” and “what is consciousness?” Answers to these questions have consequences for a wide range of other disciplines, including computer science, ethics, neuroscience, and theology. The first part of the course covers the main philosophical views concerning mind, such as dualism, behaviorism, identity theory, functionalism, and eliminativism. The second part of the course focuses on consciousness, and questions such as: “Does ‘consciousness’ exist,” “Is consciousness physical,” and “Can there be a science of consciousness?” Student Learning Outcomes ¨ Students will be able to describe the main philosophical views concerning the mind. § Students will be able to reconstruct the arguments underlying the main philosophical views concerning the mind. § Students will be able to articulate their positions concerning whether or not they agree with the conclusions of the arguments behind the main philosophical views concerning the mind.
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Is the Integrated Information Theory of Consciousness Compatible with Russellian Panpsychism?
Is the Integrated Information Theory of Consciousness Compatible with Russellian Panpsychism? Hedda Hassel Mørch Erkenntnis (2018) Penultimate draft – please refer to published version for citation. Abstract: The Integrated Information Theory (IIT) is a leading scientific theory of consciousness, which implies a kind of panpsychism. In this paper, I consider whether IIT is compatible with a particular kind of panpsychism known as Russellian panpsychism, which purports to avoid the main problems of both physicalism and dualism. I will first show that if IIT were compatible with Russellian panpsychism, it would contribute to solving Russellian panpsychism’s combination problem, which threatens to show that the view does not avoid the main problems of physicalism and dualism after all. I then show that the theories are not compatible as they currently stand, in view of what I call the coarse-graining problem. After I explain the coarse-graining problem, I will offer two possible solutions, each involving a small modification of IIT. Given either of these modifications, IIT and Russellian panpsychism may be fully compatible after all, and jointly enable significant progress on the mind–body problem. 1 Introduction Panpsychism is the view that every physical thing is associated with consciousness. More precisely, it is the view that every physical thing is either (1) conscious as a whole, (2) made of parts which are all conscious, or (3) itself forms part of a greater conscious whole. Humans and animals (or certain areas of human and animal brains) are conscious in the first sense—our consciousness is unified, or has a single, subjective point of view.
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Robot Rights Conscious Machines: Defining Questions
Conscious robots may merit legal protections. Developing machine capacities such as artificial intelligence (AI) and robots for human-robot interaction is of extreme technological value, but it raises moral and ethical questions. For example, one of the major sectors in robotics is the develop- ment of sexual robots (1). Although some researchers consider this phenomenon a gateway to the future acceptance of human- robot interactions, others see a danger for human society as robots modify the social LETTERS representation of human behaviors (2, 3). The robotics field must wrestle with these questions: Is it ethical to create and con- tinue to use robots with consciousness in Edited by Jennifer Sills global projection of winning representa- the way we use robots that were originally tions and have metacognitive capacity, designed for our needs? Do robots deserve Downloaded from such as confidence estimates. If these types to be protected? This debate could challenge Conscious machines: of processes were strongly indicative of the limits of human morality and polarize consciousness, we would have to admit society’s views on whether conscious robots Defining questions that some machines are already conscious. are objects or living entities (4–6). In their Review “What is consciousness, We agree with Dehaene et al. that to As we approach an era when conscious and could machines have it?” (27 October address the question of machine conscious- robots become part of daily life, it is http://science.sciencemag.org/ 2017, p. 486), S. Dehaene et al. argue that ness, we must start with a theory of human important to start thinking about the cur- the science of consciousness indicates that consciousness.
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The Francis Crick Memorial Conference Consciousness in Human and Non‐Human Animals Wolfson Hall, Churchill College Cambridge, United Kingdom "It is essenƟal to understand our Crick Memorial Conference: num Sponsor of the Francis Ɵ brains in some detail if we are to assess correctly our place in this Proud Pla Proud vast and compli- cated universe we see all around us." - Francis Crick All Bordering Photos Courtesy Google Images The Francis Crick Memorial Conference Francis Crick (1916‐2004) Thank you to all of our sponsors for your support in making the Francis Crick Memorial Conference a success and for helping us to fuel this unprecedented discussion on data‐driven perspectives on the neural correlates of consciousness. Sponsored by: The Francis Crick Memorial Conference The Francis Crick Memorial Conference Schedule of Events Schedule of Events 7:45 Check‐in / Complimentary 13:00 Complimentary Lunch Breakfast 14:00 Diana Reiss, Ph.D. Mirror Self‐recognition: A Case of 8:30 Christof Koch, Ph.D. Studying the Murine Mind Hunter College and Cognitive Convergence in Humans Allen Institute for Brain Science, City University of New York and other Animals Caltech 14:30 Franz X. Vollenweider, MD Neuronal Correlates of Psychedelic 9:00 Invited Lecture: Consciousness: A Pharmacological University of Zü rich School of Drug‐Induced Imagery in Humans Baltazar Gomez‐Mancilla, Perspective Medicine, Heffter Research Centre MD Ph.D. Novartis Institute of 15:00 Naotsugu Tsuchiya, Ph.D. Visual Consciousness Tracked with Biomedical Research RIKEN, ATR, Japan, Caltech, Direct Intracranial Recording from 9:30 Ryan Remedios, Ph.D.* The Claustrum and the Orchestra of Monash University Early Visual Cortices in Humans CalTech Cognitive Control Nikos K.
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Neuroscience Thinks Big Bring Them Together in a Unified View
PERSPECTIVES VIEWPOINT new computing technologies. Neuroscience is like the infant brain — it is flooded with data and theories but lacks the ability to Neuroscience thinks big bring them together in a unified view. We pin our hopes on more and more data with- (and collaboratively) out realizing that experiments can only give us a small fraction of what we need. The Eric R. Kandel, Henry Markram, Paul M. Matthews, Rafael Yuste and attempt to reconstruct the human brain as a computer model can provide a new focus Christof Koch for neuroscience and for clinical and tech- Abstract | Despite cash-strapped times for research, several ambitious collaborative nological research. It will help us to ‘clean neuroscience projects have attracted large amounts of funding and media up’ conflicting reports and teach us how to apply knowledge from animal studies to attention. In Europe, the Human Brain Project aims to develop a large-scale understanding the human brain. Ultimately, computer simulation of the brain, whereas in the United States, the Brain Activity it will allow us to discover the fundamental Map is working towards establishing a functional connectome of the entire brain, principles governing brain structure and and the Allen Institute for Brain Science has embarked upon a 10‑year project to function and to predictively reconstruct understand the mouse visual cortex (the MindScope project). US President Barack the brain from fragments of experimental data. Without this kind of understanding, Obama’s announcement of the BRAIN Initiative (Brain Research through Advancing we will continue to struggle to develop new Innovative Neurotechnologies Initiative) in April 2013 highlights the political treatments and brain-inspired computing commitment to neuroscience and is expected to further foster interdisciplinary technologies.
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Exploring the Mind What Our Brain Reveals About Our Thoughts
11th Berlin Colloquium of the Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz Foundation in cooperation with the Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin and the Charité University Medicine Berlin on May 9th 2007 at the Academy of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, Berlin Exploring the Mind What Our Brain Reveals about Our Thoughts Scientific Coordinators: Professor John-Dylan Haynes and Professor Gabriel Curio Statements of the Speakers Gisbert zu Putlitz Reading thoughts – Accessing our innermost lives 2 Cornelius Borck Making brains write: Electrical strategies in the 4 history of mind-reading Gabriel Curio Non-invasive brain-computer interfaces – 5 On thoughts that move Miguel A. L. Nicolelis Computing with neural ensembles 7 Rainer Goebel Real-time mind-reading and BOLD 8 brain interactions John-Dylan Haynes Decoding conscious and unconscious thoughts 10 from fMRI signals Daniel D. Langleben The study of deception: Functional MRI and lie 12 detection applications Adrian Owen Detecting residual cognitive function 14 in the vegetative state Henrik Walter From brain to bedside? Implications of brain 16 reading for psychiatry Thomas Metzinger Philosophical implications of brain-reading: 18 Ethical and anthropological consequences Christof Koch Decoding the contents of perception from single 20 neurons in the human brain Editing: Kristina Vaillant and Marlene Schoofs, Berlin 11th Berlin Colloquium “Exploring the Mind” 2 Professor Gisbert zu Putlitz President of the Board, Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz Foundation, Ladenburg Reading thoughts – Accessing our innermost lives Dr. Gisbert zu Putlitz is a physicist at the University of Heidelberg, specializing in elementary particle physics, nuclear physics and quantum fluids. When the Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz Foundation was founded in 1986, he was appointed Executive Director of the Board.
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2000 Annual Report
2000 2000 BANBURY CENTER DIRECTOR'S REPORT In 2000, there were 25 meetings at Banbury Center, exceeding by two the 1999 record. Laboratory staff used Banbury Center for 11 meetings, and a notable addition to the Banbury schedule was the first of the Topics in Biology courses of the Watson School of Biological Sciences. There were the usual five Summer Courses, and we made the Center available to community groups on seven occasions. More than 700 visitors came to Banbury in 2000, and the geographical distribution of the partici pants was much the same as in previous years; 80% of participants came from the United States, and although New York, Califomia, and Massachusetts accounted for 44% of the participants, 39 U.S. states were represented. There were 95 participants from Europe, the majority coming from the United Kingdom. Eugenics on the Web This, a joint project between the DNA Learning Center and Banbury Center, completed its first stage in January, 2000. Our Advisory Board came to Banbury to review and approve the final version of the site before we went to the National Human Genome Research Institute for authority to release it to the public. The Advisory Board was, as always, constructively critical and made valuable suggestions. They approved the site, and we presented them with a certificate thanking them for their help. We have obtained a second round of funding to expand the site further, by increasing the number of images and by extending it to include European eugenics. Neuroscience A significant feature of the 2000 program was the large number of neuroscience meetings.
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The Problem of Consciousness
the problem of consciousness IT IS NOW BEING EXPLORED THROUGH THE VISUAL SYSTEM— REQUIRING A CLOSE COLLABORATION AMONG PSYCHOLOGISTS, NEUROSCIENTISTS AND THEORISTS BY FRANCIS CRICK AND CHRISTOF KOCH 10 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN COPYRIGHT 2002 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC. he overwhelming question in neurobiology today is We selected the mammalian visual system because humans are the relation between the mind and the brain. Everyone very visual animals and because so much experimental and the- agrees that what we know as mind is closely related to oretical work has already been done on it. certain aspects of the behavior of the brain, not to the It is not easy to grasp exactly what we need to explain, and heart, as Aristotle thought. Its most mysterious aspect it will take many careful experiments before visual conscious- Tis consciousness or awareness, which can take many forms, ness can be described scientifically. We did not attempt to de- from the experience of pain to self-consciousness. In the past fine consciousness itself because of the dangers of premature the mind (or soul) was often regarded, as it was by Descartes, definition. (If this seems like a copout, try defining the word as something immaterial, separate from the brain but interact- “gene”—you will not find it easy.) Yet the experimental evi- ing with it in some way. A few neuroscientists, such as the late dence that already exists provides enough of a glimpse of the Sir John Eccles, have asserted that the soul is distinct from the nature of visual consciousness to guide research. In this arti- body.
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Arxiv:2002.07655V1 [Q-Bio.NC]
THE MATHEMATICAL STRUCTURE OF INTEGRATED INFORMATION THEORY JOHANNES KLEINER AND SEAN TULL Abstract. Integrated Information Theory is one of the leading models of con- sciousness. It aims to describe both the quality and quantity of the conscious experience of a physical system, such as the brain, in a particular state. In this contribution, we propound the mathematical structure of the theory, sep- arating the essentials from auxiliary formal tools. We provide a definition of a generalized IIT which has IIT 3.0 of Tononi et. al., as well as the Quantum IIT introduced by Zanardi et. al. as special cases. This provides an axiomatic definition of the theory which may serve as the starting point for future formal investigations and as an introduction suitable for researchers with a formal background. 1. Introduction Integrated Information Theory (IIT), developed by Giulio Tononi and collabora- tors, has emerged as one of the leading scientific theories of consciousness [OAT14, MGRT16, TBMK16, MMA+18, KMBT16]. At the heart of the theory is an algo- rithm which, based on the level of integration of the internal functional relationships of a physical system in a given state, aims to determine both the quality and quan- tity (‘Φ value’) of its conscious experience. While promising in itself, the mathematical formulation of the theory is not sat- isfying to date. The presentation in terms of examples and concomitant explanation veils the essential mathematical structure of the theory and impedes philosophical and scientific analysis. In addition, the current definition of the theory can only be applied to quite simple classical physical systems [Bar14], which is problematic if the theory is taken to be a fundamental theory of consciousness, and should eventually be reconciled with our present theories of physics.
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PERSPECTIVES the brain, leads to testable predictions, and OPINION allows inferences and extrapolations about Integrated information theory: consciousness. From phenomenology to physics The axioms of IIT state that every experience from consciousness to its physical exists intrinsically and is structured, specific, unitary and definite. IIT then substrate postulates that, for each essential property of experience, there must be a corresponding Giulio Tononi, Melanie Boly, Marcello Massimini and Christof Koch causal property of the PSC. The postulates of IIT state that the PSC must have intrinsic Abstract | In this Opinion article, we discuss how integrated information theory cause–effect power; its parts must also have accounts for several aspects of the relationship between consciousness and the cause–effect power within the PSC and they brain. Integrated information theory starts from the essential properties of must specify a cause–effect structure that phenomenal experience, from which it derives the requirements for the physical is specific, unitary and definite. Below, we substrate of consciousness. It argues that the physical substrate of consciousness discuss the axioms and postulates of IIT (see Supplementary information S1,S2 (figure, must be a maximum of intrinsic cause–effect power and provides a means to box)) and describe the fundamental identity determine, in principle, the quality and quantity of experience. The theory leads — between an experience and a conceptual to some counterintuitive predictions and can be used to
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Curriculum Vitae
CURRICULUM VITAE Name: Constanze Hofstötter Date of birth: 12 April 1975 Nationality: German Contact address: Institute of Neuroinformatics Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zürich Switzerland Tel.: +41 1 635 30 65 Fax: +41 1 635 30 53 Email: [email protected] Web: www.ini.unizh.ch/~connie EDUCATION Oct. 2002 – present Ph.D. student at the Institute of Neuroinformatics, ETH and University of Zurich, Switzerland Supervisors: Daniel C. Kiper and Christof Koch Topic: Neural correlates of visual awareness Jun. 2001 – Sept. 2002 Ph.D. student at the Institute of Neuroinformatics, ETH and University of Zurich, Switzerland Supervisor: Paul F.M.J. Verschure Topic: Models of the neuronal substrate underlying classical conditioning Oct. 1997 – Feb. 2001 Diploma in Biology (with honors), University of Saarland, Germany Major: Technical Biology and Bionics Minor: Zoology, Computer Science Sept. 1996 – May 1997 Diploma of Arctic Studies (with honors), Artic Center, University of Lapland, Finland Oct. 1994 – Sept. 1996 Pre-diploma in Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany Aug. 1985 – Jun. 1994 High school, Anno-Gymnasium, Siegburg, Germany Jul. 1991 – Jul. 1992 Student Exchange, Woree High School, Cairns, Australia INTERNSHIPS AND PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE Spring 2003 Reviewer for Christof Koch’s book “The Quest for Consciousness” (Roberts & Company Publishers) Mar. 2002 – May 2002 Visiting researcher at the Koch laboratory, Californian Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA Topic: Studies on fear conditioning in human subjects Apr. 2000 – Sept. 2000 Internship at the Institute of Neuroinformatics, ETH and University of Zurich, Switzerland. Topic: Simulations and robotic studies on classical conditioning 1 Jul. 1998 – Jul. 1999 Research assistant for Werner Nachtigall, Zoological Institute, University of Saarland, Germany Topic: Aerodynamic measurements in wind tunnels Oct.
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