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Hydrogeologic Framework, Hydraulic Properties, and Chemical Characteristics of the Intermediate Aquifer System Underlying Southern West-Central Florida

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Hydrogeologic Framework, Hydraulic Properties, and Chemical Characteristics of the Intermediate Aquifer System Underlying Southern West-Central Florida Regional Evaluation of the Hydrogeologic Framework, Hydraulic Properties, and Chemical Characteristics of the Intermediate Aquifer System Underlying Southern West-Central Florida By Lari A. Knochenmus Prepared in cooperation with the Southwest Florida Water Management District Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5013 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior Dirk Kempthorne, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey P. Patrick Leahy, Acting Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2006 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS--the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Knochenmus, L.A., 2006, Regional Evaluation of the Hydrogeologic Framework, Hydraulic Properties, and Chemical Characteristics of the Intermediate Aquifer System Underlying Southern West-Central Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5013, 52 p. iii Contents Abstract .............................................................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 2 Purpose and Scope ................................................................................................................................. 3 Description of the Study Area ............................................................................................................... 3 Hydrologic Data Sources ................................................................................................................................ 3 Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................................. 4 Definitions and Terms ............................................................................................................................. 5 Geologic Framework ........................................................................................................................................ 6 Depositional History ................................................................................................................................ 6 Stratigraphy .............................................................................................................................................. 7 Hydrogeologic Framework ........................................................................................................................... 10 Evolution of Hydrogeologic Unit Nomenclature .............................................................................. 11 Properties of the Aquifers Overlying and Underlying the Intermediate Aquifer System ......................................................................................................................... 11 Intermediate Aquifer System ....................................................................................................................... 13 Permeable Units .................................................................................................................................... 15 Zone 1...........................................................................................................................................15 Zone 2...........................................................................................................................................15 Zone 3...........................................................................................................................................20 Confining Units ....................................................................................................................................... 22 Clay Beds.....................................................................................................................................22 Leakance Across Confining Units ...........................................................................................23 Hydraulic Head Differences ................................................................................................................ 26 Regional Evaluation of the Intermediate Aquifer System ....................................................................... 31 Summary .......................................................................................................................................................... 35 Selected References ..................................................................................................................................... 37 List of ROMP Reports ..................................................................................................................................... 38 Appendix 1A-B. (A) Major ion data and (B) Pie charts showing major ion composition of water samples from wells at selected Regional Observation and Monitoring-well Program (ROMP) sites, 2001......................................................................................................41-48 Appendix 2A-B. Water levels in and differences among zones and adjacent aquifers at selected Regional Observation and Monitoring-well Program (ROMP) sites, (A) April 2001 and (B) October 2001 ..........................................................................................49-52 iv Figures 1-2. Maps showing: 1. Location of the study area, selected Regional Observation and Monitor-well Program (ROMP) sites, and lines of sections in southern west-central Florida ....... 2 2. Physiography of the study area in southern west-central Florida .............................. 4 3. Graph showing representative Stiff diagram ............................................................................ 5 4. Chart showing series, past and present stratigraphic unit nomenclature, and hydrogeologic units ................................................................................................................. 6 5. Maps showing the early Miocene to Pliocene sediment patterns in Florida ...................... 7 6. Sections showing stratigraphy, aquifer, and open-hole intervals of wells at selected Regional Observation and Monitoring-well Program sites ................................................8-9 7. Chart showing hydrogeologic units in this study compared with those in previous reports ............................................................................................................................................ 12 8. Sections showing stratigraphy, aquifer, open-hole interval, clay beds, and potential flow direction at selected Regional Observation and Monitoring-well Program sites ...........................................................................................................................16-17 9-11. Maps showing Regional Observation and Monitor-well Program well locations, transmissivity values, and Stiff diagrams for: 9. Zone 1 .................................................................................................................................... 19 10. Zone 2 .................................................................................................................................... 20 11. Zone 3 .................................................................................................................................... 21 12-17. Maps showing: 12. Percentage of clay in the Hawthorn Group sediments................................................ 22 13. Leakance values, in foot per day per foot, shown on sections and maps at selected Regional Observation and Monitor-well Program sites .........................24-25 14. Recharge and discharge areas and magnitude of water-level differences between the surficial aquifer system and the Upper Floridan aquifer during the wet and dry seasons, 2001 ......................................................................................... 26 15. Water-level differences during the wet and dry seasons, 2001 ............................27-28 16. Flow potential category and representative water-level hydrographs .................... 29 17. Distribution of water types in Zones 1, 2, and 3............................................................. 31 18. Graph showing boxplots of transmissivity ............................................................................... 32 19. Maps showing permeability subregions and transmissivity ranges in Zones 1, 2, and 3.......................................................................................................................34-35 Tables 1. Regional Observation and Monitoring-well Program well identification, site characteristics, construction information, and zone specification .........................................13-14 2. Transmissivity values for the intermediate aquifer system ...........................................................
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