DOCSLIB.ORG

Document Reference Number

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Document Reference Number Appendix B Hertfordshire County Council Review of Hertfordshire’s Local Flood Risk Management Strategy Issues & Options Consultation document June 2016 LFRMS Issues and Options Consultation Document June 2016 LFRMS Issues and Options Consultation Document Table of Contents Revision schedule ............................................................................................................ i Glossary & acronyms ...................................................................................................... iii 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background .................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Local Flood Risk Management Strategy ....................................................... 1 1.3 Review of 2013 Local Flood Risk Management Strategy ............................. 2 1.4 Legislation .................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Engagement & Consultation Process ........................................................... 4 2. Update on activities and the emerging evidence base since the first LFRMS......... 5 2.1 Understanding of Flood Risk in Hertfordshire ............................................... 5 2.1.1 Flood Incident Record...................................................................... 5 2.1.2 Flood Investigations ......................................................................... 5 2.1.3 Options and Feasibility Studies ....................................................... 6 2.1.4 Surface Water Management Plans (SWMP’s) ................................. 8 2.2 Ordinary Watercourse Regulation ................................................................ 9 2.2.1 Ordinary Watercourse Regulatory Activity ....................................... 9 2.2.2 Service Standards for Ordinary Watercourses .............................. 10 2.3 Register of Structures and Features........................................................... 12 2.4 Statutory consultee role on surface water and SuDS ................................. 12 2.5 Sources of Funding .................................................................................... 13 2.5.1 Additional Funding Bids in 2016/17 and beyond ............................ 15 2.6 Contributing to Sustainable Development .................................................. 15 3. Issues and Options for the second LFRMS .......................................................... 16 3.1 Overall View of Local Flood Risk ................................................................ 16 3.2 Investment in Flood Risk Management Projects ........................................ 17 3.3 Land Use Planning and Surface Water Drainage ....................................... 18 3.4 Highways .................................................................................................... 19 3.5 The LLFAs Regulatory Role ....................................................................... 19 3.6 Approach to Asset Management ................................................................ 20 3.7 Climate Change ......................................................................................... 21 4. Next Steps ............................................................................................................ 22 Appendix 1. Consultation Response Form ................................................................... 23 June 2016 LFRMS Issues and Options Consultation Document List of maps Map 2.1 Flood Incidents in Hertfordshire Recorded by the LLFA .......................... 7 Map 2.2 Extent of Bedfordshire and Ivel Internal Drainage Board Area in Hertfordshire ........................................................................................... 9 Figure 2.3 Regional Flood and Coastal Committee Boundaries ............................. 14 List of Tables Table 2.1 Ordinary Watercourse Risk Classifications ......................................... 10 Table 2.2 Risk Designations of Ordinary Watercourse by District ....................... 10 Table 2.3 Summary of LLFA Service Standards for Ordinary Watercourses ...... 11 Table 2.4 Thames RFCC Secured Funding ........................................................ 14 June 2016 LFRMS Issues and Options Consultation Document Revision schedule Hertfordshire County Council Local Flood Risk Management Strategy Issues & Options Consultation May 2016 Revision 3 – Panel draft Rev Date Details Author Checked and Approved by 1 06/04/2016 First draft Suzanne Phillips John Rumble 2 20/04/2016 Pre-Panel draft John Rumble John Rumble 3 12/05/2016 Panel draft John Rumble John Rumble 4 13/06/2016 Final draft John Rumble 5 i June 2016 LFRMS Issues and Options Consultation Document ii June 2016 LFRMS Issues and Options Consultation Document Glossary & acronyms Term / Acronym Explanation Department of Food The UK government department responsible for safeguarding and Rural Affairs our natural environment, supporting our world-leading food (Defra) and farming industry, and sustaining a thriving rural economy. Flood Risk management comes within the department’s remit. Flood and Water An act to make provision about water and the management of Management Act risks in connection with flooding and coastal erosion. 2010 (FWMA) Flood Risk Regulations which transposed the European Floods Directive Regulations 2009 into English and Welsh legislation. They set out the requirements for the Environment Agency and LLFAs to carry out high level assessment of flood risk (PFRA), identify areas at the greatest risk of flooding nationally (Flood Risk Areas FRAs) and the production of plans (Flood Risk Management Plans FRMPs) to manage the risk in FRAs. There are no FRAs in Hertfordshire. Flood Defence Funding from Defra to the Environment Agency which includes Grant in Aid contributions towards the development capital works through (FDGiA) Partnership Funding which can be accessed by all Risk Management Authorities through Regional Flood and Coastal Committees. Flooding and Maps published by the Environment Agency depicting the risk Surface Water of flooding from Main Rivers, the coast and surface water. maps They can be accessed through this link. http://maps.environment-agency.gov.uk/wiyby/wiybyController?ep=maptopics&lang=_e Groundwater (As defined in s6 FWMA 2010) - means all water which is below the surface of the ground and in direct contact with the ground or subsoil. Internal Drainage IDBs are the land drainage authority within defined drainage Board (IDB) districts and their functions include the supervision of land drainage, mainly funded by landowners and local authorities, and flood defence works on ordinary watercourses or other flood sources as requested by local authorities or the Environment Agency. A small area of North Hertfordshire is served by an IDB. Land Drainage Act An Act to consolidate the legislation relating to internal 1991 (LDA 1991) drainage boards, and to the functions of such boards and of local authorities in relation to land drainage, as amended by the FWMA 2010. Lead Local Flood In England, either the unitary authority for the area, or if there Authority (LLFA) is no unitary authority, the county council for the area. Local Flood Risk A statutory strategy for local flood risk management which is Management developed, maintained, applied and monitored by the LLFA. Strategy (LFRMS) iii June 2016 LFRMS Issues and Options Consultation Document Term / Acronym Explanation Local Planning The Local Planning Authority (LPA) is empowered by law to Authority (LPA) exercise planning functions. In Hertfordshire the borough or district councils are local planning authorities as well as the county council which is the LPA for waste and minerals matters and its own services such as schools, libraries and highways. National Flood and The strategy sets out a national framework for managing the Coastal Erosion risk of flooding and coastal erosion. It will help risk Risk Management management authorities and communities understand their Strategy for different roles and responsibilities. It aims to encourage the England use of all of the available measures in a co-ordinated way that (NFCERMS) balances the needs of communities, the economy and the environment. National Flood Risk See National Flood and Coastal Erosion Risk Management Management Strategy for England. Strategy National Planning The National Planning Policy Framework sets out the Policy Framework Government’s planning policies for England and how these (NPPF) are expected to be applied. National Planning The NPPG supports and informs the government's National Policy Guidance Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) which was published in (NPPG) March 2012 and sets out the Government’s planning policies for England and how these are expected to be applied. Main River A statutory designation of watercourse in England and Wales, usually larger streams and rivers, but also include some smaller watercourses which have been historically identified as having an impact on flood risk. A main river is defined as a watercourse marked as such on a main river map, and can include any structure or appliance for controlling or regulating the flow of water in, into or out of a main river. The Environment Agency's powers to carry out flood defence works apply to main rivers only. Ordinary As defined in s6 FWMA 2010 - a “watercourse” that does not watercourses
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hertfordshire Countryside Management Service CMS: Practical and Project Work
    Hertfordshire Countryside Management Service CMS: Practical and Project Work. Norman Jones Besides the excellent work of the Rights of Way Unit at Hertfordshire County Council the Countryside Management Service is working to improve the natural environment in Hertfordshire and promoting people’s enjoyment of it. There are two main strands of this work which are working in conjunction with the Rights of Way officers to make improvements to the Rights of Way network and project work within the districts which are sponsors of CMS. Rights of Way Work The CMS has three teams of volunteers doing practical work, on Tuesdays in the east of the County on Wednesday in the west and south of the county and on Thursday in the north of the county. Much of the work is on District Council green spaces but there is a substantial amount of work on the Rights of Way network clearing encroaching vegetation and enhancing infrastructure like replacing stiles with kissing gates. In the six months up to Autumn last year the conservation groups have installed or restored 258 steps. As noted in the CMS Newsletter if this was calculated as one continuous flight it would scale 39 metres, the height of a 20 storey building. 65 metres of new boardwalk has been installed. A particular achievement was the building of a flight of 21 steps at Charlton near Hitchin. Green Spaces I will initially highlight some of the sites with particular interest for walkers. Oughtonhead Common Oughtonhead Common is on the Eastern outskirts of Hitchin. The common runs up to the River Oughton and access is also possible on the private land running up to the source of the river at Oughton Head.
    [Show full text]
  • North Hertfordshire Green Belt Review
    99 North Hertfordshire Green Belt Review July 2016 North Hertfordshire Local Plan 2011 - 2031 Evidence Base Report North Hertfordshire Green Belt Review July 2016 2 North Hertfordshire Green Belt Review July 2016 Contents 1. Background and Approach to the Review…………………………………. 5 PART ONE: ASSESSMENT OF THE CURRENT GREEN BELT, VILLAGES IN THE GREEN BELT AND POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT SITES IN THE GREEN BELT 2. Strategic Review of the Green Belt…………………………………...………….. 9 2.1 Background to Review 2.2 Role and purpose of Green Belt 2.3 The National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) 2.4 Methodology 2.5 Assessment - existing Green Belt 2.6 Checking the unrestricted sprawl of large built-up areas 2.7 Preventing neighbouring towns merging into one another 2.8 Safeguarding the countryside from encroachment 2.9 Preserving the setting and special character of Historic Towns 2.10 Overall contribution to Green Belt purposes 3. Refined Review of the Green Belt……………………………………………..…. 33 4. Analysis of Villages in the Green Belt…………………………………………... 67 4.1 Purpose and Method of Appraisal 4.2 NHDC Proposed Policy Context 4.3 Analysis of Contribution to the Green Belt 5. Analysis of Potential Development Sites in the Green Belt…………………. 99 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Methodology - potential development sites 5.3 Assessment of Potential Development Sites PART TWO: ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL ADDITIONS TO THE GREEN BELT 6. Assessment of Countryside beyond the Green Belt………………………….. 135 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Role and purpose of Green Belt 6.3 Methodology – potential Green Belt areas
    [Show full text]
  • North Hertfordshire Open Space Review & Standards 2016
    North Hertfordshire Open Space Review & Standards 2016 PART 1: OPEN SPACE REVIEW 1 1. Introduction 1.1 Access to high quality open spaces and opportunities for sport and recreation can make an important contribution to the health and well-being of communities; and if well designed and maintained they can make areas attractive places to live, work and visit. 1.2 Planning Policy Guidance Note 17 (PPG17): Planning for Open Space, Sport and Recreation (2002) aimed to improve the quantity and quality of open space, by requiring local authorities to undertake an assessment of needs and opportunities in their area, and to develop a series of local standards by which to improve the overall provision of open space. 1.3 In 2009 an assessment was carried out to assess the provision of open space, sport and recreation facilities in North Hertfordshire, based on PPG17 and its Companion Guide (Assessing Needs and Opportunities). This North Hertfordshire Green Space Standards document examined the existing provision based on different types of open space and set out open space standards, differentiating between urban and rural developments. 1.4 The purpose of this 2016 report is to review open space provision in the District since the open space assessment undertaken in 2009. In doing so, it will provide an updated position on the latest provision of open space, sport and recreation facilities in North Hertfordshire. This work is being done in line with the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF) (2012) and Planning Practice Guidance (PPG) (2014), which have replaced PPG17 and its Companion Guide. 1.5 This 2016 update will ensure that the Local Plan is supported by an up-to-date assessment and will form part of the evidence base.
    [Show full text]
  • Green Flag Award Winners 2019 England East Midlands 125 Green Flag Award Winners
    Green Flag Award Winners 2019 England East Midlands 125 Green Flag Award winners Park Title Heritage Managing Organisation Belper Cemetery Amber Valley Borough Council Belper Parks Amber Valley Borough Council Belper River Gardens Amber Valley Borough Council Crays Hill Recreation Ground Amber Valley Borough Council Crossley Park Amber Valley Borough Council Heanor Memorial Park Amber Valley Borough Council Pennytown Ponds Local Nature Reserve Amber Valley Borough Council Riddings Park Amber Valley Borough Council Ampthill Great Park Ampthill Town Council Rutland Water Anglian Water Services Ltd Brierley Forest Park Ashfield District Council Kingsway Park Ashfield District Council Lawn Pleasure Grounds Ashfield District Council Portland Park Ashfield District Council Selston Golf Course Ashfield District Council Titchfield Park Hucknall Ashfield District Council Kings Park Bassetlaw District Council The Canch (Memorial Gardens) Bassetlaw District Council A Place To Grow Blaby District Council Glen Parva and Glen Hills Local Nature Reserves Blaby District Council Bramcote Hills Park Broxtowe Borough Council Colliers Wood Broxtowe Borough Council Chesterfield Canal (Kiveton Park to West Stockwith) Canal & River Trust Erewash Canal Canal & River Trust Queen’s Park Charnwood Borough Council Chesterfield Crematorium Chesterfield Borough Council Eastwood Park Chesterfield Borough Council Holmebrook Valley Park Chesterfield Borough Council Poolsbrook Country Park Chesterfield Borough Council Queen’s Park Chesterfield Borough Council Boultham
    [Show full text]
  • HERTFORDSHIRE BIOLOGICAL RECORDS CENTRE Environment, County Hall, Hertford, Herts, SG13 8DN
    HERTFORDSHIRE BIOLOGICAL RECORDS CENTRE Environment, County Hall, Hertford, Herts, SG13 8DN Planning Policy Ask for: M. Hicks North Herts District Council Our Ref: District Council Offices Your Ref: Gernon Road Tel: 01992 556158 Letchworth Garden City SG6 3JF Date: 21/03/2013 Dear Sir Local Plan 2011 – 2031 Housing Options Growth Levels and Locations 2011 – 2031 Consultation Paper February 2013 I would like to make the following comments on the above consultation: 1. Housing Options Part 1: Housing Numbers 1. There is no indication as to how many of the strategic Sites might be used, or whether it may be that parts of all of them may be released for development, although if new discrete communities are planned with minimum sizes for facilities etc. this may not be an option. It is suggested that at least one will be required to meet the target of 10,700 dwellings (1.46). However, if somewhat variable, this could obviously have an impact on the environmental implications of any development. 2. Currently, the increase in proposed homes represents an increase of over 20% of the existing resource; this will also – crudely - increase the resulting generic environmental pressures such as increasing transport, water demand, pollution and disturbance by 20%, overall within the District and locally where development takes place. This may result in direct impacts such as the lowering of water tables if over-abstraction occurs, as well as increased nitrogen deposition, although it is hoped that measures will be taken in an attempt to address these issues as part of more detailed planning.
    [Show full text]
  • Agenda Reports Pack (Public) 23/06/2010, 10.00
    Agenda for Board Meeting to be held at 10.00 am on Wednesday 23 June 2010 in Potten End Village Hall, Potten End, Berkhamsted, HP4 1QG Agenda Item Timing Page No 1. Apologies for Absence / Changes in Membership 10.00 2. Declarations of Interest 10.02 To declare any personal and prejudicial interests 3. Minutes 10.03 1 - 12 of the meeting held on 24 March 2010, to be confirmed. The Report of the Chief Officer is attached as appendix 1 to the minutes. 4. Matters Arising 10.06 5. Public Question Time 10.10 6. Report from the Executive Committee 10.13 13 - 14 7. Report from the Planning Committee 10.18 15 - 18 8. Statement of Accounts 2001/10 10.28 19 - 40 9. Contingency Plan in case of In Year Grant Cuts 10.48 41 - 44 10. Report on High Speed 2 11.05 45 - 50 11. Working with Schools and Young People 11.45 51 - 54 12. Report on the Chiltern Cycleway 12.05 55 - 58 13. Report on the Commons Project 12.25 59 - 60 14. Report on the Work Programme 2009-2010 12.45 61 - 74 15. Date of Next and Future Meetings The next meeting of the Conservation Board, including the AGM, will be held on Wednesday 20 October 2010 at 10.00am in The Large Dining Room, Judges Lodgings, Buckinghamshire County Council. Dates of future meetings: 2011 19 January 23 March 22 June 19 October including the AGM MAP GIVING DIRECTIONS TO POTTEN END VILLAGE HALL For further information please contact: Maureen Keyworth at Democratic Services, Buckinghamshire County Council, Room 124, Old County Offices, Aylesbury HP20 1UA.
    [Show full text]
  • Landscape Character Assessment of North Hertfordshire
    RIVER OUGHTON AND location assessment evaluation guidelines PURWELL VALLEYS Area 217 LOCATION LANDSCAPE CHARACTER AREA LANDSCAPE CHARACTER The Purwell rises to the south east of Hitchin Traditionally cattle grazed water meadows with running broadly northward to join the River Hiz, poplar, willow and ash trees along the beyond the District boundary. The River Oughton watercourses. Self seeded mature hawthorn is a tributary of the Purwell running, along the also randomly distributed. Mature landscape northern boundary to Hitchin. The District character well defined by urban development boundary follows the northern length of the water (Hitchin). Trees restrict views. General change course. of land use adjacent to Ickleford where land is predominantly used for horse grazing and stabling. Paddocks are defined by post and barbed wire fencing. Character Area is crossed, in several locations, by the mainline railway which runs on embankment. Oughtonhead Common, to the west, managed as a local nature reserve. KEY CHARACTERISTICS ● Grazed water meadows ● Meandering water course with associated ponds and water bodies ● Linear woodland belts following the water course DISTINCTIVE FEATURES ● Mainline railway on embankment ● Public parkland at Ickleford ● Oughtonhead Common Nature Reserve ● Purwell Mill Nature Reserve North Hertfordshire and Stevenage Landscape Character Assessment Babtie Group Page 111 RIVER OUGHTON AND location assessment evaluation guidelines PURWELL VALLEYS Area 217 ASSESSMENT PHYSICAL INFLUENCES Oughtonhead Common and Nature Reserve contains one of the largest fen woodlands in Geology & soils Hertfordshire, and is of considerable ecological Poor draining gleyed soils over alluvial drift interest. The rivers Oughton and Hiz both have predominate. unusual habitat, and is probably the single most important feature of the site.
    [Show full text]
  • 5 Wetlands Habitat Action Plan
    A Biodiversity Action Plan for Hertfordshire < Return to contents page 5 Wetlands habitat action plan 5.1 Wetland habitats 5.1.1 Summary channel but also for the influence they exert, from spring source to floodplain, on the plants and animals The term ‘wetland’ covers a diverse range of of adjacent habitats. Unconstrained rivers spill onto habitats. Within Hertfordshire alone this includes floodplains and inundate habitats on a regular basis, rivers, streams, springs, water-cress beds, ponds, allowing the development of wet grassland, marsh, lakes, reservoirs, sewage works, marshes, fens, swamp, fen and carr woodland. These natural swamps, wet grassland and carr woodland. These functions of river systems bring huge benefits to wetlands are hugely important for both wildlife human society. and people. Many of the wetlands of Hertfordshire, especially open waters, have been created by human However, few rivers have not been physically altered activity. In fact, all wetlands within the county have by human activities. Engineering works with the aim of been influenced by human activities to some degree. reducing problem flooding or improving land drainage In many cases this is due to the range of benefits they can also have serious adverse environmental effects, have provided. Over the centuries wetlands have leading to degradation both of the main channel and supplied food, drinking water, power, transport and adjacent habitats. Such works tend to hydrologically leisure opportunities as well as their natural purifying isolate the river from its floodplain habitats. Rivers and flow regulating functions. relatively unaffected by these activities are a particularly valuable wildlife resource. All wetlands are characterised by the presence of water; static or flowing.
    [Show full text]
  • Oughtonhead Common Leaflet
    Local Nature Reserve Icknield Ways and the Chilterns. the and Ways Icknield Local Nature Reserve Contact CMS for more information more for CMS Contact Footpath links with Hambridge and Hambridge with links Footpath Supported by Supported for wheelchair users and the less mobile. less the and users wheelchair for Meet like-minded people like-minded Meet • walks. Extensive surfaced paths suitable paths surfaced Extensive walks. Learn new skills skills new Learn • www.hertsdirect.org/CMS Tel: 01462 459395 01462 Tel: www.hertsdirect.org/CMS Enjoy a choice of River and Commons and River of choice a Enjoy Help maintain & improve the nature reserve reserve nature the improve & maintain Help • environment. For more information contact us at: at: us contact information more For environment. Why Volunteer? Why communities in Hertfordshire to help them care for and enjoy the enjoy and for care them help to Hertfordshire in communities The Countryside Management Service (CMS) works with works (CMS) Service Management Countryside The 01462 474000 01462 Tel: www.north-herts.gov.uk protection of the environment. Contact us at: us Contact environment. the of protection to balance the need for sustainable development with the with development sustainable for need the balance to managed by North Hertfordshire District Council. The Council seeks Council The Council. District Hertfordshire North by managed Oughtonhead Common Local Nature Reserve is owned and owned is Reserve Nature Local Common Oughtonhead Traveline on 0871 200 2233 or www.intalink.org.uk or 2233 200 0871 on Traveline and Burford Way/Swinburne Ave. For travel details contact Intalink contact details travel For Ave.
    [Show full text]
  • A Green Space Management Strategy for North Hertfordshire
    North Hertfordshire District Council Customer Services Directorate www.north-herts.gov.uk A Green Space Management Strategy for North Hertfordshire A management approach for the future of green space in North Hertfordshire 3 2014 - 2019 A Green Space Management Strategy for North Hertfordshire To maintain and improve green space for the current and future needs of the local community. “Making North Hertfordshire a vibrant place to live, work and prosper” In order to achieve its objective the strategy has the following aims: • To highlight the value and role of parks and green spaces in meeting corporate and community needs. • To provide the justification and evidence base to maximise external investment opportunities and secure funding through planning obligations to provide continued investment for green space at reduced cost to the Council. • To provide a framework to work in partnership with key stakeholders such as Groundwork Hertfordshire and the Countryside Management Service along with volunteers to deliver improvements and external funding opportunities to green space. • To provide clear policies that prioritise essential green space investment requirements for the next five years. • Based on sound policies develop a sustainable five year investment programme for green space that reduces the Council’s revenue and capital spend whilst still providing essential short term enhancements for green space. 2 North Hertfordshire District Council Foreword Statement from Councillor Knighton The importance of green spaces is well recognised. Over the last 10 years, residents’ satisfaction of green Our health and wellbeing, a sense of pride in the local spaces in North Herts has steadily improved. You will area, the enjoyment of being outdoors and the find many of the reasons for that highlighted in this environment around us – all these are affected by the document, with significant improvements taking place quality of our green spaces, from parks to play areas and throughout the district in recent years.
    [Show full text]
  • Seasonal Newsletter from John O’Conner October 2018 ISSUE 22
    Seasonal Times The seasonal newsletter from John O’Conner October 2018 ISSUE 22 AWARDS John O’Conner were announced as Regional Highly Commended Winner in September at the National Apprenticeship Awards 2018, which took place at Mercedes Benz World in Weybridge. We came runners up to MBDA who are a Global manufacturer of missiles based in Stevenage. This Award demonstrates our commitment and investment we place into our Apprenticeship programme and into each of our Apprentices. Matt O’Conner comments: “We are absolutely thrilled to receive the South East Regional Highly Commended Winner Award. With our new group of apprentices for 2018 having recently joined us, the recognition we’ve received is a tangible accolade to the continued investment we’re making. Each apprentice provides John O’Conner with a workforce who, when supported, give us business- Steve Latus, Ian Pitkin (Centre Left), Neil Cain (Centre Right), improving ideas, innovations and our future management pipeline.” Commander Allan Youp In the same week we were also announced as a BALI National Landscape Award Winner 2018! This has been awarded for our contract with Serco at The Emergency Planning College, The Hawkhills in York where our team has worked extremely hard to raise the standards of the site and have demonstrated exemplary standards of professional excellence. We now wait to find out if The Hawkhills will be awarded the ‘Principal Award’ in its category. The ceremony will take place in London on December 7th at the Grosvenor Hotel. FROM THE TOP A word from our Managing Director, for The Hawkhills site, based in Yorkshire for The Cabinet Office and Matt O’Conner Serco.
    [Show full text]
  • Archives Index
    Commons, Greens and Allotments Archives Index DEFRA, HLRO and The National Archives February 2007 Contents Introductory Note Introductory Note .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Website Details .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2 Main Index Contents of Main Index ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 County Listings ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 General References Royal
    [Show full text]