MR, 11C-methionine PET, and FDG-PET). In that case, one BOOK REVIEWS also could take exception to the legend that the T1 gadolinium Section Editor: Robert M. Quencer study showed no enhancement. The paucity of imaging in this chapter (just 2 cases) is disappointing. Neuroimaging Clinics: Molecular The chapters on MR spectroscopy and diffusion imaging Neuroimaging, Vol. 16, No. 4 may strike a more practical and resonant chord with the neu- roradiology community. A brief history of MR and MR spec- D. Schellingerhout, guest ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2006. troscopy precedes a general summary of MR spectroscopy and 172 pages. the importance of identifying various peaks on single- or mul- tivoxel spectroscopy. The few clinical examples and the discus- ake a step into the future of molecular imaging in neuro- sion of the spectra will be seen by the experienced neuroradi- radiology with a copy of the November 2006 issue of Neu- T ologist as basic information devoid of any new observations. roimaging Clinics of North America. In a similar fashion, the chapter on diffusion reviews the fun- Chapters chosen by guest editor Dawid Schellingerhout include Opioid Imaging, Dopamine Imaging, Brain PET, damentals of this technique and does so in a depth reasonable MR Spectroscopy, Diffusion Imaging Related to Cell Archi- for this audience. Applications of diffusion imaging cover the tecture, Optical Imaging, Tracking of Cell- and Viral-Based well-known areas of stroke, tumor grading, and response to Therapies, and Current/Future Clinical Trials. What makes therapy. One concept explained in the chapter, which, per- this issue of the Clinics interesting is that it compiles, in 1 haps, is unfamiliar to many, is “functional diffusion mapping” cover, the forefronts of molecular imaging, so for one won- or fDM. This method is a novel way of assessing the alterations dering where this field is heading, there would be no better of a given area with time related to changing apparent diffu- place to start than here. Readers will then find out exactly sion coefficient (ADC) values. A nice example showing the what neuromolecular imaging is and what subjects fall un- potential of fDM is a treated tumor indicating what areas have der its domain. It is clearly a discipline that takes us beyond become cystic, necrotic, or have remained stable; and possible the commonly recognized imaging of molecular events new areas suggesting a tumor with decreased ADC values. Al- such as positron-emission tomography (PET), MR spec- though not in clinical use, clearly a potential for this technique troscopy, and diffusion imaging. exists. The authors also demonstrate the power of high-level

To me, it is unfortunate but perhaps inevitable (because of b-value diffusion gradients when performed on a 3T system. REVIEWS BOOK the immaturity of the science) that many of the diseases de- Here, the differentiation between edema and a solid tumor is scribed in various chapters are unaccompanied by imaging. displayed more dramatically than with standard b-values. For instance, in the chapter on dopamine imaging, descrip- Optical imaging with the use of bioluminescence and flu- tions of changes expected in Parkinson disease and seeing how orescence is in its infancy, with no neuroclinical applications. Parkinson’s could differ from multisystem atrophy or pro- However, for those wanting some information on this rela- gressive supranuclear palsy are not demonstrated, only de- tively new field, extensive explanation and animal experimen- scribed. In a similar fashion, descriptions of alterations in psy- tal models are presented in this chapter. In a similar manner, chiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, depression, attention the last 2 chapters (Molecular Imaging of Novel Cell- and Vi- deficit hyperactivity disorder, drug abuse, etc, are only dis- ral-Based Therapies and Clinical Trials in a Molecular World) cussed, not shown. The chapter on single-photon emission CT will allow the more research-minded clinician to understand and PET of multidrug-resistant P-glycoprotein describes in where imaging and basic science may intersect and grow. detail the pharmacologic and biochemical bases of this glyco- In summary, one would hope that in the next 5 years, a protein but gives no clinical imaging. In essence, the first 75 pages are long on the basic science of molecular imaging and blossoming of molecular imaging as described in this book will will, in all likelihood, be read by just those with a deep interest allow that discipline to be incorporated into routine interpre- in the foundations of molecular imaging. tations of brain imaging. Perhaps a future issue of Neuroimag- It is when the book reaches its halfway point that clinical ing Clinics of North America will show us that. imaging appears in the chap- DOI 10.3174/ajnr.A0732 ters on PET, MR spectros- copy, and diffusion imaging. The chapter on PET reviews the detailed mechanisms of BOOK REVIEW cell trapping by fluorodeoxy- glucose (FDG), the various traces that can be used for Head and Neuroanatomy: Thieme Atlas PET brain imaging, and the of Anatomy method of quantification of the uptake relative to a M. Schuenke, E. Schulte, U. Schumacher, L.M. Ross, E.D. Lamperti, and E. Taub, eds. Stuttgart, Germany: Thieme; 2007, healthy brain. For some rea- 420 pages, 1182 illustrations, 72 tables, $64.95. son, the images presented are small (eg, the case of a low- his beautifully illustrated, 420-page, softcover atlas is, in grade glioma studied with Tfact, more (much more) than a neuroanatomy atlas. The

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