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STATE of FLORIDA DEPARTMENT of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION David Struhs, Secretary

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STATE of FLORIDA DEPARTMENT of ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION David Struhs, Secretary STATE OF FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION David Struhs, Secretary DIVISION OF RESOURCE ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT Edwin J. Conklin, Director FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Walter Schmidt, State Geologist and Chief Bulletin No. 65 LATE OLIGOCENE TO PLIOCENE EVOLUTION OF THE CENTRAL PORTION OF THE SOUTH FLORIDA PLATFORM: MIXING OF SILICICLASTIC AND CARBONATE SEDIMENTS By Thomas M. Missimer Published for the FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Tallahassee, Florida 2002 METRIC CONVERSION FACTORS To eliminate duplication of parenthetical conversion of units in the text of reports, the Florida Geological Survey has adopted the practice of inserting a tabular listing of conver- sion factors. For readers who prefer U.S. units to the metric units used in this report, the following conversion factors are provided. MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN meters (m) 3.281 feet kilometers (km) 0.6214 miles STATE OF FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION David Struhs, Secretary DIVISION OF RESOURCE ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT Edwin J. Conklin, Director FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Walter Schmidt, State Geologist and Chief Bulletin No. 65 LATE OLIGOCENE TO PLIOCENE EVOLUTION OF THE CENTRAL PORTION OF THE SOUTH FLORIDA PLATFORM: MIXING OF SILICICLASTIC AND CARBONATE SEDIMENTS By Thomas M. Missimer Published for the FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Tallahassee, Florida 2002 Printed for the Florida Geological Survey Tallahassee 2002 ISSN 0271-7832 ii PREFACE FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Tallahassee, Florida 2002 The Florida Geological Survey, Division of Resource Assessment and Management, Department of Environmental Protection, is publishing as its Bulletin 65, Late Oligocene to Pliocene Evolution of the Central Portion of the South Florida Platform: Mixing of Siliciclastic and Carbonate Sediments, by Thomas M. Missimer. This report summarizes the results of a multi-year investigation of the lithostratigraphy, paleoenvironments, and chronostratigraphy of the upper Paleogene and Neogene sediments underlying the central part of southern Florida. The data presented will be useful to scientists, planners, and cit- izens in understanding the stratigraphy and geologic history of the strata containing Florida’s groundwater aquifers. Walter Schmidt, Ph.D. State Geologist and Chief Florida Geological Survey iii iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract . .1 Acknowledgements . .2 Introduction . .3 Statement of Problems . .3 Methods of Investigation . .5 Introduction . .5 Lithologic and Stratigraphic Investigations . .6 Chronostratigraphy . .6 Paleontological Age Determinations . .9 Seismic and Sequence Stratigraphy . .9 Mixed Siliciclastic and Carbonate Sediments of the Hawthorn Group, South Florida Platform . .10 Introduction . .10 Methods . .11 Previous Investigations . .12 Geologic and Stratigraphic Setting . .15 Stratigraphy . .15 Formation Boundaries . .15 Suwannee - Arcadia . .15 Arcadia - Peace River . .16 Peace River - Tamiami . .16 Age of the Hawthorn Group and Bounding Formations . .16 Variations in Composition of Sediment . .16 Total Carbonate Variation: Results . .16 Variations in Carbonate Mineralogy . .19 Introduction . .19 Large Scale Variation in Dolomite Occurrence . .22 Variation in Carbonate Mineralogy in the Arcadia Formation . .22 Variation of Carbonate Mineralogy in the Peace River Formation . .22 Variation in Francolite (Phosphorite) Occurrence . .23 Non-Carbonate Sediment Composition Variation . .26 Introduction . .26 Variation in Quartz Sand Occurrence . .28 Variation in Clay Occurrence . .31 Variation in Glauconite Occurrence . .32 Composition Influence on Interpretation of Sediment Facies . .32 Introduction . .32 Siliciclastic Components . .32 Quartz . .32 Clay . .34 Other Non-Carbonate Components . .35 Carbonate Components . .35 Introduction . .35 Grainstone . .36 Packstone . .37 Wackestone . .37 v Mudstone . .38 Faunal Occurrence and Interpretation of Water Depth . .38 Introduction . .38 Faunal Characteristics and Water Depth . .38 Description of the Hawthorn Group Subfacies . .39 Introduction . .39 Subfacies Descriptions . .39 Introduction . .39 Subfacies 1 . .39 Subfacies 2 . .40 Subfacies 3 . .48 Subfacies 4 . .48 Subfacies 5 . .53 Subfacies 6 . .53 Subfacies 7 . .53 Subfacies 8 . .53 Subfacies 9 . .57 Subfacies 10 . .57 Subfacies 11 . .57 Subfacies 12 . .61 Subfacies 13 . .61 Subfacies 14 . .61 Interpretation of Subfacies . .61 Introduction . .61 Discontinuity Deposits, Subfacies 1 . .65 Restricted Facies, Subfacies 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 . .65 Beach Facies: Laminated Sands, Grainstones and.
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